20:
108:, respectively. Typically, E-series glycol ethers are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water-based paints, while P-series glycol ethers are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives. Both E- and P-series glycol ethers can be used as intermediates that undergo further chemical reactions, producing glycol diethers and glycol ether acetates. P-series glycol ethers are marketed as having lower toxicity than the E-series.
122:
214:
918:
880:
Union
Carbide later registered "Cellosolve" as a trademark for "ETHYL SILICATES FOR USE AS BINDERS IN INVESTMENT CASTINGS AND IN ZINC-RICH PRIMERS" (Reg. Number 1019768, September 9, 1975), but allowed it to
226:
In the early 1990s, studies found higher than expected rates of miscarriages among women who worked in semiconductor plants, which was traced back to glycol ethers used in the photoresist substances that coat
132:
917:
Nicola Cherry; Harry Moore; Roseanne McNamee; Allan Pacey; Gary
Burgess; Julie-Ann Clyma; Martin Dippnall; Helen Baillie; Andrew Povey (2008).
959:
857:
89:
23:
76:) for "Solvents for Gums, Resins, Cellulose Esters, and the Like". "Ethyl Cellosolve" or simply "Cellosolve" consists mainly of
85:
77:
56:
and cleaners. They have good solvent properties while having higher boiling points than the lower-molecular-weight ethers and
573:
892:
193:
630:
440:
165:
992:
816:
172:
461:
72:" was registered in 1924 as a United States trademark by Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation (a division of
529:
493:
140:
624:, also used as a solvent for polysaccharides, a reagent in organometallic chemistry and in some electrolytes of
179:
725:
151:
136:
779:
987:
161:
327:
750:
411:
298:
960:"Letter to the editor on a recent publication titled "Occupation and male infertility: glycol ethers"
666:
57:
19:
940:
863:
853:
930:
578:
386:
252:
49:
186:
967:
625:
621:
591:
353:
273:
105:
45:
223:
Most glycol ethers are water-soluble, biodegradable and only a few are considered toxic.
383:
OH), a widely used solvent in paintings and surface coatings, cleaning products and inks
234:
One study suggests that occupational exposure to glycol ethers is related to low motile
235:
228:
101:
981:
617:
81:
73:
836:
935:
867:
944:
850:
A history of lactic acid making: a chapter in the history of biotechnology
100:
Glycol ethers are designated "E-series" or "P-series" for those made from
150:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
41:
919:"Occupation and male infertility: glycol ethers and other exposures"
53:
37:
34:
18:
581:
a polyethylene glycol ether used as an emulsifier in cosmetics
115:
893:"The fight to clean up the toxic legacy of semiconductors"
80:
and was introduced as a lower-cost solvent alternative to
852:. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 251.
147:
496:(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, carbitol cellosolve, CH
88:) was introduced in 1928, and "Methyl Cellosolve" (
464:(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, methyl carbitol, CH
33:are a class of chemical compounds consisting of
238:, a finding disputed by the chemical industry.
532:(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, butyl carbitol, CH
146:Please review the contents of the section and
8:
958:Peter J Boogaard; Gerard M H Swaen (2008).
837:History - Union Carbide Company (Year 1920)
934:
52:. They are commonly used as solvents in
829:
780:Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
751:Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate
817:Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
7:
726:Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate
530:Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
616:), a higher boiling alternative to
328:Ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether
462:Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether
14:
494:Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
412:Ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether
387:Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
299:Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether
253:Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
212:
120:
90:ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
24:Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
354:Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
274:Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
86:ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
78:ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
891:Calma, Justine (Dec 8, 2023).
819:(1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate)
592:Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
574:Dipropyleneglycol methyl ether
148:add the appropriate references
1:
667:Ethylene glycol dibutyl ether
631:Ethylene glycol diethyl ether
441:Propylene glycol methyl ether
728:(2-methoxyethyl acetate, CH
443:, (1-methoxy-2-propanol, CH
133:reliable medical references
16:Class of chemical compounds
1009:
782:(2-butoxyethyl acetate, CH
753:(2-ethoxyethyl acetate, CH
330:(2-isopropoxyethanol, (CH
139:or relies too heavily on
74:Union Carbide Corporation
936:10.1136/oem.2007.035824
414:(2-benzyloxyethanol, C
84:. "Butyl Cellosolve" (
27:
848:Benninga, H. (1990).
301:(2-propoxyethanol, CH
255:(2-methoxyethanol, CH
22:
594:(dimethoxyethane, CH
389:(2-phenoxyethanol, C
356:(2-butoxyethanol, CH
276:(2-ethoxyethanol, CH
993:Commodity chemicals
964:Occup. Environ. Med
923:Occup. Environ. Med
669:(dibutoxyethane, CH
633:(diethoxyethane, CH
40:that are based on
28:
626:lithium batteries
221:
220:
197:
1000:
972:
971:
966:. Archived from
955:
949:
948:
938:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
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872:
871:
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579:C12-15 pareth-12
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155:
124:
123:
116:
50:propylene glycol
26:, a glycol ether
1008:
1007:
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1002:
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998:
997:
978:
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929:(10): 708–714.
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162:"Glycol ethers"
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145:
141:primary sources
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106:propylene oxide
98:
66:
46:ethylene glycol
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1004:
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995:
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980:
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974:
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970:on 2011-07-24.
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586:Dialkyl ethers
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229:semiconductors
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112:Health impacts
110:
102:ethylene oxide
97:
94:
65:
62:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1005:
994:
991:
989:
988:Glycol ethers
986:
985:
983:
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961:
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951:
946:
942:
937:
932:
928:
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859:0-7923-0625-2
855:
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838:
833:
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823:
818:
815:
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781:
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734:
727:
724:
723:
719:
698:
687:
668:
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654:
643:
632:
629:
627:
623:
619:
618:diethyl ether
611:
600:
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572:
561:
550:
531:
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517:
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203:February 2024
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174:
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167:
164: –
163:
159:
158:Find sources:
153:
149:
143:
142:
138:
134:
129:This section
127:
118:
117:
111:
109:
107:
103:
95:
93:
91:
87:
83:
82:ethyl lactate
79:
75:
71:
63:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
31:Glycol ethers
25:
21:
968:the original
963:
953:
926:
922:
912:
900:. Retrieved
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832:
798:
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732:
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685:
652:
641:
609:
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559:
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200:
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176:
169:
157:
137:verification
130:
99:
69:
67:
30:
29:
236:sperm count
131:needs more
92:) in 1929.
982:Categories
824:References
242:Subclasses
173:newspapers
70:Cellosolve
68:The name "
902:5 January
897:The Verge
945:18417551
868:20852966
454:CH(OH)CH
247:Solvents
58:alcohols
44:such as
881:expire.
187:scholar
152:removed
64:History
42:glycols
943:
866:
856:
720:Esters
189:
182:
175:
168:
160:
54:paints
38:ethers
809:OCOCH
772:OCOCH
743:OCOCH
194:JSTOR
180:books
96:Types
35:alkyl
941:PMID
904:2024
864:OCLC
854:ISBN
620:and
166:news
135:for
931:doi
622:THF
570:OH)
526:OH)
490:OH)
437:OH)
408:OH)
350:OH)
324:OH)
295:OH)
270:OH)
104:or
48:or
984::
962:.
939:.
927:65
925:.
921:.
895:.
862:.
805:CH
801:CH
794:CH
790:CH
786:CH
768:CH
764:CH
757:CH
739:CH
735:CH
711:CH
707:CH
703:CH
699:CH
692:CH
688:CH
681:CH
677:CH
673:CH
659:CH
655:CH
648:CH
644:CH
637:CH
612:CH
605:CH
601:CH
566:CH
562:CH
555:CH
551:CH
544:CH
540:CH
536:CH
522:CH
518:CH
511:CH
507:CH
500:CH
486:CH
482:CH
475:CH
471:CH
450:CH
433:CH
429:CH
422:CH
404:CH
400:CH
379:CH
375:CH
368:CH
364:CH
360:CH
346:CH
342:CH
338:CH
320:CH
316:CH
309:CH
305:CH
291:CH
287:CH
280:CH
266:CH
262:CH
231:.
154:.
60:.
947:.
933::
906:.
870:.
813:)
811:3
807:2
803:2
799:O
796:2
792:2
788:2
784:3
776:)
774:3
770:2
766:2
762:O
759:2
755:3
747:)
745:3
741:2
737:2
733:O
730:3
715:)
713:3
709:2
705:2
701:2
697:O
694:2
690:2
686:O
683:2
679:2
675:2
671:3
663:)
661:3
657:2
653:O
650:2
646:2
642:O
639:2
635:3
614:3
610:O
607:2
603:2
599:O
596:3
568:2
564:2
560:O
557:2
553:2
549:O
546:2
542:2
538:2
534:3
524:2
520:2
516:O
513:2
509:2
505:O
502:2
498:3
488:2
484:2
480:O
477:2
473:2
469:O
466:3
458:)
456:3
452:2
448:O
445:3
435:2
431:2
427:O
424:2
420:5
418:H
416:6
406:2
402:2
398:O
395:5
393:H
391:6
381:2
377:2
373:O
370:2
366:2
362:2
358:3
348:2
344:2
340:O
336:2
334:)
332:3
322:2
318:2
314:O
311:2
307:2
303:3
293:2
289:2
285:O
282:2
278:3
268:2
264:2
260:O
257:3
205:)
201:(
191:·
184:·
177:·
170:·
144:.
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