871:
135:
Gloger's rule is also vividly demonstrated among human populations. Populations that evolved in sunnier environments closer to the equator tend to be darker-pigmented than populations originating farther from the equator. There are exceptions, however; among the most well known are the
93:. Feathers in humid environments have a greater bacterial load, and humid environments are more suitable for microbial growth; dark feathers or hair are more difficult to break down. More resilient
144:, who have darker skin than might be expected from their native latitudes. In the first case, this is apparently an adaptation to the extremely high UV radiation on the
116:
regions to have a darker skin color than poleward relatives. In this case, the underlying cause is probably the need to better protect against the more intense solar
488:
Lai, Yung-Chih; Shiroishi, Toshihiko; Moriwaki, Kazuo; Motokawa, Masaharu; Yu, Hon-Tsen (March 2008). "Variation of coat color in house mice throughout Asia".
87:
One explanation of Gloger's rule in the case of birds appears to be the increased resistance of dark feathers to feather- or hair-degrading bacteria such as
543:
422:
384:
334:
471:
360:
288:
54:
616:
148:, whereas in the second case, the necessity to absorb UV radiation is alleviated by the Inuit's diet, which is naturally rich in
720:
Genes increase in frequency when relatedness of recipient to actor times benefit to recipient exceeds reproductive cost to actor
845:
536:
80:(1811). Gloger found that birds in more humid habitats tended to be darker than their relatives from regions with higher
917:
120:
at lower latitudes. However, absorption of a certain amount of UV radiation is necessary for the production of certain
927:
745:
885:
750:
The correlation between the size of an animal and its diet quality; larger animals can consume lower quality diet
529:
855:
414:
790:
Sexual size dimorphism increases with size when males are larger, decreases with size when females are larger
89:
810:
A population at limit of tolerance in one aspect is vulnerable to small differences in any other aspect
800:
Groups evolve from character variation in primitive species to a fixed character state in advanced ones
646:
449:
255:
34:
765:
459:
376:
606:
490:
314:
280:
73:
42:
870:
775:
705:
586:
454:
407:
166:
825:
805:
740:
In cladistics, the most primitive species are found in earliest, central, part of group's area
695:
660:
626:
576:
507:
467:
436:
428:
418:
390:
380:
365:"§. 5. Abänderungsweise der einzelnen, einer Veränderung durch das Klima unterworfenen Farben"
348:
340:
330:
272:
922:
785:
755:
725:
664:
656:
552:
499:
402:
264:
69:
835:
145:
636:
566:
247:
161:
319:
815:
795:
675:
596:
306:
137:
97:(dark brown to black) are deposited in hot and humid regions, whereas in arid regions,
364:
911:
893:
715:
503:
326:
248:"Gloger's Rule, feather-degrading bacteria, and color variation among Song Sparrows"
735:
310:
284:
129:
117:
38:
17:
850:
Embryos start from a common form and develop into increasingly specialised forms
98:
58:
760:
Inverse relationship between water temperature and no. of fin rays, vertebrae
511:
394:
276:
352:
149:
125:
94:
440:
84:. Over 90% of 52 North American bird species studies conform to this rule.
860:
Parts in an organism become reduced in number and specialized in function
670:
Small species get larger, large species smaller, after colonizing islands
113:
897:
Large ectothermic animals more easily maintain constant body temperature
121:
102:
65:
50:
455:"Evolutionary Processes and Patterns of Geographic Variation in Birds"
109:
413:. Translated by Epstein, Hans J.; Epstein, Cathleen. Cambridge, MA:
830:
No. of eggs of benthic marine invertebrates decreases with latitude
521:
344:
141:
57:, who first remarked upon this phenomenon in 1833 in a review of
46:
268:
432:
81:
62:
700:
Hybrid sexes that are absent, rare, or sterile, are heterogamic
525:
641:
Insect social parasites are often in same genus as their hosts
72:
later noted that the idea had been expressed even earlier by
101:(reddish to sandy color) predominate due to the benefit of
840:
Probability of extinction of a group is constant over time
820:
The top of an animals coloration is darker than the bottom
466:. Vol. 4. New York, NY: Plenum Press. pp. 1–69.
770:
Birds lay only as many eggs as they can provide food for
373:
The
Evolution of Birds Through the Impact of Climate
878:
559:
230:
453:
406:
318:
730:An animals metabolic rate decreases with its size
369:Das Abändern der Vögel durch Einfluss des Klimas
169:– correlating latitude with body mass in animals
112:, there is a marked tendency in equatorial and
889:Where genetics opposes environment as a factor
651:Host and parasite phylogenies become congruent
246:Burtt, Edward H. Jr.; Ichida, Jann M. (2004).
537:
8:
690:Lighter coloration in colder, drier climates
405:(August 1975). Cottrell, G. William (ed.).
219:
710:Parasites co-vary in size with their hosts
544:
530:
522:
409:Ornithology: from Aristotle to the present
208:
197:
780:Latitudinal range increases with latitude
179:
621:Loss of complex traits is irreversible
186:
37:which states that within a species of
571:Shorter appendages in colder climates
7:
680:Complete competitors cannot coexist
581:Extra limbs mirror their neighbours
53:. It was named after the zoologist
27:Ecogeographical rule for endotherms
631:Parasites co-vary with their hosts
361:Gloger, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert
25:
611:Larger bodies in deep-sea animals
231:Ember, Ember & Peregrine 2002
55:Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger
869:
591:Larger bodies in colder climates
504:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00382.x
294:from the original on 2012-11-20
45:forms tend to be found in more
1:
375:] (in German). Breslau:
49:environments, e.g. near the
601:Bodies get larger over time
944:
886:Countergradient variation
867:
736:Hennig's progression rule
78:Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica
415:Harvard University Press
220:Burtt & Ichida 2004
209:Zink & Remsen 1986
90:Bacillus licheniformis
746:Jarman–Bell principle
498:(3). Wiley: 270–276.
460:Johnston, Richard F.
450:Remsen, James V. Jr.
35:ecogeographical rule
918:Ecogeographic rules
464:Current Ornithology
315:Peregrine, Peter N.
928:Animal coat colors
806:Schmalhausen's law
607:Deep-sea gigantism
491:Journal of Zoology
379:. pp. 11–24.
74:Peter Simon Pallas
18:Gloger's Rule
905:
904:
661:Insular gigantism
647:Fahrenholz's rule
448:Zink, Robert M.;
424:978-0-674-64485-4
403:Stresemann, Erwin
386:978-3-8364-2744-9
336:978-0-13-091836-9
325:(10th ed.).
16:(Redirected from
935:
898:
890:
873:
862:
861:
852:
851:
842:
841:
832:
831:
822:
821:
812:
811:
802:
801:
792:
791:
782:
781:
772:
771:
766:Lack's principle
762:
761:
752:
751:
742:
741:
732:
731:
722:
721:
712:
711:
702:
701:
692:
691:
682:
681:
672:
671:
665:Insular dwarfism
653:
652:
643:
642:
633:
632:
623:
622:
613:
612:
603:
602:
593:
592:
583:
582:
573:
572:
553:Biological rules
546:
539:
532:
523:
515:
477:
457:
444:
412:
398:
356:
324:
302:
300:
299:
293:
252:
233:
228:
222:
217:
211:
206:
200:
195:
189:
184:
70:Erwin Stresemann
21:
943:
942:
938:
937:
936:
934:
933:
932:
908:
907:
906:
901:
896:
888:
874:
865:
859:
858:
856:Williston's law
849:
848:
846:von Baer's laws
839:
838:
836:Van Valen's law
829:
828:
819:
818:
809:
808:
799:
798:
789:
788:
779:
778:
776:Rapoport's rule
769:
768:
759:
758:
749:
748:
739:
738:
729:
728:
719:
718:
716:Hamilton's rule
709:
708:
706:Harrison's rule
699:
698:
689:
688:
679:
678:
669:
668:
650:
649:
640:
639:
630:
629:
620:
619:
610:
609:
600:
599:
590:
589:
587:Bergmann's rule
580:
579:
570:
569:
555:
550:
519:
487:
484:
482:Further reading
474:
447:
425:
401:
387:
359:
337:
307:Ember, Carol R.
305:
297:
295:
291:
250:
245:
242:
237:
236:
229:
225:
218:
214:
207:
203:
198:Stresemann 1975
196:
192:
185:
181:
176:
167:Bergmann's rule
158:
146:Tibetan Plateau
61:of climate and
41:, more heavily
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
941:
939:
931:
930:
925:
920:
910:
909:
903:
902:
900:
899:
891:
882:
880:
876:
875:
868:
866:
864:
863:
853:
843:
833:
826:Thorson's rule
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
753:
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
696:Haldane's rule
693:
683:
673:
654:
644:
634:
627:Eichler's rule
624:
614:
604:
594:
584:
577:Bateson's rule
574:
563:
561:
557:
556:
551:
549:
548:
541:
534:
526:
517:
516:
483:
480:
479:
478:
472:
445:
423:
417:. p. 70.
399:
385:
357:
335:
303:
263:(3): 681–686.
241:
238:
235:
234:
223:
212:
201:
190:
178:
177:
175:
172:
171:
170:
164:
157:
154:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
940:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
895:
894:Gigantothermy
892:
887:
884:
883:
881:
877:
872:
857:
854:
847:
844:
837:
834:
827:
824:
817:
814:
807:
804:
797:
794:
787:
786:Rensch's rule
784:
777:
774:
767:
764:
757:
756:Jordan's rule
754:
747:
744:
737:
734:
727:
726:Kleiber's law
724:
717:
714:
707:
704:
697:
694:
687:
686:Gloger's rule
684:
677:
674:
666:
662:
658:
657:Foster's rule
655:
648:
645:
638:
635:
628:
625:
618:
615:
608:
605:
598:
595:
588:
585:
578:
575:
568:
565:
564:
562:
558:
554:
547:
542:
540:
535:
533:
528:
527:
524:
520:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:
486:
485:
481:
475:
473:0-306-42352-9
469:
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461:
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446:
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438:
434:
430:
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420:
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411:
410:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
382:
378:
377:August Schulz
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
332:
328:
327:Prentice Hall
323:
322:
316:
312:
311:Ember, Melvin
308:
304:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
249:
244:
243:
239:
232:
227:
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216:
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210:
205:
202:
199:
194:
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188:
183:
180:
173:
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159:
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147:
143:
139:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Gloger's rule
19:
816:Thayer's law
685:
637:Emery's rule
567:Allen's rule
518:
495:
489:
463:
408:
372:
368:
321:Anthropology
320:
296:. Retrieved
269:10.1650/7383
260:
254:
226:
215:
204:
193:
182:
162:Allen's rule
134:
130:osteomalacia
118:UV radiation
107:
99:pheomelanins
88:
86:
77:
30:
29:
796:Rosa's rule
676:Gause's law
617:Dollo's law
597:Cope's rule
187:Gloger 1833
59:covariation
912:Categories
345:2001033927
298:2007-11-24
256:The Condor
174:References
128:(see also
124:, notably
95:eumelanins
39:endotherms
512:0952-8369
395:166097356
277:0010-5422
150:vitamin D
126:vitamin D
43:pigmented
452:(1986).
433:74025035
363:(1833).
353:47018472
317:(2002).
289:Archived
156:See also
138:Tibetans
122:vitamins
114:tropical
923:Zoology
879:Related
462:(ed.).
441:1499768
285:5857742
240:Sources
110:mammals
103:crypsis
82:aridity
68:color.
66:plumage
51:equator
510:
470:
439:
431:
421:
393:
383:
351:
343:
333:
283:
275:
108:Among
33:is an
560:Rules
458:. In
371:[
292:(PDF)
281:S2CID
251:(PDF)
142:Inuit
63:avian
47:humid
508:ISSN
468:ISBN
437:OCLC
429:LCCN
419:ISBN
391:OCLC
381:ISBN
349:OCLC
341:LCCN
331:ISBN
273:ISSN
140:and
500:doi
496:274
265:doi
261:106
132:).
76:in
914::
667:)
663:,
506:.
494:.
435:.
427:.
389:.
367:.
347:.
339:.
329:.
313:;
309:;
287:.
279:.
271:.
259:.
253:.
152:.
105:.
659:(
545:e
538:t
531:v
514:.
502::
476:.
443:.
397:.
355:.
301:.
267::
20:)
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