3350:
558:) - if any - was the father of Gofraid. One possible reason for the lack of a patronym might be that Gofraid was the child of a son of Ímar who never ruled Dublin, or who spent most of his time outside Ireland, thus making Gofraid's legitimacy to rule Dublin dependent on the identity of his grandfather, not his father. Another possibility is that Gofraid was a grandson of Ímar through a daughter, again with his right to rule dependent on his grandfather. Gofraid's kinsmen
506:. Instead, he and a Viking ally called Thurfrith lead a force to York and besiege the city. Æthelstan turns on the Vikings and Gofraid is captured. The city is looted by the Anglo-Saxons and Gofraid is allowed to return to Ireland under oath. It is not certain how much of William's account is based on truthful historical sources and how much is made up.
481:) drawing the ire of the sons of Sitric. Sitric's sons allied with a "son of Helgi", probably Tomrair mac Ailchi of Limerick or a kinsman, and conquered Dublin, though this success was short-lived as Gofraid returned after only six months abroad. Gofraid's attempt to rule in Northumbria was unsuccessful, and he was driven out by King
586:, son of Gofraid's son Amlaíb, who is recorded as being defeated in battle in 960, and also in 962 if he is identical to the individual recorded as "Sitriuc Cam". Gofraid mac Amlaíb, recorded by the annals as dying in 963, may have been a brother of Cammán, or he may have been a son of Amlaíb Cuarán.
537:
won a victory at Lough Ree where he captured the
Limerick king Olaf Scabbyhead and destroyed his ships. Gofraid did not live to see this victory, having died in 934, with Amlaíb succeeding him as king of Dublin. The Annals of Ulster describe him as "a most cruel king of the Norsemen", and say he died
474:
In 927 Gofraid's kinsman Sitric Cáech, King of
Northumbria, died. The Irish annals record the Gofraid left Ireland that year, along with a great many others from Dublin and Linns to claim Sitric's throne. During his absence it seems Gofraid delegated authority to his sons, thus (according to the
416:, and although it was indecisive it allowed Ragnall to establish himself as king at York. In the annals' account Gofraid is fully titled Gofraid ua Ímair (Gofraid, grandson of Ímar), making him brother or cousin of Ragnall and Sitric Cáech. Ragnall died in 921 with Sitric Cáech succeeding him as
225:, became ruler of Dublin around the same time. Ragnall died in 920, and so the following year Sitric left Dublin to rule in Northumbria, and Gofraid succeeded Sitric as ruler of Dublin. Sitric's early reign was marked by raids he conducted against the Gaelic (Native-Irish), including one at
1779:
It seems that the three kinsmen Sitric, Ragnall and
Gofraid co-operated for the greater good of their dynasty, with the senior of the three (initially Ragnall) getting the Kingdom of Northumbria and the next senior (initially Sitric) getting the relatively poorer Kingdom of
296:. Archaeological evidence suggests Dublin remained occupied in the years immediately following this expulsion, perhaps indicating only the ruling elite were forced to leave. However, Viking raids on Irish settlements continued, and in 914, a large Viking fleet travelled to
252:. In 931 he led an attack on a camp established by the Hiberno-Scandinavian of Limerick at Mag Raigne, near the borders of Gofraid's kingdom, with the intent of containing Gofraid's power. Gofraid died of a sickness in 934 and he was succeeded as king by his son
517:, killing 1000 people in the attack. Expert opinion is divided, but it is believed that Dunmore Cave was perhaps being used as a temporary dwelling place, or perhaps as a place of burial for the native Irish. In 931 Gofraid left Dublin for Mag Raigne in
525:
the previous year. The annals report that
Gofraid's aim was to expel a grandson (or great-grandson) of Ímar from Mag Raigne, perhaps one of the sons of Sitric who had seized Dublin in 927 probably allied with the Limerick-based Tomrair mac Ailchi.
565:
Four individuals are identifiable as sons of
Gofraid. His son Amlaíb succeeded Gofraid as King of Dublin, and eventually reclaimed Northumbria for the Vikings too. Another son, Albann, was killed in battle against Muirchertach mac Néill in 926.
467:, overking of the Northern Uí Néill, at the bridge of Cluain na Cruimther on 28 December and were routed. Albann and a large part of the force was killed, and around half of the army were besieged by the Uí Néill at Athcrathin in
240:, and seized the city. This act began a period of conflict between the Hiberno-Scandinavian of Dublin and Limerick which would last until 937. Gofraid's attempt to rule in Northumbria was unsuccessful and he was driven out by
562:, Sitric, Amlaíb and Ragnall are the other known grandsons of Ímar identified by the use of "ua Ímair". All except for Amlaíb ruled as either King of Dublin or King of Northumbria at one time or another.
614:
489:
makes no mention of
Gofraid, simply stating that Æthelstan succeeded Sitric as King in Northumbria, and thereafter held a meeting with the other kings in Britain, establishing peace. A later account by
321:, are believed to be contemporary accounts, whereas the sagas were written down at dates much later than the events they describe and are considered far less reliable. A few of the annals such as the
546:
In the annals
Gofraid is identified by the use of "ua Ímair", meaning "grandson of Ímar", but never with a patronymic. As such, it is not possible to identify which of the three known sons of Ímar (
3982:
530:
suggests that the establishment of the camp at Mag Raigne was an attempt by the
Vikings of Limerick to limit the ability of Gofraid and his kin to project their power through Ireland.
389:, overking of Leinster, who died in the battle. Augaire's death marked the end of effective opposition to the Vikings' return to Ireland. Sitric led his men on a triumphant return to
232:
Sitric Cáech died in 927 and
Gofraid left for Northumbria, delegating authority in Dublin to his sons. This upset the sons of Sitric, who allied with a "son of Helgi", possibly
607:
244:
within six months. He returned to Dublin to eject the sons of Sitric and continued to rule as king there. Following his return he led further raids, including attacks on
420:. Gofraid is mentioned by the annals that same year as taking control of Dublin. One of his first acts as King of Dublin was to lead a raid on Armagh. According to the
2820:
600:
337:, "apart from these additions , Irish chronicles are considered by scholars to be largely accurate records, albeit partisan in their presentation of events".
3614:
3826:
3623:
377:, saw these Vikings as a threat, and he marched an army south to repel them. Sitric and his army fought against the men of the Uí Néill at Mag Femen in
3257:
2589:
3919:
3972:
3841:
2668:
2626:
2518:
2499:
2426:
2405:
2380:
3977:
2688:
300:. The arrival of this fleet marked the re-establishment of Viking rule over parts of Ireland, and was followed by more Vikings settling in
3349:
509:
Following his return to Dublin, the next mention of
Gofraid in contemporary accounts is with regards to raids he led. In 929 he plundered
3453:
2813:
3518:
3790:
2647:
2477:
3856:
3607:
3051:
2444:
432:
and the sick were spared. A portion of the raiders who headed northwards to Mag Ilesen were defeated by Aignert mac Murchada and
3909:
2829:
3997:
3831:
2806:
333:
were also compiled at later dates, in part from more contemporary material and in part from fragments of sagas. According to
3765:
3443:
381:
and claimed victory, though only through timely reinforcement by Ragnall and his army. This was followed by another at the
4012:
3250:
3096:
1679:
323:
443:
Another raid was led by Gofraid in 924, this time sailing to the south of Ireland, taking many hostages. He took them to
3468:
3086:
3061:
3924:
3992:
3987:
3600:
3066:
2720:
as well as Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.
409:
193:
from AD 918 until death in 934) was a Hiberno-Scandinavian (people of Gaelic and Scandinavian birth and Culture) and
3795:
2341:
2315:
2261:
2235:
2209:
499:
494:
tells a different story. In his version, Gofraid goes to "Scotia" following Sitric's death, to attend a meeting at
329:
3939:
3897:
3528:
3134:
3101:
464:
433:
17:
3243:
3209:
3154:
3016:
2291:
2185:
3929:
3164:
277:
4007:
4002:
3770:
3538:
3463:
3433:
3423:
3382:
3081:
3071:
3041:
3036:
3011:
3006:
2865:
2697:
2346:
2320:
2266:
2240:
2214:
1691:
1403:
583:
567:
135:
3892:
3887:
3730:
3523:
3513:
3490:
3473:
3317:
3139:
3111:
3106:
3026:
3021:
2989:
2875:
2528:
2397:
860:
551:
477:
3914:
2604:
533:
Chronicle evidence suggests the conflict between Dublin and Limerick lasted until 937 when Gofraid's son
3861:
3448:
3091:
3076:
3056:
3046:
2953:
2900:
503:
491:
3720:
3569:
2968:
2774:
2684:
3851:
3846:
3760:
3627:
3553:
3533:
3458:
3438:
3322:
3306:
3219:
3031:
2943:
2933:
2895:
2890:
2870:
2561:
1396:
873:
571:
555:
131:
75:
1770:
is used here - Vikings were "people of Scandinavian culture who were active outside of Scandinavia".
3967:
3934:
3882:
3805:
3740:
3735:
3715:
3641:
3574:
3564:
3543:
3387:
3189:
3159:
2978:
1747:
1373:
1356:
1124:
405:
386:
358:
218:
3689:
3392:
3339:
3214:
1380:
1113:
575:
559:
272:
were expelled from the city in 902 by a joint force led by Máel Finnia mac Flannacán, overking of
3780:
3775:
3699:
3407:
3300:
3179:
3174:
3144:
2855:
2548:
1662:
1636:
456:
233:
169:
3904:
3754:
3559:
3548:
3428:
345:
Gofraid is presumed to have left Dublin with the rest of the ruling Vikings in 902. In 917 the
284:. Those Vikings that survived the capture of the city split into different groups; some went to
3821:
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3402:
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3289:
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2658:
2643:
2622:
2514:
2495:
2489:
2422:
2416:
2401:
2376:
2370:
1750:, a genealogical figure partly based upon fabricated annal entries concerning Gofraid ua Ímair
1643:
1410:
534:
455:
where he lost a large number of his followers in battle against the son of Ailchi, presumably
417:
394:
269:
253:
202:
198:
139:
126:
68:
2616:
3725:
3656:
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2540:
2449:
2303:
2197:
413:
382:
378:
370:
317:
3800:
3746:
3683:
3507:
2963:
2850:
2755:
2481:
437:
393:, where he established himself as king, while Ragnall returned to England and soon became
40:
3367:
3194:
2748:
2300:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
2284:
Brenhinoedd y Saeson, 'The Kings of the English', A.D. 682-954: Texts P, R, S in Parallel
2194:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
1102:
428:
the Dubliners ravaged a wide area, though the monastery and the prayer-houses with their
354:
222:
93:
58:
2639:
Scandinavian York and Dublin: the history and archaeology of two related Viking kingdoms
2474:
2189:
3877:
3327:
2948:
2256:
2204:
495:
460:
374:
210:
182:
153:
2336:
2230:
3961:
3785:
3592:
3479:
3333:
3224:
2938:
2885:
2732:
2552:
2295:
521:, where the rival Vikings of Limerick had set up a camp following a failed attack on
2310:
514:
346:
312:
249:
3397:
2784:
2468:
1655:
482:
241:
103:
2637:
2391:
468:
444:
2453:
3169:
2544:
2438:
3678:
522:
366:
361:, leading their fleets to Ireland. Sitric sailed his fleet to Cenn Fuait in
297:
3184:
2798:
2590:"Writing history: Early Irish historiography and the significance of form"
3836:
3312:
2973:
2838:
2580:
847:
579:
547:
452:
362:
301:
281:
237:
177:
3646:
3285:
3149:
662:
518:
510:
459:. Two years later his son Albann led a raiding force north, landing at
429:
350:
289:
265:
245:
206:
190:
148:
2393:
Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014
3295:
574:
who ruled Northumbria in 943 and 944, probably along with his cousin
390:
285:
226:
214:
194:
3235:
3001:
2958:
2916:
2905:
2415:
Forte, Angelo; Oram, Richard D.; Pedersen, Frederik (5 May 2005).
293:
273:
2693:
2491:
Sacred Darkness: A Global Perspective on the Ritual use of Caves
408:
in northern England. This battle was fought between Ragnall and
404:
in 918, which describe him leading a battalion of troops at the
308:
3596:
3239:
2802:
213:. Gofraid was most probably among those Vikings expelled from
570:, King of Dublin from 940–945, was another son, as was
3348:
307:
The main historical sources for this period are the Norse
2562:"The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century"
463:
on 4 September. The raiders were attacked by the army of
471:
for a week, until a force led by Gofraid relieved them.
440:, and were forced to flee leaving many dead behind.
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3814:
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2297:
Brut y Tywysigion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes
147:
125:
117:
113:
99:
89:
81:
74:
64:
54:
46:
39:
34:
2437:
385:(also known as the Battle of Cenn Fuait), against
400:Gofraid is first mentioned in the annals by the
205:in the early 10th century. He was a grandson of
18:Gofraid ua Ímair, King of Dublin and Northumbria
3983:10th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles
2531:(1979). "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings".
3608:
3251:
2814:
2618:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
1950:
1948:
608:
8:
2448:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2372:The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
1730:The parentage of Ímar's grandsons is unknown
3615:
3601:
3593:
3258:
3244:
3236:
2821:
2807:
2799:
2723:
1995:
1993:
1991:
615:
601:
593:
31:
217:in 902, whereafter he helped his kinsman
2093:
2091:
2089:
2445:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1805:
1759:
1723:
2012:
2010:
2008:
513:, and the following year he plundered
221:conquer Northumbria. Another kinsman,
176:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
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7:
2689:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
2488:Moyes, Holley (1 September 2012).
365:, and Ragnall sailed his fleet to
315:. Some of the annals, such as the
25:
2660:From Pictland to Alba: 789 – 1070
2160:, p. 111–112, 238, 248, 253
3454:Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill
2694:CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
2494:. University Press of Colorado.
578:, until they were driven out by
2337:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
2663:. Edinburgh University Press.
2615:Sawyer, Peter (January 2001).
2421:. Cambridge University Press.
1789:Also spelt Albdann or Alpthann
1:
3973:10th-century English monarchs
3353:Sigtrygg Silkbeard (989–1029)
2560:Ó Corrain, Donnchadh (1998).
2345:(5 September 2008 ed.).
2239:(16 February 2010 ed.).
2213:(16 December 2013 ed.).
1841:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
324:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2475:UK public library membership
2469:UK public library membership
2375:. Little, Brown Book Group.
2369:Ashley, Mike (7 June 2012).
2205:"Annals of the Four Masters"
2169:
2157:
2145:
2097:
2080:
2016:
1999:
1954:
1928:
1904:
1868:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1767:
582:. Later descendants include
527:
334:
3978:10th-century Irish monarchs
2621:. Oxford University Press.
2265:(15 August 2012 ed.).
1916:
1880:
1853:Brut y Tywysogyon (Pen. 20)
1766:The definition as given by
623:Family tree of the Uí Ímair
373:, overking of the Northern
4029:
2702:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2342:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2319:(24 March 2010 ed.).
2316:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2262:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2236:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2231:"The Annals of Inisfallen"
2210:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2121:
2109:
2077:Annals of the Four Masters
2033:Annals of the Four Masters
1971:Annals of the Four Masters
1885:Annals of the Four Masters
500:Constantine II of Scotland
426:Annals of the Four Masters
349:describe two grandsons of
330:Annals of the Four Masters
3948:
3583:
3529:Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair
3346:
2781:
2772:
2762:
2753:
2745:
2740:
2726:
2636:Smyth, Alfred P. (1975).
2603:: 312–325. Archived from
2545:10.1017/S002112140011315X
2286:. University of Aberdeen.
1940:
1625:
1623:
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3766:Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó
3585:^ Disputed * Speculative
3444:Diarmait mac Máel na mBó
2533:Irish Historical Studies
2439:"Sihtric Cáech (d. 927)"
2282:Dumville, D. N. (2005).
2076:
2032:
1970:
1884:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1840:
3771:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill
3539:Conchobar Ua Conchobair
3220:Ragnall II Guthfrithson
2830:Monarchs of Northumbria
2698:University College Cork
2390:Downham, Clare (2007).
2347:University College Cork
2321:University College Cork
2267:University College Cork
2241:University College Cork
2215:University College Cork
2133:
2072:
2060:
2056:
2044:
2028:
1982:
1966:
1957:, pp. 31, 273–274
1892:
1888:
1857:Brut y Tywysogyon (RBH)
1844:
447:, and according to the
173:
3940:Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí
3898:Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill
3354:
2790:as King of the English
2642:. Templekieran Press.
2513:. Kirkwall: Orcadian.
2454:10.1093/ref:odnb/25543
2398:Dunedin Academic Press
2257:"The Annals of Ulster"
478:Annals of Clonmacnoise
465:Muirchertach mac Néill
434:Muirchertach mac Néill
186:
108:as King of the English
3998:Northumbrian monarchs
3893:Somairle mac Dubgaill
3862:Aonghus mac Somhairle
3857:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson
3449:Toirdelbach Ua Briain
3352:
2610:on 23 September 2015.
2480:29 April 2013 at the
504:Owen I of Strathclyde
492:William of Malmesbury
487:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
410:Constantín son of Áed
278:Cerball mac Muirecáin
4013:10th-century Vikings
3910:Guðrøðr Rǫgnvaldsson
3888:Dubgall mac Dubgaill
3852:Ragnall mac Somairle
3847:Dubgall mac Somairle
3761:Murchad mac Diarmata
3628:Kingdom of the Isles
3459:Domnall mac Murchada
3439:Murchad mac Diarmata
3383:Blácaire mac Gofraid
2657:Woolf, Alex (2007).
2581:10.1484/J.Peri.3.334
2529:Ó Corrain, Donnchadh
2436:Hart, Cyril (2004).
2311:"Chronicon Scotorum"
2292:Williams Ab Ithel, J
2186:Williams Ab Ithel, J
2061:Annals of Inisfallen
1849:Brenhinedd y Saesson
568:Blácaire mac Gofraid
304:the following year.
242:Æthelstan of England
209:and a member of the
178:[ˈɡuðˌrøðz̠]
3925:Haraldr Guðrøðarson
3883:Donnchadh of Argyll
3806:Sigurðr Jórsalafari
3791:Lǫgmaðr Guðrøðarson
3776:Gofraid mac Sitriuc
3741:Lagmann mac Gofraid
3736:Thorfinn the Mighty
3716:Ragnall mac Gofraid
3544:Conchobar Ua Briain
3524:Domnall Gerrlámhach
3514:Domnall Gerrlámhach
3491:Domnall Gerrlámhach
3388:Gofraid mac Sitriuc
3318:Sichfrith mac Ímair
3205:Olaf I Guthfrithson
2511:Orkney in the Sagas
2083:, pp. 254–255
2002:, pp. 254–255
1748:Gofraid mac Fergusa
580:Edmund I of England
572:Ragnall mac Gofraid
418:King of Northumbria
406:Battle of Corbridge
395:King of Northumbria
387:Augaire mac Ailella
76:King of Northumbria
3993:Monarchs of Jorvik
3988:Monarchs of Dublin
3920:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson
3842:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson
3781:Fingal mac Gofraid
3721:Amlaíb mac Sitriuc
3700:Gofraid mac Arailt
3570:Gofraid mac Amlaíb
3408:Sigtrygg Silkbeard
3378:Amlaíb mac Gofraid
3355:
3123:Viking Northumbria
2766:Amlaíb mac Gofraid
2714:Chronicon Scotorum
2509:Muir, Tom (2005).
1919:, p. 322–325
1889:Chronicon Scotorum
1839:, p. 27–28;
457:Tomrair mac Ailchi
451:he also sailed to
254:Amlaíb mac Gofraid
234:Tomrair mac Ailchi
203:Viking Northumbria
69:Amlaíb mac Gofraid
3955:
3954:
3878:Óláfr Guðrøðarson
3827:Óláfr Guðrøðarson
3822:Domnall mac Taidc
3695:Maccus mac Arailt
3673:Olaf Guthfrithson
3590:
3589:
3534:Énna Mac Murchada
3519:Diarmait mac Énna
3485:Domnall mac Taidc
3323:Sitriuc mac Ímair
3307:Oistin mac Amlaíb
3233:
3232:
2797:
2796:
2782:Succeeded by
2763:Succeeded by
2728:Gofraid ua Ímair
2670:978-0-7486-1234-5
2628:978-0-19-285434-6
2520:978-0-9548-8623-3
2501:978-1-4571-1750-3
2467:(Subscription or
2428:978-0-521-82992-2
2407:978-1-903765-89-0
2382:978-1-4721-0113-6
2363:Secondary sources
2100:, pp. 34–41
1739:
1738:
1712:
1711:
584:Cammán mac Amlaíb
197:leader who ruled
166:Guthfrith of Ivar
159:
158:
16:(Redirected from
4020:
3935:Eóghan of Argyll
3915:Haraldr Óláfsson
3832:Guðrøðr Óláfsson
3726:Sigurd the Stout
3617:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3373:Gofraid ua Ímair
3260:
3253:
3246:
3237:
3128:
2995:
2922:
2844:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2800:
2746:Preceded by
2724:
2718:Book of Leinster
2710:the Four Masters
2706:Annals of Ulster
2674:
2653:
2632:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2584:
2566:
2556:
2524:
2505:
2473:Subscription or
2472:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2441:
2432:
2411:
2386:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2304:Internet Archive
2301:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2198:Internet Archive
2195:
2191:Annales Cambriae
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2134:Annals of Ulster
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2073:Annals of Ulster
2070:
2064:
2057:Annals of Ulster
2054:
2048:
2045:Annals of Ulster
2042:
2036:
2029:Annals of Ulster
2026:
2020:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1986:
1983:Annals of Ulster
1980:
1974:
1967:Annals of Ulster
1964:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1893:Annals of Ulster
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1845:Annales Cambriae
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1731:
1728:
1663:Sitric Silkbeard
631:
630:
617:
610:
603:
594:
498:with Æthelstan,
449:Annals of Ulster
422:Annals of Ulster
414:king of Scotland
402:Annals of Ulster
383:Battle of Confey
379:County Tipperary
318:Annals of Ulster
180:
162:Gofraid ua Ímair
35:Gofraid ua Ímair
32:
21:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4017:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3930:Magnús Óláfsson
3866:
3810:
3801:Magnús berfœttr
3755:Ímar mac Arailt
3747:Haakon Ericsson
3704:
3684:Ketill Flatnose
3661:
3630:
3621:
3591:
3586:
3579:
3508:Magnús berfœttr
3496:
3429:Ímar mac Arailt
3412:
3356:
3344:
3313:Bárid mac Ímair
3269:
3267:Kings of Dublin
3264:
3234:
3229:
3126:
3125:
3116:
2993:
2992:
2983:
2920:
2919:
2910:
2842:
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2827:
2793:
2787:
2778:
2768:
2759:
2751:
2736:
2729:
2681:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2614:
2607:
2592:
2587:
2564:
2559:
2539:(83): 283–323.
2527:
2521:
2508:
2502:
2487:
2482:Wayback Machine
2466:
2458:
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2255:
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2203:
2184:
2181:
2179:Primary sources
2176:
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2156:
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2144:
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2132:
2128:
2120:
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2108:
2104:
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2043:
2039:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
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1875:
1867:
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1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
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1765:
1761:
1757:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1713:
624:
621:
592:
544:
538:of a sickness.
343:
262:
142:
138:
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106:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4026:
4024:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Norse monarchs
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
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3970:
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3949:
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3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3786:Gofraid Crobán
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
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3750:
3744:
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3733:
3728:
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3516:
3511:
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3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3480:Gofraid Crobán
3477:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
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3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3328:Sichfrith Jarl
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:Olaf II Cuaran
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Sitric I Caech
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
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3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
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3064:
3059:
3054:
3052:Æthelwald Moll
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2985:
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2828:
2826:
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2818:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2780:
2775:King of Jórvík
2770:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2760:921–934
2756:King of Dublin
2752:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2741:Regnal titles
2738:
2737:
2730:
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2691:
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2679:External links
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2588:Radner, Joan.
2585:
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2418:Viking Empires
2412:
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2381:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2333:
2307:
2294:, ed. (1860).
2288:
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2188:, ed. (1860).
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438:King of Ailech
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280:, overking of
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156:
151:
145:
144:
129:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
41:King of Dublin
37:
36:
29:King of Dublin
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4025:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3950:^ Speculative
3947:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Amlaíb Cuarán
3688:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3657:Amlaíb Conung
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Amlaíb Cuarán
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3341:
3340:Ímar ua Ímair
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3226:
3225:Eric Bloodaxe
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3127:867–954
3124:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2994:642–867
2991:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2921:560–679
2918:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2843:547–670
2840:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2791:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2733:House of Ivar
2725:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:includes the
2703:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2649:9780391010499
2645:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
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2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2497:
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2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2396:. Edinburgh:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:Accessed via
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196:Accessed via
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2172:, p. 249, 253
2171:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:, s.a. 917;
1968:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
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1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1727:
1724:
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1717:
1716:
1709:
1693:
1681:
1664:
1657:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1597:
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1587:
1585:
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1567:
1565:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1542:
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1517:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1475:
1473:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1382:
1381:Amlaíb Cuarán
1375:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1264:
1252:
1250:
1238:
1236:
1212:
1196:
1194:
1178:
1176:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1079:
1076:
1064:
1062:
1050:
1048:
1036:
1034:
1022:
1020:
1019:
998:
968:
966:
948:
946:
917:
915:
875:
862:
849:
845:
842:
828:
826:
812:
810:
796:
794:
793:
758:
744:
742:
714:
712:
709:
707:
664:
632:
628:
627:
618:
613:
611:
606:
604:
599:
598:
596:
595:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
576:Amlaíb Cuarán
573:
569:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
541:
539:
536:
531:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
484:
480:
479:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:Niall Glúndub
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
331:
326:
325:
320:
319:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
155:
152:
150:
146:
141:
137:
133:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:921–934
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
27:
19:
3905:Óspakr-Hákon
3871:13th century
3815:12th century
3709:11th century
3666:10th century
3501:12th century
3474:Muirchertach
3464:Muirchertach
3417:11th century
3372:
3368:Sitric Cáech
3361:10th century
3200:Guthfrith II
3199:
2789:
2773:
2754:
2749:Sitric Cáech
2731:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2659:
2638:
2617:
2605:the original
2600:
2596:
2572:
2568:
2536:
2532:
2510:
2490:
2457:. Retrieved
2443:
2417:
2392:
2371:
2351:. Retrieved
2340:
2325:. Retrieved
2314:
2296:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2260:
2245:. Retrieved
2234:
2219:. Retrieved
2208:
2190:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2079:, s.a. 926;
2075:, s.a. 926;
2068:
2059:, s.a. 924;
2052:
2040:
2031:, s.a. 921;
2024:
1978:
1962:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1891:, s.a. 914;
1887:, s.a. 914;
1876:
1864:
1855:, s.a. 903;
1851:, s.a. 903;
1847:, s.a. 902;
1832:
1820:
1808:
1785:
1775:
1762:
1726:
1718:
1387:Mac Ragnaill
1144:
1103:Sitric Cáech
564:
545:
532:
515:Dunmore Cave
508:
486:
476:
473:
448:
442:
425:
421:
401:
399:
355:Sitric Cáech
347:Irish Annals
344:
328:
322:
316:
313:Irish annals
306:
263:
250:Dunmore Cave
231:
223:Sitric Cáech
201:and briefly
165:
161:
160:
107:
94:Sitric Cáech
59:Sitric Cáech
26:
3635:9th century
3274:9th century
3150:Guthfrith I
3097:Æthelred II
2990:Northumbria
2685:Guthfrith 5
2575:: 296–339.
2353:29 November
2327:26 November
2273:23 November
2221:23 November
590:Family tree
469:County Down
445:Rosscarbery
264:The ruling
90:Predecessor
55:Predecessor
3968:934 deaths
3962:Categories
3434:Echmarcach
3424:Echmarcach
3334:Glúniarann
3180:Halfdan II
3170:Airdeconut
3087:Ælfwald II
3062:Æthelred I
2939:Æthelfrith
2886:Æthelfrith
2876:Frithuwald
2471:required.)
2136:, s.a. 934
2063:, s.a. 924
2047:, s.a. 921
2035:, s.a. 921
1985:, s.a. 918
1973:, s.a. 917
1895:, s.a. 914
1859:, s.a. 903
1796:References
1680:Máel Muire
1656:Glúniarran
288:, some to
260:Background
187:Guthfridus
3796:Ingimundr
3679:Gebeachan
3398:Glúniairn
3210:Sitric II
3190:Ragnall I
3165:Æthelwold
3155:Siefredus
3145:Halfdan I
3121:Kings of
3067:Ælfwald I
3017:Eadwulf I
3012:Ealdfrith
2988:Kings of
2969:Œthelwald
2915:Kings of
2837:Kings of
2785:Æthelstan
2553:182393802
2484:required.
2459:6 January
2247:13 August
1883:, p. 97;
1843:, § 429;
1801:Citations
1363:Sichfrith
1351:Sichfrith
1081:Uathmarán
861:Sichfrith
552:Sichfrith
523:Connaught
483:Æthelstan
367:Waterford
341:Biography
298:Waterford
170:Old Norse
104:Æthelstan
100:Successor
65:Successor
4008:Uí Ímair
3837:Somerled
3469:Donnchad
3135:Ecgberht
3082:Eardwulf
3072:Osred II
3042:Eadberht
3037:Ceolwulf
3007:Ecgfrith
2979:Ælfwine
2974:Alhfrith
2934:Æthelric
2896:Eanfrith
2871:Theodric
2866:Æthelric
2839:Bernicia
2716:and the
2478:Archived
2124:, p. 586
2112:, p. 151
1815:, p. xvi
1742:See also
1404:Blácaire
453:Limerick
436:, later
424:and the
375:Uí Néill
363:Leinster
327:and the
311:and the
302:Limerick
282:Leinster
238:Limerick
211:Uí Ímair
154:Uí Ímair
136:Blácaire
3642:Gofraid
3626:of the
3554:Ragnall
3140:Ricsige
3107:Osberht
3102:Redwulf
3057:Ealhred
3027:Coenred
3022:Osred I
2597:Celtica
2569:Peritia
2170:Downham
2158:Downham
2148:, p. 29
2146:Downham
2098:Downham
2081:Downham
2019:, p. 34
2017:Downham
2000:Downham
1955:Downham
1931:, p. 12
1929:Downham
1907:, p. 31
1905:Downham
1871:, p. 27
1869:Downham
1837:Downham
1827:, p. 26
1825:Downham
1813:Downham
1780:Dublin.
1768:Downham
1698:Gofraid
1674:Dubgall
1650:Ragnall
1637:Gofraid
1397:Ragnall
1374:Gofraid
1145:Gofraid
1125:Ragnall
886:Unknown
874:Sitriuc
556:Sitriuc
528:Downham
511:Kildare
430:culdees
359:Ragnall
335:Downham
290:England
266:Vikings
246:Kildare
219:Ragnall
174:Guðrøðr
149:Dynasty
132:Ragnall
3624:Rulers
3575:Ascall
3565:Brodar
3301:Albann
3296:Auisle
3281:Amlaíb
3185:Ingwær
3175:Eowils
3092:Eanred
3077:Osbald
3047:Oswulf
2964:Oswine
2954:Oswald
2901:Oswald
2856:Glappa
2712:, the
2700:. The
2667:
2646:
2625:
2551:
2517:
2498:
2465:
2425:
2404:
2379:
2349:. 2008
2323:. 2010
2269:. 2012
2243:. 2010
2217:. 2013
1917:Radner
1881:Sawyer
1719:Notes:
1692:Cammán
1644:Maccus
1417:Albann
1411:Amlaíb
1368:Auisle
1135:Amlaíb
542:Family
535:Amlaíb
519:Ossory
502:, and
485:. The
412:, the
391:Dublin
286:France
270:Dublin
227:Armagh
215:Dublin
199:Dublin
195:Viking
143:Albann
140:Amlaíb
3731:Gilli
3560:Ottir
3549:Ottir
3032:Osric
3002:Oswiu
2959:Oswiu
2949:Osric
2944:Edwin
2917:Deira
2906:Oswiu
2891:Edwin
2881:Hussa
2608:(PDF)
2593:(PDF)
2565:(PDF)
2549:S2CID
2122:Moyes
2110:Woolf
1755:Notes
1669:Aralt
1357:Aralt
848:Bárid
548:Bárid
496:Dacre
309:sagas
294:Wales
274:Brega
183:Latin
127:Issue
82:Reign
47:Reign
3651:Ivar
3647:Ímar
3403:Ímar
3290:Ivar
3286:Ímar
3160:Cnut
3112:Ælla
2929:Ælla
2861:Adda
2779:927
2708:and
2665:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2515:ISBN
2496:ISBN
2461:2015
2423:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2355:2014
2329:2014
2275:2014
2249:2015
2223:2014
1941:Hart
1686:Ímar
1114:Ímar
663:Ímar
560:Ímar
357:and
351:Ímar
276:and
248:and
207:Ímar
118:Died
2851:Ida
2696:at
2687:at
2577:doi
2541:doi
2450:doi
554:or
268:of
236:of
191:fl.
164:or
121:934
85:927
3964::
2601:23
2599:.
2595:.
2573:12
2571:.
2567:.
2547:.
2537:22
2535:.
2442:.
2400:.
2339:.
2313:.
2259:.
2233:.
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