428:, although each umpire has unique jurisdictions. The most usual causes for no-balls are foot faults or a ball passing above a batsman's waist without bouncing, each of these being under the jurisdiction of the umpire at the bowler's end. The square-leg umpire will rarely have to call a no-ball, as their jurisdiction is limited to infringements that occur less frequently such as short pitched deliveries which pass the batting crease above the batsman's shoulders. The signal is to hold one arm out horizontally and shout "no-ball"; the idea being that the batsman is aware of the no-ball being bowled. In matches under the auspices of the ICC, it may also be a no-ball if the umpire feels that the bowler's arm is bent more than 15 degrees (throwing rather than bowling). The ICC have chosen to amend Law 21.2 (Fair Delivery – the arm) as a result of controversy concerning the legality or otherwise of bowling actions of certain prominent bowlers.
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681:(ICC) brought in a new law stipulating that, in ODIs, after 35 overs have been bowled the ball must be replaced with a clean used ball. In 2011 this rule was changed so that a different ball is used at each end, thus each ball getting used for 25 overs. The balls used in ODIs are white and become discoloured very easily, especially on dusty or abrasive pitches, and thus the ball change is deemed necessary to ensure that the ball is easily visible.
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446:, such as T20s and ODIs, a no-ball that is the result of the bowler overstepping the crease or bowling above a batsman's waist will be penalised by the next delivery being a free hit. The umpire will signal this by circling a finger horizontally over their head, usually following a no-ball signal (and any other signals associated with the no-ball such as a boundary). During a free hit delivery, batters cannot be dismissed
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109:. Most Test matches are controlled by neutral members of the Elite Panel, with local members of the International Panel providing, usually in the third or fourth umpire roles. Members of the International Panel will occasionally officiate as neutral on-field umpires in Tests. Members of the three panels officiate in
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In Test cricket and first-class cricket, the last hour of the last day of play has special significance. First, there is a minimum number of overs (20 in the Laws of
Cricket, fifteen in Tests) that must be bowled in the last hour. Second, and more importantly, a result must be reached before the time
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on the opposite side of the batsman. If the square-leg umpire elects to stand at point, they are required to inform both the batsmen, the captain of the fielding team, and their colleague. They may also move to the point position later in the afternoon if the setting sun prevents a clear view of the
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when they hit the ball across the boundary (not by actually running them), the umpire signals this by waving their arm back and forth in front of the chest. This signal varies a lot between umpires, from two short, restrained, waves finishing with the arm across the chest, to elaborate signals that
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note down the play accurately and therefore the appropriate signals will be made by the umpire when the ball is dead (see Law 2.13). In addition to the following, the umpire repeats signals of dead ball, wide, and no-ball to the scorers. Scorers are required to acknowledge the signals from umpires;
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In matches lasting more than two days the captain usually has the option of taking another new ball after a set number of overs (usually 80) have taken place since a new ball was introduced (an innings always begins with a new ball). The umpire at the bowler's end signals to the scorers that a new
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is signalled by the umpire tapping their near shoulder with their fingers and the short runs are not scored. If more than one run is short, the umpire will inform the scorers as to the number of runs scored. There is also a case of deliberate short running, where the umpire will disallow all runs,
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The umpire's response is either to raise their index finger above their head to indicate that the batsman is out, or to clearly say "not out", which is usually accompanied with a shake of the head. The 'out' signal is the only signal that, if indicated by the striker's end umpire, does not require
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If the umpire makes an incorrect signal, they may revoke it. To do so, they cross their arms across their chest, then makes the corrected signal. A revocation may be made if the umpire discovers an incorrect application of the laws, such as, signalling "out" before realising that the other umpire
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In ODI, the entire innings is played through three different
Powerplays with looser restrictions as the innings progresses. The first Powerplay lasts for the first ten overs and restricts the fielding team to three fielders outside the 30-yard circle. The second Powerplay comprises the middle 30
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If the umpire is unsure of a "line decision" (that is, a run out or stumped decision) or if the umpire is unsure whether the ball is a four, a six, or neither, they may refer the matter to the Third Umpire. The umpires may additionally refer decisions to the Third Umpire regarding Bump Balls and
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A wide is an illegal delivery, due to it being "wide of the striker where they are standing and would also have passed wide of them standing in a normal guard position" (Law 22). A wide is signalled by extending both arms out horizontally and is accompanied by a call of Wide Ball. If a delivery
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If the Third Umpire decides that the on-field umpire made an incorrect decision then they will inform the on-field umpire, via headsets, of what they have seen and tell them to either change their decision or to stay with their original decision. The on-field umpire may then have to signal the
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If the ball is no longer considered in play it is a dead ball. An umpire will signal this by crossing and uncrossing their wrists below their waist with the call Dead Ball, if they are required to do so under certain Laws, and also may do it if they think it is necessary to inform the players.
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If the ball is damaged to the extent that it gives either team a disadvantage, it is replaced with a used undamaged ball in similar condition. A similar-condition used ball is also used if the ball is ever lost in the course of play (for example, if a ball hit for six becomes irretrievable).
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satisfies the criteria for both a No Ball and a Wide, the call and penalty of No Ball takes precedence. Umpires are not to signal a wide until the ball has passed the batsman. If a batsman chooses to pursue a wide delivery, once contact with the bat takes place it cannot be called wide.
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During play, the umpire at the bowler's end makes the decisions, which they mainly indicate using arm signals. Some decisions must be instantaneous, whereas for others they may pause to think or discuss it with the square leg umpire, especially if the latter may have had a better view.
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For extreme misconduct by one team, the umpire may award five penalty runs to the other team. Placing one arm on the opposite shoulder indicates that the penalty runs are awarded to the fielding team, but if the umpire taps that shoulder, the penalties are awarded to the batting team.
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scored by hitting the ball over the boundary is signalled by the umpire raising both hands above their head. For a six to be scored, the ball must come off the bat, so it is impossible to have six byes for a ball crossing the boundary (without there being overthrows).
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has introduced a two-tier accreditation scheme and eventually all umpires will be required to achieve the appropriate level of accreditation. The ages of umpires can vary enormously as some are former players, while others enter the cricketing world as umpires.
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It is up to the umpires to keep out of the way of both the ball and the players. In particular, if the ball is hit and the players attempt a run, then the umpire behind the stumps will generally retreat to the side, in case the fielding side attempts a
190:) takes the position that they feel gives them the best view of the play. Through long tradition, this is usually square leg – in line with the popping crease and a few yards to the batsman's leg side – hence they are sometimes known as the
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elapses and the umpire calls "stumps" for the match to have a winner; otherwise, the match ends with a draw and no winner. The umpire signals the last hour by pointing to their wrist (and the watch on it), which is raised above their head.
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overs (the 11th through 40th overs) and raises the limit to four fielders outside the circle. The third and final
Powerplay lasts for the final ten overs (the 41st through 50th overs) and allows five fielders outside the circle.
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resemble those of a conductor of an orchestra. Whichever way the umpire signals a four they must, by law, finish with their arm across the chest (so as to avoid confusion about whether a No Ball was delivered as well).
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Traditionally, cricket matches have two umpires on the field, one standing at the end where the bowler delivers the ball (bowler's end), and one directly opposite the facing batsman (usually, but not always, at
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In Twenty20, a
Powerplay is in effect for the first six overs of an innings, whereby only two fielders can be outside the fielding circle. For the rest of the innings, five fielders can be placed outside the
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in limited-over cricket which restricts the number of fielders outside the 30-yard circle, among other things. When a
Powerplay is beginning, the umpire moves their hand in circular fashion above their head.
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A similar signal is also used to indicate a "not out" from the
Decision Review System. This is signalled by an umpire crossing their hands in a horizontal position in front and above their waist three times.
348:. Occasionally an umpire may miscount, leading to one too many or too few balls being bowled in the over, however in most grades the scorers may communicate with the umpires to determine the correct count.
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or somewhere so as to block their view, or if there is an injured batsman with a runner, then the umpire must move somewhere else – typically either a short distance or to
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In accordance with the tradition of cricket, most ordinary, local games will have two umpires, one supplied by each side, who will fairly enforce the accepted rules.
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At the end of each over, the two umpires will exchange roles. Because the bowler's end alternates between overs, this means they only move a short distance.
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catches being taken cleanly (but only after the on-field umpires have consulted and both were unsighted). Additionally the players may decide to refer a
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signalled a no-ball. Also, an umpire may revoke if they accidentally signal a four though they intended to signal six. With the implementation of the
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for wickets and general conduct of the Game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an
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meaning not a peer, i.e. not a member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the
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If one of the batsmen turns to complete runs after the first without grounding their person or equipment behind the popping crease, then a
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Five penalty runs are more commonly awarded when the ball strikes a foreign object on the field, usually a helmet of the fielding side.
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at the non-striker's end (that is, the end from which the ball is being bowled), which gives them a view straight down the pitch.
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decision to the Third Umpire. The on-field umpire signals a referral using both hands to mime a TV screen by making a box shape.
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82:). However, in the modern game, there may be more than two umpires; for example Test Matches have four: two on-field umpires, a
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For a comprehensive guide to the laws and their interpretation, and for advice on umpires' field-craft and general technique:
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ball has been taken by holding the ball above their head. The scorers note the time that the new ball has been taken.
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The cricket umpire lever counter, an example of a device used by umpires to count the number of balls in an over.
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who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
143:(ACU&S), formed in 1955, used to conduct umpire training within the UK. It however merged to form the ECB
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qualifications has now been put into place and the ACO provides training and examinations for these.
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/rules/umpire_signals/newsid_3810000/3810053.stm
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matches for contentious decisions; however, it is the norm for a batsman to walk when they are
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and umpires are required to get an acknowledgement before allowing the match to proceed.
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These decisions have an important effect on the play and are signalled straight away.
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1426:"ICC Standard One Day International Match Playing Conditions (see Appendix 7 3.4.b)"
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The Third Umpire is not used except in international or important domestic matches.
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who looks after the match balls and takes out the drinks for the on-field umpires.
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The normal positions for the two on-field umpires are shown with the blue squares.
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if they know themself to be out. This is nowadays rare, especially in Tests and
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The umpire keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an
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724:(officiated) in 100 Test matches. Three umpires have reached this milestone:
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Minor cricket matches will often have trained umpires. The independent
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1305:"Cricket Committee recommends prohibition of saliva to shine the ball"
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147:(ECB ACO) on 1 January 2008. A new structure of cricket umpiring and
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Person who has the authority to make judgements on the cricket field
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1843:"Emirates Elite Panel Umpires Honoured with Commemorative Awards"
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The word was applied to the officials of many sports, including
2008:
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Either umpire may call, and signal, no-ball, for an illegal
1141:. Thus today one says "an umpire" instead of "a numpire".
1113:, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The
571:, the umpire will hold up one open palm above the head.
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The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the
54:. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery,
1845:. www.windiescricket.com. 10 July 2004. Archived from
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around 1475; this sort of linguistic shift is called
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is given by the ICC to umpires who have stood in 100
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is given by the ICC to umpires who have stood in 200
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are signalled by the umpire touching a raised knee.
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An umpire signals a wide in a junior cricket match.
382:is made by the fielding side, though a batsman may
1105:around 1350, and the earliest version without the
960:. Seventeen umpires have reached this milestone.
1767:"Bucknor and Others Honoured with Special Awards"
1741:"Bucknor to receive golden bails for 100th Test"
1117:was lost after it was written (in 1426–1427) as
378:An umpire will not give a batsman out unless an
1133:became attached to the article, changing it to
1656:"ODI rule modifications could get early start"
1199:List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires
97:(ICC) has three panels of umpires: namely the
2020:
1934:
1715:"Bucknor set to be first umpire to 100 Tests"
1194:List of One Day International cricket umpires
842:. Three umpires have reached this milestone:
175:When a ball is being bowled, one umpire (the
8:
1371:"The laws of cricket, Law 3 (see 3.14.a.ii)"
595:although this is a rather rare occurrence.
197:However, if a fielder takes up position at
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2013:
2005:
1971:ICC Associates and Affiliates Umpire Panel
1941:
1927:
1919:
1209:ICC Associates and Affiliates Umpire Panel
141:Association of Cricket Umpires and Scorers
402:confirmation by the bowler's end umpire.
315:Learn how and when to remove this message
1238:Tom Smith's Cricket Umpiring and Scoring
1101:, the earliest form of this shows up as
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469:
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1226:Category:Cricket umpires by nationality
368:An umpire signalling the batsman as out
86:who has access to video replays, and a
251:Please improve this section by adding
7:
1914:How do Cricket Umpires Count ball?
1719:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
618:'revoke last signal' sign (below).
1966:International Panel of ICC Umpires
25:
1869:"Most matches as an umpire: T20I"
1793:"Most matches as an umpire: Test"
1148:(where it has been superseded by
120:Professional matches also have a
1905:Association of Cricket Officials
1818:"Most matches as an umpire: ODI"
1204:Association of Cricket Officials
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1007:
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963:Most T20I matches as an umpire:
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739:Most Test matches as an umpire:
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145:Association of Cricket Officials
107:Development Panel of ICC Umpires
857:Most ODI matches as an umpire:
414:An umpire signalling a No-ball
103:International Panel of Umpires
1:
1309:International Cricket Council
1284:International Cricket Council
718:International Cricket Council
679:International Cricket Council
605:Umpire Decision Review System
253:secondary or tertiary sources
206:popping crease at their end.
95:International Cricket Council
2204:Cricket laws and regulations
567:If runs are to be scored as
2219:Cricket awards and rankings
1261:, National Book Trust, 2012
689:ICC introduced a system of
529:An umpire signalling a Four
126:ICC Cricket Code of Conduct
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1961:Elite Panel of ICC Umpires
1909:Role of umpire in cricket
1684:"Golden bails for Bucknor"
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1184:Elite Panel of ICC Umpires
720:(ICC) to umpires who have
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1771:West Indies Cricket Board
1338:Education – find a course
1214:Glossary of cricket terms
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512:It is important that the
1255:Surya Prakash Chaturvedi
352:When the ball is in play
1994:Twenty20 Internationals
1242:Marylebone Cricket Club
1158:(which still uses it).
130:Elite Panel of Referees
40:
1989:One Day Internationals
1349:"The umpire's signals"
958:One Day Internationals
840:One Day Internationals
659:Decision Review System
599:Decision Review System
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563:An umpire signals Byes
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240:relies excessively on
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115:Twenty20 International
99:Elite Panel of Umpires
1334:16 March 2015 at the
1224:Further information:
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444:limited overs cricket
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332:At the end of an over
264:"Umpire" cricket
221:Decisions and signals
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111:One Day International
38:(from the Old French
2073:Wicket-keeper-batter
1189:List of Test umpires
1146:association football
533:If a batsman scores
442:In certain forms of
188:striker's end umpire
179:) stands behind the
2209:Cricket terminology
1075:The predecessor of
943:As of 29 April 2023
825:As of 07 April 2023
495:Dead ball (cricket)
374:Dismissal (cricket)
177:bowler's end umpire
2214:Sports officiating
1849:on 8 February 2008
1747:. 22 February 2005
1721:. 23 February 2005
1692:. 22 February 2005
1127:indefinite article
1061:As of 13 June 2023
1041:Allahudien Paleker
954:Bronze Bails Award
836:Silver Bails Award
714:Golden Bails Award
652:Revoke last signal
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508:Signals to scorers
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18:Golden Bails Award
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1280:"Match officials"
1250:978-0-297-86641-1
1219:Umpire (baseball)
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153:Cricket Australia
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1590:"Penalty runs"
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46:cricket field
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2163:Third umpire
2152:
2099:Batting side
1984:Test matches
1949:
1876:. Retrieved
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:the original
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
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1433:the original
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1231:Bibliography
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852:Billy Bowden
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738:
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688:
677:In 2007 the
676:
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655:
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625:Penalty runs
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134:Test matches
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84:third umpire
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2146:Non-players
2137:All-rounder
2061:Spin bowler
2056:Pace bowler
1612:"Last hour"
1568:"TV replay"
1546:"One short"
1404:"Dead ball"
1119:a noounpier
631:Penalty run
388:first-class
2188:Categories
2090:Substitute
1878:16 January
1827:16 January
1802:16 January
1777:9 February
1751:9 February
1689:Rediff.com
1289:8 December
1266:References
1125:being the
1081:Old French
989:Ahsan Raza
691:Powerplays
685:Power Play
275:newspapers
242:references
199:square leg
136:and ODIs.
113:(ODI) and
80:square leg
2038:positions
1524:"Leg bye"
1393:BBC Sport
1135:an oumper
1121:with the
1071:Etymology
1015:Aleem Dar
932:1995–2016
912:1992–2010
883:Aleem Dar
844:Aleem Dar
814:1992–2010
794:1989–2009
765:Aleem Dar
726:Aleem Dar
643:Last hour
612:dismissal
592:short run
586:Short run
489:Dead ball
305:June 2010
163:Positions
1873:Cricinfo
1822:Cricinfo
1797:Cricinfo
1745:Cricinfo
1660:Cricinfo
1332:Archived
1162:See also
1156:baseball
975:Matches
869:Matches
751:Matches
665:New Ball
580:Leg byes
438:Free hit
432:Free hit
426:delivery
105:and the
73:Overview
2224:Cricket
2158:Referee
2132:Captain
2080:Fielder
2036:Cricket
1853:13 June
1725:13 June
1696:13 June
1442:16 June
1376:16 June
1329:ECB ACO
1151:referee
1111:owmpere
1103:noumper
708:Records
703:circle.
575:Leg bye
514:scorers
460:stumped
420:No-ball
406:No-ball
289:scholar
212:run out
149:scoring
67:referee
56:appeals
41:nompere
32:cricket
2173:Scorer
2153:Umpire
2125:Others
2116:Runner
2106:Batter
2051:Bowler
1665:2 June
1640:2 June
1618:2 June
1596:2 June
1574:2 June
1552:2 June
1530:2 June
1508:2 June
1486:2 June
1464:2 June
1458:"Four"
1410:2 June
1355:2 June
1314:19 May
1248:
1154:) and
1086:(from
1084:nonper
1077:umpire
972:Period
969:Umpire
866:Period
863:Umpire
748:Period
745:Umpire
452:bowled
448:caught
396:caught
392:bowled
380:appeal
291:
284:
277:
270:
262:
181:stumps
36:umpire
1502:"Bye"
1480:"Six"
1436:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1047:2018–
1021:2009–
995:2010–
889:2000–
771:2003–
722:stood
296:JSTOR
282:books
203:point
34:, an
2085:Slip
1880:2021
1855:2009
1829:2021
1804:2021
1779:2010
1753:2010
1727:2009
1698:2009
1667:2018
1642:2018
1620:2018
1598:2018
1576:2018
1554:2018
1532:2018
1510:2018
1488:2018
1466:2018
1444:2013
1412:2018
1378:2013
1357:2018
1316:2020
1291:2017
1246:ISBN
952:The
935:200
915:209
850:and
834:The
817:108
797:128
732:and
712:The
569:byes
535:four
521:Four
466:Wide
384:walk
346:over
268:news
93:The
60:over
1903:ECB
1897:ICC
1244:).
1097:In
1092:per
1088:non
894:227
776:145
555:Bye
548:six
542:Six
458:or
360:Out
244:to
30:In
2190::
1871:.
1820:.
1795:.
1769:.
1743:.
1717:.
1706:^
1686:.
1675:^
1658:.
1307:.
1282:.
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1000:74
854:.
846:,
736:.
728:,
546:A
462:.
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255:.
194:.
62:.
2028:e
2021:t
2014:v
1942:e
1935:t
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1380:.
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1240:(
1131:n
1123:a
1115:n
1107:n
318:)
312:(
307:)
303:(
293:·
286:·
279:·
272:·
249:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
