2256:
1646:
3162:
592:
130:
752:
445:
3913:
3455:
613:
911:
104:
2362:. The specialization towards a crocodile-like skull through an elongated and rigid tube-like build, straight conical interlocking teeth, and highly developed snout sensitivity and sense of smell was well-suited for pursuing prey in the environment's unique murky setting. Lingham-Soliar (1999) opined that
901:
begin as cylindrical, but become flattened closer to the pelvis. No neural arches are preserved in any dorsal vertebrae. Zygapophyses are weakly present, unlike in the cervical vertebrae, but the inter-arch articulations are still absent. The transverse processes are directed slightly anteriorly and
648:
is preserved in the material, although it is heavily crushed and distorted. Overall the skull is long and narrow compared to other mosasaurids, with an estimated complete length of 71 cm (28 in) and a width of only 11.2 cm (4.4 in). Its skull length to skull width ratio (6.31:1)
631:
is a small mosasaur, measuring up to 5.14 m (16.9 ft) long. Previously the body length had been estimated at 7.8 m (26 ft), although Soliar (1988) identified that this length estimate was based on a false skull length to body length ratio (9.1:100). Based on the skull length to
729:
has an extremely long and tall jugal, which directly contrasts with the thin slender bones of other lepidosaurs. The functional implications proposed by
Azzaroli were disregarded by Soliar in 1988, due to there being no precedent for such a mechanical adaptation. The identity of the jugals was
1712:
was diagnosed by the presence of teeth to the very front of the premaxilla, extension of the tooth row below and behind the orbit, frontally contacting the maxillae, the unforked shape of the contact between skull roof and supratemporal arch bones, location of the vidian canal opening moved
2818:
Strong, Catherine R. C.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Konishi, Takuya; Palci, Alessandro (2020-11-01). "A new species of longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late
Cretaceous of Morocco, with a re-evaluation of the problematic taxon
786:
is preserved, and bears teeth like in other mosasaurs. The two main processes of the pterygoid are broken, because of their long and slender shape, but it probable looked similar to related taxa. The process of the pterygoid that articulates with the
3057:
Lawal, M.; Hasan, M.H.A. (2023). "Sedimentary and stratigraphic characteristics of the
Maastrichtian Dukamaje formation of southern Iullemmeden Basin: Implications for the paleogeography of the Upper Cretaceous trans-Saharan seaway".
864:
are slightly more robust than those more posterior, but still curve gently back. Centralized teeth have very blunt cutting edges, with enamel between 150–250 μm that has varying thickness while remaining shallow.
543:
and parts of the mandible. Because of the material being found in the same horizon of the same region of
Nigeria, and the similarities in size and anatomy, these new specimens were referred to
3091:
2645:
Atti della
Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Memorie de la Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Sezione 2. Fisica, Chimica Geologia, Paleontologia e Mineralogia
2725:
2234:
has straight teeth with a rounded apex designed more for smashing food. This means that it may have competed with mosasaurs with cutting teeth, as well as large predatory
571:
390:
3989:
566:
District of
Nigeria, where the material was found. With no knowledge on the whereabouts of BMNH R 5674, the authors designated IGF 14750 as the taxon's replacement
702:. It is uncertain exactly how many teeth there were in the maxilla due to breakage, but there is probably around eleven. The nasal bones which project between the
570:. The specimen was later reassigned as referred material following the reemergence of the original type fossils in literature. A second, unnamed species, from the
3900:
3150:
949:
within it were not tested. A placement within the
Tylosaurinae is not necessarily correct however, as the genus was found as forming a clade with the genera
2906:
406:, but subsequent remains revealed a highly unique set of adaptations that prompted the species to be reclassified as the only species of the new genus
3976:
1713:
posteriorly, absence of zygapophyseal articulations in vertebrae, and complete separation of the deltoid anc pectoral muscle crests on the humerus.
822:
is uncovered, probably due to breakage of the thin sheet of bone that normally covers it. These features have been compared favourably to those in
4048:
3195:
2597:
n. gen., n. sp., from the
Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context"
2371:
721:
were presented significantly in Soliar (1988), due to the supposed morphology that was completely unlike any in known mosasaurs. Azzaroli
2449:
Azzaroli, A.; De Guili, C.; Ficcarelli, G.; Torre, D. (1972). "An aberrant
Mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North-Western Nigeria".
742:. As such, the true jugal would be only around 19 mm (0.75 in) thick across a majority of its structure, similar in anatomy to
2834:
449:
686:. The premaxilae bear strong teeth, with the anterior most tooth being placed directly behind the beginning of the snout. Large nerve
636:(13.8:100), Soliar (1988) derived a body length estimate of 5.14 m (16.9 ft) from a 0.71 m (2.3 ft) long skull.
516:
2965:
2307:. Some studies suggest the formations can be further constrained to the mid-late Maastrichtian (~70-66 million years ago) based on
1740:. A plioplatecarpine assignment was also supported by Zietlow, Boyd & van Vranken in their 2023 description of the mosasaurine
2875:: a new mosasaurine (Squamata: Mosasauroidea) from the Pierre Shale Formation (Pembina Member: Middle Campanian) of North Dakota"
2577:
Moody, R. T. J. and
Suttcliffe, P. J. C. (1991). The Cretaceous deposits of the Iullemmeden Basin of Niger, central West Africa.
739:
2740:
432:
possesses unique teeth, which are unlike the teeth of any other mosasaur. Instead of the cutting teeth common among mosasaurs,
2643:
Azzarolli, A.; De Guili, C.; Ficcarelli, G.; Torre, D. (1975). "Late Cretaceous mosasaurs from the Sokoto District, Nigeria".
3030:
Moody, R.T.J.; Sutcliffe, P.J.C. (1991). "The Cretaceous deposits of the Iullemmeden Basin of Niger, central West Africa".
4058:
3890:
2927:
Longrich, Nicholas R.; Polcyn, Michael J.; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Bardet, Nathalie (2024-03-01).
4053:
819:
695:
691:
683:
129:
3130:
1317:
706:
are very robust. They are approximately the same width for the entire length, and have a rugged surface, similar to
3188:
3138:
2534:
Bardet, N. (2012). "Maastrichtian marine reptiles of the Mediterranean Tethys: a palaeobiogeographical approach".
694:
surface of the paired premaxilae. The maxillae bones are unusual for mosasaurids, as they bear teeth which extend
3281:
2358:
water. These conditions probably created to a unique underwater setting that explains the bizarre adaptations of
1742:
1508:
1267:
1045:
2255:
856:
to the exclusion of all other mosasaurs, except in the fact that such isolated teeth lack the fluted grooves of
767:
was probably very intricate. The frontals are triangular, and articulate with the internarial bar strongly. The
3123:"Rapid evolution, diversification and distribution of mosasaurs (Reptilia; Squamata) prior to the K-T boundary"
2289:
fossils come from the Dukamaje and Farin Doutchi Formations of Niger and Nigeria, both of which lie within the
1103:
1069:
933:. However, this was based on the characters of the jugal now known to be incorrect. Lingham-Soliar found that
3829:
806:
is poorly preserved. The unit is narrow, and has tylosaurine features, as well as a unique morphology of the
3895:
3089:(Squamata: Mosasauridae) and its bearing on the predatory behaviour and evolution of this enigmatic taxon".
2308:
730:
doubted by Halstead & Middleton (1982), and Soliar (1988) instead proposed that the "jugal" of Azzaroli
3931:
1436:
1170:
845:
651:
524:
2230:
has a unique tooth morphology among mosasaurs. Unlike a majority of mosasaurs, which have cutting teeth,
4015:
3454:
3181:
2451:
Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali
1760:
1532:
1484:
1358:
481:
419:
333:
287:
2928:
1763:
to recover it within a monophyletic clade of non-plioplatecarpin plioplatecarpine mosasaurids, as the
4043:
3963:
2315:
1460:
1341:
1187:
520:
1645:
3167:
2933:
1549:
1412:
1146:
1120:
663:
480:
in 1925, but he gave no species or genus name, and these remains were described more completely by
2427:
Swinton, W. E., Raeburn, C., & Tattam, C. M. (1930). On fossil reptilia from Sokoto Province.
759:
Much of the posterior skull has been crushed or broken away from the holotype. The strongly built
3916:
2985:
2800:
2706:
2303:
874:
463:
378:
316:
124:
4020:
591:
4002:
3994:
3598:
3541:
2946:
2898:
2851:
2792:
2698:
2690:
2290:
2276:
1884:
1822:
1725:
1689:
898:
751:
444:
370:
242:
4007:
2767:
Conrad, J.L. (2008). "Phylogeny and systematics of Squamata (Reptilia) based on morphology".
3873:
3575:
3375:
3309:
3100:
3067:
3039:
3012:
2977:
2938:
2890:
2882:
2843:
2784:
2776:
2680:
2608:
2543:
1980:
1678:. An earlier version of the 2010 analysis found a more typical phylogeny of mosasaurs, with
1246:
985:
957:
894:
771:
are very crushed and distorted out of their original articulation, but were positioned like
657:
602:
477:
550:
Description of IGF 14750 demonstrated significant differences of the Nigerian fossils from
3866:
3802:
3767:
3723:
3605:
3584:
3521:
3506:
1031:
824:
768:
2629:
3739:
3670:
3411:
3357:
2327:
2293:. Precise dating both of deposits have proven difficult due to the absence of reliable
1836:
1675:
807:
779:
3043:
4037:
3843:
3815:
3773:
3746:
3705:
3661:
3391:
3350:
3302:
3104:
3071:
2685:
2298:
1860:
878:
815:
788:
760:
456:
394:
366:
61:
2989:
2804:
2710:
2613:
2592:
925:
is notoriously difficult to classify and is left out of most phylogenetic analyses.
3794:
3688:
3625:
3616:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3530:
3463:
3418:
3384:
3327:
3274:
3253:
3244:
2294:
2053:
1992:
1957:
1930:
1784:
1773:
1764:
1730:
1700:
1694:
1662:
1236:
1082:
1012:
999:
981:
977:
969:
963:
951:
942:
938:
882:
852:
that become blunter towards the back of the tooth row. These fit the morphology of
764:
707:
415:
116:
2966:"Charting the Late Cretaceous seas: Mosasaur richness and morphological diversity"
2942:
2847:
3007:
in the Iullemmeden Basin (West Africa) and its palaeogeographical significance".
1666:, and the other branch with Mosasaurini, were found to be grouped by two unique (
3859:
3852:
3836:
3808:
3787:
3780:
3732:
3677:
3646:
3591:
3483:
3439:
3425:
3402:
3267:
2547:
2235:
2006:
1809:
1779:
1736:
1684:
1667:
1398:
989:
973:
915:
886:
849:
619:
374:
36:
3122:
2669:"A combined evidence phylogenetic analysis of Anguimorpha (Reptilia: Squamata)"
2394:
by Soliar (1988). Lingham-Soliar (1991) mistakenly identified IGF 14750 as the
976:. The results from their analysis of morphology-only characters in extinct and
910:
775:
in life. The prefrontals exclude the frontals from participating in the orbit.
3712:
3698:
3499:
3432:
3336:
3316:
3288:
3157:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2319:
2239:
889:
between vertebrae is not present. The processes that articulate with cervical
735:
718:
679:
671:
468:
400:
326:
197:
81:
46:
3954:
2950:
2929:"A bizarre new plioplatecarpine mosasaurid from the Maastrichtian of Morocco"
2902:
2855:
2796:
2694:
2508:
844:, because of its unique tooth anatomy. Such isolated teeth display a similar
3822:
3639:
3492:
3472:
3343:
3260:
2472:
Lingham-Soliar, T.. (1991). "Mosasaurs from the upper Cretaceous of Niger".
2391:
2272:
2094:
1788:
1751:
488:
141:
86:
3016:
2702:
840:
Many isolated teeth found throughout Cretaceous Nigeria can be assigned to
612:
103:
3948:
3364:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3204:
3003:
Zaborski, P.M.; Morris, N.J. (1999). "The Late Cretaceous ammonite genus
2981:
2395:
2355:
877:
are unknown, several others from along the neck have been preserved. The
687:
496:
358:
226:
210:
181:
161:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1670:) features, the lack of frontal bone bordering the nasal opening, and a
3981:
2354:
with alternating cycles of flooding and evaporation and influence from
2339:
1671:
861:
799:
703:
675:
567:
563:
540:
528:
473:
386:
171:
91:
66:
710:. The nasal openings themselves are relatively small and posterior in
3295:
3216:
2894:
2886:
2788:
2563:
2351:
2343:
2268:
783:
744:
532:
151:
3925:
2566:
of Sokoto: With 2 Plates and 3 Text-figures. By Francis Baron Nopesa
763:
are very narrow, and are broken, although the articulation with the
2870:
2780:
2668:
2367:
2297:, but geologists generally agree that the formations are at least
1644:
909:
750:
699:
575:
536:
512:
500:
492:
443:
436:
has straight teeth with rounded apices adapted for smashing food.
382:
354:
3968:
3085:
Lingham-Solar, T. (1999). "A functional analysis of the skull of
810:. Unlike on other taxa where the supraoccipital is flattened, in
2366:
represented an incipient stage towards a freshwater invasion of
1934:
890:
3929:
3177:
2350:. The Dukamaje Formation may have in particular represented a
828:, while the elongation and slenderness are similar more so to
814:
it has a distinct groove across its midline. The sides of the
2667:
Conrad, J.L.; Ast, J.C.; Montanari, S.; Norell, M.A. (2010).
3173:
1749:
In their 2024 description of the Moroccan plioplatecarpine
941:
in 1988, based on a phylogeny of cranial-only characters.
2370:, which would have been achieved had it not been for the
902:
dorsally, and become less pronounced towards the pelvis.
2591:
de Lapparent de Broin, F.; Chirio, L.; Bour, R. (2020).
2314:
The Iullemmeden Basin was partially submerged under the
523:
respectively recovered additional material cataloged as
2330:
during the Maastrichtian. The region of the basin that
893:
become stronger towards the back of the neck. Multiple
755:
Outdated restored skull based on Azzaroli et al. (1975)
945:
was collapsed into a single unit, so relationships of
487:
in 1930. The holotype material included only isolated
2869:
Zietlow, A.R.; Boyd, C.A.; Van Vranken, N.E. (2023).
3938:
3883:
3760:
3722:
3687:
3660:
3615:
3574:
3540:
3520:
3482:
3462:
3401:
3374:
3326:
3243:
2513:
from the Upper Cretaceous of Sokoto State, Nigeria"
2879:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2769:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2726:"Systematics and Morphology of American Mosasaurs"
795:, being flattened vertically and strongly forked.
3139:"Tongues, venom glands, and the changing face of
2733:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
1787:. The results of their analyses are shown in the
1704:(the latter typically a mosasaurine). A clade of
462:, BMNH R 5674, was found within a section of the
921:Due to its unique characteristics and features,
885:are well developed, but the articulation of the
515:expeditions into same locality sponsored by the
2301:in age based on the occurrence of the ammonite
980:taxa is shown below, collapsed to only display
929:was originally named within its own subfamily,
527:14750. This included more vertebrae, a partial
2429:Authority of the Federal Government of Nigeria
3189:
3092:Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
414:notoriously difficult to classify within the
8:
3901:List of mosasaur-bearing stratigraphic units
655:(6.18:1) among other mosasaurs, followed by
410:in 1972. These unique adaptations have made
2630:Mosasaures du Maastrichtien au sud du Niger
2536:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
3926:
3571:
3537:
3479:
3323:
3196:
3182:
3174:
972:, in a comprehensive 2010 analysis of the
578:was reported on by Lingham-Soliar (1991).
102:
20:
2684:
2612:
2593:"The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull,
547:by Augusto Azzarolli and his colleagues.
2468:
2466:
2464:
1771:. They named this clade—also containing
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2411:
2383:
1688:in derived Mosasaurinae, and the clade
507:described and named as the new species
2762:
2760:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
897:are known from along the back. Their
7:
365:are exclusively known from the Late
2835:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2069:
2045:
2023:
1998:
1973:
1949:
1922:
1900:
1877:
1852:
1828:
1801:
1794:
1524:
1500:
1476:
1452:
1428:
1404:
1333:
1309:
1259:
1252:
1242:
1162:
1095:
1088:
1061:
1037:
1027:
1005:
995:
422:, although most authors agree that
3153:from the original on May 29, 2023.
3133:from the original on June 8, 2023.
2970:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
562:. The generic name recognizes the
450:Florence Museum of Natural History
357:of marine lizard belonging to the
14:
3060:Journal of African Earth Sciences
2562:On Some Reptilian Bones from the
2334:inhabited represented an insular
1674:with a hooked process behind the
3912:
3911:
3453:
3160:
3072:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104878
2686:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00330.x
2254:
968:which would place it within the
740:coronoid process of the mandible
611:
590:
128:
2909:from the original on 2023-10-30
2614:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a25
2372:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction
397:was first described in 1930 as
2390:Originally referred to as the
860:. Teeth from the front of the
618:Size compared to a human as a
1:
4049:Fossil taxa described in 1972
3891:Timeline of mosasaur research
3044:10.1016/s0195-6671(05)80021-7
2943:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105870
2848:10.1080/14772019.2020.1818322
2632:(Report). HAL. pp. 1–75.
2342:environment characterized by
818:are unusually steep, and the
738:combination of the jugal and
2275:(right) environments of the
1652:hunting juvenile plesiosaurs
682:are distorted and flattened
511:. Later from 1969-1971, two
418:and it is often left out of
2548:10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.573
1908:Yaguarasaurus regiomontanus
1318:Plesiotylosaurus crassidens
4075:
3105:10.1127/njgpa/213/1999/355
448:Skull of IGF 14750 at the
426:belonged to Mosasauridae.
119:, based on known fossils.
3909:
3761:Related groups and genera
3451:
3211:
3087:Goronyosaurus nigeriensis
2873:Jormungandr walhallaensis
2091:
2074:
2067:
2050:
2043:
2028:
2021:
2003:
1996:
1978:
1971:
1954:
1947:
1927:
1920:
1905:
1898:
1882:
1875:
1857:
1850:
1833:
1826:
1806:
1799:
1546:
1529:
1522:
1509:Moanasaurus mangahouangae
1505:
1498:
1481:
1474:
1457:
1450:
1433:
1426:
1409:
1402:
1355:
1338:
1331:
1314:
1307:
1285:Goronyosaurus nigeriensis
1281:
1268:Ectenosaurus clidastoides
1264:
1257:
1250:
1240:
1184:
1167:
1160:
1143:
1117:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1066:
1059:
1046:Plioplatecarpus primaevus
1042:
1035:
1025:
1010:
1003:
517:National Research Council
322:
315:
300:Goronyosaurus nigeriensis
293:
286:
125:Scientific classification
123:
110:
101:
23:
1104:Lakumasaurus antarcticus
1070:Platecarpus tympaniticus
690:are placed close to the
539:lacking the rear of the
535:, and a nearly complete
521:National Lincean Academy
472:shales" in northwestern
16:Extinct genus of lizards
3896:List of mosasaur genera
2739:: 1–241. Archived from
992:follow Russell (1967).
873:Although the first two
670:The snout bones of the
572:Farin Doutchi Formation
391:Farin Doutchi Formation
3017:10.1006/cres.1998.0135
2724:Russell, D.A. (1967).
2568:. Nigerian Government.
2267:inhabited the coastal
1728:in a clade containing
1653:
1437:Globidens alabamaensis
1171:Tylosaurus nepaeolicus
918:
756:
652:Tylosaurus nepaeolicus
509:Mosasaurus nigeriensis
452:
4016:Paleobiology Database
1761:phylogenetic analyses
1648:
1533:Plotosaurus bennisoni
1485:Mosasaurus lemonnieri
1359:Prognathodon overtoni
913:
754:
725:(1972) proposed that
644:Most of the skull of
632:body length ratio of
554:. As such, Azzarolli
447:
420:phylogenetic analyses
115:, reconstructed as a
4059:Maastrichtian genera
2982:10.1671/039.029.0212
2628:Michaut, M. (2013).
2316:Trans-Saharan seaway
2031:Selmasaurus russelli
1692:resolved, including
1461:Mosasaurus hoffmanni
1342:Prognathodon solvayi
1188:Hainosaurus bernardi
984:. The placements of
698:to the front of the
597:Life restoration of
440:Discovery and naming
4054:Mosasaurs of Africa
3168:Paleontology portal
3032:Cretaceous Research
3011:. 20=issue: 63–79.
3009:Cretaceous Research
2964:Ross, M.R. (2009).
2934:Cretaceous Research
2595:Ragechelus sahelica
2579:Cretaceous Research
2560:Nopcsa, F. (1925).
2507:Soliar, T. (1988).
2322:that connected the
1550:Plotosaurus tuckeri
1413:Clidastes liodontus
1147:Tylosaurus proriger
1121:Taniwhasaurus oweni
881:are robust and the
808:supraoccipital bone
717:Discussions of the
664:Tylosaurus proriger
649:is most similar to
377:, specifically the
361:family. Fossils of
279:G. nigeriensis
1654:
919:
875:cervical vertebrae
757:
558:named a new genus
464:Dukamaje Formation
453:
379:Dukamaje Formation
4031:
4030:
4003:Open Tree of Life
3932:Taxon identifiers
3923:
3922:
3756:
3755:
3656:
3655:
3599:Plesioplatecarpus
3542:Plioplatecarpinae
3516:
3515:
3449:
3448:
2842:(21): 1769–1804.
2291:Iullemmeden Basin
2277:Iullemmeden Basin
2214:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2105:
1887:plioplatecarpine
1885:Carlile Formation
1823:Plioplatecarpinae
1726:Plioplatecarpinae
1690:Plioplatecarpinae
1642:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1296:
1295:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1132:
1131:
914:Restoration as a
476:and was noted by
371:Iullemmeden Basin
346:
345:
340:
267:
4066:
4024:
4023:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3927:
3915:
3914:
3884:Related articles
3874:Vallecillosaurus
3576:Plioplatecarpini
3572:
3538:
3480:
3457:
3376:Prognathodontini
3324:
3310:Plesiotylosaurus
3198:
3191:
3184:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3154:
3134:
3109:
3108:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2887:10.5531/sd.sp.60
2866:
2860:
2859:
2828:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2730:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2688:
2664:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2504:
2477:
2470:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2431:
2425:
2399:
2388:
2258:
2070:
2046:
2024:
1999:
1981:Plioplatecarpini
1974:
1950:
1923:
1901:
1878:
1853:
1829:
1802:
1795:
1716:In 2020, Strong
1525:
1501:
1477:
1453:
1429:
1405:
1334:
1310:
1260:
1253:
1247:Prognathodontini
1243:
1163:
1096:
1089:
1062:
1038:
1028:
1006:
996:
986:Prognathodontini
958:Plesiotylosaurus
895:dorsal vertebrae
658:Plesiotylosaurus
615:
603:plioplatecarpine
594:
478:Franz von Nopcsa
331:
302:
298:
261:
254:
241:
225:
209:
196:
133:
132:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4006:
4001:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3967:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3934:
3924:
3919:
3905:
3879:
3867:Portunatasaurus
3803:Dolichosauridae
3768:Aigialosauridae
3752:
3724:Yaguarasaurinae
3718:
3683:
3652:
3611:
3606:Plioplatecarpus
3585:Latoplatecarpus
3570:
3536:
3522:Russellosaurina
3512:
3507:Phosphorosaurus
3478:
3458:
3445:
3397:
3370:
3322:
3239:
3207:
3202:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3137:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2666:
2665:
2656:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2559:
2555:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2506:
2505:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2448:
2447:
2434:
2426:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2248:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1297:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1133:
1032:Russellosaurina
931:Goronyosaurinae
908:
871:
848:tapering, with
838:
825:Plioplatecarpus
642:
626:
625:
624:
623:
622:
616:
607:
606:
605:
595:
584:
442:
311:
304:
296:
295:
282:
260:
252:
239:
227:Russellosaurina
223:
207:
194:
127:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4072:
4070:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4012:
3999:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3944:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3740:Russellosaurus
3736:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3671:Pannoniasaurus
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3412:Bentiabasaurus
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3358:Igdamanosaurus
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3156:
3155:
3135:
3127:Oceansofkansas
3117:
3116:External links
3114:
3111:
3110:
3099:(3): 355–374.
3077:
3049:
3038:(2): 137–157.
3022:
2995:
2976:(2): 409–416.
2956:
2919:
2861:
2810:
2775:(310): 1–182.
2756:
2716:
2679:(3): 230–277.
2654:
2635:
2620:
2607:(5): 455–484.
2583:
2570:
2553:
2542:(6): 573–596.
2526:
2509:"The mosasaur
2478:
2476:. 34: 653–670.
2460:
2432:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2328:Gulf of Guinea
2263:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:Russellosaurus
1832:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1676:glenoid cavity
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1002:
994:
907:
906:Classification
904:
870:
869:Axial skeleton
867:
837:
834:
800:occipital unit
798:Generally the
791:is similar to
780:pterygoid bone
734:was instead a
704:external nares
641:
638:
617:
610:
609:
608:
596:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
583:
580:
545:M. nigeriensis
503:which Swinton
499:fragments and
441:
438:
393:of Niger. The
353:is an extinct
344:
343:
342:
341:
320:
319:
313:
312:
305:
291:
290:
284:
283:
275:
273:
269:
268:
250:
246:
245:
237:
230:
229:
221:
214:
213:
205:
201:
200:
192:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4071:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3940:Goronyosaurus
3937:
3933:
3928:
3918:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3844:Tetrapodophis
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:Dolichosaurus
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:Aigialosaurus
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3747:Yaguarasaurus
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3706:Taniwhasaurus
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3662:Tethysaurinae
3659:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:Goronyosaurus
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3392:Thalassotitan
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3351:Harranasaurus
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3303:Megapterygius
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3169:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3141:Goronyosaurus
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2920:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:10.1206/310.1
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2746:on 2016-06-24
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:Geodiversitas
2598:
2596:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2523:(3): 747–762.
2522:
2518:
2517:Palaeontology
2514:
2512:
2511:Goronyosaurus
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:Palaeontology
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:(3): 398–402.
2456:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:Goronyosaurus
2361:
2360:Goronyosaurus
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:Goronyosaurus
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2311:assemblages.
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:Maastrichtian
2296:
2295:index fossils
2292:
2288:
2287:Goronyosaurus
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2265:Goronyosaurus
2257:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:Goronyosaurus
2229:
2228:Goronyosaurus
2222:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2078:Goronyosaurus
2072:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:Yaguarasaurus
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:Goronyosaurus
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:Goronyosaurus
1703:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:Goronyosaurus
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:Goronyosaurus
1656:The clade of
1651:
1650:Goronyosaurus
1647:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
965:
960:
959:
954:
953:
948:
947:Goronyosaurus
944:
940:
936:
935:Goronyosaurus
932:
928:
927:Goronyosaurus
924:
923:Goronyosaurus
917:
912:
905:
903:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:neural spines
876:
868:
866:
863:
859:
858:Goronyosaurus
855:
854:Goronyosaurus
851:
847:
843:
842:Goronyosaurus
835:
833:
831:
827:
826:
821:
817:
813:
812:Goronyosaurus
809:
805:
804:Goronyosaurus
801:
796:
794:
790:
789:ectopterygoid
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
753:
749:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
728:
727:Goronyosaurus
724:
720:
715:
713:
712:Goronyosaurus
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
665:
661:(5.64:1) and
660:
659:
654:
653:
647:
646:Goronyosaurus
639:
637:
635:
630:
629:Goronyosaurus
621:
614:
604:
600:
599:Goronyosaurus
593:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:Goronyosaurus
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:Goronyosaurus
458:
457:type specimen
451:
446:
439:
437:
435:
434:Goronyosaurus
431:
430:Goronyosaurus
427:
425:
424:Goronyosaurus
421:
417:
413:
412:Goronyosaurus
409:
408:Goronyosaurus
405:
404:
402:
396:
395:type specimen
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Maastrichtian
364:
363:Goronyosaurus
360:
356:
352:
351:
350:Goronyosaurus
338:
335:
330:
328:
324:
323:
321:
318:
314:
309:
303:
301:
292:
289:
288:Binomial name
285:
281:
280:
274:
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
257:Goronyosaurus
251:
248:
247:
244:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:Goronyosaurus
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:Maastrichtian
26:
25:Goronyosaurus
22:
19:
3939:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3795:Opetiosaurus
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3689:Tylosaurinae
3676:
3669:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3626:Gavialimimus
3624:
3617:Selmasaurini
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3565:Sarabosaurus
3563:
3558:Ectenosaurus
3556:
3551:Angolasaurus
3549:
3531:Haasiasaurus
3529:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3471:
3464:Halisaurinae
3438:
3431:
3424:
3419:Eremiasaurus
3417:
3410:
3390:
3385:Prognathodon
3383:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:Globidensini
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3275:Gnathomortis
3273:
3266:
3259:
3254:Amphekepubis
3252:
3245:Mosasaurinae
3147:Scienceblogs
3146:
3140:
3126:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2932:
2922:
2911:. Retrieved
2878:
2872:
2864:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2813:
2772:
2768:
2748:. Retrieved
2741:the original
2736:
2732:
2719:
2676:
2672:
2648:
2647:. Series 8.
2644:
2638:
2623:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2573:
2561:
2556:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2473:
2454:
2453:. Series 8.
2450:
2428:
2386:
2363:
2359:
2348:salt marshes
2336:flat coastal
2331:
2313:
2302:
2286:
2284:
2264:
2246:Paleoecology
2236:crocodilians
2231:
2227:
2226:
2218:Paleobiology
2093:
2092:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2054:Gavialimimus
2052:
2051:
2030:
2029:
2005:
2004:
1993:Selmasaurini
1979:
1958:Angolasaurus
1956:
1955:
1931:Ectenosaurus
1929:
1928:
1907:
1906:
1883:
1859:
1858:
1835:
1834:
1808:
1807:
1785:Selmasaurini
1778:
1774:Gavialimimus
1772:
1768:
1765:sister taxon
1756:
1750:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1731:Angolasaurus
1729:
1722:Goronyosarus
1721:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1701:Prognathodon
1699:
1695:Ectenosaurus
1693:
1683:
1679:
1663:Prognathodon
1661:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1548:
1547:
1531:
1530:
1507:
1506:
1483:
1482:
1459:
1458:
1435:
1434:
1411:
1410:
1357:
1356:
1340:
1339:
1316:
1315:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1266:
1265:
1237:Mosasaurinae
1186:
1185:
1169:
1168:
1145:
1144:
1119:
1118:
1102:
1101:
1083:Tylosaurinae
1068:
1067:
1044:
1043:
1013:Halisaurinae
1011:
1000:Mosasauridae
982:Mosasauridae
970:Mosasaurinae
964:Ectenosaurus
962:
956:
952:Prognathodon
950:
946:
943:Mosasaurinae
939:Tylosaurinae
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
883:zygapophyses
872:
857:
853:
841:
839:
829:
823:
820:vidian canal
816:basisphenoid
811:
803:
797:
792:
777:
772:
758:
743:
731:
726:
722:
716:
711:
708:tylosaurines
669:
662:
656:
650:
645:
643:
633:
628:
627:
598:
559:
555:
551:
549:
544:
531:, a partial
508:
504:
484:
467:
466:called the "
459:
454:
433:
429:
428:
423:
416:Mosasauridae
411:
407:
399:
398:
362:
349:
348:
347:
336:
325:
307:
299:
294:
278:
277:
263:
256:
255:
243:Selmasaurini
233:
217:
211:Mosasauridae
188:
112:
24:
18:
4044:Mosasaurids
3860:Judeasaurus
3853:Adriosaurus
3837:Pontosaurus
3809:Coniasaurus
3788:Komensaurus
3781:Carsosaurus
3733:Romeosaurus
3678:Tethysaurus
3647:Selmasaurus
3592:Platecarpus
3484:Halisaurini
3440:Plotosaurus
3426:Moanasaurus
3403:Mosasaurini
3282:Jormungandr
3268:Dallasaurus
3005:Libycoceras
2824:Platecarpus
2651:(2): 21–34.
2309:nannofossil
2304:Libycoceras
2271:(left) and
2240:plesiosaurs
2007:Selmasaurus
1863:columbianus
1810:Tethysaurus
1780:Selmasaurus
1755:, Longrich
1743:Jormungandr
1737:Selmasaurus
1710:Plotosaurus
1685:Plotosaurus
1682:closest to
1668:unambiguous
1399:Mosasaurini
990:Mosasaurini
974:Anguimorpha
937:was within
916:tylosaurine
887:neural arch
846:polymorphic
769:prefrontals
620:mosasaurine
582:Description
491:, a single
403:nigeriensis
375:West Africa
329:nigeriensis
117:mosasaurine
111:Diagram of
4038:Categories
3830:Primitivus
3713:Tylosaurus
3699:Kaikaifilu
3500:Halisaurus
3433:Mosasaurus
3337:Carinodens
3317:Stelladens
3289:Kourisodon
3066:: 104878.
2937:: 105870.
2913:2023-10-30
2750:2017-09-24
2673:Cladistics
2581:12:137-157
2406:References
2324:Tethys Sea
2320:inland sea
2285:All known
830:Tylosaurus
793:Tylosaurus
773:Tylosaurus
736:taphonomic
719:jugal bone
672:premaxilla
634:Tylosaurus
552:Mosasaurus
469:Mosasaurus
401:Mosasaurus
327:Mosasaurus
198:Mosasauria
3823:Kaganaias
3640:Khinjaria
3493:Eonatator
3473:Pluridens
3344:Globidens
3261:Clidastes
3215:Kingdom:
3205:Mosasaurs
2951:0195-6671
2903:0003-0090
2895:2246/7332
2856:1477-2019
2830:ptychodon
2797:0003-0090
2789:2246/5915
2695:0748-3007
2392:lectotype
2340:estuarine
2273:estuarine
2095:Khinjaria
1789:cladogram
1752:Khinjaria
1720:assigned
836:Dentition
761:parietals
696:posterior
684:laterally
667:(5.3:1).
489:vertebrae
306:(Swinton
272:Species:
262:Azzaroli
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
3969:10632921
3949:Wikidata
3917:Category
3365:Xenodens
3235:Squamata
3229:Reptilia
3223:Chordata
3221:Phylum:
3217:Animalia
3151:Archived
3131:Archived
2990:55363105
2907:Archived
2805:85271610
2711:84301257
2703:34875778
2396:holotype
2356:brackish
2009:johnsoni
688:foramina
497:mandible
359:mosasaur
317:Synonyms
204:Family:
182:Squamata
172:Reptilia
162:Chordata
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
4008:4125956
3995:1029132
3982:4821284
3955:Q142060
3233:Order:
3227:Class:
2881:(464).
2344:lagoons
2326:to the
1791:below:
1724:to the
1672:humerus
862:dentary
782:of the
765:frontal
676:maxilla
568:neotype
564:Goronyo
541:cranium
529:humerus
513:Italian
482:Swinton
474:Nigeria
387:Nigeria
369:of the
339:, 1930)
334:Swinton
310:, 1930)
297:†
276:†
266:., 1972
249:Genus:
178:Order:
168:Class:
3296:Liodon
2988:
2949:
2901:
2854:
2803:
2795:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2564:Eocene
2368:rivers
2352:sabkha
2269:lagoon
1757:et al.
1718:et al.
978:extant
899:centra
850:crowns
784:palate
745:Liodon
732:et al.
723:et al.
692:dorsal
680:nasals
556:et al.
533:pelvis
505:et al.
485:et al.
337:et al.
308:et al.
4021:36397
3990:IRMNG
2986:S2CID
2827:'
2821:'
2801:S2CID
2744:(PDF)
2729:(PDF)
2707:S2CID
2378:Notes
2318:, an
1783:—the
1759:used
700:orbit
640:Skull
601:as a
576:Niger
537:skull
501:teeth
493:femur
383:Niger
355:genus
264:et al
234:Clade
218:Clade
189:Clade
3977:GBIF
2947:ISSN
2899:ISSN
2852:ISSN
2793:ISSN
2699:PMID
2691:ISSN
2346:and
2338:and
2238:and
2223:Diet
1935:spp.
1777:and
1734:and
1708:and
1698:and
1660:and
988:and
961:and
891:ribs
778:The
678:and
519:and
455:The
389:and
385:and
37:Preęž’
3964:EoL
3101:doi
3097:213
3068:doi
3064:200
3040:doi
3013:doi
2978:doi
2939:doi
2891:hdl
2883:doi
2844:doi
2832:".
2785:hdl
2777:doi
2773:310
2681:doi
2609:doi
2544:doi
2540:183
1767:to
802:of
574:in
525:IGF
381:of
373:in
4040::
4018::
4005::
3992::
3979::
3966::
3951::
3149:.
3145:.
3129:.
3125:.
3095:.
3062:.
3036:12
3034:.
2984:.
2974:29
2972:.
2968:.
2945:.
2931:.
2905:.
2897:.
2889:.
2877:.
2850:.
2840:18
2838:.
2799:.
2791:.
2783:.
2771:.
2759:^
2737:23
2735:.
2731:.
2705:.
2697:.
2689:.
2677:27
2675:.
2671:.
2657:^
2649:13
2605:42
2603:.
2599:.
2538:.
2521:31
2519:.
2515:.
2481:^
2463:^
2455:52
2435:^
2414:^
2374:.
2242:.
1746:.
955:,
832:.
748:.
714:.
674:,
495:,
236::
220::
191::
87:Pg
3696:?
3197:e
3190:t
3183:v
3143:"
3107:.
3103::
3074:.
3070::
3046:.
3042::
3019:.
3015::
2992:.
2980::
2953:.
2941::
2916:.
2893::
2885::
2871:"
2858:.
2846::
2807:.
2787::
2779::
2753:.
2713:.
2683::
2617:.
2611::
2550:.
2546::
2398:.
2279:.
966:,
332:(
253:â€
240:â€
224:â€
208:â€
195:â€
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
