542:. All of these engines were delivered in a variety of improved versions, named with a three letter code; the first letter was the series number (a through f for instance), the second a r or l depending on which direction the engine turned, and the third indicating the charging system. With the introduction of the K-series, Gnome ended royalty payments to Bristol. By 1930 they had delivered 6,000 Jupiters, Mistrals and Titans, making them the largest engine company in France.
441:
147:
617:. The first versions introduced in 1939, the 14R-4/5, produced 1,291 hp (950 kW) for takeoff and was only slightly heavier than the 14N. By 1940 the improved 14R-8/9 was delivering 1,578 hp (1,161 kW) by increasing RPM from 2,400 to 2,600. Although this was a good figure for the era, British and German design had already passed this mark, and would soon be pressing on 2,000 hp (1,500 kW).
314:
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418:, a nine-cylinder design delivering 80 hp (60 kW). Compared to the Gnome's, the Le Rhône was considerably more "conventional", using copper intake manifold pipes to bring the fuel to the top of each engine cylinder, along with intake and exhaust valves. Like Gnome, the Le Rhône designs were widely licensed, in this case the 110 hp
510:, which was in the process of becoming the Gnome of its era. In 1922, Paul-Louis Weiller, a World War I ace, took over the company and decided to focus it on aircraft engines once again. Their Jupiter designs, the 9A, were soon selling very well. In 1926 they took out a license for the smaller 5-cylinder
624:
under license, while the 14M and 14N saw limited use on some German designs, such as the
Henschel Hs 129B, Gotha Go 244B, and Messerschmitt Me 323. The company became infamous for slow production, building only 8,500 engines by May 1944, when the Germans had been estimating 25,000. An air raid by 56
356:
All of the Gnomes were known for their unique solutions to getting fuel to the top of the piston without using piping. Early models used two valves, one in the cylinder head and a second embedded in the piston itself, counterweighted to open at the end of the stroke. Without any springs or pushrods,
380:
as it used that type of engine design for the first time). Gnome also tried a 14-cylinder two-row version, the Double Lambda of 160 hp (120 kW), but this saw little use, even though it was copied by
Oberursel as the U.III in Germany, and used in a few early Fokker fighter designs without
1043:
in 1920, which they produced until 1924. Bradshaw's original 400cc design was enlarged by Gnome et Rhone to 493cc, and approximately 3000 models were produced through 1924. The company then embarked on its own motorcycle designs, producing single-cylinder and flat-twin machines through WWII.
478:
The 9C and 9J were the most commonly used engines for early and mid-war designs both in French and
British service and was also used for fighters in Germany where Oberursel had taken out a license just before the war. The majority of German aircraft however used six cylinder stationary inline
594:. Starting with the N they introduced a new naming scheme, replacing the earlier model letters with numbers, delivering the engine in versions that turned left with even numbers and right with odd. The original 14N-0/1 was run through a number of versions, the 14N-10/11 being used on the
357:
the valve would pop open on the downstroke, allowing fuel to be drawn into the cylinder from the crankcase area. Unfortunately this design was very difficult to service, requiring the cylinder to be disassembled. To improve reliability and maintenance, later models used the
610:. The N-series finally ended with the 14N-50/51, which delivered 1,210 hp (890 kW) for takeoff. The 14N was not as widely licensed, as the war was approaching and the French government was becoming increasingly wary of licensing designs to potential enemies.
329:(the Gnome Motor Company) to produce automobile engines. They soon started development of one of the first purpose-designed aircraft engines, combining several Gnome cylinders into a rotary engine. The design emerged in the spring of 1909 as the 7-cylinder rotary
409:
Another French engineer, Louis Verdet, designed his own small rotary engine in 1910 which did not see much use. In 1912 he delivered a larger 7-cylinder design, the 7C, which developed 70 hp from 90 kg. This proved much more popular and he formed
470:
The Gnome rotaries started becoming less common on front line aircraft after 1916 as power advances failed to keep pace with either liquid-cooled V-8 engines, or even the more advanced conventionally valved rotaries, such as the 104 kW (139 hp)
545:
But the 550 hp (405 kW) Mistral was no longer powerful enough for the rapidly evolving industry. To provide more power Gnome once again turned to the two-row solution, using two banks of 7 cylinders, delivering the 625 hp (460 kW)
310:(known in the UK and South Africa as paraffin) intended to be used in industrial applications. The Gnome used a unique valve system with only one rod-operated exhaust valve, and a "hidden" intake valve located on the piston head.
333:, delivering 50 hp (37 kW) from 75 kg. More than 1,700 of these engines would be built in France, along with license-built models in Germany, Sweden, Britain, the United States, and Russia. The Gnome powered
365:) system instead, using a single exhaust valve at the top of the cylinder and using a series of ports to allow the fuel mixture into the top of the cylinder when the piston had moved down in the cylinder past the ports.
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353:
were two young engineers who participated in the design, development, and implementation of the Omega, and in the milieu of the pioneering days of flight they both went on to become successful pilots.
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Not satisfied to simply produce
Bristol designs under license, Gnome started a major design effort based around the mechanicals of the Titan. The results were introduced in 1927 as the
1263:
432:, and in the United States; the Union Switch & Signal Company of Swissvale, PA was reported to have produced some 10,000 units - it was also built in Austria, Britain and Sweden.
385:
late in the war, a completely new nine-cylinder
Monosoupape design was delivered in 1918 as the Type-N, delivering 160 hp. This design saw use on the little-known but excellent
1782:
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270:, producing both their own designs as well as German ones under licence. Their factories were the target of highly accurate bombing, knocking them out of the war.
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From 1920 Gnome et Rhône diversified into the bicycle and motorcycle business producing some relatively successful and stylish products. They first organized the
747:
had licensed the 14K and 18L, but neither entered production before the war ended. Nevertheless, Alvis pressed ahead with development, releasing the 9-cylinder
448:
After several years of fierce competition, Gnome and Le Rhône began negotiating a merger in 1914, and on 12 January 1915 Gnome bought out Le Rhône to form
1775:
560:
Leaving the idea of having many engines in a single "K-series", Gnome continued work with the basic mechanical design to produce the 18-cylinder two-row
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467:
of 1917 based on 9R components, however like all multi-row rotaries, it suffered from unresolvable cooling problems and was never used operationally.
648:
With the end of the war, the company was in no condition to continue in the aero-engine business, although they picked up small contracts to produce
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1642:
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557:(along with similar improvements in the Mistral, now at 770 hp or 570 kW), and the engine was once again being licensed around the world.
231:
designs, while another 75,000 were produced by various licensees. These engines powered the majority of aircraft in the first half of the war, both
575:
was introduced to replace the earlier K-series
Mistral, notable primarily for its extremely compact frontal area, giving by far the most power for
1233:
2231:
721:
499:
diesel engines, refrigerators, sewing machines and even jackhammers. In 1920 they also introduced their first motorcycle, simply known as the
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1269:
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By 1920 their rotary engines were no longer competitive, and they had no new designs of their own. In 1921 they took out a license for the
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60:
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in 1929. The new engine was an instant hit. By 1933 the 14Kfrs had improved the power to 1,025 hp (750 kW) through better
126:
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79:
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64:
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475:, and they peaked with the 120 kW (160 hp) Monosoupape 9N, however they remained popular for training aircraft.
277:
in 1945, but the brand lived on for a time as the manufacturer of Gnome et Rhône motorcycles and Gnome et Rhône bicycles.
1145:
341:
aircraft, which set world records for distance and endurance; the first aircraft to break 100 km/h; and in 1910 the
1601:
880:
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of 1911 was a larger 80 hp (60 kW) version of the Omega, followed by the 9-cylinder 100 hp (75 kW)
487:
With the end of the war the company rapidly diversified, using their factories to produce chassis and engines for the
455:
Developments of the 9C became their primary product, improving in power to about 97 kW (130 hp) in the 1917
93:
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tanks for the French army. In order to save what was left the company was nationalized on 29 May 1945, creating the
503:. Various models were produced up to the early 1950s, typically advertised as simply "Gnome Rhone" with no accents.
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53:
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engines. Oberursel engines based on the Gnome were prefixed with a U, while those based on the Le Rhône a Ur.
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delivering 1,100 hp (810 kW) from a slightly heavier engine that nevertheless had a much better
31:
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1096:
Laux, James M (March 1980). "Gnome et Rhône - An
Aviation Engine Firm in the First World War: Le Rhône".
720:. These were used on a number of designs in the pre-war period, many of which were exported. This led to
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232:
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345:, the first seaplane ever to fly. It helped France become the leading country in aviation at the time.
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The 14K was one of the most popular engines of its era, widely licensed and used around the world. In
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was not very good and work on the design was eventually stopped in 1939. A smaller engine, the
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Le 6 juin 1905, Louis et
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The 14N-series was itself replaced by the ultimate pre-war evolution of the line, the
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was a single-cylinder stationary engine of about 4 hp (3 kW) that ran on
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17:
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The basic Gnome design was then delivered in a series of larger engines. The
246:
In the post-war era they started a new design series originally based on the
223:
manufacturer. Between 1914 and 1918 they produced 25,000 of their 9-cylinder
1852:
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With the fall of France in 1940, Gnome et Rhône was ordered to produce the
514:, while Bristol licensed the Farman-style reduction gearing used by Gnome.
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1989:
773:
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307:
1100:. Vol. 27, no. 1. Air Force Historical Foundation. p. 25.
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and 8 Mosquitos of 5 Group of the RAF completely destroyed the original
463:. The ultimate development was the 250 kW (340 hp) double row
397:
1953:
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Bond of the Société des
Moteurs Gnome et Rhône, issued 1. July 1924
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Société Nationale d'Etude et de
Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation
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On 6 June 1905 Louis Seguin and his brother Laurent formed the
260:, which was likewise licensed and used around the world during
36:
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success. To deliver more power with the advent of high-power
1320:
Gnome Omega engine: operating manual by Andre Preynat 1917
765:. The latter saw some use on post-war helicopter designs.
2005:
1123:
The aluminium bicycle was produced between 1932 and 1952.
633:
factories on 9/10 May. Another air raid by Lancasters of
414:
later that year. He soon followed the 7C with the larger
684:
fighters before finally becoming the main engine of the
579:
of any engine of the era. It was especially used in the
528:, the 7-cylinder 370 hp (270 kW) version, the
1316:– interactive 3D model with free Viewpoint Media Player
672:
it was used for export fighter variants, most notable
264:. They were a major supplier of engines to the German
1054:
4CV Super Major (500 cc (30.51 cu in))
1048:
3CV Type Junior (250 cc (15.26 cu in))
736:
fighter called the MAVAG Heja "Hawk", as well as the
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5CV Type C.V.2 (500 cc (30.51 cu in))
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1962:
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Caractéristiques des motocyclettes GNOME-RHONE 1938
602:fighter, and the 14N-49 on late MB.152s as well as
206:
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185:
177:
169:
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153:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1297:, Herschel Smith, Sunflower University Press, 1981
1063:5CV Type V.2 (500 cc (30.51 cu in))
1057:5CV Type D.5 (500 cc (30.51 cu in))
1326:Gnome-Rhone 9C, 9J engines: operating manual 1915
1310:– includes an animation of the Gnome valve system
1268:(in French). GNOME ET RHÔNE. 1938. Archived from
1232:(in French). GNOME ET RHÔNE. 1938. Archived from
776:OKB design bureau, license-built the 14K (as the
710:both took out licenses, the former producing the
1139:"Motoren Fabrik Oberursel - Yesterday and today"
2227:Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of France
1051:4CV Major (500 cc (30.51 cu in))
889::(1917) 150 or 160 hp (112 or 119 kW)
680:, where it powered a number of Polish designed
660:), and producing the 14N, 14R and the new 14U.
535:, and the 9-cylinder 550 hp (405 kW)
422:was produced in Germany by Oberursel as their
2021:
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8:
1066:Type X (750 cc (45.77 cu in))
598:bomber, the 14N-25 on early examples of the
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586:In 1936 the 14K-series was replaced by the
27:Defunct French aircraft engine manufacturer
2222:Defunct motorcycle manufacturers of France
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273:The company was nationalized as a part of
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521:, spanning the 260 hp (190 kW)
302:. Sold under the French translation, the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
732:in order to power their versions of the
290:In 1895 the 26-year-old French engineer
1196:"The chronology of product acquisition"
1112:"Gnome et Rhone aluminium bicycle 1950"
1088:
2237:Manufacturing companies based in Paris
227:and Le Rhône 110 hp (81 kW)
1265:Toutes motocyclettes GNOME-RHONE 1937
7:
2115:Musée aéronautique et spatial Safran
1295:A History of Aircraft Piston Engines
564:of 1400 hp (1030 kW). Its
65:adding citations to reliable sources
921:Le Rhône 9JR - 120 hp Le Rhône
692:the 7K, 9K and 14N-0 were built by
664:Licensed versions and developments
450:Société des Moteurs Gnome et Rhône
157:Aerospace engineering, motorcycles
140:Société des Moteurs Gnome et Rhône
25:
1033:Société Française des Moteurs ABC
780:), building nearly 500 examples.
2197:
1674:
883::(1916) 100 hp (75 kW)
298:gas engine from the German firm
41:
1680:French motorcycle manufacturers
1035:in Paris in 1920, to build the
877::(1916) 80 hp (60 kW)
676:. In particular it was used in
52:needs additional citations for
645:factory on 8/9 February 1944.
641:had also severely damaged the
1:
2232:Cycle manufacturers of France
1570:Gnome et Rhône radial engines
281:Early history and World War I
210:Aircraft engines, motorcycles
2247:Gnome-Rhône aircraft engines
881:Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2
412:Société des Moteurs Le Rhône
2263:
1200:Industrija motora Rakovica
887:Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type N
875:Gnome Monosoupape 7 Type A
756:and later the 14-cylinder
694:Industrija motora Rakovica
29:
2195:
2077:Safran Helicopter Engines
1685:
850:Gnome ΛΛ160 Lambda-Lambda
376:in 1914 (also called the
327:Société Des Moteurs Gnome
294:bought a license for the
144:
724:taking out a license in
2062:Safran Aircraft Engines
1469:Le Rhône rotary engines
860:Gnome ΔΔ200 Delta Delta
840:Gnome ΩΩ100 Omega Omega
426:model as designated by
300:Motorenfabrik Oberursel
241:Motorenfabrik Oberursel
2182:Europrop International
2084:Safran Landing Systems
1430:Monosoupape 9 Type B-2
927:- 180 hp Le Rhône
918:- 110 hp Le Rhône
728:, producing it as the
637:led by Wing Commander
445:
406:
322:
32:Rhone (disambiguation)
1077:Rotary Engine - Gnome
912:- 80 hp Le Rhône
906:- 50 hp Le Rhône
592:power-to-weight ratio
566:power-to-weight ratio
501:Gnome et Rhône 500 cc
443:
400:
316:
239:examples produced by
1435:Monosoupape 9 Type N
1425:Monosoupape 7 Type A
1373:Gnome rotary engines
1114:. De Oude Tweewieler
319:Gnome 9N Monosoupape
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2156:Philippe Petitcolin
1400:123hp 14-cyl rotary
1098:Aerospace Historian
483:The Inter-War years
235:designs as well as
219:was a major French
141:
2136:Jean-Paul Herteman
1720:Peugeot Motocycles
1037:Granville Bradshaw
738:Weiss WM 21 Sólyom
446:
407:
323:
2209:
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2177:CFM International
2003:
2002:
1758:
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1640:
1639:
1395:60hp 7-cyl rotary
1390:34hp 5-cyl rotary
1272:on 6 October 2014
1239:on 6 October 2014
870:Gnome Monosoupape
743:The British firm
714:, the latter the
583:aircraft family.
495:cars, along with
378:Gnome Monosoupape
214:
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137:
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129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
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2099:Zodiac Aerospace
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2007:
1934:Olivier brothers
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1385:1907 50hp rotary
1380:1906 25hp rotary
1366:aircraft engines
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1206:on 18 June 2008.
1202:. Archived from
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810:Gnome Λ80 Lambda
734:Reggiane Re.2000
700:Isotta Fraschini
639:Leonard Cheshire
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1021:Gnome-Rhône 14R
1016:Gnome-Rhône 14N
1008:Gnome-Rhône 14M
1004:
996:Gnome-Rhône 18L
991:Gnome-Rhône 14M
986:Gnome-Rhône 14L
978:Gnome-Rhône 14K
934:
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830:Gnome Σ60 Sigma
800:Gnome Ω50 Omega
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615:Gnome-Rhône 14R
588:Gnome-Rhône 14N
570:Gnome-Rhône 14M
562:Gnome-Rhône 18L
548:Gnome-Rhône 14K
508:Bristol Jupiter
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343:Fabre Hydravion
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252:Gnome-Rhône 14K
248:Bristol Jupiter
221:aircraft engine
165:12 January 1915
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551:Mistral Major
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117:November 2010
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78: –
77:
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2141:Ross McInnes
2131:Marc Birkigt
2066:
2044:Subsidiaries
1903:
1699:
1362:
1294:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1264:
1241:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1225:
1204:the original
1199:
1190:
1182:
1176:. Retrieved
1166:
1146:the original
1135:(in English)
1130:
1122:
1116:. Retrieved
1106:
1097:
1091:
1032:
1030:
1010:
1002:World War II
980:
972:
964:
956:
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932:Between wars
863:
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833:
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777:
770:Soviet Union
767:
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749:
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729:
715:
711:
698:
688:fighter. In
667:
653:
647:
635:617 Squadron
619:
612:
596:Bloch MB.210
585:
576:
572:
559:
550:
544:
539:
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518:
516:
505:
486:
477:
469:
465:Le Rhône 18E
454:
449:
447:
427:
423:
411:
408:
370:Gnome Lambda
367:
363:single-valve
362:
355:
335:Henry Farman
326:
324:
303:
295:
292:Louis Seguin
289:
272:
265:
262:World War II
254:
245:
216:
215:
196:Headquarters
181:Nationalized
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2172:ArianeGroup
2151:Francis Mer
2094:SMA Engines
2056:OEMServices
1705:Monet-Goyon
1445:Omega-Omega
1420:Gamma-Gamma
1410:Delta-Delta
1363:Gnome-Rhône
1328:(in French)
1322:(in French)
1314:Gnome Omega
1174:(in French)
1159:Rolls-Royce
1027:Motorcycles
957:Titan Major
925:Le Rhône 9R
916:Le Rhône 9J
910:Le Rhône 9C
904:Le Rhône 7B
864:200 hp
854:160 hp
844:100 hp
824:100 hp
789:World War I
533:Titan Major
473:Clerget 9Bf
420:Le Rhone 9J
416:Le Rhône 9C
403:Le Rhône 9C
387:Nieuport 28
374:Gnome Delta
359:Monosoupape
331:Gnome Omega
173:29 May 1945
2216:Categories
1963:Components
1924:Manufrance
1909:René Herse
1838:Motobécane
1710:Motobécane
1289:References
1178:2009-09-14
1118:2011-06-05
834:60 hp
814:80 hp
804:50 hp
690:Yugoslavia
650:M4 Sherman
627:Lancasters
608:Amiot 351s
339:Farman III
87:newspapers
1899:Gladiator
1858:VéloSoleX
1853:Van Rysel
1276:3 October
1243:3 October
1039:designed
759:Alvis 701
750:Alvis 501
581:Potez 631
267:Luftwaffe
186:Successor
2187:PowerJet
1990:Michelin
1823:Lapierre
1531:18E 1917
1526:18E 1912
1172:"SAFRAN"
1071:See also
897:Le Rhône
862:(a.k.a.
852:(a.k.a.
842:(a.k.a.
832:(a.k.a.
822:(a.k.a.
812:(a.k.a.
802:(a.k.a.
774:Tumansky
753:Leonides
674:PZL P.24
604:LeO 451s
519:K-series
393:Le Rhône
308:kerosene
207:Products
202:, France
154:Industry
2165:Related
1995:Simplex
1954:Velocar
1884:Clément
1872:Defunct
1808:Peugeot
1801:Current
1793:bicycle
1791:French
1161:website
973:Mistral
965:Jupiter
784:Engines
730:WM K-14
726:Hungary
704:Piaggio
678:Romania
643:Limoges
622:BMW 801
540:Mistral
497:Ansaldo
429:IdFlieg
321:of 1917
317:160 hp
170:Defunct
162:Founded
101:scholar
2124:People
2108:Museum
2051:Morpho
2037:Safran
1944:Terrot
1939:Stella
1929:Mochet
1894:Follis
1889:Corima
1879:Alcyon
1818:Gitane
1745:Terrot
1735:Sherco
1730:Scorpa
1725:Ratier
1715:Midual
1695:Dresch
1450:Lambda
1153:
686:IAR 80
670:Poland
658:SNECMA
600:MB.152
401:80 hp
275:Snecma
258:radial
237:German
233:Allied
229:rotary
190:Snecma
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2089:SAGEM
2058:(25%)
1985:Mavic
1980:Mafac
1949:Urago
1919:Matra
1914:Hurtu
1863:Vitus
1843:Solex
1813:Cyfac
1750:Voxan
1740:Solex
1690:CEMEC
1460:Sigma
1440:Omega
1415:Gamma
1405:Delta
1308:Gnome
1237:(PDF)
1230:(PDF)
1149:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1083:Notes
949:Titan
941:Titan
794:Gnome
745:Alvis
708:Italy
526:Titan
424:Ur.II
304:Gnome
286:Gnome
225:Delta
200:Paris
108:JSTOR
94:books
1848:Time
1828:Look
1278:2014
1245:2014
1011:Mars
778:M-85
768:The
717:P.XI
712:K.14
702:and
606:and
577:size
573:Mars
491:and
349:and
296:Gnom
178:Fate
80:news
1632:18R
1627:18L
1622:14R
1617:14P
1612:14N
1607:14M
1602:14K
1536:28E
1521:14D
1516:11F
1491:7B2
706:of
682:PZL
337:'s
63:by
2218::
1597:9K
1592:9A
1587:7K
1582:5K
1577:5B
1511:9Z
1506:9R
1501:9J
1496:9C
1486:7B
1481:7A
1253:^
1212:^
1198:.
1181:.
1157:-
1121:.
740:.
696:.
461:9R
452:.
389:.
243:.
2029:e
2022:t
2015:v
1784:e
1777:t
1770:v
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1561:R
1556:P
1551:M
1546:L
1541:K
1476:7
1355:e
1348:t
1341:v
1280:.
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866:)
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816:)
806:)
656:(
361:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
