126:
363:(glassy) calcite, with typically globular chambers and single interiomarginal aperture. Some however have multiple or auxiliary apertures, and in some the aperture is areal or terminal in location. Some, also, have keels, reinforcing thickenings along exterior angles. An adaptation to the planktonic habit is the development of long narrow spines that support a frothy buoyant ectoplasm.
113:
782:
338:
period onwards. The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 species, of which about 30 species are extant. One of the most important genera is
775:
800:
827:
2003:
861:
856:
940:
930:
913:
771:
125:
359:
Globigerinids are characterized by distinctly perforate planispiral or trochospiral tests composed of lamellar radial
754:
742:
761:
945:
2031:
1917:
820:
615:
1990:
908:
767:
697:
657:
544:
513:
1847:
1766:
493:
376:
255:
231:
717:
677:
525:
503:
453:
385:
263:
2008:
1749:
1572:
788:
605:
553:
472:
463:
443:
287:
1852:
1761:
1755:
1562:
1333:
1208:
1050:
647:
625:
414:
405:
295:
1836:
1301:
1102:
707:
635:
573:
1795:
1705:
1658:
1567:
1218:
1213:
994:
667:
2036:
1955:
925:
903:
891:
866:
481:
434:
120:
1995:
1055:
1097:
999:
1977:
1964:
1605:
1321:
1316:
1276:
1172:
935:
898:
886:
876:
813:
534:
348:
1982:
1883:
1700:
1479:
1236:
850:
585:
425:
279:
247:
1887:
1424:
594:
396:
239:
1842:
1653:
1557:
1286:
1162:
1022:
978:
881:
687:
564:
331:
271:
163:
150:
2025:
1743:
1715:
1531:
1328:
1228:
1042:
1027:
760:
Cushman Joseph A 1950 Foraminifera, their classification and economic use (4th ed)
193:
70:
1969:
1866:
1784:
1723:
1695:
1676:
1665:
1647:
1638:
1628:
1464:
1429:
1416:
1406:
1311:
1296:
1291:
1281:
1263:
1149:
1139:
1074:
1017:
1009:
351:(named by Murray and Renard in 1873), dominated by the shells of planktonic forms.
317:
183:
1949:
1738:
1733:
1600:
1595:
1582:
1474:
1434:
1032:
340:
45:
1940:
1875:
1801:
1685:
1590:
1549:
1539:
1521:
1469:
1444:
1439:
1271:
1241:
1195:
1177:
1167:
328:
90:
55:
17:
1728:
1690:
1393:
1203:
1120:
203:
137:
95:
805:
1934:
1895:
1891:
1789:
1401:
1376:
1112:
967:
920:
836:
371:
The
Globigerinina are now divided into these superfamilies and families:
335:
321:
313:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
112:
1879:
1505:
360:
325:
173:
100:
75:
1899:
1911:
1915:
809:
774:, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida;
745:, World Foraminifera Database, accessed 27 November 2018
1924:
1826:
1775:
1714:
1675:
1637:
1626:
1581:
1548:
1530:
1519:
1502:
1457:
1415:
1392:
1385:
1374:
1262:
1227:
1194:
1148:
1137:
1111:
1090:
1083:
1072:
1041:
1008:
987:
977:
964:
344:; vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with
821:
8:
753:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Globigerina".
1912:
1634:
1623:
1527:
1516:
1512:
1499:
1389:
1382:
1371:
1259:
1224:
1191:
1155:
1145:
1134:
1087:
1080:
1069:
984:
974:
961:
828:
814:
806:
111:
31:
735:
757:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press
801:Protists and the Origin of Eukaryotes
776:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
229:
7:
334:, and are known as fossils from the
789:Systematics of Modern Foraminifera
27:Suborder of single-celled organisms
783:Classification of the Foraminifera
418:Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
25:
124:
1:
721:BouDagher-Fadel et al., 2012
661:Boudagher-Fadel et al., 1997
691:Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
681:Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
485:Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
267:Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957
218:Delage & Hérouard, 1896
2053:
764:, Cambridge, Massachusetts
557:Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957
529:Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957
367:Superfamilies and families
1861:
1622:
1515:
1498:
1370:
1258:
1190:
1158:
1133:
1068:
960:
844:
409:Carpenter & al., 1862
320:that are found as marine
228:
223:
121:Scientific classification
119:
110:
34:
787:Sen Gupta B. K. 1992.
762:Harvard University Press
701:Banner & Desai, 1988
755:Encyclopædia Britannica
243:Carpenter et al., 1862
400:Carpenter et al., 1862
1991:Paleobiology Database
629:Bolli & al., 1957
538:Bolli & al., 1957
447:Bolli & al., 1957
778:, part C Protista 2.
616:Globigerinelloididae
1874:organization type:
291:Bolli et al., 1957
1508:
1504:
768:Loeblich, A. R. Jr
698:Praehedbergellidae
658:Conoglobigerinidae
609:Bolli et al., 1957
545:Chiloguembelinidae
514:Rugoglobigerinidae
482:Truncorotaloididae
2019:
2018:
1978:Open Tree of Life
1918:Taxon identifiers
1909:
1908:
1892:heliozoan amoebae
1884:amoeboflagellates
1848:Labyrinthomyxidae
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1767:Globigerinitoidea
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1453:
1452:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1277:Phaeogymnocellida
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1186:
1185:
1173:Paracercomonadida
1129:
1128:
1064:
1063:
722:
712:
702:
692:
682:
672:
662:
652:
640:
630:
620:
610:
599:
590:
578:
569:
558:
549:
539:
535:Cassigerinellidae
530:
518:
508:
498:
494:Globotruncanoidea
486:
477:
468:
458:
448:
439:
430:
419:
410:
401:
390:
381:
377:Globigerinitoidea
306:
305:
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
256:Globotruncanoidea
252:
244:
236:
232:Globigerinitoidea
219:
16:(Redirected from
2044:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1973:
1972:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1913:
1701:Silicoloculinida
1635:
1631:
1624:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1480:Plasmodiophorida
1390:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1260:
1237:Thaumatomonadida
1225:
1192:
1156:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1070:
985:
975:
971:
962:
873:
853:
830:
823:
816:
807:
781:___—____, 1988.
746:
740:
720:
718:Sphaerogerinidae
710:
700:
690:
680:
678:Globuligerinidae
670:
660:
650:
638:
628:
618:
608:
597:
588:
586:Heterohelicoidea
576:
567:
556:
547:
537:
528:
526:Guembelitrioidea
516:
506:
504:Globotruncanidae
496:
484:
475:
466:
456:
454:Eoglobigerinidae
446:
437:
428:
426:Globorotalioidea
417:
408:
399:
388:
386:Globigerinitidae
379:
324:. They produce
298:
290:
282:
280:Heterohelicoidea
274:
266:
264:Guembelitrioidea
258:
250:
248:Globorotalioidea
242:
234:
217:
129:
128:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1888:testate amoebae
1857:
1806:
1771:
1750:Globotruncanida
1710:
1671:
1627:
1610:
1577:
1573:Symphyacanthida
1544:
1520:
1503:
1486:
1449:
1425:Claustrosporida
1411:
1375:
1338:
1246:
1223:
1182:
1138:
1125:
1107:
1073:
1060:
1037:
1004:
965:
956:
955:
871:
849:
840:
834:
797:
750:
749:
741:
737:
732:
606:Planomalinoidea
595:Heterohelicidae
554:Guembelitriidae
517:Subbotina, 1959
473:Pulleniatinidae
464:Globorotaliidae
444:Catapsydracidae
397:Globigerinoidea
369:
357:
288:Planomalinoidea
240:Globigerinoidea
235:Bermúdez, 1961
216:
123:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
41:Toarcian–Recent
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1987:
1974:
1961:
1946:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1896:sporozoan-like
1872:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1853:Rhizoplasmidae
1850:
1845:
1843:Gymnosphaerida
1840:
1832:
1830:
1828:Incertae sedis
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1777:Incertae sedis
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:Guembelitriida
1758:
1756:Heterohelicida
1752:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1654:Xenophyophorea
1651:
1644:
1642:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Chaunocanthida
1560:
1558:Arthracanthida
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1510:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1334:Ventricleftida
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1287:Phaeosphaerida
1284:
1279:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1209:Spongomonadida
1206:
1200:
1198:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1163:Glissomonadida
1159:
1153:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1051:Chlorarachnida
1047:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Desmothoracida
1020:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
982:
979:Reticulofilosa
972:
958:
957:
954:
953:
952:
951:
950:
949:
946:Mesomycetozoea
943:
938:
928:
918:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
895:
894:
882:Diaphoretickes
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
846:
845:
842:
841:
839:classification
835:
833:
832:
825:
818:
810:
804:
803:
796:
795:External links
793:
792:
791:
785:
779:
765:
758:
748:
747:
734:
733:
731:
728:
727:
726:
725:
724:
714:
704:
694:
688:Hedbergellidae
684:
674:
664:
648:Rotaliporoidea
644:
643:
642:
632:
626:Planomalinidae
622:
619:Longoria, 1974
602:
601:
600:
582:
581:
580:
565:Hantkeninoidea
561:
560:
559:
550:
541:
522:
521:
520:
510:
490:
489:
488:
478:
469:
460:
450:
440:
422:
421:
420:
415:Hastigerinidae
411:
406:Globigerinidae
393:
392:
391:
389:Bermúdez, 1961
380:Bermúdez, 1961
368:
365:
356:
353:
318:foraminiferans
304:
303:
302:
301:
296:Rotaliporoidea
293:
285:
283:Cushman, 1927
277:
275:Cushman, 1927
272:Hantkeninoidea
269:
261:
259:Brotzen, 1942
253:
251:Cushman, 1927
245:
237:
226:
225:
224:Superfamilies
221:
220:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
154:
153:
151:Diaphoretickes
148:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2049:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Globigerinina
2030:
2029:
2027:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1956:Globigerinina
1951:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1926:Globigerinina
1923:
1919:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:Globigerinida
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1716:Globothalamea
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1532:Sticholonchea
1529:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Tectofilosida
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:Phaeoconchida
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1229:Silicofilosea
1226:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1178:Cercomonadida
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1103:Metromonadida
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1043:Chlorarachnea
1040:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Leucodictyida
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
986:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
963:
959:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
919:
915:
912:
910:
909:Stramenopiles
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:(major groups
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
843:
838:
831:
826:
824:
819:
817:
812:
811:
808:
802:
799:
798:
794:
790:
786:
784:
780:
777:
773:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
752:
751:
744:
739:
736:
729:
719:
715:
709:
708:Rotaliporidae
705:
699:
695:
689:
685:
679:
675:
671:Michael, 1973
669:
665:
659:
655:
654:
649:
645:
639:Pokorny, 1958
637:
636:Schackoinidae
633:
627:
623:
617:
613:
612:
607:
603:
598:Cushman, 1927
596:
592:
591:
589:Cushman, 1927
587:
583:
577:Cushman, 1927
575:
574:Hantkeninidae
571:
570:
568:Cushman, 1927
566:
562:
555:
551:
546:
542:
536:
532:
531:
527:
523:
515:
511:
507:Brotzen, 1942
505:
501:
500:
497:Brotzen, 1942
495:
491:
483:
479:
476:Cushman, 1927
474:
470:
467:Cushman, 1927
465:
461:
455:
451:
445:
441:
438:Cushman, 1927
436:
432:
431:
429:Cushman, 1927
427:
423:
416:
412:
407:
403:
402:
398:
394:
387:
383:
382:
378:
374:
373:
372:
366:
364:
362:
354:
352:
350:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Globigerinina
297:
294:
289:
286:
281:
278:
273:
270:
265:
262:
257:
254:
249:
246:
241:
238:
233:
230:
227:
222:
215:
214:Globigerinina
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:Globothalamea
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
35:Globigerinina
33:
30:
19:
18:Globigerinida
1925:
1867:paraphyletic
1837:Lapot gusevi
1835:
1827:
1796:Heterogromia
1794:
1785:Involutinida
1776:
1724:Textulariida
1706:Ammodiscidae
1696:Spirillinida
1677:Tubothalamea
1666:Reticulomyxa
1664:
1659:Astrorhizida
1648:Allogromiida
1639:Monothalamea
1629:Foraminifera
1583:Polycystinea
1568:Holocanthida
1465:Vampyrellida
1430:Haplosporida
1417:Ascetosporea
1407:Reticulosida
1312:Cryomonadida
1297:Phaeogromida
1292:Phaeocalpida
1282:Phaeocystida
1264:Thecofilosea
1219:Variglissida
1214:Marimonadida
1150:Sarcomonadea
1140:Ventrifilosa
1091:Metromonadea
1075:Monadofilosa
1018:Cryptofilida
1010:Granofilosea
995:Aquavolonida
931:Opisthokonta
738:
668:Favusellidae
646:superfamily
604:superfamily
584:superfamily
563:superfamily
524:superfamily
492:superfamily
424:superfamily
395:superfamily
375:superfamily
370:
358:
345:
339:
309:
307:
213:
184:Foraminifera
157:
144:
29:
1950:Wikispecies
1900:fungus-like
1876:flagellates
1739:Carterinida
1734:Robertinida
1601:Spumellaria
1596:Nassellaria
1475:Phagomyxida
1458:Proteomyxia
1435:Mikrocytida
1033:Limnofilida
988:Skiomonadea
711:Sigal, 1958
651:Sigal, 1958
548:Reiss, 1963
435:Candeinidae
355:Description
346:Globigerina
341:Globigerina
299:Sigal, 1958
180:Subphylum:
2026:Categories
1802:Komokiacea
1686:Fusulinida
1591:Collodaria
1550:Acantharea
1540:Taxopodida
1522:Radiolaria
1470:Phytomyxea
1445:Paramyxida
1440:Paradinida
1272:Phaeodarea
1242:Euglyphida
1196:Imbricatea
1168:Katabiidae
1056:Minorisida
730:References
457:Blow, 1979
329:calcareous
210:Suborder:
2037:Rotaliida
1729:Rotaliida
1691:Miliolida
1394:Gromiidea
1386:Marimyxia
1308:Eothecia
1204:Krakenida
1121:Helkesida
1098:Metopiida
1000:Tremulida
926:Amoebozoa
904:Alveolata
892:Cryptista
867:Eukaryota
772:H. Tappan
743:Rotaliida
204:Rotaliida
138:Eukaryota
1941:Q8964261
1935:Wikidata
1871:†extinct
1790:Lagenida
1606:Orodaria
1402:Gromiida
1377:Endomyxa
1322:Matazida
1317:Ebriacea
1113:Helkesea
1084:Eoglissa
968:Cercozoa
921:Amorphea
899:Rhizaria
887:Hacrobia
877:Excavata
862:Bacteria
837:Rhizaria
336:Jurassic
322:plankton
314:suborder
170:Phylum:
134:Domain:
1983:5654624
1880:amoebae
1506:Retaria
936:Animals
857:Archaea
716:family
706:family
696:family
686:family
676:family
666:family
656:family
634:family
624:family
614:family
593:family
572:family
552:family
543:family
533:family
512:family
502:family
480:family
471:family
462:family
452:family
442:family
433:family
413:family
404:family
384:family
361:hyaline
326:hyaline
200:Order:
190:Class:
174:Retaria
2009:414700
1996:112183
970:
966:
914:Plants
851:Domain
2004:WoRMS
1970:7ZSVC
941:Fungi
332:tests
312:is a
158:Clade
145:Clade
770:and
349:ooze
308:The
46:PreꞒ
1965:CoL
316:of
164:SAR
2028::
2006::
1993::
1980::
1967::
1952::
1937::
1898:;
1894:;
1890:;
1886:;
1882:;
1878:;
653:†
611:†
499:†
160::
147::
96:Pg
1902:.
1865:*
1760:†
1754:†
1748:†
1684:†
1661:*
1650:*
1641:*
1152:*
981:*
948:)
829:e
822:t
815:v
723:†
713:†
703:†
693:†
683:†
673:†
663:†
641:†
631:†
621:†
579:†
540:†
519:†
509:†
487:†
459:†
449:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
