1055:
was on March 26, 2012, requiring manufacturers to adopt the standard by June 1, 2015, and product distributors to adopt the standard by
December 1, 2015. Workers had to be trained by December 1, 2013. In the US, GHS labels are not required on most hazardous consumer grade products (ex. laundry detergent) however some manufacturers which also sell the same product in Canada or Europe include GHS compliant warnings on these products too. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission is not opposed to this and has been evaluating the possibility of incorporating elements of GHS into future consumer regulations.
979:
710:
31:
832:, and hazard statement should be used. The GHS hazard pictograms, signal words and hazard statements should be located together on the label. The actual label format or layout is not specified. National authorities may choose to specify where information should appear on the label, or to allow supplier discretion in the placement of GHS information.
84:
the $ 1.7 trillion per year international trade in chemicals requiring hazard classification, the cost of compliance with multiple systems of classification and labeling is significant. Developing a worldwide standard accepted as an alternative to local and regional systems presented an opportunity to reduce costs and improve compliance.
457:
are considered to be target organ systemic effects following a single exposure. Substances and mixtures of the single exposure target organ toxicity hazard class are assigned to one of three hazard categories. Substances and mixtures of the repeated exposure target organ toxicity hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories.
276:, which differ from self-reactive substances in that they will only ignite in large quantities (kilograms) and after a long duration of time (hours or days). Category 1 is reserved for samples which self-heat in small quantities (25 mm), and all other self-heating substances that only heat in large quantities are listed under Category 2.
761:: "Danger" or "Warning" will be used to emphasize hazards and indicate the relative level of severity of the hazard, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category. Some lower level hazard categories do not use signal words. Only one signal word corresponding to the class of the most severe hazard should be used on a label.
456:
Effects. All significant health effects, not otherwise specifically included in the GHS, that can impair function, both reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed are included in the non-lethal target organ/systemic toxicity class (TOST). Narcotic effects and respiratory tract irritation
1054:
United States: GHS compliant labels and SDSs are required for many applications including laboratory chemicals, commercial cleaning agents, and other workplace cases regulated by previous US Occupational Health and Safety
Administration (OSHA) standards. First widespread implementation set by OSHA
853:
Safety data sheets or SDS are specifically aimed at use in the workplace. Safety data sheets take precedence over and are intended to replace the previously used material safety data sheets (MSDS), which did not have a standard layout and section format. It should provide comprehensive information
571:
The GHS approach to the classification of mixtures for health and environmental hazards uses a tiered approach and is dependent upon the amount of information available for the mixture itself and for its components. Principles that have been developed for the classification of mixtures, drawing on
83:
Before the
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was created and implemented, there were many different regulations on hazard classification in use in different countries, resulting in multiple standards, classifications and labels for the same hazard. Given
54:
that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around the world. Core elements of the GHS include standardized hazard testing criteria, universal warning pictograms, and safety data sheets which provide users of dangerous goods
806:
of the substance. For mixtures, the label should include the chemical identities of all ingredients that contribute to acute toxicity, skin corrosion or serious eye damage, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, skin or respiratory sensitization, or
Specific Target Organ
633:
procedures and criteria already referred to in existing systems. Test data already generated for the classification of chemicals under existing systems should be accepted when classifying these chemicals under the GHS, thereby avoiding duplicative testing and the unnecessary use of test animals.
541:
indicates the potential or actual properties of a material to cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms during exposures that are determined in relation to the lifecycle of the organism. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one of four toxicity categories on the basis of
736:
hazard information, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category. Pictograms include the harmonized hazard symbols plus other graphic elements, such as borders, background patterns or cozers and substances which have target organ toxicity. Also, harmful chemicals and irritants are marked with an
192:
are categorized into one of 3 categories, but may be additionally classified as explosives or flammable gases if material properties match the previous classifications. From category 1 to 3, aerosols are classified as most to least flammable. All aerosols under these categories carry a bursting
386:
means changes in the eye following the application of a test substance to the front surface of the eye, which are fully reversible within 21 days of application. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a single harmonized hazard category. For authorities, such as pesticide
441:
in offspring. Substances and mixtures with reproductive and/or developmental effects are assigned to one of two hazard categories, 'known or presumed' and 'suspected'. Category 1 has two subcategories for reproductive and developmental effects. Materials which cause concern for the health of
381:
means the production of tissue damage in the eye, or serious physical decay of vision, following application of a test substance to the front surface of the eye, which is not fully reversible within 21 days of application. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a single
632:
to provide and verify toxicity testing requirements for substances or mixtures. Overall, the GHS criteria for determining health and environmental hazards are test method neutral, allowing different approaches as long as they are scientifically sound and validated according to international
616:(IFA) has developed the Column Model. On the basis of just a small amount of information on a product, substitute substances can be evaluated with the support of this table. The current version from 2020 already includes the amendments of the 12th CLP Adaptation Regulation 2019/521.
819:: Non-harmonized information on the container of a hazardous product that is not required or specified under the GHS. Supplemental information may be used to provide further detail that does not contradict or cast doubt on the validity of the standardized hazard information.
110:
The universal standard for all countries was to replace all the diverse classification systems; however, it is not a compulsory provision of any treaty. The GHS provides a common infrastructure for participating countries to use when implementing a hazard classification and
1325:"Directive 1999/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 1999 concerning the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations"
613:
1757:
1009:
Colombia: Following the issuance of
Resolution 0773/2021 on April 9, 2021, Colombia enforced the implementation of the GHS, with deadlines taking effect April 7, 2023 for pure substances, with mixtures following the same protocols the following
1782:
974:
goal was for broad international adoption of the system, and as of 2017, the GHS had been adopted to varying degrees in many major countries. Smaller economies continue to develop regulations to implement the GHS throughout the 2020s.
1002:
as of
February 2015. In 2023 the WHMIS requirements were updated to align with the 7th revised edition and certain provisions of the 8th revised edition of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
1708:
360:
means the production of irreversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a single harmonized corrosion category.
152:
are assigned to one of four subcategories depending on the type of hazard they present, similar to the categories used in the UN Dangerous Goods System. Category 1 includes explosives not covered by the 6 Dangerous Goods
596:
1028:
Pakistan: Country does not a single streamlined system for chemical labeling, although there are many rules in place. The
Pakistani government has requested assistance in developing future regulations to implement
957:
must be trained on all program elements, though there has been confusion among these groups of workers in the implementation process regarding which training elements have changed and are required to maintain
924:
The primary difference between the GHS and previous international industry recommendations is that sections 2 and 3 have been reversed in order. The GHS SDS headings, sequence, and content are similar to the
1761:
602:
If (1) test data are not available for the mixture itself, and (2) the bridging principles cannot be applied, then use the calculation or cutoff values described in the specific endpoint to classify the
1035:
Russian
Federation: GHS was approved for optional use as of August 2014. Manufacturers may continue using non-GHS Russian labels through 2021, after which compliance with the system is compulsory.
858:
of the chemical product in the workplace. Compared to the differences found between manufacturers in MSDS, SDS have specific requirements to include the following headings in the order specified:
828:
The GHS includes directions for application of the hazard communication elements on the label. In particular, it specifies for each hazard, and for each class within the hazard, what signal word,
839:. To address this, in cases where a pictogram would be required by both the Department of Transportation and the GHS indicating the same hazard, only the Transportation pictogram is to be used.
342:
includes five GHS categories from which the appropriate elements relevant to transport, consumer, worker and environment protection can be selected. Substances are assigned to one of the five
319:
materials may damage or destroy metals, based on tests done on aluminum and steel. The corrosion rate must be greater than 6.25 mm/year on either material to qualify under this classification.
367:
means the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a single
1712:
1044:
Turkey: Published
Turkish CLP regulation and SDS regulation in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The deadline for substance classification was June 1, 2015, for mixtures, it was June 1, 2016.
747:
140:
96:
745:. Pictograms will have a black symbol on a white background with a red diamond frame. For transport, pictograms will have the background, symbol and colors currently used in the
1013:
European Union: The deadline for substance classification was
December 1, 2010 and for mixtures it was June 1, 2015, per regulation for GHS implementation on December 31, 2008.
123:
The GHS classification system defines and classifies the physical, health, and/or environmental hazards of a substance. Each category within the classifications has associated
773:
and category that describe the nature of the hazard. An appropriate statement for each GHS hazard should be included on the label for products possessing more than one hazard.
1022:
Malaysia: Deadline for substance and mixture was April 17, 2015 per its Industry Code of Practice on Chemicals Classification and Hazard Communication(ICOP) on 16 April 2014.
387:
regulators, wanting more than one designation for eye irritation, one of two subcategories can be selected, depending on whether the effects are reversible in 21 or 7 days.
1032:
Philippines: The deadline for substances and mixtures was March 14, 2015, per Guidelines for the Implementation of GHS in Chemical Safety Program in the Workplace in 2014.
612:
Companies are encouraged to replace hazardous substances with substances featuring a reduced health risk. As an assistance to assess possible substitute substances, the
999:
415:
in populations of cells and/or organisms. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories. Category 1 has two subcategories.
926:
1733:
1431:
938:
625:
72:
507:
in a short-term exposure. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to one of three toxicity categories on the basis of acute toxicity data: LC
1957:
63:. Although adoption has taken time, as of 2017, the system has been enacted to significant extents in most major countries of the world. This includes the
1859:
854:
about the chemical product that allows employers and workers to obtain concise, relevant and accurate information in perspective to the hazards, uses and
1881:
836:
2130:
1424:"The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS): Implementation Planning Issues for the Office of Pesticide Programs"
99:(OECD), various governments, and other stakeholders agreed that "A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including
2181:
425:
or increase its incidence. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories. Category 1 has two subcategories.
2049:
2024:
1999:
953:
in the United States are more detailed than the GHS training recommendations. Training is a key component of the overall GHS approach. Employees and
242:. They are placed into Category 1 if a fire is not stopped by wetting the substance, and Category 2 if wetting stops the fire for at least 4 minutes.
1586:
1920:
1350:
175:
Category 1B gases meet the flammability criteria of 1A, but are not pyrophoric or chemically unstable and have a lower flammability limit in air.
1274:
802:(ingredient disclosure): Name or number used for a hazardous product on a label or in the SDS. The GHS label for a substance should include the
307:
are unstable substances or mixtures and may be derivatives of hydrogen peroxide. They are categorized from A to G based on inherent ability to
202:
are any gaseous substance which contribute to combustion of other materials more than air would. There is only one category of oxidizing gases.
1454:
1536:
683:
includes a comprehensibility-testing instrument in Annex 6. Factors that were considered in developing the GHS communication tools include:
226:, from Category 1 with flash point < 23 °C and initial boiling point < 35 °C to Category 4 with flash point > 60 °C and < 93 °C.
2131:"Policy of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)"
1076:
1819:
327:
are materials that would otherwise be classified as explosive, but have been stabilized, or phlegmatized, to be exempted from said class.
2367:
397:
of the airways following inhalation of the substance. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one hazard category.
1834:
937:
MSDS/SDS requirements. A table comparing the content and format of a MSDS/SDS versus the GHS SDS is provided in Appendix A of the U.S.
17:
1058:
Uruguay: regulation approved in 2011, setting December 31, 2012 as deadline for pure substances and December 31, 2017, for compounds.
92:
2377:
2362:
1679:
475:. Aspiration is the entry of a liquid or solid directly through the oral or nasal cavity, or indirectly from vomiting, into the
2112:
483:. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories this hazard class on the basis of
1295:
992:
Australia: In 2012, adopted regulation for GHS implementation, setting January 1, 2017 as the GHS implementation deadline.
405:" is equivalent to "contact sensitizer". Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one hazard category.
178:
Category 2 includes gases which do not meet the above criteria but otherwise are flammable at 20 °C and standard pressure.
112:
1611:
2091:
782:
663:
794:, storage, and disposal. The precautionary statements have been linked to each GHS hazard statement and type of hazard.
87:
The GHS development began at the 1992 Rio Conference on Environment and Development by the United Nations, also called
100:
2276:
1726:
2206:
1038:
Taiwan: Full GHS implementation was scheduled for 2016 for all hazardous chemicals with physical and health hazards.
375:
regulators, wanting more than one designation for skin irritation, an additional mild irritant category is provided.
1949:
60:
295:
contribute to the combustion of other materials and are categorized from 1 to 3 in decreasing oxidizing potential.
1423:
555:
1378:"The development of the globally harmonized system (GHS) of classification and labelling of hazardous chemicals"
2372:
2357:
2020:
1863:
1081:
283:
1877:
1353:(in English and German). Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance
592:
test data are available for the mixture itself, the classification of the mixture will be based on that data;
2177:
2045:
1995:
1047:
United Kingdom: Implemented under EU directive by REACH regulations, this may be subject to change due to
1016:
Japan: Established deadline of December 31, 2010 for products containing one of 640 designated substances.
995:
Brazil: Established an implementation deadline of February 2011 for substances and June 2015 for mixtures.
899:
577:
438:
323:
1902:
1590:
1324:
752:
401:
means a substance that will induce an allergic response following skin contact. The definition for "skin
1928:
1091:
959:
798:
765:
725:
659:
429:
35:
1041:
Thailand: The deadline for substances was March 13, 2013. The deadline for mixtures was March 13, 2017.
978:
803:
2063:
1061:
Vietnam: The deadline for substances was March 30, 2014. The deadline for mixtures was March 30, 2016.
38:
for harmful substances of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.
2343:
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Ninth revised edition
2249:
1787:
1557:
1389:
1270:
1110:
954:
950:
680:
472:
234:
are classified as solid substances which are readily combustible or may contribute to a fire through
2156:"MODIFICACION DEL DECRETO 307/009. ETIQUETADO DE PRODUCTOS QUIMICOS. SISTEMA GLOBALMENTE ARMONIZADO"
1467:
733:
88:
453:
2314:
1377:
1241:
895:
881:
476:
464:
2342:
1971:
2265:
1815:
1661:
1532:
1492:
1405:
848:
791:
790:. There are four types of precautionary statements covering: prevention, response in cases of
480:
165:
214:
when heated or (in the case of refrigerated gases) cause cryogenic injury, such as frostbite.
210:
are categorized as compressed, liquefied, refrigerated, or dissolved gases, all of which may
2257:
2218:
1653:
1524:
1397:
738:
589:
504:
499:
468:
394:
230:
218:
2278:
A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)
1194:
855:
787:
709:
559:
363:
315:
290:
197:
157:
55:
relevant information with consistent organization. The system acts as a complement to the
835:
The diamond shape of GHS pictograms resembles the shape of signs mandated for use by the
2253:
2064:"FAQs on Hazard Communication Standard, GHS Labels, Safety Data Sheets, HazCom Training"
1393:
1165:"A Guide to The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"
135:
As of the 10th revision of the GHS, substances or articles are assigned to 17 different
59:
system of regulated hazardous material transport. Implementation is managed through the
1641:
971:
930:
573:
532:
338:
68:
64:
51:
2261:
2351:
1455:"Guidance on Labelling and Packaging in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008"
585:
535:). These acute toxicity categories may be subdivided or extended for certain sectors.
265:
256:
169:
2116:
1164:
614:
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance
30:
770:
640:
239:
223:
136:
1401:
713:
The symbol for substances hazardous to the human health as implemented by the GHS.
687:
Different philosophies in existing systems on how and what should be communicated;
580:. The process for the classification of mixtures is based on the following steps:
2155:
1657:
1134:
1025:
Mexico: GHS has been incorporated into the Official Mexican Standard as of 2015.
402:
1619:
1612:"Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals - GHS"
1242:"GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING OF CHEMICALS (GHS)"
599:
should be applied, which uses test data for components and/or similar mixtures;
595:
Where test data are not available for the mixture itself, then the appropriate
1860:"CLP/GHS - Classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures"
1516:
697:
520:
368:
148:
2316:
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
2298:
2087:
1665:
1528:
1303:
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
172:
gases, and chemically unstable gases that may react in the absence of oxygen.
1642:"Implementing the Hazard Communication Standard final rule: Lessons learned"
1271:"UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations"
1086:
872:
829:
679:
Comprehensibility is a significant consideration in GHS implementation. The
655:
in more than one form (for example, placards, labels or Safety Data Sheets),
484:
443:
434:
412:
372:
308:
211:
124:
56:
2282:
2269:
1409:
421:
means a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances that induce
280:
Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
2226:
1273:. rev. 9. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. pp. 59–60.
1071:
1019:
South Korea: Established the GHS implementation deadline of July 1, 2013.
813:: The name, address and telephone number should be provided on the label.
343:
235:
252:
and are placed into 7 categories from A to G with decreasing reactivity.
1172:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States of America
742:
503:
indicates the intrinsic property of a material of causing injury to an
184:
104:
44:
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
18:
Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
2222:
1565:
U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1139:
U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration
164:
Category 1A includes extremely flammable gases ignitable at 20 °C and
2281:, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, 2006, archived from
1048:
729:
422:
2240:
Obadia, I. (2003), "ILO Activities in the Area of Chemical Safety",
1351:"The GHS Column Model as an aid to selecting substitute substances"
261:
are liable to ignite after 5 minutes of coming in contact with air.
67:, which has implemented the United Nations' GHS into EU law as the
1208:
977:
708:
528:
29:
1640:
Koshy, Koshy; Presutti, Michael; Rosen, Mitchel A. (2015-03-01).
982:
A flammable warning symbol on the back of a Lynx deodorant spray.
755:
appears, the GHS pictogram for the same hazard should not appear.
1462:
934:
629:
512:
452:
category distinguishes between single and repeated exposure for
1006:
China: Established implementation deadline of December 1, 2011.
675:
taking into account all existing research and any new evidence.
636:
For physical hazards, the test criteria are linked to specific
442:
breastfed children have a separate category: effects on or via
248:
are liable to detonate or combust without the participation of
2337:
249:
206:
576:(EU) system for classification of preparations laid down in
50:) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the
637:
1521:
Industrial Safety and Health for People-Oriented Services
717:
The standardized label elements included in the GHS are:
672:
consistent with other statements to reduce confusion, and
411:
means an agent giving rise to an increased occurrence of
161:
are assigned to one of 3 categories based on reactivity:
1376:
Winder, Chris; Azzi, Rola; Wagner, Drew (October 2005).
807:
Toxicity (STOT), when these hazards appear on the label.
777:
The additional label elements included in the GHS are:
748:
UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
107:, should be available if feasible, by the year 2000".
97:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
2319:, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 2007
2113:"Hazard Communication System Final Rule - Fact Sheet"
669:
in an easily comprehensible and standardized manner,
27:
International standard managed by the United Nations
1835:"Colombia Enforces GHS Implementation in Workplace"
1558:"Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets"
696:Ability to understand and appropriately respond to
1783:"Amendments to the Hazardous Products Regulations"
127:to be used when applied to a material or mixture.
1159:
1157:
1155:
433:includes adverse effects on sexual function and
270:follow the same criteria as pyrophoric liquids.
301:follow the same criteria as oxidizing liquids.
1249:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
939:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
626:United States Environmental Protection Agency
73:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
8:
1523:, CRC Press, pp. 117–138, 2008-10-24,
2207:"Improving Workplace Hazard Communication"
837:United States Department of Transportation
693:Ability to translate phrases meaningfully;
651:Per GHS, hazards need to be communicated:
542:acute data and environmental fate data: LC
1921:"Pakistan Industrial Label Review Nexreg"
554:(for algae or other aquatic plants), and
371:category. For those authorities, such as
282:are categorized from 1 to 3 based on the
1305:. Second revised edition. United Nations
1111:"GHS implementation - Transport - UNECE"
1646:Journal of Chemical Health & Safety
1135:"HCS/HazCom Final Rule Regulatory Text"
1102:
869:Composition/ information on ingredients
437:in adult males and females, as well as
1810:
1808:
1806:
690:Language differences around the world;
463:includes severe acute effects such as
450:Specific target organ toxicity (STOT)
2299:"GHS: A Short Acronym for a Big Idea"
2205:Fagotto, Elena; Fung, Archon (2003),
1862:. European Commission. Archived from
1371:
1369:
1367:
889:Exposure control/ personal protection
246:Self-reactive substances and mixtures
141:United Nations Dangerous Goods System
7:
1587:"Understanding The GHS SDS Sections"
1493:"GHS pictograms - Transport - UNECE"
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1193:Health and Safety Executive (n.d.).
2158:(in Spanish). IMPO. 13 October 2011
1950:"GHS Implementation in Philippines"
2211:Issues in Science & Technology
998:Canada: GHS was incorporated into
786:: Measures to minimize or prevent
25:
1903:"Diario Oficial de la Federación"
1727:"Implementation of GHS in Brazil"
769:: Standard phrases assigned to a
93:International Labour Organization
2052:from the original on 2016-08-07.
1822:from the original on 2016-04-13.
949:Current training procedures for
892:Physical and chemical properties
624:The GHS generally defers to the
2184:from the original on 2016-12-25
2178:"GHS Implementation in Vietnam"
2094:from the original on 2016-12-14
2027:from the original on 2016-12-25
2002:from the original on 2016-09-15
1960:from the original on 2016-09-15
1907:Diario Oficial de la Federación
1884:from the original on 2016-12-25
1816:"GHS in China, Korea and Japan"
1739:from the original on 2013-10-16
1680:"GHS implementation by country"
1277:from the original on 2016-11-17
792:accidental spillage or exposure
393:means a substance that induces
1382:Journal of Hazardous Materials
1:
2262:10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00200-2
1833:Wen, Theory (20 April 2023).
1402:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.035
1209:"GHS: What's Next? Visual.ly"
572:existing systems such as the
346:categories on the basis of LD
113:Hazard Communication Standard
1618:. Appendix A. Archived from
1466:. April 2011. Archived from
783:GHS precautionary statements
1658:10.1016/j.jchas.2014.10.002
1195:"UK Government HSE website"
882:Accidental release measures
101:material safety data sheets
2394:
2368:Globally Harmonized System
846:
567:Classification of mixtures
103:and easily understandable
904:Toxicological information
741:, replacing the European
1529:10.1201/9781420053852-11
1517:"Summary of 29 CFR 1910"
1082:Toxicity category rating
866:Hazard(s) identification
817:Supplemental information
664:precautionary statements
539:Chronic aquatic toxicity
481:lower respiratory system
190:chemicals under pressure
2378:International standards
2363:Chemical classification
1296:"Part 3 Health Hazards"
987:GHS adoption by country
910:Disposal considerations
811:Supplier identification
324:Desensitized explosives
274:Self-heating substances
2115:. OSHA. Archived from
2088:"Hazard Communication"
983:
916:Regulatory information
907:Ecological information
878:Fire-fighting measures
714:
439:developmental toxicity
409:Germ cell mutagenicity
391:Respiratory sensitizer
39:
2297:Smith, Sandy (2007),
1976:www.chemsafetypro.com
1709:"Hazardous chemicals"
1092:GHS hazard pictograms
981:
960:regulatory compliance
941:(OSHA) GHS guidance.
913:Transport information
766:GHS hazard statements
726:GHS hazard pictograms
712:
608:Substitute substances
492:Environmental hazards
467:, varying degrees of
430:Reproductive toxicity
382:harmonized category.
311:or otherwise combust.
139:largely based on the
119:Hazard classification
33:
2303:Occupational Hazards
1788:Government of Canada
955:emergency responders
951:hazard communication
886:Handling and storage
647:Hazard communication
620:Testing requirements
578:Directive 1999/45/EC
350:(oral, dermal) or LC
207:Gases under pressure
71:, and United States
2254:2003Toxgy.190..105O
1909:(in Spanish). 2015.
1394:2005JHzM..125...29W
753:transport pictogram
705:GHS label elements
597:bridging principles
471:or death following
316:Corrosive to metals
286:of the gas emitted.
222:are categorized by
89:Earth Summit (1992)
1758:"WHMIS Transition"
984:
896:Chemical stability
799:Product identifier
715:
465:chemical pneumonia
379:Serious eye damage
40:
2223:10.1002/pam.20160
2021:"GHS in Thailand"
1878:"GHS in Malaysia"
1538:978-0-429-14487-5
919:Other information
849:Safety data sheet
843:Safety data sheet
804:chemical identity
660:hazard statements
461:Aspiration hazard
305:Organic peroxides
219:Flammable liquids
166:standard pressure
16:(Redirected from
2385:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2310:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2272:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2225:, archived from
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2068:www.jjkeller.com
2060:
2054:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1927:. Archived from
1917:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:. March 27, 2023
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1760:. Archived from
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1711:. Archived from
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1589:. Archived from
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1428:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1373:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1238:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1197:. UK Government.
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1169:
1161:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1107:
824:GHS label format
739:exclamation mark
590:ecotoxicological
505:aquatic organism
500:aquatic toxicity
469:pulmonary injury
395:hypersensitivity
299:Oxidizing solids
238:, and ignitable
231:Flammable solids
131:Physical hazards
21:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2373:Hazard analysis
2358:Chemical safety
2348:
2347:
2334:
2322:
2320:
2313:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2285:on July 2, 2007
2275:
2248:(1–2): 105–15,
2239:
2232:
2230:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2046:"GHS in Turkey"
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1996:"GHS in Taiwan"
1994:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1972:"GHS in Russia"
1970:
1969:
1965:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1689:. November 2023
1682:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1567:. February 2012
1560:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1473:on 11 June 2016
1470:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1375:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1068:
989:
968:
947:
922:
856:risk management
851:
845:
826:
788:adverse effects
732:, physical and
707:
681:GHS Purple Book
649:
622:
610:
569:
560:bioaccumulation
553:
550:(crustacea) ErC
549:
545:
526:
518:
510:
494:
419:Carcinogenicity
399:Skin sensitizer
364:Skin irritation
353:
349:
334:
158:Flammable gases
133:
121:
81:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2332:External links
2330:
2329:
2328:
2311:
2294:
2273:
2237:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2180:. 2016-01-05.
2169:
2147:
2122:
2119:on 2016-11-29.
2104:
2079:
2055:
2037:
2012:
1987:
1963:
1941:
1925:www.nexreg.com
1912:
1894:
1869:
1866:on 2012-04-14.
1851:
1825:
1802:
1774:
1749:
1718:
1715:on 2012-11-16.
1700:
1671:
1632:
1603:
1578:
1549:
1537:
1508:
1484:
1446:
1415:
1388:(1–3): 29–44.
1363:
1342:
1331:. May 31, 1999
1316:
1287:
1262:
1224:
1200:
1185:
1151:
1126:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
996:
993:
988:
985:
972:United Nations
967:
966:Implementation
964:
946:
943:
931:European Union
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
893:
890:
887:
884:
879:
876:
870:
867:
864:
863:Identification
860:
847:Main article:
844:
841:
825:
822:
821:
820:
814:
808:
795:
775:
774:
762:
756:
706:
703:
702:
701:
694:
691:
688:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
656:
648:
645:
621:
618:
609:
606:
605:
604:
600:
593:
574:European Union
568:
565:
564:
563:
551:
547:
543:
536:
533:aquatic plants
524:
516:
508:
493:
490:
489:
488:
458:
447:
426:
416:
406:
388:
384:Eye irritation
376:
358:Skin corrosion
355:
351:
347:
339:Acute toxicity
333:
332:Health hazards
330:
329:
328:
320:
312:
302:
296:
287:
277:
271:
262:
253:
243:
227:
215:
203:
194:
181:
180:
179:
176:
173:
168:of 101.3 kPa,
154:
137:hazard classes
132:
129:
120:
117:
80:
77:
69:CLP Regulation
65:European Union
61:UN Secretariat
52:United Nations
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2390:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:About the GHS
2336:
2335:
2331:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2229:on 2009-01-29
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1954:ChemSafetyPRO
1951:
1945:
1942:
1931:on 2017-10-18
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1764:on 2018-11-29
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1622:on 2007-07-02
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1593:on 2019-12-26
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1498:
1497:www.unece.org
1494:
1488:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1435:. 7 July 2004
1434:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1174:. OSHA, U.S.A
1173:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1116:
1115:www.unece.org
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
990:
986:
980:
976:
973:
965:
963:
961:
956:
952:
944:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
901:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
859:
857:
850:
842:
840:
838:
833:
831:
823:
818:
815:
812:
809:
805:
801:
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
784:
780:
779:
778:
772:
768:
767:
763:
760:
757:
754:
750:
749:
744:
740:
735:
734:environmental
731:
727:
723:
720:
719:
718:
711:
704:
699:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
684:
682:
674:
671:
668:
665:
661:
657:
654:
653:
652:
646:
644:
642:
639:
634:
631:
627:
619:
617:
615:
607:
601:
598:
594:
591:
587:
586:toxicological
583:
582:
581:
579:
575:
566:
561:
557:
540:
537:
534:
530:
522:
514:
506:
502:
501:
496:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
445:
440:
436:
432:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
385:
380:
377:
374:
370:
366:
365:
359:
356:
354:(inhalation).
345:
341:
340:
336:
335:
331:
326:
325:
321:
318:
317:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
292:
288:
285:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
260:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
241:
240:metal powders
237:
233:
232:
228:
225:
221:
220:
216:
213:
209:
208:
204:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:
182:
177:
174:
171:
167:
163:
162:
160:
159:
155:
151:
150:
146:
145:
144:
142:
138:
130:
128:
126:
118:
116:
114:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
78:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
2321:, retrieved
2315:
2306:
2302:
2287:, retrieved
2283:the original
2277:
2245:
2241:
2231:, retrieved
2227:the original
2214:
2210:
2199:Bibliography
2186:. Retrieved
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2150:
2139:. Retrieved
2137:. 2017-03-31
2134:
2125:
2117:the original
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2082:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:
2058:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2015:
2004:. Retrieved
1990:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1953:
1944:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1886:. Retrieved
1872:
1864:the original
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:
1828:
1793:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1721:
1713:the original
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1686:
1674:
1652:(2): 23–31.
1649:
1645:
1635:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:the original
1616:www.osha.gov
1615:
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:the original
1581:
1571:November 30,
1569:. Retrieved
1564:
1552:
1542:, retrieved
1520:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1461:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1430:
1418:
1385:
1381:
1355:. Retrieved
1345:
1335:November 30,
1333:. Retrieved
1328:
1319:
1309:30 September
1307:. Retrieved
1302:
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:November 30,
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1216:. Retrieved
1212:
1203:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1171:
1144:November 30,
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
969:
948:
923:
852:
834:
827:
816:
810:
797:
781:
776:
771:hazard class
764:
758:
746:
721:
716:
678:
650:
641:test methods
635:
623:
611:
570:
538:
497:
460:
454:Target Organ
449:
428:
418:
408:
398:
390:
383:
378:
362:
357:
337:
322:
314:
304:
298:
289:
284:ignitability
279:
273:
264:
255:
245:
229:
224:flammability
217:
205:
196:
189:
183:
156:
147:
134:
122:
109:
86:
82:
47:
43:
41:
1432:www.epa.gov
1251:. July 2023
1178:15 November
759:Signal word
556:degradation
153:categories.
95:(ILO), the
91:, when the
75:standards.
57:UN numbered
2352:Categories
2242:Toxicology
2233:2009-03-08
2188:2023-11-13
2141:2017-10-18
2098:2023-11-13
2073:2017-10-18
2031:2023-11-13
2006:2023-11-13
1981:2017-10-18
1935:2017-10-18
1888:2023-11-13
1844:12 January
1839:ChemLinked
1795:August 15,
1768:2018-11-29
1743:2023-11-13
1693:12 January
1626:2015-06-18
1597:2017-02-25
1544:2023-11-30
1502:2015-06-19
1477:12 January
1439:12 January
1357:2023-11-13
1281:2015-11-06
1218:2015-06-19
1120:2017-10-18
1098:References
1000:WHMIS 2015
900:reactivity
751:. Where a
728:): Convey
698:pictograms
546:(fish), EC
521:crustacean
473:aspiration
403:sensitizer
266:Pyrophoric
257:Pyrophoric
170:pyrophoric
149:Explosives
125:pictograms
2217:(2): 63,
1687:unece.org
1666:1871-5532
1213:visual.ly
1087:UN number
873:First-aid
830:pictogram
531:or other
485:viscosity
444:Lactation
435:fertility
413:mutations
373:pesticide
291:Oxidizing
198:Oxidizing
36:pictogram
2323:July 13,
2289:July 13,
2270:12909402
2182:Archived
2135:CPSC.gov
2092:Archived
2090:. OSHA.
2050:Archived
2025:Archived
2000:Archived
1958:archived
1956:, 2016,
1882:Archived
1820:Archived
1734:Archived
1410:16039045
1275:Archived
1072:ISO 7010
1066:See also
945:Training
875:measures
603:mixture.
523:) or ErC
369:irritant
344:toxicity
236:friction
185:Aerosols
2250:Bibcode
2162:10 June
1390:Bibcode
1329:EUR-Lex
743:saltire
722:Symbols
515:) or EC
477:trachea
309:explode
293:liquids
259:liquids
212:explode
193:hazard.
105:symbols
79:History
2309:(5): 6
2268:
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1408:
1049:Brexit
1003:(GHS).
730:health
584:Where
498:Acute
423:cancer
268:solids
1737:(PDF)
1730:(PDF)
1683:(PDF)
1561:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1458:(PDF)
1427:(PDF)
1299:(PDF)
1245:(PDF)
1168:(PDF)
1010:year.
658:with
529:algae
527:(for
200:gases
2325:2007
2291:2007
2266:PMID
2164:2018
1846:2024
1797:2024
1695:2024
1662:ISSN
1573:2023
1533:ISBN
1479:2024
1463:ECHA
1441:2024
1406:PMID
1337:2023
1311:2017
1257:2023
1180:2018
1146:2023
1077:NFPA
1029:GHS.
970:The
935:ANSI
933:and
898:and
662:and
630:OECD
628:and
513:fish
479:and
188:and
42:The
34:The
2258:doi
2246:190
2219:doi
1654:doi
1525:doi
1398:doi
1386:125
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927:ISO
588:or
558:or
250:air
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