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refused or reduced by the legislature if in his opinion the demand was essential for the discharge of his responsibilities. Thus the
Government of India Act provided for partial transfer of power to the electorate through the system of diarchy. It also prepared the ground for Indian federalism, as it identified the provinces as units of fiscal and general administration.
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The
Government of India Act of 1919, made a provision for classification of the central and provincial subjects. The Act kept the Income Tax as a source of revenue to the Central Government. However, for Bengal and Bombay, to meet their objections, a provision to assign them 25% of the income tax was
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The seats were distributed among the provinces not upon the basis of the population but upon the basis of their importance in the eyes of the government, on the basis of communities, and the property was one of the main basis to determine a franchisee. Those people who had property, taxable income
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The financial powers of the central legislature were also very much limited. The budget was to be divided into two categories, votable and non-votable. The votable items covered only one-third of the total expenditure. Even in this sphere, the
Governor-General was empowered to restore any grant
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Diarchy was introduced at the
Provincial Level. Diarchy means a dual set of governments; one is accountable, the other is not accountable. Subjects of the provincial government were divided into two groups. One group was reserved, and the other group was transferred. The reserved subjects were
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This act also made a provision that a statutory commission would be set up at the end of 10 years after the act was passed which shall inquire into the working system of the government. The Simon commission of 1927 was an outcome of this
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At the same time, all other areas of government (the 'reserved list') remained under the control of the
Viceroy. The 'reserved list' included defence (the military), foreign affairs, and communications.
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The Act received royal assent on 23 December 1919. On the same day the King-Emperor issued a proclamation which reviewed the course of parliamentary legislation for India and the intent of the act:
248:. The Act which has now become law entrusts the elected representative of the people with a definite share in the Government and points the way to full responsible Government hereafter".
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answerable to the provincial council. The 'transferred list ' included agriculture, supervision of local government, health, and education. The provincial councils were enlarged.
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No bill of the legislature could be deemed to have been passed unless assented to by the
Viceroy. The latter could, however, enact a bill without the assent of the legislature.
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This Act made the central legislature bicameral. The lower house was the
Legislative Assembly, with 145 members serving three-year terms (the model for today's
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This Act had a separate
Preamble which declared that the objective of the British Government was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India.
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were included. The
Franchise (Right of voting) was granted to the limited number of only those who paid minimum of Rs.3000 "Tax" to the government.
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accepted the Act and were ready to cooperate with the government. They left the
Congress. Surendranath Banerjee and Tej Bahadur Sapru formed
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transferred the administration from the Company to the Crown and laid the foundations of public life which exist in India today. The
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controlled by the British Governor of the province; the transferred subjects were given to the Indian ministers of the province.
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of 145 members, of which 104 were elected and 41 were nominated, with a tenure of three years. The upper house was the
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was enlarged and reformed. It became a bicameral legislature for all India. The lower house was the
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The Act provided for the establishment of a Public Service Commission in India for the first time.
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sowed the seed of representative institutions, and the seed was quickened into life by the
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Papers Relating to the Application of the Principle of Dyarchy to the Government of India
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213:. The Act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929. This Act began the genesis of
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An Act to make further provision with respect to the Government of India.
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opened the door for Indians to public office and employment. The
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Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning India
343:& paid land revenue of Rs. 3000 were entitled to vote.
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478:Administrative system in India: Vedic age to 1947
355:rejected the Act, however some leaders such as
252:The Act provided a dual form of government (a "
291:Salient features of the Act were as follows:
331:The communal representation was extended and
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217:in India. It was set to be reviewed by the
379:and were normally referred as "Liberals".
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68:Learn how and when to remove this message
427:Government of India Act (disambiguation)
387:resigned from Indian National Congress.
31:This article includes a list of general
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584:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1919
539:"India: World War I and its aftermath"
594:Imperial Legislative Council of India
166:Text of statute as originally enacted
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525:. lxi, 606 pp.:folded map, 23 cm.
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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197:recommended in the report of the
187:Parliament of the United Kingdom
96:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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599:1919 in international relations
467:. Clarendon Press, 1922. p. 125
461:Ilbert, Sir Courtenay Peregrine
152:Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1976
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554:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
493:Government of India Act 1919
442:Secretary of State for India
273:Imperial Legislative Council
199:Secretary of State for India
175:Government of India Act 1919
84:Government of India Act 1919
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437:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
383:supported the reforms and
80:United Kingdom legislation
422:Governor-General of India
377:Indian Liberal Federation
287:Essential characteristics
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353:Indian National Congress
544:Encyclopædia Britannica
465:The Government of India
193:. The Act embodied the
52:more precise citations.
476:Uttamabahādura Siṃha,
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215:responsible government
407:History of Bangladesh
369:Surendranath Banerjee
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609:December 1919 events
381:Madan Mohan Malaviya
277:Legislative Assembly
579:1919 in British law
523:The Clarendon Press
417:History of Pakistan
385:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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230:East India Company
373:Tej Bahadur Sapru
365:Bipin Chandra Pal
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246:Act of 1909
242:Act of 1861
238:Act of 1858
234:Act of 1833
147:Repealed by
50:introducing
573:Categories
448:References
328:provision.
258:government
211:Chelmsford
205:, and the
104:Long title
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560:11 August
312:Lok Sabha
262:ministers
511:(1920).
391:See also
121:. c. 101
114:Citation
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254:diarchy
207:Viceroy
195:reforms
185:of the
46:improve
556:. 2009
546:Online
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519:Oxford
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232:. The
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333:Sikhs
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191:India
126:Dates
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183:Act
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