Goth subculture - Knowledge (XXG)

2080:, outlooks, and a "way of seeing and of being seen". In more recent years, goths have been able to meet people with similar interests, learn from each other and take part in the scene through social media, manifesting in the same practices which take place in goth clubs. This is not a new phenomenon since before the rise of social media online forums had the same function for goths. Observers have raised the issue of to what degree individuals are truly members of the goth subculture. On one end of the spectrum is the "Uber goth", a person who is described as seeking a pallor so much that they apply "as much white foundation and white powder as possible". On the other end of the spectrum exists what another writer terms " 2294:

the assault on her boyfriend Robert Maltby. In delivering the sentence, Judge Anthony Russell stated, "This was a hate crime against these completely harmless people targeted because their appearance was different to yours". He went on to defend the goth community, calling goths "perfectly peaceful, law-abiding people who pose no threat to anybody". Judge Russell added that he "recognised it as a hate crime without Parliament having to tell him to do so and had included that view in his sentencing". Despite this ruling, a bill to add discrimination based on subculture affiliation to the definition of hate crime in British law was not presented to parliament.

856: 427: 1742:, Rice's characters were depicted as self-tormentors who struggled with alienation, loneliness, and the human condition. Not only did the characters torment themselves, but they also depicted a surreal world that focused on uncovering its splendour. These Chronicles assumed goth attitudes, but they were not intentionally created to represent the gothic subculture. Their romance, beauty, and erotic appeal attracted many goth readers, making her works popular from the 1980s through the 1990s. While Goth has embraced 1247: 697: 2445:"The Doors are not pleasant, amusing hippies proffering a grin and a flower; they wield a knife with a cold and terrifying edge. The Doors are closely akin to the national taste for violence, and the power of their music forces each listener to realize what violence is in himself".... "The Doors met New York for better or for worse at a press conference in the gloomy vaulted wine cellar of the Delmonico hotel, the perfect room to honor the Gothic rock of the Doors". 1314: 963: 893: 1420: 165: 7256: 321: 1258:

a distinction between the Sid Vicious archetype of black spiky hair and black leather jacket in contrast to the gender ambiguous individuals wearing makeup. The first is the early goth gig-going look, which was essentially punk, whereas the second evolved into the Batcave nightclub look. Early goth gigs were often very hectic affairs, and the audience dressed accordingly.

1083: 7239: 44: 1265:-based Victorian and Elizabethan pomposity of the 2000s, the more Romantic side of 1980s trad-goth—mainly represented by women—was characterized by new wave/post-punk-oriented hairstyles (both long and short, partly shaved and teased) and street-compliant clothing, including black frill blouses, midi dresses or tea-length skirts, and floral lace tights, 1969: 2328:, some goth teens are more likely to harm themselves or attempt suicide. A medical journal study of 1,300 Scottish schoolchildren until their teen years found that the 53% of the 25 goth teens sampled had attempted to harm themselves and 47% had attempted suicide. The study found that the "correlation was stronger than any other predictor". 2302:

themselves. Viewers often engage closely with these YouTubers, asking them for advice on how to deal with related personal struggles and getting responses in the form of personal messages or videos. These interactions take the form of an informal mentoring which contributes to the building of solidarity within the goth scene.

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blood-drinking to the amoral panoply of drug abuse, problem drinking and empty sex practiced by their human counterparts", many of these so-called "human counterparts" identified with the teen angst and goth music references therein, keeping the book in print. Upon release of a special 10th anniversary edition of

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Some of the early gothic rock and deathrock artists adopted traditional horror film images and drew on horror film soundtracks for inspiration. Their audience responded by adopting appropriate dress and props. Use of standard horror film props such as swirling smoke, rubber bats, and cobwebs featured

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described goth fashion as a "profusion of black velvets, lace, fishnets and leather tinged with scarlet or purple, accessorized with tightly laced corsets, gloves, precarious stilettos and silver jewelry depicting religious or occult themes". Of the male "goth look", goth historian Pete Scathe draws

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she suffered in the attack. It later emerged that the attackers had attacked the couple because they were goths. On 29 April 2008, two of the attackers, Ryan Herbert and Brendan Harris, were convicted for the murder of Lancaster and given life sentences. Three others were given lesser sentences for

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talked of being bullied as a goth at school and how difficult it was for her to deal with societal pressure: "Kids can be pretty judgmental about people who are different. But instead of breaking down and conforming, I stood firm. That is also probably why I was unhappy. My mother was mortified and

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In the 1980s, goths decorated their walls and ceilings with black fabrics and accessories like rosaries, crosses and plastic roses. Black furniture and cemetery-related objects such as candlesticks, death lanterns and skulls were also part of their interior design. In the 1990s, the interior design

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The gothic subculture has influenced different artists—not only musicians—but also painters and photographers. In particular their work is based on mystic, morbid and romantic motifs. In photography and painting the spectrum varies from erotic artwork to romantic images of vampires or ghosts. There

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contains gothic imagery and themes that demonstrate the links between blackness and the gothic; themes and images of "premonitions, curses, prophecies, spells, veils, demonic possessions, graves, skeletons" are present, suggesting gothic influence. Other classic themes of the gothic are present in

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The authors held that most self-harm by teens was done before joining the subculture, and that joining the subculture would actually protect them and help them deal with distress in their lives, while cautioning that the study was based on a small sample size and needed replication to confirm the

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described academic research that indicated that goths are "refined and sensitive, keen on poetry and books, not big on drugs or anti-social behaviour". Teens often stay in the subculture "into their adult life", and they are likely to become well-educated and enter professions such as medicine or

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A more recent phenomenon is the emergence of goth YouTubers who very often address the prejudice and violence against goths. These personalities create videos as a response to problems that they personally face, which include challenges such as bullying, and dealing with negative descriptions of

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in October 1992. Despite the fact that Brite's first novel was criticized by some mainstream sources for allegedly "lack a moral center: neither terrifyingly malevolent supernatural creatures nor (like Anne Rice's protagonists) tortured souls torn between good and evil, these vampires simply add

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is common among the scene: "androgyny in Goth subcultural style often disguises or even functions to reinforce conventional gender roles". It was only "valorised" for male goths, who adopt a "feminine" appearance, including "make-up, skirts and feminine accessories" to "enhance masculinity" and

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Though sexual empowerment is not unique to women in the goth scene, it remains an important part of many goth women's experience: The scene's "celebration of active sexuality" enables goth women to "resist mainstream notions of passive femininity". They have an "active sexuality" approach which

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over teen involvement in goth subculture and a number of other activities, such as violent video games. Harris and Klebold had initially been thought to be members of "The Trenchcoat Mafia", an informal club within Columbine High School. Later, such characterizations were considered incorrect.

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is a genre of fiction that combines romance and dark elements to produce mystery, suspense, terror, horror and the supernatural. According to David H. Richter, settings were framed to take place at "...ruinous castles, gloomy churchyards, claustrophobic monasteries, and lonely mountain roads".

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creates "gender egalitarianism" within the scene, as it "allows them to engage in sexual play with multiple partners while sidestepping most of the stigma and dangers that women who engage in such behavior" outside the scene frequently incur, while continuing to "see themselves as strong".

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noted: "The costumes and ornaments are a glamorous cover for the genre's somber themes. In the world of Goth, nature itself lurks as a malign protagonist, causing flesh to rot, rivers to flood, monuments to crumble and women to turn into slatterns, their hair streaming and lipstick askew".

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Curtis' death wrapped an already mysterious group in legend. From the press eulogies, you would think Curtis had gone to join Chatterton, Rimbaud and Morrison in the hallowed hall of premature harvests. To a group with several strong Gothic characteristics was added a further piece of

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store, but who does not know much about goth subculture or its music, thus making them a poseur. In one case, even a well-known performer has been labelled with the pejorative term – a "number of goths, especially those who belonged to this subculture before the late-1980s, reject

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Curtis may project like an ambidextrous barman puging his physical hang-ups, but the 'Gothic dance music' he orchestrates is well-understood by those who recognise their New Wave frontiersmen and know how to dance the Joy Division! A theatrical sense of timing, controlled

3655:"Serene, thoughtful and creative, ethergoths are defined by their affinity ... darkwave and classically inspired Gothic music. Ethergoths are more likely to be found sipping tea, writing poetry and listening to the Cocteau Twins than jumping up and down at a club." 1473: 2150:, involving 1,258 youth interviewed at ages 11, 13, 15 and 19, found goth subculture to be strongly nonviolent and tolerant, thus providing "valuable social and emotional support" to teens vulnerable to self harm and mental illness. 2025:

Since the late 1970s, the UK goth scene refused "traditional standards of sexual propriety" and accepted and celebrated "unusual, bizarre or deviant sexual practices". In the 2000s, many members "claim overlapping memberships in the

1010:. Fielding said in an interview that he himself had been a goth at age fifteen and that he had a series of goth girlfriends. This was the first time he dabbled in makeup. Fielding said that he loved his girlfriends dressing him up. 2110:

law. The subculture carries on appealing to teenagers who are looking for meaning and for identity. The scene teaches teens that there are difficult aspects to life that you "have to make an attempt to understand" or explain.

1135:' 1980 gig at Futurama: " modeling her newest outfit, the one that will influence how all the girls dress over the next few months. About half the girls at Leeds had used Sioux as a basis for their appearance, hair to ankle". 564:

The Goth subculture of the 1980s drew inspiration from a variety of sources. Some of them were modern or contemporary, others were centuries-old or ancient. Michael Bibby and Lauren M. E. Goodlad liken the subculture to a

2190:, was interested in goth subculture. Gill's self-professed love of Goth culture was the topic of media interest, and it was widely reported that the word "Goth", in Gill's writings, was a reference to the alternative 229:

wrote, concerning their music, "arallels and comparisons can now be drawn with gothic rock architects like the Doors and, certainly, early Velvet Underground". In March 1979, in his review of Magazine's second album

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The F-Club and the Futurama festival, both set up and run by Leeds promoter, John Keenan, have become entrenched in the shared memory of post-punks and goths as spaces where goth rock was born in the form it is now

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after the attack, wrote in his online journal: "I'm so sick of hearing about jocks and preps making life hard for the goths and others who look different, or are different". Gill described himself in his profile on

1879:, Australia. The central characters are deeply entrenched in the local gothic subculture, with the book exploring themes relevant to the characters, notably unemployment, mental health, politics, and relationships. 89:

The goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify and spread throughout the world. Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from 19th-century

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and attempted suicide ", and that it was most possibly due to self-selection, with people committing self harm joining the goth subculture in order to get support from individuals with similar experiences.

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In 2013, police in Manchester announced they would be treating attacks on members of alternative subcultures, such as goths, the same as they do for attacks based on race, religion, and sexual orientation.

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dressed their models as "glamorous ghouls dressed in form-fitting suits and coal-tinted cocktail dresses". Swedish designer Helena Horstedt and jewelry artist Hanna Hedman also practice a goth aesthetic.

770:, marked the arrival in the New World of dark, romantic storytelling. The tale was composed by Irving while he was living in England, and was based on popular tales told by colonial Dutch settlers of the 1578:

As the subculture became well-established, the connection between goth and horror fiction became almost a cliché, with goths quite likely to appear as characters in horror novels and film. For example,

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Men dress up in an androgynous way: "Men 'gender blend,' wearing makeup and skirts". In contrast, the "women are dressed in sexy feminine outfits" that are "highly sexualized" and which often combine "

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within post-punk, and followers of these bands started to come together as a distinctly recognizable movement. They may have taken the "goth" mantle from a 1981 article published in UK rock weekly

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Gothic fashion is marked by conspicuously dark, antiquated and homogeneous features. It is stereotyped as eerie, mysterious, complex and exotic. A dark, sometimes morbid fashion and style of

3181: 4907: 807:(1890–1937), and other tragic and Romantic writers have become as emblematic of the subculture as the use of dark eyeliner or dressing in black. Baudelaire, in fact, in his preface to 1706:, in which a public access channel broadcast hosted by unpopular young goths would continually be interrupted by the more "normal" kids in school. The sketch featured series regulars 1107:

hosted the Soirée Moratoire Noir party, specifying "tenue tragique noire absolument obligatoire" (black tragic dress absolutely required). The event included elements associated with

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An etiquette guide to "gently persuade others in her chosen subculture that being a polite Goth is much, much more subversive than just wearing T-shirts with "edgy" sayings on them".

2215:" and he stated that "Metal and Goth kick ass". An image gallery on Gill's Vampirefreaks.com blog had photos of him pointing a gun at the camera or wearing a long black trench coat. 4734: 1750:

take on the vampire mythos has had a "special resonance" in the subculture. Her vampire novels feature intense emotions, period clothing, and "cultured decadence". Her vampires are

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in Northern England, which had opened in 1977 firstly as a punk club, became instrumental to the development of the goth subculture in the 1980s. In July 1982, the opening of the

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written by author and poet Liisa Ladouceur with illustrations done by Gary Pullin. This non-fiction book describes over 600 words and phrases relevant to Goth subculture.

1799:—the same periodical that criticized the novel's "amorality" a decade prior—deemed it a "modern horror classic" and acknowledged that Brite established a "cult audience". 236:, Kent noted there was "a new austere sense of authority" in the music, with a "dank neo-Gothic sound". Later that year, the term was also used by Joy Division's manager, 2084:" – "goth wannabes, usually young kids going through a goth phase who do not hold to goth sensibilities but want to be part of the goth crowd". It has been said that a " 4881: 4809: 2332:

results. The study was criticized for using only a small sample of goth teens and not taking into account other influences and differences between types of goths.

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Siegel, Carol (2007). "That Obscure Object of Desire Revisited: Poppy Z. Brite and the Goth Hero as Masochist". In Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (eds.).

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kept telling me how horrible and ugly I looked. Strangers would walk by with a look of shock on their face, so I never felt pretty. I just always felt awkward".

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presence". Mercer stated that "Kimveer Gill listened to metal", "He had nothing whatsoever to do with Goth" and further commented "I realise that like many

7321: 4835: 4781: 759: 2122:"; however, in the scene, drug use was varied. Goth is one of the few subculture movements that is not associated with a single drug, in the way that the 1653:

kids. The goth kids are usually depicted listening to gothic music, writing or reading Gothic poetry, drinking coffee, flipping their hair, and smoking.

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Typical characters consisted of the cruel parent, sinister priest, courageous victor, and the helpless heroine, along with supernatural figures such as

1637:, several of the fictional schoolchildren are depicted as goths. The goth kids on the show are depicted as finding it annoying to be confused with the 5981: 505:

became key figures for the genre to expand on an nationwide level. The popularity of 4AD bands resulted in the creation of similar US labels, such as

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monsters, but they are also stunningly attractive. Rice's goth readers tend to envision themselves in much the same terms and view characters like

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Goth fashion has a reciprocal relationship with the fashion world. In the later part of the first decade of the 21st century, designers such as

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Includes a lengthy explanation of Gothic history, music, fashion, and proposes a link between mystic/magical spirituality and dark subcultures.

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The 1990s saw further growth for some 1980s bands and the emergence of many new acts, as well as new goth-centric US record labels such as

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themes became more noticeably serious in the subculture. The interconnection between horror and goth was highlighted in its early days by

4717: 2166:, portrayed them as part of a gothic cult. An increased suspicion of goth subculture subsequently manifested in the media. This led to a 289:, Keaton asked: "Could this be the coming of Punk Gothique? With Bauhaus flying in on similar wings could it be the next big thing?" The 6810: 6256: 4997: 4218: 5510: 5467: 4375: 4070: 3759: 2245:, Kimveer Gill may even have believed he somehow was a Goth, because they're only really noted for spectacularly missing the point". 1672: 5227:

Hannaham, James (1997). "Bela Lugosi's Dead and I Don't Feel So Good Either: Goth and the Glorification of Suffering in Rock Music".

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as one of their heirs: "If you listen to a band like Play Dead, who I really like, Joy Division played similar music to Play Dead."

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is a marked preference for dark colours and sentiments, similar to Gothic fiction. At the end of the 19th century, painters like

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covers the Italian goth scene, including fashion, sexuality, music, art and literature. Some magazines, such as the now-defunct

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who has been known for her goth aesthetic, has been at the forefront of what has been dubbed the "Succubus Chic" trend of 2023.

5587:"Prevalence of Deliberate Self Harm and Attempted Suicide within Contemporary Goth Youth Subculture: Longitudinal Cohort Study" 1003: 950:

genres. Through their lyrics, the band tackled issues such as misogyny and racism, giving them significant underground appeal.

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Throughout the evolution of the goth subculture, classic Romantic, Gothic and horror literature has played a significant role.

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released much of this music in Europe, and through a vibrant import music market in the US, the subculture grew, especially in

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wrote "the definitive Northern Gothic statement". However, it was not until the early 1980s that gothic rock became a coherent

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have given repeat features to a select few gothic fashion designers who began their labels in the 1990s, such as Kambriel,

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In part because of public misunderstanding surrounding gothic aesthetics, people in the goth subculture sometimes suffer

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is about "two versions of Goths – the ancient Roman peoples and the black-clad teenagers" and is set in LA in the 1990s.

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stated that Gill was "not a Goth. Never a Goth. The bands he listed as his chosen form of ear-bashing were relentlessly

640:(1905–1980). Writers that have had a significant influence on the movement also represent a diverse canon. They include 3916:

Smethurst, James (Spring 2001). "Invented by Horror: The Gothic and African American Literary Ideology in Native Son".

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music genre. Post-punk artists who presaged the gothic rock genre and helped develop and shape the subculture include

3872:"FAQ Archives: Why aren't the goth kids in the class w/ the rest of the kids when they show them all at their desk?" 3328: 1491:, but as time went on, bands and members of the subculture took the connection more seriously. As a result, morbid, 620:

The figures that the movement counted among its historic canon of ancestors were equally diverse. They included the

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who had arrived in the wake of Joy Division and Siouxsie and the Banshees". Bauhaus's first single issued in 1979, "

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as gothic club décor from the beginning in The Batcave. Such references in bands' music and images were originally

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provided a prominent meeting point for the emerging scene, which would be briefly labelled "positive punk" by the

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Fickett, Travis (20 November 2008). "IGN: The Ungroundable Review". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved 2008-11-23.

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Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (2007). "Introduction". In Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (eds.).

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recalled "several strong Gothic characteristics" in the music of Joy Division. In 1984, Joy Division's bassist

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Bohn, Chris. "Northern gloom: 2 Southern stomp: 1. (Joy Division: University of London Union – Live Review)".

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Kent, Nick (29 July 1978). "Banshees make the Breakthrough live review – London the Roundhouse 23 July 1978".

2138:. A 2006 study of young goths found that those with higher levels of goth identification had higher drug use. 1953: 924: 6862: 6750: 6130: 6125: 5702: 4810:"Terror in Littleton: The Shunned; For Those Who Dress Differently, an Increase in Being Viewed as Abnormal" 3745: 2312: 2212: 2175: 1765: 1136: 1045: 1041: 629: 486: 478: 431: 4283: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 6333: 6323: 6104: 5532: 4380: 4016: 3237: 1738: 1593: 1501: 1478: 877: 466: 3085:"Back in black: Goth has risen from the dead – and the 1980s pioneers are (naturally) not happy about it" 2944:"Back in black: Goth has risen from the dead – and the 1980s pioneers are (naturally) not happy about it" 2694: 1875:

Brian Craddock's 2017 novel Eucalyptus Goth charts a year in the life of a household of 20-somethings in

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and Robert Maltby, were attacked by a group of teenagers. Lancaster subsequently died from the severe

931:", as a foundation of modern goth style and music. Some people credit the band Bauhaus' first single " 696: 7311: 7030: 6566: 6079: 5726:

A chronological/aesthetic history of Goth covering the spectrum from Gothic architecture to the Cure.

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became the dominant youth cult". As a result, the goth movement went underground and fractured into

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eras. The style most often includes dark (usually solid black) attire, dark makeup, and black hair.

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the novel, such as transgression and unstable identities of race, class, gender, and nationality.

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designers, many of whom continue to evolve the style to the present day. Style magazines such as

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brought elements of goth to runways. This was described as "Haute Goth" by Cintra Wilson in the

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Some Wear Leather, Some Wear Lace. The Worldwide Compendium of Post Punk and Goth in the 1980s

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concluded that "identification as belonging to the Goth subculture was the best predictor of

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Richter, David H. (1987). "Gothic Fantasia: The Monsters and The Myths: A Review-Article".

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While goth is a music-based scene, the goth subculture is also characterized by particular

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in a dimly lit wine-cellar, which he called "the perfect room to honor the Gothic rock of

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John Stickney (24 October 1967). "Four Doors to the Future: Gothic Rock Is Their Thing".

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created a storybook atmosphere filled with darkness and shadow in some of his films like

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By the mid-1980s, bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular, including

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Kent, Nick (31 March 1979). "Magazine's Mad Minstrels Gains Momentum (Album review)".

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black hair and black period-styled clothing. Both male and female goths can wear dark

962: 892: 7275: 7205: 7135: 7105: 6995: 6852: 6795: 6431: 6401: 6220: 6215: 6185: 6180: 6099: 6038: 5731: 5707: 5477: 5348: 5061: 4463: 4438: 3849: 2341: 2269:, outsiders sometimes marginalize goths, either by intention or by accident. Actress 2204: 1992: 1957: 1849: 1811: 1747: 1711: 1668: 1667:

is a fictional character and the mother in the Addams Family. Morticia was played by

1354: 1342: 1297:

Cintra Wilson declares that the origins of the dark romantic style are found in the "

1270: 1188: 1164: 1053: 1007: 939: 771: 641: 482: 462: 392: 122: 5888:

A global view of the goth scene from its birth in the late 1970s to the present day.

5570: 4028: 3977: 3951: 7210: 7140: 7120: 7055: 7025: 7005: 7000: 6934: 6829: 6645: 6496: 6411: 6292: 6210: 6165: 6074: 3619: 2948: 2135: 2114: 1937: 1715: 1707: 1561: 1492: 1346: 1282: 1254: 1224: 1172: 1100: 998: 700: 543: 522: 412: 396: 348: 263: 225:. In a live review about a Siouxsie and the Banshees' concert in July 1978, critic 222: 186: 185:

was coined by music critic John Stickney in 1967 to describe a meeting he had with

130: 126: 83: 4422: 4048: 1223:

and dark fingernail polish, most especially black. Styles are often borrowed from

363:

The bands that defined and embraced the gothic rock genre included Bauhaus, early

5277: 5134:"Self Harm in Goth Youth Subculture: Study Merely Reinforces Popular Stereotypes" 17: 7175: 7115: 7020: 6985: 6964: 6954: 6929: 6917: 6905: 6722: 6700: 6447: 6426: 6406: 6389: 6297: 6241: 6175: 6006: 5840: 5816: 5603: 5149: 5027: 3244:. Author – Simon Hattenstone. Published 1 February 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2017. 3042: 2556:

Des Moines (26 October 1979). "Live review by Des Moines (Joy Division Leeds)".

2391:

Farin, Klaus; Wallraff, Kirsten; Archiv der Jugendkulturen e.V., Berlin (1999).

2290: 2218: 2195: 2167: 1929: 1925: 1882:

In 2023, several books about the music genre and the subculture, were released.

1807: 1605: 1571: 1566: 1550: 1527: 1506: 1419: 1409: 1334: 1266: 1193: 1168: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1122: 1118: 1049: 1020: 710: 661: 657: 590: 527: 498: 237: 181: 164: 154: 95: 63: 5010:

Polly Curtis and John Carvel. "Teen goths more prone to suicide, study shows".

4795: 4684: 6939: 6867: 6717: 6660: 6457: 6374: 6205: 6195: 6140: 6011: 5100: 2668: 2620:

a definitive Northern Gothic statement: guilt-ridden, romantic, claustrophobic

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Because it is unsettling, it is like sinister and gothic, it won't be played.

2508: 2458: 2346: 2282: 2262: 2234: 2230: 2077: 1996: 1919: 1770: 1759: 1629: 1522: 1392: 1330: 1200: 1096: 947: 677: 535: 416: 336: 320: 272: 268: 202: 110: 55: 5612: 5554: 5546: 5381: 5085:"Self Harm in Goth Youth Subculture: Conclusion Relates Only to Small Sample" 4430: 4080: 7180: 7155: 7050: 7010: 6990: 6969: 6949: 6900: 6760: 6695: 6680: 6535: 6421: 6384: 6150: 6033: 6023: 5892: 5299:

An Evening's Entertainment: The Age of the Silent Feature Picture, 1915–1928

5265: 4689: 2317: 2254: 2242: 2089: 2085: 2071: 2058: 2031: 1892: 1865: 1733: 1732:

A prominent American literary influence on the gothic scene was provided by

1638: 1220: 1065: 669: 598: 578: 566: 531: 340: 332: 226: 210: 190: 118: 67: 5630: 5517: 5167: 5118: 4554: 1082: 489:, where many nightclubs featured "gothic/industrial" nights and bands like 5797: (2005). "Communicating Goth: On-line Media". In Gelder, Ken (ed.). 5698:

A first-person account of an individual's life within the Goth subculture.

4626:"For Those Who Dress Differently, an Increase in Being Viewed as Abnormal" 102:. The subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. 7185: 6482: 6416: 6054: 5916:

Gothic Charm School: An Essential Guide for Goths and Those Who Love Them

5770:

Covering literature, music, cinema, BDSM, fashion, and subculture topics.

4270: 4246: 2825: 2179: 2127: 1876: 1326: 1212: 1140: 943: 614: 435: 388: 368: 352: 286: 254:", is generally credited as the starting point of the gothic rock genre. 79: 5389: 4003: 2371:

Schillerndes Dunkel. Geschichte, Entwicklung und Themen der Gothic-Szene

2088:" is a teen who dresses in a goth style and spends time in malls with a 43: 7160: 7015: 6302: 5562: 4715:

Shooting by Canadian trench coat killer affects industrial / goth scene

3937: 2199: 1988: 1980: 1968: 1847:

included goth fiction and poetry. Other magazines cover fashion (e.g.,

1444: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 738: 730: 582: 339:

during the late 1970s and early 1980s as a distinct branch of American

261:

described Joy Division as "Gothic" and "theatrical". In February 1980,

7262: 3606: 946:, pioneered the 'Riot Goth' sound, combining elements of the goth and 403:. Near the peak of this first generation of the gothic scene in 1983, 7145: 7035: 6277: 5204:

Grunenberg, Christoph (1997). "Unsolved Mysteries: Gothic Tales from

2652:

The Evolution of Goth Culture: The Origins and Deeds of the New Goths

2226: 2183: 2123: 2081: 2050: 1603:

film series drew directly on goth music and style. The dark comedies

1496: 1240: 302: 290: 5864:

An exploration of the modern state of the Goth subculture worldwide.

4152:"Book Review: 'Encyclopedia Gothica' – Liisa Ladouceur – Terrorizer" 3978:"Fiction review: The American Fantasy Tradition by Brian M. Thomsen" 3929: 1746:

both in its 19th century form and in its later incarnations, Rice's

109:

preferred by goths includes a number of styles such as gothic rock,

5418:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. pp. 335–356. 3172:"The zine sharing feminist stories to keep riot goth alive | Dazed" 30:

This article is about the subculture. For the Germanic tribes, see

7040: 6614: 6160: 5959: 3176: 2821:– The Cure : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards : AllMusic" 2278: 2039: 2027: 1967: 1815: 1471: 1387:

have also been associated with the fashion trend. In Spring 2004,

1312: 1245: 1081: 854: 734: 726: 695: 425: 319: 294: 267:

qualified the same band as "masters of this Gothic gloom". Critic

163: 106: 42: 31: 4836:"Christina Hendricks: 'I was bullied at school for being a goth'" 4581: 4579: 4577: 5189:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. pp. 1–37. 3286:

The Face (issue 34, page 26, republished at Shapersofthe80s.com)

2035: 1924:

Visual contemporary graphic artists with this aesthetic include

1819: 1160: 1060:

and keyboardist Jonathan Melton aka Jonny Slut, who evolved the

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Keaton, Steve (21 February 1981). "The Face of Punk Gothique".

2265:. As is the case with members of various other subcultures and 935:", released in August 1979, with the start of goth subculture. 817:) penned lines that could serve as a sort of goth malediction: 133:

fashion and the dressing styles of earlier periods such as the

5229:

Gothic: Transmutations of Horror in Late-Twentieth-Century Art

5210:

Gothic: Transmutations of Horror in Late-Twentieth-Century Art

5032: 3450: 2745: 2493: 2476: 2106: 1778:

The re-imagining of the vampire continued with the release of

1650: 1649:" in season 12, and even more frustrating to be compared with 1413: 1127: 957: 887: 474: 313:

in a special issue with a front cover in early 1983. The term

7221: 1235:

periods. It also frequently expresses pagan, occult or other

601:. Among the mythologies that proved influential in Goth were 3474:"Skinny Eyebrows Are the Latest '90s Beauty Trend to Return" 2908:"Dark Nights: Goth Didn't Die in the '80s — It's Multiplied" 2012:

approach of the 1980s was replaced by a less macabre style.

1835:

was a gothic subculture magazine founded in 1982. In Italy,

5709:

Gothic: Four Hundred Years of Excess, Horror, Evil and Ruin

5248:

The Gothic and the Gothic Carnivalesque in American Culture

4320: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2277:

On 11 August 2007, while walking through Stubbylee Park in

240:

on 15 September in an interview for the BBC TV programme's

1826:, similarly took an international look at the subculture. 839:

It is Boredom! — an eye brimming with an involuntary tear,

6551: 5918:. Illustrated by Venters, Pete. New York: HarperCollins. 4766:

CBC News: Montreal gunman called himself 'angel of death'

2539: 2537: 1517:. The film featured gothic rock group Bauhaus performing 754:

is one of the first writers who explored this genre. The

5438:

The Sympathy of Things: Ruskin and the Ecology of Design

5301:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1999:, both annually attracting tens of thousands of people. 4882:"Life jail trms for teenage thugs who killed goth girl" 4400: 4398: 4122:"Encyclopedia Gothica: Liisa Ladouceur Explains It All" 4095:"Book Review: Encyclopedia Gothica, by Liisa Ladouceur" 3792:

Johanna Lenander, "Swede and Sour: Scandinavian Goth,"

2395:(Orig.-Ausg. ed.). Bad Tölz: Tilsner. p. 23. 1910:

as a "superb history of the dark and all its risings".

1482:, an influence in the early days of the goth subculture 1117:

was particularly influential on the dress style of the

974: 904: 5585:

Young, Robert; Sweeting, Helen; West, Patrick (2006).

4939:"Sophie's family and friends vow to carry on campaign" 2970:

Klosterman, Chuck (June 2003), "Who: Marilyn Manson",

2871:

Rambali, Paul. "A Rare Glimpse into A Private World".

2118:

reported that a "glue binding the scene together was

2097:

as a poseur who undermines the true meaning of goth".

1056:, of Christian Death; Olli Wisdom, leader of the band 841:

He dreams of the gallows while smoking his water-pipe.

569:. Among the music-subcultures that influenced it were 5875:. Church Stretton, England: Independent Music Press. 5801:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 567–574. 4908:"Two teenagers sentenced to life over murder of Goth" 3820:

Modell, Josh (19 November 2008). "The Ungroundable".

1559:(1993), which was produced/co-written by Burton, and 1269:, spike heels (pumps), and pointed toe buckle boots ( 823:

C'est l'Ennui! —l'œil chargé d'un pleur involontaire,

2743:

North, Richard (19 February 1983). "Punk Warriors".

2062:

facilitate traditional heterosexual courting roles.

62:

during the early 1980s. It was developed by fans of

6978: 6886: 6838: 6743: 6623: 6587: 6513: 6440: 6367: 6311: 6270: 6234: 6118: 6047: 5999: 5484:. London: AAPPL Artists' and Photographers' Press. 4735:"Chronologie d'un folie (Kimveer's online Journal)" 3952:"Fiction Book Review: Lost Souls by Poppy Z. Brite" 3500:"Succubus chic: get to know the deadly new It Girl" 2425:"The Doors : Articles & Reviews Year 1967" 1068:was dubbed as "the grand lord of gothic lushness". 5706: 5320:. Illustrated by Pullin, Gary. Toronto: ECW Press. 4834: 4709: 4707: 4533: 4531: 2937: 2935: 2933: 5057:"Goth subculture may protect vulnerable children" 4599:"Goth subculture may protect vulnerable children" 4585: 2509:"Something Else [featuring Joy Division]" 209:adjective was used to describe the atmosphere of 125:. The Gothic fashion style draws influences from 5652:Goth Chic: A Connoisseur's Guide to Dark Culture 5482:Gothic Fantasies: The Paintings of Anne Sudworth 5279:Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined 1979:There are large annual goth-themed festivals in 709:(1818) has come to define Gothic fiction in the 5736:. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications. 3754:. New York: Chronicle Books. pp. 100–109. 2194:and goth subculture rather than a reference to 5401:The Art of Darkness : The History Of Goth 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 2598:"Joy Division: Someone Take These Dreams Away" 1239:. Gothic fashion and styling may also feature 6567: 5975: 5733:Goth Craft: The Magickal Side of Dark Culture 5350:Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984 5250:. Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press. 3707: 3705: 3703: 2650:Spracklen, Karl; Spracklen, Beverley (2018). 2581:Joy Division are masters of this Gothic gloom 1956:is often described as gothic. British artist 1627:, and a few episodes of the animated TV show 835:—Hypocrite lecteur,—mon semblable,—mon frère! 520:, among others. According to Dave Simpson of 8: 5685:. San Francisco, California: Manic D Press. 5022: 5020: 4486: 4284:"The Cursed Paintings of Zdzisław Beksiński" 4178:"REVIEW: Encyclopedia Gothica – Macleans.ca" 3282:"69 Dean Street: The Making of Club Culture" 3121: 2996: 2890:Houghton, Jayne (June 1984). "Crime Pays!". 2718:"69 Dean Street: The Making of Club Culture" 843:You know him, reader, this delicate monster, 317:was then used to describe old-school goths. 47:A woman dressed in gothic style in the 1980s 5955:An illustrated view of the goth subculture. 4376:"Goth Culture: Gender, Sexuality and Style" 3378: 3376: 3363: 3361: 2685:"A City in Music – Leeds: Goth ground zero" 2174:Media reported that the gunman in the 2006 1952:. The artwork of Polish surrealist painter 1736:'s re-imagining of the vampire in 1976. In 831:Tu le connais, lecteur, ce monstre délicat, 526:, "n the 90s, goths all but disappeared as 6574: 6560: 6552: 5982: 5968: 5960: 5836:An international survey of the Goth scene. 4724:Side-line.com. Retrieved on 13 March 2007. 4498: 3773: 3771: 3732: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3711: 3626:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 97. 3436: 3415: 3382: 3367: 3157: 3133: 3078: 3076: 3074: 1633:portray or parody the goth subculture. In 1305:is an expert in the history of the style. 1002:featured a recurring goth character named 5671:Goth Culture: Gender, Sexuality and Style 5620: 5602: 5536: 5440:. Rotterdam, Netherlands: V2_Publishing. 5157: 5108: 4685:"Inside the Columbine High investigation" 4510: 3808: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3145: 3020: 1696:A recurring sketch in the 1990s on NBC's 1460:Learn how and when to remove this message 5873:Worldwide Gothic: A Chronicle of a Tribe 5083:Taubert, Mark; Kandasamy, Jothy (2006). 4990:"Manchester goths get police protection" 4405:Karampampas, Panas (13 September 2020). 4307: 4238:The Art of Darkness: The History of Goth 3777:La Ferla, Ruth: "Embrace the Darkness". 3403: 3352: 2858: 2846: 2802: 2790: 2543: 2528: 2249:Prejudice and violence directed at goths 2003:is the biggest goth festival in Poland. 1960:published a book on gothic art in 2007. 1888:The Art of Darkness: The History of Goth 1317:Two goths in Victorian-inspired clothing 1182:, and the 1990s saw a surge of US-based 1178:The 1980s established designers such as 1036:Goth icons include several bandleaders: 927:, perhaps best known for his 1956 song " 845:—Hypocrite reader,—my twin,—my brother! 827:Il rêve d'échafauds en fumant son houka. 7234: 4361: 4349: 3629: 3609:from the Chicago Tribune, 27 April 1999 3008: 2630: 2628: 2515:from the original on 11 December 2021. 2362: 2162:, media reports about the teen gunmen, 1103:known for her dark eyeshadow. In 1977, 706:Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus 560:Art, historical and cultural influences 4522: 4337: 3525:"What is the succubus-chic aesthetic?" 3170:Ewens, Hannah Rose (1 December 2015). 2511:. BBC television . 15 September 1979. 1575:is also based on the goth subculture. 785:The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad 5503:Season of the Witch: The Book of Goth 4843:from the original on 11 January 2022. 4262:Season of the Witch: The Book of Goth 3911: 3909: 3900: 3575: 3573: 3571: 2683:Deboick, Sophia (17 September 2020). 1902:Season of the Witch: The Book of Goth 7: 5776:Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture 5757:(in Spanish). Quarentena Ediciones. 5458:; Park, Jennifer (21 October 2008). 4796:Mick Mercer talks about Kimveer Gill 4455:Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture 4065:. Pullin, Gary. Toronto: ECW Press. 3679:Wilson, Cintra (17 September 2008). 3607:Disturbed Shooters Weren't True Goth 3449:Holiday, Steven (12 December 2014). 2393:Die Gothics: Interviews, Fotografien 1442:adding citations to reliable sources 1086:A gothic model pictured in June 2008 758:-era "American Gothic" story of the 581:. But it also drew inspiration from 7317:Youth culture in the United Kingdom 6257:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement 4743:. 15 September 2006. Archived from 3472:Michie, Natalie (3 February 2023). 3327:Stevens, Jenny (15 February 2013). 3083:Simpson, Dave (29 September 2006). 2942:Simpson, Dave (29 September 2006). 2463:(album liner notes). Verve Records. 550:was seen as a "goth-shock icon" by 7322:Youth culture in the United States 5580:from the original on 16 July 2016. 5282:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. 5028:"Goths 'more likely to self-harm'" 4855:"Goth couple badly hurt in attack" 4683:Cullen, Dave (23 September 1999). 4553:Morgan, Fiona (16 December 1998). 4374:Spooner, Catherine (28 May 2009). 3580:La Ferla, Ruth (30 October 2005). 3556:(in European Spanish). 12 May 2023 3280:Johnson, David (1 February 1983). 2760:Ohanesian, Liz (4 November 2009). 2662:Stewart, Ethan (13 January 2021). 2654:. Emerald Publishing. p. 46. 1896:as a "new magestrial survey", and 1857:) or culture and lifestyle (e.g., 1565:(2005), which he co-produced. The 1215:, typical gothic fashion includes 271:would later say that their singer 25: 5753:Fuentes Rodríguez, César (2007). 4965:"Call for hate crimes law change" 4963:Smyth, Catherine (4 April 2008). 4937:Henfield, Sally (29 April 2008). 3843:Modell, Josh (19 November 2008). 3305:Harriman, Andi; Bontje, Marloes: 3238:Noel Fielding: rocking a new look 3204:Pettigrew, Jason (17 July 2015). 3184:from the original on 19 July 2015 3104:) pored over gothic literature – 2914:. 1 November 2019. Archived from 1196:, and Tyler Ondine of Heavy Red. 327:—live in concert, 3 February 2006 7254: 7237: 5851:. London: Reynolds & Hearn. 2762:"The LA Deathrock Starter Guide" 2716:Johnson, David (February 1983). 2158:In the weeks following the 1999 2036:bondage-discipline/sadomasochism 1418: 1040:, of Siouxsie and the Banshees; 961: 891: 5329:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 4652:Janelle Brown (23 April 1999). 4586:Young, Sweeting & West 2006 4555:"The devil in your family room" 4120:Rouner, Jef (28 October 2011). 1505:, a 1983 vampire film starring 1429:needs additional citations for 1250:A gothic clothing store in 2010 880:invented a new kind of Gothic. 5713:. New York: North Port Press. 4996:. 5 April 2013. Archived from 4906:Pilling, Kim (29 April 2008). 4808:Goldberg, Carey (1 May 1999). 4624:Goldberg, Carey (1 May 1999). 4464:10.2752/9781847888747/goth0012 2160:Columbine High School massacre 2126:subculture is associated with 1556:The Nightmare Before Christmas 925:Jalacy "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins 1: 6526:Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael 6283:Le Phonographique (1979–2005) 4880:Byrne, Paul (29 April 2008). 4654:"Doom, Quake and mass murder" 4423:10.1080/13676261.2019.1646892 3453:. Portland, OR: Holiday Media 2457:Loder, Kurt (December 1984). 2164:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold 2101:Media and academic commentary 1822:. His previous 1997 release, 1180:Drew Bernstein of Lip Service 7091:List of gothic fiction works 5132:Phillipov, Michelle (2006). 5055:Gaia Vince (14 April 2006). 3878:. 6 May 2004. Archived from 3641:Aurelio Voltaire Hernandez: 1671:in the 1964 television show 1227:and—more currently—from the 1027:Characteristics of the scene 613:, and various traditions of 6771:Gothic revival architecture 6344:Convergence (goth festival) 6110:List of gothic rock artists 5778:. Oxford: Berg Publishers. 5604:10.1136/bmj.38790.495544.7C 5353:. London: Faber and Faber. 5297:Koszarski, Richard (1994). 5150:10.1136/bmj.332.7551.1215-b 4969:manchestereveningnews.co.uk 3799:Access date: 29 March 2009. 2198:music. Gill, who committed 764:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 546:, and Medieval folk metal. 331:Outside the British scene, 7338: 6531:Murder of Sophie Lancaster 5673:. Oxford: Berg Publishers. 5208:to the Hair Eating Doll". 4798:mickmercer.livejournal.com 4061:Liisa., Ladouceur (2011). 4017:Interview with Mick Mercer 4004:Interview with Mick Mercer 3794:New York Times: T Magazine 3100:"Severin admits his band ( 2069: 1917: 1725: 1407: 1075: 782:, in 1949 as the animated 756:American Revolutionary War 622:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 491:Black Tape for a Blue Girl 430:Lead singer and guitarist 152: 29: 6156:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira 6070:Siouxsie and the Banshees 5914:Venters, Jillian (2009). 5899:. Madrid: T.F. Editores. 5821:Hex Files: The Goth Bible 5730:Digitalis, Raven (2007). 5462:. Yale University Press. 5403:. Louder Than War Books. 5316:Ladouceur, Liisa (2011). 5101:10.1136/bmj.332.7551.1216 4943:lancashiretelegraph.co.uk 4216:A Love Letter to Brisbane 3764:– via Google Books. 3102:Siouxsie and the Banshees 2724:. No. 34. p. 26 2310:A study published on the 2146:A study conducted by the 2142:Perception on nonviolence 1824:Hex Files: The Goth Bible 1645:" kids from the episode " 1133:Siouxsie and the Banshees 1095:One female role model is 766:" (published in 1820) by 215:Siouxsie and the Banshees 205:. In the late 1970s, the 173:Siouxsie and the Banshees 72:Siouxsie and the Banshees 7086:List of gothic festivals 6776:Carpenter / Rural Gothic 6359:List of gothic festivals 6349:Bats Day in the Fun Park 5942:. Boston: Weiser Books. 5897:For Those About to Power 5774:Hodkinson, Paul (2002). 5703:Davenport-Hines, Richard 5547:10.1177/0891243204264421 5516:Wilkins, Amy C. (2004). 5140:(letter to the editor). 5091:(letter to the editor). 4720:19 February 2013 at the 4487:Goodlad & Bibby 2007 4452:Hodkinson, Paul (2002). 4411:Journal of Youth Studies 3681:"You just can't kill it" 3498:Dazed (9 January 2023). 3309:, Intellect Books 2014, 3122:Goodlad & Bibby 2007 2997:Goodlad & Bibby 2007 2373:, Plöttner Verlag 2010, 1936:as well as illustrators 1016:Visigoths vs. Mall Goths 6863:Southern Ontario Gothic 5416:Goth: Undead Subculture 5325:Mellins, Maria (2013). 5246:Jones, Timothy (2015). 5187:Goth: Undead Subculture 4321:"Castle Party Festival" 4221:27 January 2021 at the 3918:African American Review 3645:, Publishers Group UK, 2609:(subscription required) 2313:British Medical Journal 2176:Dawson College shooting 1243:jewelry and piercings. 954:21st century influences 884:20th century influences 780:adapted to film in 1922 692:18th and 19th centuries 487:Los Angeles, California 193:". That same year, the 160:Origins and development 27:Contemporary subculture 6334:Lumous Gothic Festival 6105:Fields of the Nephilim 5799:The Subcultures Reader 5370:The Eighteenth Century 5014:, Friday 14 April 2006 4381:Times Higher Education 3733:Steele & Park 2008 3582:"Embrace the Darkness" 3416:Steele & Park 2008 3383:Steele & Park 2008 3368:Steele & Park 2008 2267:alternative lifestyles 2053:with short skirts and 1976: 1972:A poster for the 2007 1739:The Vampire Chronicles 1483: 1391:, Jean Paul Gaultier, 1318: 1251: 1175:are also style icons. 1087: 942:, fronted by vocalist 868: 848: 748:, with his 1764 novel 718: 717:to 1831 edition shown. 467:Fields of the Nephilim 438: 328: 199:All Tomorrow's Parties 176: 48: 34:. For other uses, see 7226:at Knowledge (XXG)'s 7076:Horror-of-personality 6791:High Victorian Gothic 5669:Brill, Dunja (2008). 5231:. Boston: Mit Press. 5212:. Boston: Mit Press. 2148:University of Glasgow 1971: 1946:Lorin Morgan-Richards 1918:Further information: 1475: 1316: 1249: 1085: 858: 851:Visual art influences 819: 788:, and again in 1999. 778:. The story would be 751:The Castle of Otranto 699: 646:John William Polidori 469:. Record labels like 429: 323: 167: 66:, an offshoot of the 46: 7031:German Expressionism 6080:The Sisters of Mercy 5823:. London: Batsford. 5525:Gender & Society 5505:. Nine Eight Books. 5460:Gothic: Dark Glamour 5318:Encyclopedia Gothica 4839:. 17 February 2012. 4664:on 19 September 2008 4542:. BBC News Magazine. 4063:Encyclopedia Gothica 4034:9 April 2007 at the 3982:publishersweekly.com 3956:publishersweekly.com 3045:(19 November 1999). 2664:"How Leeds Led Goth" 2579:(16 February 1980). 2021:Gender and sexuality 1870:Encyclopedia Gothica 1864:On 31 October 2011, 1438:improve this article 1404:Films and television 929:I Put A Spell on You 874:John Everett Millais 866:John Everett Millais 630:Comte de Lautréamont 443:the Sisters of Mercy 343:, with acts such as 7307:Musical subcultures 7101:Lovecraftian horror 6923:Gothic romance film 6811:By specific country 6605:Gothic Christianity 6441:Film and literature 6339:Whitby Goth Weekend 6324:M'era Luna Festival 6298:Death Guild (1993–) 6288:Batcave (1982–1985) 6271:Notable club nights 5597:(7549): 1058–1061. 5144:(7551): 1215–1216. 4918:on 12 November 2012 4713:14 September 2006. 4538:Winterman, Denise. 4458:. Berg Publishers. 3903:, pp. 179–204. 3811:, pp. 137–138. 3781:, 30 October 2005. 3329:"Push The Sky Away" 2418:The Williams Record 2271:Christina Hendricks 2134:is associated with 1756:Lestat de Lioncourt 1722:Books and magazines 1699:Saturday Night Live 1540:Edward Scissorhands 1301:cult of mourning". 1261:In contrast to the 923:Some people credit 762:, immortalized in " 626:Friedrich Nietzsche 607:Christian mythology 377:Southern Death Cult 233:Secondhand Daylight 7191:Universal monsters 7171:Romanesque revival 7166:Paranormal romance 7126:Monster literature 6945:Gothic belly dance 6887:Modern subculture, 6490:The Goodbye Family 6329:Drop Dead Festival 6319:Wave-Gotik-Treffen 6293:Slimelight (1987–) 6278:F Club (1977–1982) 6226:Wednesday Mourning 5683:Cottonmouth Kisses 4814:The New York Times 4747:on 11 October 2016 4631:The New York Times 4101:. 11 November 2011 4038:Broken Ankle Books 3984:. 1 September 2002 3876:South Park Studios 3845:"The Ungroundable" 3686:The New York Times 3586:The New York Times 3110:Charles Baudelaire 2918:on 21 January 2023 2697:on 22 January 2021 2285:, a young couple, 2188:Kimveer Singh Gill 1985:Wave-Gotik-Treffen 1977: 1974:Drop Dead Festival 1954:Zdzisław Beksiński 1752:socially alienated 1744:Vampire literature 1691:2019 animated film 1519:Bela Lugosi's Dead 1484: 1381:Jean Paul Gaultier 1339:Ann Demeulemeester 1319: 1290:The New York Times 1252: 1088: 973:. You can help by 938:In the early 90s, 933:Bela Lugosi's Dead 903:. You can help by 869: 801:Charles Baudelaire 719: 611:Egyptian mythology 439: 373:the Birthday Party 355:at the forefront. 329: 252:Bela Lugosi's Dead 195:Velvet Underground 177: 58:that began in the 49: 7219: 7218: 7201:Victorian fashion 7071:Horror-of-demonic 7066:Horror and Terror 6896:Gothic subculture 6839:Modern literature 6801:Scottish baronial 6786:Dissenting Gothic 6781:Collegiate Gothic 6733:Boxwood miniature 6549: 6548: 6541:Vampirefreaks.com 6469:The Addams Family 6191:Patricia Morrison 5949:978-1-57863-322-7 5925:978-0-06-166916-3 5906:978-84-15253-52-5 5882:978-1-906191-19-1 5858:978-1-903111-28-4 5849:21st Century Goth 5830:978-0-7134-8033-7 5808:978-0-415-34416-6 5785:978-1-85973-600-5 5764:978-84-933891-6-1 5743:978-0-7387-1104-1 5720:978-0-86547-590-8 5692:978-0-916397-65-4 5661:978-0-85965-308-4 5491:978-1-904332-56-5 5447:978-90-5662-827-7 5425:978-0-8223-8970-5 5409:978-1-914424-86-1 5360:978-0-571-21569-0 5336:978-1-4725-0385-5 5308:978-0-520-08535-0 5289:978-0-312-30696-0 5274:Kilpatrick, Nancy 5257:978-1-78316-230-7 5238:978-0-262-57128-9 5219:978-0-262-57128-9 5196:978-0-8223-8970-5 5000:on 15 March 2015. 4912:Independent.co.uk 4886:dailyrecord.co.uk 4784:on 12 March 2007. 4540:"Upwardly gothic" 4473:978-1-84788-874-7 4184:. 2 November 2011 4019:Morbidoutlook.com 3796:, 27 March 2009. 3632:, pp. 17–18. 3394:Reynolds, p. 425. 3211:Alternative Press 3052:Chicago Sun-Times 2055:fishnet stockings 1804:21st Century Goth 1802:The 2002 release 1796:Publishers Weekly 1674:The Addams Family 1661:The Addams Family 1511:Catherine Deneuve 1470: 1469: 1462: 1385:Christian Lacroix 1359:Olivier Theyskens 1323:Alexander McQueen 1237:religious imagery 1052:, of The Damned; 991: 990: 921: 920: 810:Les Fleurs du mal 793:E. T. A. Hoffmann 768:Washington Irving 760:Headless Horseman 722:Gothic literature 684:(1956–2021), and 682:Storm Constantine 587:Gothic literature 518:Cleopatra Records 507:Wax Trax! Records 455:the March Violets 385:Sex Gang Children 365:Adam and the Ants 18:Gothic subculture 16:(Redirected from 7329: 7267: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7250: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7230: 7151:Occult detective 7081:Industrial music 6878:Tasmanian Gothic 6756:Dark Romanticism 6576: 6569: 6562: 6553: 6521:Gother Than Thou 6201:Elizabeth Fraser 6000:Associated music 5993: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5961: 5953: 5929: 5910: 5886: 5862: 5844: 5834: 5812: 5796: 5789: 5768: 5747: 5724: 5712: 5696: 5674: 5665: 5634: 5624: 5606: 5581: 5579: 5540: 5522: 5495: 5473: 5451: 5429: 5393: 5364: 5340: 5321: 5312: 5293: 5269: 5242: 5223: 5200: 5172: 5171: 5161: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5112: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5024: 5015: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4914:. 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6509: 6463:Edgar Allan Poe 6436: 6368:Art and fashion 6363: 6307: 6303:Xmortis (2004–) 6266: 6235:Regional scenes 6230: 6171:Monica Richards 6146:Andrew Eldritch 6119:Notable figures 6114: 6090:Alien Sex Fiend 6060:Christian Death 6043: 5995: 5992:Goth subculture 5991: 5988: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5913: 5907: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5869:Scharf, Natasha 5867: 5863: 5859: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5815: 5809: 5794: 5792: 5786: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5679:Catalyst, Clint 5677: 5668: 5662: 5648:Baddeley, Gavin 5646: 5642: 5640:Further reading 5637: 5584: 5577: 5538:10.1.1.413.9162 5520: 5515: 5499:Unsworth, Cathi 5492: 5476: 5470: 5456:Steele, Valerie 5454: 5448: 5434:Spuybroek, Lars 5432: 5426: 5413: 5367: 5361: 5345:Reynolds, Simon 5343: 5337: 5327:Vampire Culture 5324: 5315: 5309: 5296: 5290: 5272: 5258: 5245: 5239: 5226: 5220: 5203: 5197: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 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P. Lovecraft 797:Edgar Allan Poe 744:English author 711:Romantic period 694: 666:H. P. Lovecraft 650:Edgar Allan Poe 562: 479:Beggars Banquet 451:Alien Sex Fiend 409: 361: 345:Christian Death 162: 157: 151: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7335: 7333: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7268: 7251: 7222: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7096:Lolita fashion 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7061:Horror fiction 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6960:Gothic Western 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6915: 6913:Gothic fashion 6910: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6892: 6890: 6889:music and film 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6848:New Gothic Art 6844: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6768: 6766:Gothic fiction 6763: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6595:Crimean Gothic 6591: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6556: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6476:Triana Orpheus 6472: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6377: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6354:World Goth Day 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6312:Notable events 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6136:Siouxsie Sioux 6133: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6095:Dead Can Dance 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6017:Gothic country 6014: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5964: 5957: 5956: 5948: 5932: 5924: 5911: 5905: 5889: 5881: 5865: 5857: 5837: 5829: 5813: 5807: 5790: 5784: 5771: 5763: 5750: 5742: 5727: 5719: 5699: 5691: 5675: 5666: 5660: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5582: 5531:(3): 328–349. 5513: 5511:978-1788706247 5496: 5490: 5478:Sudworth, Anne 5474: 5469:978-0300136944 5468: 5452: 5446: 5430: 5424: 5411: 5394: 5376:(2): 149–170. 5365: 5359: 5341: 5335: 5322: 5313: 5307: 5294: 5288: 5270: 5256: 5243: 5237: 5224: 5218: 5201: 5195: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5124: 5095:(7551): 1216. 5075: 5047: 5016: 5003: 4981: 4955: 4929: 4898: 4872: 4846: 4826: 4800: 4787: 4769: 4758: 4726: 4703: 4675: 4644: 4616: 4590: 4573: 4545: 4527: 4525:, p. 344. 4515: 4511:Ladouceur 2011 4503: 4491: 4479: 4472: 4444: 4394: 4366: 4364:, p. 329. 4354: 4342: 4340:, p. 350. 4330: 4312: 4300: 4275: 4251: 4227: 4214:Renae Holyoak 4207: 4195: 4169: 4143: 4112: 4086: 4072:978-1770410244 4071: 4053: 4040: 4021: 4008: 3995: 3969: 3943: 3905: 3893: 3863: 3835: 3826: 3813: 3809:Ladouceur 2011 3801: 3785: 3779:New York Times 3767: 3761:978-1452128597 3760: 3746:Bolton, Andrew 3737: 3716: 3699: 3658: 3634: 3611: 3598: 3567: 3541: 3516: 3490: 3464: 3441: 3420: 3408: 3396: 3387: 3372: 3357: 3345: 3319: 3298: 3272: 3246: 3230: 3196: 3162: 3150: 3146:Spuybroek 2011 3138: 3136:, p. 210. 3126: 3114: 3070: 3034: 3025: 3023:, p. 140. 3021:Koszarski 1994 3013: 3001: 2978: 2962: 2929: 2899: 2882: 2863: 2861:, p. 435. 2851: 2849:, p. 431. 2839: 2807: 2805:, p. 421. 2795: 2793:, p. 429. 2783: 2752: 2735: 2708: 2642: 2624: 2585: 2567: 2548: 2546:, p. 432. 2533: 2531:, p. 352. 2521: 2500: 2483: 2466: 2449: 2408: 2401: 2383: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2334: 2307: 2304: 2259:discrimination 2250: 2247: 2213:Angel of Death 2155: 2152: 2143: 2140: 2132:Mod subculture 2102: 2099: 2095:Marilyn Manson 2070:Main article: 2067: 2064: 2042:communities". 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2005: 1965: 1962: 1942:Charles Addams 1915: 1912: 1898:Cathi Unsworth 1890:was hailed in 1868:published the 1780:Poppy Z. Brite 1766:Richard Wright 1728:Gothic fiction 1726:Main article: 1723: 1720: 1665:Charles Addams 1546:Batman Returns 1515:Susan Sarandon 1468: 1467: 1426: 1424: 1417: 1408:Main article: 1405: 1402: 1397:Stefano Pilati 1389:Riccardo Tisci 1377:Claude Montana 1373:Thierry Mugler 1367:New York Times 1363:Yohji Yamamoto 1310: 1307: 1303:Valerie Steele 1208: 1205: 1184:gothic fashion 1115:Siouxsie Sioux 1105:Karl Lagerfeld 1092: 1089: 1078:Gothic fashion 1076:Main article: 1073: 1070: 1048:, of Bauhaus; 1038:Siouxsie Sioux 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 995:British sitcom 989: 988: 968: 966: 955: 952: 919: 918: 898: 896: 885: 882: 852: 849: 820: 746:Horace Walpole 693: 690: 686:Poppy Z. Brite 674:William Gibson 561: 558: 548:Marilyn Manson 495:Theatre of Ice 360: 357: 277:music subgenre 243:Something Else 213:bands such as 169:Siouxsie Sioux 161: 158: 153:Main article: 150: 147: 100:Western Europe 92:Gothic fiction 60:United Kingdom 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7334: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7302:2000s fashion 7300: 7298: 7297:1990s fashion 7295: 7293: 7292:1980s fashion 7290: 7288: 7287:Youth culture 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7266:from Wikidata 7265: 7264: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7206:Weird fiction 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7136:Neo-Victorian 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7111:Mal du siècle 7109: 7107: 7106:Magic realism 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6996:Danse Macabre 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6853:Raygun Gothic 6851: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6828: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6796:Neo-Manueline 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624:Late medieval 6622: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6586: 6577: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6432:Winklepickers 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6402:Gothic Beauty 6400: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6221:Bethany Black 6219: 6217: 6216:Brendan Perry 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6186:Gitane DeMone 6184: 6182: 6181:Rozz Williams 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100:Cocteau Twins 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048:Notable bands 6046: 6040: 6039:Ethereal wave 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5973: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5940:What is Goth? 5937: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5632: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5076: 5064: 5063: 5062:New Scientist 5058: 5051: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5007: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4982: 4970: 4966: 4959: 4956: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4930: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4899: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4873: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4830: 4827: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4762: 4759: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4676: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4645: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4620: 4617: 4604: 4603:New Scientist 4600: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4549: 4546: 4541: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4504: 4501:, p. 24. 4500: 4495: 4492: 4489:, p. 36. 4488: 4483: 4480: 4475: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4448: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4308:Sudworth 2007 4304: 4301: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4225:Outback Revue 4224: 4220: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4131: 4127: 4126:Houston Press 4123: 4116: 4113: 4100: 4099:National Post 4096: 4090: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3894: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3852: 3851: 3850:The A.V. Club 3846: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3822:The A.V. Club 3817: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3714:, p. 173 3713: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3651:1-578-63322-2 3648: 3644: 3643:What Is Goth? 3638: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3620:Polhemus, Ted 3615: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3505: 3501: 3494: 3491: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3452: 3445: 3442: 3439:, p. 172 3438: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3406:, p. 113 3405: 3404:Hannaham 1997 3400: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3353:Hannaham 1997 3349: 3346: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3315:1-783-20352-8 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3273: 3261:. 6 June 2022 3260: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3231: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3197: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3163: 3160:, p. 88. 3159: 3154: 3151: 3148:, p. 42. 3147: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3124:, p. 14. 3123: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2966: 2963: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2896:. p. 21. 2895: 2894: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2875:(July 1983). 2874: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2859:Reynolds 2005 2855: 2852: 2848: 2847:Reynolds 2005 2843: 2840: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2803:Reynolds 2005 2799: 2796: 2792: 2791:Reynolds 2005 2787: 2784: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2739: 2736: 2723: 2719: 2712: 2709: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2596:(July 1994). 2595: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2544:Reynolds 2005 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2529:Reynolds 2005 2525: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2497:. p. 31. 2496: 2495: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2435:on 4 May 2013 2434: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2412: 2409: 2404: 2402:9783933773098 2398: 2394: 2387: 2384: 2381:, pp. 145–169 2380: 2379:3-862-11006-0 2376: 2372: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2342:Dark academia 2340: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2324:According to 2322: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2291:head injuries 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2225:and standard 2224: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2206: 2205:Vampirefreaks 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2108: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1958:Anne Sudworth 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1850:Gothic Beauty 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1812:South America 1809: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1729: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1712:Molly Shannon 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1669:Carolyn Jones 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1464: 1461: 1453: 1443: 1439: 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