Gordon Hillman - Knowledge (XXG)

431:. The eight metres of occupation debris spanning about 4000 years of human occupation spans the period during which cultivation of wild cereals and when their domestication is thought to have occurred. The broad picture of plant exploitation is clear: in the Epipalaeolithic (Natufian) levels (phase Abu Hureyra 1) seeds of about 200 wild plant species are present, with about 20 of these as staples, representing a diverse, foraged diet. In the PPNB village (phase Abu Hureyra 2), the plant remains are dominated by 7-8 domesticated plants, including barley and emmer wheat. Other aspects remain hotly debated, particularly with regard to explanation of the causes of this shift in subsistence. Views of the dating of the site and its plant remains are divergent. Radiocarbon dating indicates a 359:

Hillman's Festschrift volume: "Anyone exiting the third floor lift in the Institute of Archaeology in the 1980s and 1990s would have been confronted with the sight of Gordon's office, at times shared with up to three other colleagues and crammed full of books, cereal sheaves and reaping hooks, with at least 1-3 students and visiting colleagues, taking full advantage of his good nature, deep knowledge and awful coffee."

299:. Again, large-scale flotation was applied, resulting in the retrieval of over 500 litres of plant remains; the study of these formed the main subject of Hillman's research for much of the next 25 years. Seeds and herbarium specimens collected in the vicinity of these excavations in Syria and Turkey formed the basis of Hillman's large seed reference collection, today divided between the 25: 386:

ethnoarchaeological work, for example Sarah Mason and Mark Nesbitt in Turkey, Catherine D'Andrea and Ann Butler in Ethiopia, and Leonor Peña-Chocarro and Lydia Zapata in Spain and Morocco. Other scholars acknowledge his influence, for example in work on wild foods in Turkey by Füsun Ertuğ, and on crop-processing in India by S.N. Reddy.

512:, who was excavated in 1984, date to the Iron Age about 2000 years ago. Analysis by Hillman's student Tim Holden found that his last meal was a coarse wheat and barley griddle bread. At Wadi Kubbaniya Hillman observed human coprolites containing seeds. He also collaborated with food scientists Tony Leeds and Peter Ellis at 542:, 1989). He had a major influence on the research infrastructure of archaeobotany, creating large reference collections at the British Institute at Ankara and the Institute of Archaeology, and his reputation raised the profile and credibility of archaeobotany during the critical period of its growth in the 1980s. The 411:

important part in the development in the 1980s of reliable criteria for identification of wheat chaff, particularly separation of tetraploid and hexaploid free-threshing wheat rachises. Working with his students, Hillman explored a wide range of identification techniques including tuber and wood anatomy,

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The nature and cause of changes in plant use in relation to climate are also debated. Hillman originally proposed that wild food plants such as wild einkorn were foraged, in other words, collected from the wild. However, following detailed ecological modelling, Hillman and Moore proposed instead that

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Hillman stressed the importance of first-hand knowledge of the ecology of wild food plants: "...perhaps... for too many years, we in archaeology have imagined that we could somehow research events of considerable ecological complexity - such as those surrounding the inception of cultivation - without

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Hillman, G. C. (2003) Investigating the start of cultivation in western Eurasia: studies of plant remains from Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates. In A. J. Ammerman and P. Biagi (ed.) The widening harvest: the Neolithic transition in Europe: looking back, looking forward, 75–97. Boston, MA, Archaeological

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Hillman, G. C., Madeyska, E. and Hather, J. (1989) Wild plant foods and diet at Late Paleolithic Wadi Kubbaniya: the evidence from charred remains. In F. Wendorf, R. Schild and A. E. Close (ed.) The prehistory of Wadi Kubbaniya. Volume 2. Stratigraphy, paleoeconomy, and environment, 162–242. Dallas,

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remains a major centre for archaeobotanical research. Arguably, his greatest impact was manifested through his students, who extended his approach to other time periods and other parts of the world, and are now in senior positions worldwide. In addition to his impact on the field of archaeobotany,

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in the Czech Republic, dating to about 26,000 radiocarbon years BP. The assemblage included seeds and tubers. Hillman often cited ethnographic studies of hunter-gatherers, often from North America, but also (using his fluent Turkish, Russian and German) from obscure European sources too. In last 20

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Wollstonecroft, Michèle M.; Ellis, Peter R.; Hillman, Gordon C.; Fuller, Dorian Q. (6 June 2008). "Advances in plant food processing in the Near Eastern Epipalaeolithic and implications for improved edibility and nutrient bioaccessibility: an experimental assessment of Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.)

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level occupied for c. 1000 years between c. 13,100 to 12,000 calendar years before present (years BP), and a PPNB level dating from 10,000–9300 years BP. However, the final excavation report proposed continuous occupation on the basis of the distribution of radiocarbon dates, and also proposed the

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in 1989. Hillman's reputation had spread worldwide by the 1980s, reflected in the geographical diversity of plant remains and students coming to the Institute. Students were also attracted by his enthusiasm and kindness. Something of the atmosphere of that period is conveyed in the introduction to

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in Greece put Hillman's results onto a firmly quantified basis, and this mode of interpretation of plant remains - in terms of crop processing stages such as winnowing and sieving - is now a standard component of archaeobotany, particularly in the Old World. Many of Hillman's students carried out

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river in eastern Turkey. This was a pioneering multi-disciplinary excavation of four sites around the village of Aşvan, led by David French and involving a wide range of specialists, including those from anthropology, geography, zoology and botany. Here Hillman implemented a large-scale flotation

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Reinterpretation of the Abu Hureyra plant remains will continue, both as new archaeobotanical data and theory arises from new excavations, and will be accelerated in the event of further analysis of the Abu Hureyra assemblages. The final publication summarises the results by seed density; it is

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Difficulty in identifying the fragmented plant remains characteristic of early sites led Hillman to build an excellent seed reference collection. His identification guides often circulated in handwritten and drawn form. They were most influential with regard to wheat identification, playing an

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In the early 1970s Hillman recognised that traditional crop-processing in the mostly unmechanised village of Asvan led to distinctive, consistent assemblages of crop seeds, chaff and weed seeds that could also be recognised in archaeobotanical samples. Contemporary analysis of archaeobotanical

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Hillman's first post after study in Germany was as research fellow at the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (now the British Institute at Ankara), where a short-term stint of fieldwork turned into a stay from 1969 to 1975. The intended doctoral dissertation with Maria Hopf was never

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that the diverse wild seeds of the Natufian period may derive from burning of dung in the relatively little forested area of the Syrian steppe; Hillman and colleagues countered with the difficulty of collecting dung from wild animals. The extent to which the wild flora of pre-agrarian sites

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Hillman, G. C. (1996) Late Pleistocene changes in wild plant-foods available to hunter-gatherers of the northern Fertile Crescent: possible preludes to cereal cultivation. In D. R. Harris (ed.) The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia, 159–203. London, UCL

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climate event at about 12,900 to c. 11,700 years BP. Connolly and Colledge propose instead that the observed shift in plant consumption to less desirable foodstuffs at Abu Hureyra 1 simply reflects the greater scarcity of wild cereals under the effects of the cooler, drier

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Mason, S. L. R., Hather, J. G. and Hillman, G. C. (2002) The archaeobotany of European hunter-gatherers: some preliminary investigations. In S. L. R. Mason and J. G. Hather (ed.) Hunter-gatherer archaeobotany, 188–196. London, Institute of Archaeology, University College

480:, the bushcraft instructor. Incorporating copious experiments in processing to remove toxicity and improve taste, and extensive use of ethnographic and archaeobotanical data, the resulting plant profiles are currently being edited and released by colleagues at UCL. 470:

in Egypt, dating to c. 18000 calendar years BP and rich in tuber remains. Seeds previously identified as domesticated cereal grains were shown to be mis-identified or intrusive from later layers. With his student Sarah Mason he also studied plant remains from

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domestication. They concluded that selective pressures meant that morphological domestication in the form of loss rachis fragility could occur within 200 generations, thus 200 years for this annual crop. Current interpretations of archaeological data by

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and others had recognised this variation, with the implication that ancient seed assemblages could not be treated uncritically as representative of crop use, but had not identified the close association with crop processing stages. Further fieldwork by

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Wollstonecroft, M., Ellis, P. R., Hillman, G. C. and Fuller, D. Q. (2008) Advances in plant food processing in the Near Eastern Epipalaeolithic and implications for improved edibility and nutrient bioaccessibility: an experimental assessment of

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Peña-Chocarro, Leonor; Peña, Lydia Zapata; Urquijo, Jesús Emilio González; Estévez, Juan José Ibáñez (2009), "Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) cultivation in mountain communities of the western Rif (Morocco):: An ethnoarchaeological project",

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Hillman, G. C. (1984) Interpretation of archaeological plant remains: the application of ethnographic models from Turkey. In W. van Zeist and W. A. Casparie (ed.) Plants and ancient man. Studies in palaeoethnobotany, 1–41. Rotterdam, A.A.

347:), by David Harris, the Institute's Professor of Human Environment. At the Institute of Archaeology he held the post of Lecturer in Archaeobotany, then Reader, then Visiting Professor having retired early in 1997 on grounds of ill health. 212:. He has been described as "a pivotal figure in the development of archaeobotany at the Institute of Archaeology at University College London, through his research, publications and teaching had a major influence on the field worldwide." 821:

Nesbitt, M., Bates, J., Hillman, G. & Mitchell, S. (2017). The Archaeobotany of Aşvan: Environment & Cultivation in Eastern Anatolia from the Chalcolithic to the Medieval Period. London: British Institute at Ankara, Monograph

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Mason, Sarah L. R.; Hather, Jon G.; Hillman, Gordon C. (1994). "Preliminary investigation of the plant macro-remains from Dolní Věstonice II, and its implications for the role of plant foods in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe".

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Hillman, Gordon; Wales, Sue; McLaren, Frances; Evans, John; Butler, Ann (1993). "Identifying Problematic Remains of Ancient Plant Foods: A Comparison of the Role of Chemical, Histological and Morphological Criteria".

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Hillman, Gordon (1996). "Late Pleistocene changes in wild plant-foods available to hunter-gatherers of the northern Fertile Crescent: possible preludes to cereal cultivation". In Harris, David R. (ed.).

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Arranz-Otaegui, Amaia; González Carretero, Lara; Roe, Joe; Richter, Tobias (April 2018). ""Founder crops" v. wild plants: Assessing the plant-based diet of the last hunter-gatherers in southwest Asia".

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Hillman, G. C. (1982) Evidence for spelting malt. In R. Leech (ed.) Excavations at Catsgore 1970–1973: a Romano-British village, 137–141. Bristol, Western Archaeological Trust, Excavation Monograph 2.

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finds from Can Hasan III was published in interim reports. Many of Hillman's other students worked on agrarian sites; for the Near East these included Mike Charles in Iraq, and Sue Colledge in Syria.

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Hillman, G. C. (1981) Reconstructing crop husbandry practices from charred remains of crops. In R. Mercer (ed.) Farming practice in British prehistory, 123–162. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.

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climate. In wider context, wild cereal and legume cultivation is widely accepted as likely at PPNA sites (11,600-10,500 years BP), but is not generally accepted for Epipalaeolithic sites.

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in general and Lindow Man's gut contents in particular. In I. M. Stead, J. B. Bourke and D. Brothwell (ed.) Lindow Man: the body in the bog, 99–115, 198–202. London, British Museum.

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period. Hillman also carried out experimental harvesting of wild cereals, leading to highly influential work with the geneticist Stuart Davies on modelling the potential speed of

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in Greece, and numerous sites in Wales. These were not the main focus of his later work, and most of these remain to be fully published, with the exception of the PPNB layers of

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Hillman had a strong interest in hunter-gatherer diet independent of agricultural origins. Aside from Abu Hureyra, he also studied plant remains from the Palaeolithic site of

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D’Andrea, Catherine; Lyons, Diane; Haile, Mitiku; Butler, Ann (1999), "Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to the Study of Prehistoric Agriculture in the Highlands of Ethiopia",

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Hillman, G. C. (1985) Traditional husbandry and processing of archaic cereals in modern times. Part II, the free-threshing cereals. Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 2, 1–31.

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Fuller, Dorian Q; Stevens, Chris; McClatchie, Meriel (2014), "Routine Activities, Tertiary Refuse, and Labor Organization:: Social Inferences from Everyday Archaeobotany",

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and others point instead to a prolonged process of domestication; nonetheless the debate is framed by the evolutionary theory and field data set out by Hillman and Davies.

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Hillman, Gordon (2003). "Investigating the start of cultivation in western Eurasia: studies of plant remains from Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates". In Ammerman, A.J. (ed.).

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Hillman, Gordon (2003). "Investigating the start of cultivation in western Eurasia: studies of plant remains from Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates". In Ammerman, A.J. (ed.).

2558: 2443: 2608:. Turner, R. C. (Rick C.), Scaife, R. G. (Rob G.), British Museum. Trustees. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press. 1995. 659:

Hillman, G. C. (1984) Traditional husbandry and processing of archaic cereals in modern times. Part I, the glume-wheats. Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 1, 114–152.

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Hillman was briefly married to Wendy MacInnes, and is survived by their daughter and three grandsons. He suffered from Parkinson's disease and died on 1 July 2018.

394:, for which his 1996 paper and 2000 book make extensive use of current day plant distribution to model the availability of wild cereals and other foodstuffs in the 701:

Hillman, G. C.; Davies, M. S. (1990). "Measured domestication rates in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation, and their archaeological implications".

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Willcox, George; Buxo, Ramon; Herveux, Linda (January 2009). "Late Pleistocene and early Holocene climate and the beginnings of cultivation in northern Syria".

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Willcox, George; Buxo, Ramon; Herveux, Linda (January 2009). "Late Pleistocene and early Holocene climate and the beginnings of cultivation in northern Syria".

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Reddy, Seetha Narahari (June 1997). "If the Threshing Floor Could Talk: Integration of Agriculture and Pastoralism during the Late Harappan in Gujarat, India".

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Hillman and Harris formed an effective team, most notably in fieldwork in Syria and Turkmenistan, and in organising the conference session at the Southampton

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Moore, A. M. T., Hillman, G. C. and Legge, A. J. (2000) Village on the Euphrates: from foraging to farming at Abu Hureyra. New York, Oxford University Press.

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Hillman, G. C.; Hedges, R.; Moore, A.; Colledge, S.; Pettitt, P. (2001). "New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates".

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Hillman worked on material from many agricultural sites, including Can Hasan III and the Asvan project in Turkey, the PPNB layers of Abu Hureyra in Syria,

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Colledge, Sue; Conolly, James (2010). "Reassessing the evidence for the cultivation of wild crops during the Younger Dryas at Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria".

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Davies, M. S.; Hillman, G. C. (1988). "Effects of soil flooding on growth and grain yield of populations of tetraploid and hexaploid species of wheat".

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Moore, A. M. T.; Hillman, G. C. (1992). "The Pleistocene to Holocene Transition and Human Economy in Southwest Asia: The Impact of the Younger Dryas".

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of central Turkey, where large-scale flotation recovered early domesticated plants, including rye. From 1970-73 Hillman joined the excavations at the

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system for the second time, and carried out the ethnoarchaeological work on crop-processing that has been so influential in Old World archaeobotany.

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programme 'Wild Food' broadcast in 2007. In conjunction with Mears he wrote a book to accompany the series also called 'Wild Food' and published by

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years, post-retirement, reconstructing the potential foraging diet of pre-agrarian Britain became Hillman's main project, in part carried out with

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Harris, D. R. and Hillman, G. C. (1989) Foraging and farming: The evolution of plant exploitation. London, Unwin Hyman, One World Archaeology 13.

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completed, and Hillman never acquired a doctoral degree. From 1975 to 1981 he was a part-time lecturer at the University of Wales, Cardiff (now

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ever needing to come to grips with the ecological detail". The results of his botanical fieldwork were most fully explored for the site of

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to Joyce (née Connett) and Albert Hillman on 20 July 1943. He was interested in plants from an early age; his father owned Knights, a local

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HILLMAN, GORDON C.; DAVIES, M. STUART (January 1990). "6. Domestication rates in wild-type wheats and barley under primitive cultivation".

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Mason, Sarah; Nesbitt, Mark (2009), "Acorns as food in southeast Turkey:: Implications for prehistoric subsistence in Southwest Asia",

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Hillman's research was underpinned by long periods of botanical and archaeological fieldwork. His first excavation (1969–70) was the

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Hillman, Gordon (December 1978). "On the Origins of Domestic Rye—Secale Cereale: the Finds from Aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey".

307:. Subsequent field trips followed, with a focus on the ecology of wild cereals, to eastern Turkey and Syria in 1983 with Professor 2009:

Hillman, G. C.; Legge, A. J.; Rowley-Conwy, P. A. (1997). "On the Charred Seeds from Epipalaeolithic Abu Hureyra: Food or Fuel?".

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Harris, David R. (2009), "Gordon Hillman and the development of archaeobotany at and beyond the London Institute of Archaeology",

496:, studied by Dominique de Moulins, and the Asvan sites studied by Jennifer Bates and Mark Nesbitt. Important material such as the 3008: 782:

Fairbairn, A.; Martinoli, D.; Butler, A.; Hillman, G. C. (2006). "Wild plant seed storage at Neolithic Çatalhöyük East, Turkey".

587:. These looked at strategies for the gathering, processing and storage of wild plants that were likely to have been available in 2459:

The archaeobotany of Aşvan : environment & cultivation in eastern Anatolia from the Chalcolithic to the Medieval period

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Despite taking early retirement in his mid-fifties, Hillman published over 80 papers (many very long), two co-authored books (

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Hillman, Gordon (December 1973). "Crop Husbandry and Food Production: Modern Basis for the Interpretation of Plant remains".

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Hillman, G. C. (1978). "On the origins of domestic rye – Secale cereale: the finds from aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey".

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Hillman, Gordon (1978). "On the Origins of Domestic Rye—Secale Cereale: the Finds from Aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey".

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The morphological and anatomical interpretation and identification of charred vegetative parenchymatous plant remains

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Willcox, George (2009), "Gordon Hillman's pioneering influence on Near Eastern archaeobotany, a personal appraisal",

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presence of domesticated rye grains in the Natufian period; both propositions are disputed. It has been suggested by

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Hillman was also highly influential in popularising foraging of wild plant foods through his work with Ray Mears.

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Two sets of archaeological food remains sparked Hillman's wider interest in ancient food. The stomach contents of

38: 3023: 2918: 888: 395: 344: 189: 513: 518: 268: 2880: 953: 922: 412: 248: 1293: 584: 339:) and part-time archaeobotanist for the Welsh archaeological trusts. In 1981 he was head-hunted to the 2542: 3003: 2998: 2661: 2552: 2180: 2062: 1920: 1866: 1318:

Fairbairn, Andrew S.; Weiss, Ehud (2009), "Introduction:: In honour of Professor Gordon C. Hillman",

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Well built Mycenae : the Helleno-British excavations within the citadel at Mycenae, 1959-1969

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Hillman's contributions to understanding of ancient diet and food procurement were in five areas:

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the wild cereals had been under cultivation, probably in response to desiccation caused by the

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Moore, Andrew M. T. (2009), "Gordon Hillman, Abu Hureyra and the development of agriculture",

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likely that full quantification and renewed identification efforts will lead to fresh views.

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Agricultural changes at Euphrates and steppe sites in the mid-8th to the 6th millennium B.C

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Ancient Anatolia : fifty years' work by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara

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represents food remains is likewise debated at other archaeological sites of this period.

205: 818:(L.) Palla (sea club-rush). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 17, Supplement 1, 19–27. 2665: 2184: 2066: 1924: 1870: 750: 2845:

The widening harvest: the Neolithic transition in Europe: looking back, looking forward

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Ertuğ, Füsun (2009). "Wild plant foods: Routine dietary supplements or famine foods?".

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The widening harvest: the Neolithic transition in Europe: looking back, looking forward

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French, David (1972). "Excavations at Can Hasan III 1969-1970". In Higgs, Eric (ed.).

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Mears, R. and Hillman, G. C. (2007) Wild food. London, Hodder & Stoughton.

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Hillman, G. C. (1986) Plant foods in ancient diet: the archaeological role of

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Plant exploitation on Epipalaeolithic and early Neolithic sites in the Levant

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In 2004 Hillman was awarded the Distinguished Economic Botanist award by the

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Shennan, Stephen (2018), "The Origins of Agriculture in South-West Asia",

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Agriculture in Lowland Mesopotamia in the Late Uruk Early Dynastic period

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Village on the Euphrates : from foraging to farming at Abu Hureyra

1032: 714: 634: 489: 129: 107: 2981: 2335: 2117: 1802: 1752: 1727:"Archaeology, Percival, and the problems of identifying wheat remains" 1443:, Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman, Oxbow Books, pp. 71–85, 2901:"Gordon Hillman, archaeobotanist and co-star of Wild Food – obituary" 856:"Gordon Hillman, archaeobotanist and co-star of Wild Food – obituary" 323: 244: 2503: 1363: 1016: 626: 2109: 2022: 1979: 559:. In 2009 former students and colleagues presented Hillman with a 415:

and other forms of chemical analysis. and morphological criteria.

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Village on the Euphrates. From foraging to farming at Abu Hureyra

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The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia

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From Foragers to Farmers: Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman

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From Foragers to Farmers: Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman

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From Foragers to Farmers: Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman

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From Foragers to Farmers: Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman

516:, leading to nutritional analyses of acorns and sea club-rush ( 318:

Hillman's final fieldwork was to initiate archaeobotany at the

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Foraging and farming: the evolution of plant exploitation

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Foraging and farming: the evolution of plant exploitation

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He became well known on UK television via his work with

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Bog bodies : new discoveries and new perspectives

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The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa

177: 167: 152: 144: 136: 114: 89: 70: 1826:Identification guide for Near Eastern grass seeds 427:, Syria, remain central to any research into the 2816:Fairbairn, Andrew S.; Weiss, Ehud, eds. (2009). 2728:Fairbairn, Andrew S.; Weiss, Ehud, eds. (2009). 982:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181–190. 251:, in 1969 he went to Mainz in Germany to study 2704:"Gordon C. Hillman complete publications list" 2143:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 16–54, 3014:Academics of the UCL Institute of Archaeology 8: 2557:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2442:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 291:In 1972-3 Hillman joined the excavations at 2766:The Ray Mears & Woodlore Bushcraft Blog 204:(20 July 1943 – 1 July 2018) was a British 2414:. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. 2391:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1399: 1397: 182:British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara 67: 2951: 1698: 1632:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1167:Moore), A. M. T. (Andrew Michael (2000). 697:TX, Southern Methodist University Press. 419:Origins of agriculture in southwest Asia 326:, Turkmenistan, in 1989, 1990 and 1992. 49:of all important aspects of the article. 1720: 1718: 840:In Memoriam, Gordon Hillman (1943-2018) 832: 429:beginnings of farming in southwest Asia 354:of 1986 that led to the publication of 2899:Obituaries, Telegraph (20 July 2018). 2629: 2550: 2435: 2384: 1571:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1078: 854:Obituaries, Telegraph (20 July 2018). 45:Please consider expanding the lead to 3034:Academics of the University of London 2576:. Oxford, England: J. and E. Hedges. 2220: 2218: 1906: 1904: 1434: 1432: 1263: 1261: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1162: 1160: 156:Distinguished Economic Botanist, 2004 7: 2865:at the Institute of Archaeology, UCL 2654:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 947: 945: 943: 849: 847: 784:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 343:, University of London (now part of 16:British archaeobotanist and academic 3044:Alumni of the University of Reading 2924:. 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2018-08-15. 889:"Professor Gordon Hillman obituary" 2788:"Distinguished Economic Botanists" 1644:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb01611.x 1294:"Harris, David Russell, 1930-2013" 687:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087699 14: 2919:Professor Gordon Hillman obituary 1475:, Springer US, pp. 101–122, 538:, 2007), and one co-edited book ( 2541:Peter, Charles, Michael (1989). 2410:de., Moulins, Dominique (1997). 2227:The prehistory of Wadi Kubbaniya 1933:10.1179/146141010x12640787648504 78: 23: 3019:People with Parkinson's disease 2936:"Gordon C. Hillman (1943–2018)" 2075:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.02.011 1609:. UCL Press. pp. 159–203. 1540:. Oxbow Books. pp. 64–70. 37:may be too short to adequately 2879:Jones, Martin (23 July 2018). 1665:Fuller, D. Q. (28 July 2007). 952:Jones, Martin (23 July 2018). 921:Jones, Martin (23 July 2018). 47:provide an accessible overview 1: 2336:"Wild Plant Foods of Britain" 1795:10.1080/00438243.1993.9980230 980:Papers in Economic Prehistory 352:World Archaeological Congress 240:in London from 1960 to 1965. 2225:Fred., Wendorf (1986–1989). 1481:10.1007/978-1-4757-6730-8_10 1201:"Gordon Hillman (1943-2018)" 371:Archaeobotanical methodology 305:UCL Institute of Archaeology 243:After studying agricultural 210:UCL Institute of Archaeology 2982:Wild Plant Foods of Britain 2792:Society for Economic Botany 2141:The First Farmers of Europe 703:Journal of World Prehistory 557:Society for Economic Botany 301:British Institute at Ankara 236:, Cumbria, and then at the 3060: 2859:(Autobiographical article) 2762:"Professor Gordon Hillman" 2340:foragerplants.blogspot.com 2055:Quaternary Science Reviews 759:10.1191/095968301678302823 2953:10.1038/s41477-018-0239-1 2881:"Gordon Hillman obituary" 2674:10.1007/s00334-008-0162-x 2273:10.1017/S0003598X00046184 2149:10.1017/9781108386029.003 1962:Miller, Naomi F. (1996). 1913:Environmental Archaeology 1406:Ancient Plants and People 954:"Gordon Hillman obituary" 923:"Gordon Hillman obituary" 796:10.1007/s00334-006-0069-3 345:University College London 195: 190:University College London 160: 77: 2930:at University of Reading 2652:Palla (sea club-rush)". 2302:Raymond., Mears (2007). 2193:10.1177/0959683608098961 1879:10.1177/0959683608098961 1725:Hillman, Gordon (2001). 1506:From Foragers to Farmers 1441:From Foragers to Farmers 1320:From Foragers to Farmers 1235:From Foragers to Farmers 1134:From Foragers to Farmers 1102:From Foragers to Farmers 544:Institute of Archaeology 341:Institute of Archaeology 216:Early life and education 3009:British anthropologists 2874:Memoir by Dorian Fuller 2820:. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 2708:www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk 2572:Sue., Colledge (2001). 816:Bolboschoenus maritimus 519:Bolboschoenus maritimus 423:The plant remains from 269:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 3029:British archaeologists 2934:Nesbitt, Mark (2018). 2636:: CS1 maint: others ( 2457:Nesbitt, Mark (2017). 1824:Nesbitt, Mark (2006). 1583:10.1006/jaar.1997.0308 1085:: CS1 maint: others ( 585:Hodder & Stoughton 413:infra-red spectroscopy 238:Natural History Museum 2395:) CS1 maint: others ( 1751:J.G., Hather (1988). 778:Institute of America. 514:King's College London 148:University of Reading 3039:People from Hailsham 2011:Current Anthropology 1968:Current Anthropology 591:, (hunter-gatherer) 462:Hunter-gatherer diet 220:Hillman was born in 208:and academic at the 2869:Memoir by Ray Mears 2666:2008VegHA..17S..19W 2185:2009Holoc..19..151W 2067:2018QSRv..186..263A 1925:2010EnvAr..15..124C 1871:2009Holoc..19..151W 1759:discovery.ucl.ac.uk 751:2001Holoc..11..383H 484:Ancient agriculture 2098:American Antiquity 1683:10.1093/aob/mcm048 895:. 15 August 2018. 715:10.1007/bf00974763 571:In popular culture 473:Dolní Věstonice II 337:Cardiff University 297:Andrew M. T. Moore 249:Reading University 186:Cardiff University 2985:by Gordon Hillman 2976:Full bibliography 2492:Anatolian Studies 1783:World Archaeology 1352:Anatolian Studies 1005:Anatolian Studies 615:Anatolian Studies 199: 198: 162:Scientific career 64: 63: 3051: 3024:Archaeobotanists 2965: 2955: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2858: 2839: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2635: 2627: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2556: 2548: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2433: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2390: 2382: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2222: 2213: 2212: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1908: 1899: 1898: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1712: 1702: 1671:Annals of Botany 1662: 1656: 1655: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1436: 1427: 1426: 1401: 1392: 1391: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1265: 1256: 1255: 1230: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1164: 1155: 1154: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1076: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1000: 994: 993: 975: 969: 968: 966: 964: 949: 938: 937: 935: 933: 918: 912: 911: 909: 907: 885: 879: 878: 876: 874: 851: 842: 837: 807: 770: 726: 690: 675:Annals of Botany 646: 607:Key publications 283:Project, on the 121: 99: 97: 82: 68: 59: 56: 50: 27: 19: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3048: 2989: 2988: 2972: 2933: 2909: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2887: 2878: 2855: 2842: 2828: 2815: 2812: 2810:Further reading 2807: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2740: 2732:. 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Harris 265: 218: 206:archaeobotanist 145:Alma mater 132: 123: 119: 110: 101: 95: 93: 85: 73: 60: 54: 51: 44: 32:This article's 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3057: 3055: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2978: 2971: 2970:External links 2968: 2967: 2966: 2931: 2925: 2916: 2896: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2853: 2840: 2826: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2779: 2753: 2738: 2720: 2695: 2643: 2615:978-0714123059 2614: 2597: 2583:978-1841711904 2582: 2564: 2533: 2482: 2467: 2449: 2421:978-0860549222 2420: 2402: 2369: 2352: 2327: 2312: 2294: 2267:(258): 48–57. 2250: 2236:978-0870742163 2235: 2214: 2179:(1): 151–158. 2163: 2157: 2131: 2110:10.2307/280936 2104:(3): 482–494. 2088: 2044: 2031:10.1086/204651 2023:10.1086/204651 2017:(4): 651–655. 2001: 1980:10.1086/204514 1974:(3): 521–528. 1954: 1919:(2): 124–138. 1900: 1865:(1): 151–158. 1849: 1835:978-0905853413 1834: 1816: 1772: 1743: 1714: 1677:(5): 903–924. 1657: 1622: 1616:978-1857285383 1615: 1596: 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