Governorate of Livonia

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110 versts (117 km); in the center of the province is the great inland basin of Virz-Yerva; followed by the considerable lakes Burtnek, Luban, Marienburg, etc. - All these lakes are of little commercial and industrial importance for the gubernia so far (except for fishing), but they can be combined into a whole system of water communications, the projects of which have already arisen more than once. On the coastal strip of the Livonian gubernia the Gulf of Riga forms two harbors, accessible to large ships, although the entrance to them is hampered by bars and the tortuosity of the fairway. These harbors are Riga harbor at the mouth of the Western Dvina River and Pernava harbor at the mouth of the river of the same name. The Baltic Sea on the coasts of the Livonian islands is full of small harbors, but uncomfortable due to the shallow water and many reefs and shoals, except Ahrensburg, which is more convenient and has a good roadstead. The main islands that lie in the Baltic Sea and belong to the Livonian province (Ezel, Moone) are separated from the coast of the Estonian province by the big strait, or Moone-Sund, and from each other by the Small-Sund. The rivers of Livonia province belong to the basins of the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland. The former include the navigable Pernava with its tributaries Navast, Hallist and Reio; the Salis River, the outlet of Lake Burtnek, into which the rivers Ruijen and Zedde flow; the Svent-Uppe River, which flows directly into the Gulf of Riga and is connected to the Salis by the Neibach Channel. In addition, numerous lakes and coastal rivers 20–30 km long flow directly into the Gulf of Riga. The Livonian Aa, which is floating only for forests and only irrigates most of the southern half of the province in the spring, flows out into the Gulf of Riga. The Western Dvina River belongs to the Livonian province on its right bank only for 138 miles (147 km), from the confluence of the Evsta to its mouth which is formed by the port of Riga and both banks of which are within the province. and from which flows the Great Embach River, which connects the Wirtz-Yerw with the Peipus; it is the only navigable river in this basin.

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is replete with many picturesque ruins of castles. On the Piebalga heights are the sources of the Gauja River and many of its tributaries and the Western Dvina. Wooded, covered with meadows, partly peat bogsand the richly irrigated lowlands of the Livland province are located: along the shores of Lake Peipus, around Lake Wirtz-Erva and Pernovskoye - along the shores of the Gulf of Riga and along the basins of the Pernava and Salis rivers, as well as along the lower reaches of the rivers Aa and Zapadnaya Dvina. This lowland passes to the north into the Estonian, and in the south into the Courland province. Dunes stretch along the coast of the Gulf of Riga, of which the largest, near Gutmansbach, reaches 129 m in height. The lowlands in the eastern part of the province abound in swamps. Wirtz-Jerv lowland, expanding like Lake Wirtz-Jerv, to the north, tapering to the south of the Livland province is a vast plateau rising above the coastal lowland and separating terrace-like uplands from itself. Wavy hills in the east and southeast of the province have in their depths the sources of the main rivers and streams. Once connected with the province of Estland, as well as among themselves, the main islands of the province of Estland, Ezel and Moon, are very similar in their terrain to the province of Estland: a flat hill ( German: Landrücken ) passes through both, and both on the northern slope of the coast abruptly break off above the sea, forming the so-called Glint (Glint). Moon Island is surrounded, just like

864:; on it is the "Blue Mountain" ( German: Blauberg ), once considered sacred and now still enjoying special respect among Latvians. The second branch is cut by the river Embach, to the south of which it is called the Odenpe Plateau. Near Arral, a plateau terrace of 100 feet (30 m) pushes out of itself in the middle of the swamps the mountain Munna-Megi (up to 800 feet (244 m)) with a blunt cone. The highest plateau of the Livonian province, Gangof, stretches south from Mount Verro, descending to Lake Marienburg, its southwestern spurs connect with the Pebalga, or Aa plateau, between pp. Aa, Evst and Western Dvina. In the northern part of the Gangof plateau there is one of the highest points of the East European plain, Mount Munna-Megi, covered with forests and having a height of 323 m; near it - Vella-Megi, 228 m. To the southeast, the Gangof plateau through the Devil's Mountain continues to the Pskovand Vitebsk provinces. 929:

Dvina, and others; swampy meadows (Sumpfwiesen), mainly in the northern part of the province, follow the course of rivers; mossy bogs (Hochmoor) (German, Est. Hochmoor, Est. Rabba, Lit. Tirrul), actually peat bogs, are found in depressions and hollows mainly in Riga and Pernova counties, as well as on the south-western slopes of the Pebalga Heights; they are most common in Pernova (Netzi-Rabba, Laisma-Soo and Majamo-Soo) and Fellin (Pindrina-Soo and Pendara-Soo) counties, and least common in Vendena and Arensburg counties. The island of Ösel has fewer bogs than the rest of the Livonian province. Draining the bogs every year greatly reduces the space they occupy. In general, the bogs, mostly bare and mossy, occupy about 360 thousand dessiatinas (3933 km), or 1/10 of the whole surface of the governorate.

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than 300 in the Livland province. Grass sowing has long been widespread. Meadows with artificial grass and pastures, including drained swamps, covered 41.5% of the entire surface of the province. The yield of grain in some places is higher than in the best black-earth provinces. Dairy farming and cheese making developed, at the same time distilleries were closed. At the end of the 19th centuryfactories and plants processing the products of the animal kingdom are developing more and more in view of the spreading of correct cattle breeding; in 1890, cloth factories, dairy and cheese factories, tanneries and bone mills increased their productivity the most.

1141: 830:. The middle part of the northern part of the Livonian Gubernia belongs to the middle layer of the Silurian system. In the rest of Livonia the Devonian system of limestones, dolomites, clays with gypsum, marls, sandstones and sands is spread under dilluvial deposits, while the latter rocks form the lower tier of this system and occupy most of the middle part of the gubernia. This sandstone layer is remarkable for its caves. The middle layer of the Devonian system, made up of dolomites, limestone and clay with gypsum and marl, is spread in the southern part of the Livonian province. Between the rivers 343: 3500: 358: 333: 559: 1891: 916:

places (the best in the Gokhrazen estate). At the present time, forest management and conservation works have been carried out everywhere in the Livonian province, which, however, started at the end of the last century. Forest easements, which have existed here for a long time, are also being eliminated vigorously. Artificial cultivation of forests is also developing. The forestry in the state forests is especially rational, occupying the area of about 210 thousand

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sharpest fluctuations; the climate of the Livonian Province in general was unstable and the main reason was to be found in the wind which rarely became stormy, but blew almost continuously. Southwest winds prevailed. Rains were favorable by quantity, distribution and type; downpours were rare; snow cover was as a rule deep, frequent dense fogs occurred in the coastal strip and in the swampy areas and lowlands.

2129: 77: 1824: 1256: 36: 179: 2969:, at 58°N, January −2.1 °C). Precipitation was more than 500 mm a year, much more in the south and west of the province than in the north and east; July was the rainiest month, but the next three months were also quite rainy, and there were often long rainy days in those months. On the whole, the Livonian province suffered from an excess of rain. 1296: 1221: 1181: 1104: 3602:

and 62,771 women, or 45.77%. There were 48,443 children studying at home under the supervision of the clergy ; thus, there are 185,728 students in total. In the 13th century, the Catholic church and school system spread in Estonia. At first, cathedral schools were established, traditionally teaching the liberal arts (the oldest known was the

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laid. A permanent four-tier system of public educational institutions was established: parish schools (elementary schools) (Estonian language of instruction), county schools (German language of instruction), governorate grammar schools (German language of instruction) and universities. The educational institutions in the province were:

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On 5 November 1804, the Emperor Alexander I approved the initial regulations for folk education. The Tartu Study Circle was created under the leadership of the curator Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger. The types of schools were defined and the basis for state supervision and management of schools was

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is almost entirely covered by forests, passing also into the adjoining part of the Felin County. The forests extend from the border with the Governorate of Estonia in a wide strip to the south along the Pernov river basin, 400 (427 km) long and 70–90 miles wide in Volmari County to the shores of

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heights are dotted with hundreds of lakes and form a very picturesque area. The highest point here is Mount Gaising-Kalns, 312 m. The slopes to the Gauja River near Sigulda, Turaida, Krimulda and the banks of the Western Dvina near Selburg and even more Koknese are especially beautiful. All this area

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In 1786, the Russian regulation on national schools was issued, which required the opening of a four-form upper-secondary school (five years of study) in the governorate towns and a two-form lower-secondary school (two years of study) in the county towns. The post of director of the national schools

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In 1890, 86.61% of children of schooling age used correct education. In the same year, of the recruits accepted for service, there were 83 illiterate, and literate and semi-literate - 2458 people. Educational institutions in 1890 were 1959 with 137,285 students ; of which 74,514 men, or 54.23%,

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The agriculture of the province reached a high level of development. Everywhere a multi-field, fruit-shifting economy was introduced with enhanced fertilizer of all kinds and drainage of fields. Irrigation was carried out, among other things, with the help of artesian wells, of which there were more

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The main forest species of the Livonian province are spruce and pine (reaching the size of a ship forest), birch, alder, ash, oak and willow. The preserved oaks of colossal size prove that in the past, this type of forest dominated in the gubernia; nowadays, the oak groves are preserved only in some

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to the Western Dvina sandstones and sands and partly clay and marl form the upper tier of the Devonian system with the predominance of fish fossils in it. The coastal formations of the province and the erratic boulders covering its surface belong to the latest, or dilluvial, system: under the former

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The province of Livonia is very rich in water: in the west it is washed by the Gulf of Riga, everywhere abundantly irrigated by 325 rivers; and the lakes in it number up to 1000; of the latter more than half are in Venden County The vast Lake Peipus in the east washes the Livonian province for over

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In 1888 there were 216,870 horses in the province, 401,498 cattle, 1,020,800 sheep, and 478,649 pigs. The cultivation of the fields was carried out by horses and partly by oxen. The local horse breeding breeds the native breed of kleper and doppel kleper. Sheep breeding developed; pig breeding has

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The bulk of the population were former landlord peasants, who were mainly engaged in arable farming and cattle breeding. Until 1804, they were completely dependent on the will of the landlord, from that year they received some personal rights, and in 1819 they were freed from serfdom; the right to

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The continuation of the Estonian uplands forms in the Livland province a wide plateau up to 121 m in height, the middle of which is lost in the Wirtz-Erv lowland, but at the edges it is divided into two branches: the Fellin branch, which forms the western watershed of the Livland province, and the

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A third of the entire area of the Livonian province, which is occupied by lowlands, is covered by bogs; of them the lowland meadow bogs (German: Wiesenmoor, Est. Soo, Lit. Purr) are passable only in summer and stretch along Lake Peipus and the Gulf of Riga, as well as the rivers Pernava, Embachu,

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In 1890, there were 262 doctors in the province, of which 218 were free practitioners and 3 were women; pharmacies 104 (rural 43); there are hospitals in all county towns, from 20 to 60 beds. In Riga, apart from the prison hospital, there are 2 hospitals with 882 beds. At the Medical Faculty of

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The climate of the Livonian Province had a more continental character than one would expect from its position near the northern Baltic sea, which froze regularly. The climate was also greatly influenced by the extensive marshes and forests. The spring temperature was subject to the largest and

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In the northern part of the governorate, in what is now southern Estonia, there were the Tapa-Tartu railway connecting the broad-gauge railway with the Tallinn-Narva railway in the Principality of Estonia, the Tartu-Valga railway and the Riga-Pskov railway, part of the Valga-Petseri railway.

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Literal translation: Gules, a griffin Argent, armed with a sword or, on his breast the cypher ПB ИB (Pyotr Vtoroy, Imperator Vserossiyskiy) gules, imperially crowned; for a Crest, the Russian Imperial crown; for Supporters, Branches of oak or, tied with the blue ribbon of the Order of Saint

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The Estonian province was governed by a governor appointed by the emperor. The representative body of local self-government is the Landtag, whose chairman was called the Landmarshal, the executive body is the Landrat College, which consisted of 12 landrats elected for life.

3846:«Въ червленомъ полѣ серебряный грифъ съ золотымъ мечомъ, на груди, подъ Императорской короною, червленый вензель: ПВ ИВ (Петръ Вторый, Императоръ Всероссійскій). Щитъ увѣнчанъ Императорскою короною и окруженъ золотыми дубовыми листьями, соединенными Андреевскою лентою» 3308:

Cattle in Livland province are small and unsatisfactory; occasionally there are good breed bulls and cows. Horses are very unsatisfactory; the well- known breed of clapers has almost completely bred and survived only near Fellin, Ober Palen and on the island of Ezele.

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Postal traffic in Livonia was organised by the Livonian knighthood from the mid-17th century and by the governorate government from the 19th century. The governorate was criss-crossed by four postal routes, along which a network of postal stations was established.

3572:«В червленом поле серебряный гриф с золотым мечом, на груди, под Императорской короною, червленый вензель: ПВ ИВ (Петр Второй, Император Всероссийский). Щит увенчан Императорскою короною и окружен золотыми дубовыми листьями, соединенными Андреевскою лентою» 3031:

As the bogs have been drained, land cultivation spread and the forests decreased, the number of wild animals in the Livonian province was considerably decreased and some species were extinct such as the wild boar. The most common animals are the following:

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cathedral school in 1251). Later, monastic schools were established. The education of the peasantry at that time remained at the level of 'folk pedagogy'. In 1630, the Tartu Gymnasium was opened, and in 1632 the University of Tartu.

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the Gulf of Riga. They also cover part of Riga County and the southern part of Wenden County along the Evsta river basin 250 versts (267 km) long and up to 60 versts (64 km) wide. The island of Ösel is the least forested.

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The sponge soil is generally composed of sand, clay, marl, and chalk and should be termed sparsely fertile, only black earth occurs in places; in the lowlands the soil passes into meadow and moss bogs, and in places into peat bogs.

737:), composed of 35 Baltic Germans, 13 Estonians, and 11 Latvians, passed a resolution calling upon the German Emperor to recognise the Baltic provinces as a monarchy and to make them a German protectorate. In agreements concluded in 3712:

In the governorate there were navigable bays and harbours: the port of Riga on the estuary of the Daugava River, the port of Pärnu on the estuary of the Pärnu River, and the ports of Kuressaare, Sõrve, Mustla and Maas in Saaremaa.

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use peasant land was granted to them in 1849. Since that time, corvee began to be replaced by dues and a local peasant bank was established, with the help of which the peasants acquire land as property.

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to the west. In 1897, the population of the governorate was 1,299,365, and it had an area of 47,030.87 square kilometres (18,158.72 sq mi). The administrative centre of the governorate was the

1400:("subcounties"), which were supervised by assistant chiefs of the district. Each uchastok had two upper peasant court districts, with the exception of the Ezelsky uezd, which had only one uchastok. 794:

to the west. The length of the western border (the seacoast) is 280 versts (299 km). The area of the Livonian province (according to Strelbitsky) is 41,325.4 square versts (47,030.87 km).

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The province was a fairly rectangular in shape, with a maximum length of 246 versts (262 km) and a width of 198 versts (211 km). Its borders were the Governorate of Estonia to the north,

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Yuriev University, and at Rotenberg's dacha near Riga there is a mental hospital with 362 beds. Almshouses have been set up in Riga (8, for 1,200 persons) and in all county towns (7 in total).

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in the province of Livonia are unobtainable and of unsatisfactory quality. As a consequence of the scarcity of grasses in the province, an almost ubiquitous herb-growing has arisen, such as

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Narrow-gauge railway lines in South Estonia: between Valga-Ruhja-Pärnu, the Mõisaküla-Viljandi narrow-gauge branch and the Tallinn-Viljandi line connecting with the Estonian province.

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of the lower parts of the south and north of the Livonian province. The climate in the northeastern part of the province was colder on the uplands and much warmer on the islands (e.g.

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The Livonian province was divided into five judicial districts: the districts of Riga-Volmar, Venden-Valk, Jurjev-Verro, Pernov-Fellini, and Ezel. There were 42 electoral districts.

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there are calcareous tuffs, peaty marls and marshy iron ores; between the latter crystalline rocks (gneiss, granites and syenites, diorites and porphyries) prevail; fossils of the

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population (Dorpat, Pernau, Fellin, Werro and Ösel) as well as the populated by the Estonians townships of Walk county were all included into the composition of the neighboring

4361: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4384: 4383: 4359: 4358: 4357: 1415:), which consisted of all the taxpayers in the volost, or elected assemblies, elected by the taxpayers in the volost; the executive of the volost was the volost foreman. 5254: 4428: 3740: 2048: 342: 4412: 4391: 4365: 2157: 742: 5541: 3305:

reached a high level of perfection. Among the secondary sectors of the economy, poultry farming played a large role, and beekeeping played a smaller role.

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and others. On Lake Peipus there are more than 100,000 fishermen, mostly Russians, catching up to 150,000 barrels of snets alone annually; in the rivers

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of 1897, the Livonia Governorate had a population of 1,299,365, including 629,992 men and 669,373 women. The largest segment of the population indicated

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issued the proclamation on 30 March 1917 "On the autonomy of Estland", according to which the Government of Livonia was divided: five northern counties (

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The economy of the province came from shipbuilding, shipping, and fishing. Part of the population is engaged in seal fishing on Ruhnu-Runo and

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was created from territory in Smolensk Governorate at that time. It was incorporated into Smolensk Governorate when it was reformed in 1726.

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The Livonian province is less rich in fish than the lakes and rivers of northern Russia. The main subject of fishing: the marine species

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The total land in 974 landowners and 120 church estates ( pastorates ) was considered in 1881-1883 3,147,216 acres ( 3,438,000 ha ).

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Island, many small islands; near the latter there are also larger ones ( Abro, Filzand, etc.); in the Gulf of Riga - the island of

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was nominally recognised as a sovereign state by Wilhelm II on 22 September 1918. On 5 November 1918, a temporary Regency Council (

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24 newspapers and periodicals are published (12 in Riga, 10 in Yuriev, 2 in Pernov), including several in Estonian and Latvian.

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Until the late 19th century the governorate was not ruled by Russian laws but was administered autonomously by the local German

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Gules, a segreant griffin agent, in his dexter armed with a sword or, on his breast the cypher ПВ ИВ gules, imperially crowned

120: 5041: 4983: 1584: 1423: 98: 1756: 605:) was added to Riga Governorate. In 1726 Smolensk Governorate was separated from Governorate, which now had five provinces: 4889: 4659: 1801: 4388: 5546: 5122: 5027: 4988: 4739: 4562: 4386: 4385: 3641: 2117: 2071: 506: 127: 4964: 4762: 4653: 3625: 2143: 2043: 1870: 1812: 1751: 860: ; the first, reaching a height of 133 m, stretches east to the river Aa, south to Lemsal. Here it is called the 691: 55: 4378: 4977: 4379: 4355: 3651: 5021: 4874: 4471: 3632: 3499: 3395: 3374: 3191: 3172: 1988: 1838: 1453: 109: 4953: 4313:

Geographischer Arbiss der Dreideutschen Ostsee-Provinzen Russlands; oder, der Gouvernemens Ehst-, Liv- und Kurland

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The Livonian province is not as rich in fish as northern Russia. The main objects of fishing are: marine species

2770: 638: 4946: 4540: 4356: 3588:). The shield was topped with the Imperial crown and surrounded by golden oak leaves tied by the ribbon of the 3581: 2808: 1652: 1403:

There were 17 uchastok commissioners in the counties, subordinate to the Livonian Peasant Affairs Commission.

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period. The first one is spread in the northernmost part of the gubernia and on the islands and consists of

759: 726: 386: 192: 87: 5430: 4068: 1238: 5435: 5405: 5392: 5296: 5291: 5258: 5244: 4910: 4533: 4495: 4489: 3760: 2033: 1675: 1439: 683: 502: 4713: 4327: 1081: 732: 5099: 4879: 4869: 4780: 4701: 4647: 4611: 4515: 4477: 2185: 1955: 1927: 1599: 1594: 1020: 5346: 4459: 1442:. However the new border between the Governments of Estonia and Livonia was never properly demarcated. 1041: 5425: 5070: 634: 558: 5495: 5380: 5374: 5363: 5220: 5201: 5170: 5141: 4852: 4847: 4830: 4775: 4756: 4680: 4665: 4600: 4509: 4483: 4436: 4387: 4176: 3981: 3955: 3750: 3023:. Of the islands of the Livonian province, the island of Ösel stands out for its abundance of flora. 1698: 1642: 787: 579: 514: 320: 4932: 626: 134: 5516: 5399: 5211: 5135: 5129: 5105: 5049: 4842: 4825: 4800: 4785: 4750: 4744: 4719: 4707: 4675: 4636: 4594: 4578: 4573: 4546: 4526: 4502: 3755: 3745: 3619: 3589: 3136: 2966: 2363: 2344: 1741: 1703: 1660: 1498: 1419: 783: 749: 715: 679: 657: 630: 494: 4993: 4362: 2981:. Smaller industries such as trapping, poultry farming, trade and industry exist in the province. 5463: 5357: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5147: 5116: 4959: 4921: 4863: 4857: 4790: 4769: 4734: 4729: 4641: 4556: 4520: 3585: 3294:

From berries garden strawberries, raspberries, currants and others; hops are occasionally found.

2382: 2096: 2015: 1879: 1791: 1665: 1632: 667:). German nobles insisted on preserving their privileges and use of the German language. In 1816 3877: 2978: 1890: 835: 662: 5513:² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. 5469: 5386: 5231: 5059: 4820: 4805: 4724: 4690: 4685: 4631: 4605: 4588: 4551: 4311: 3903: 3897: 3826: 3533: 3084: 2249: 2193: 1462: 779: 598: 583: 510: 471: 291: 5489: 5238: 5094: 5064: 5054: 4810: 4795: 4695: 4568: 4451: 4043: 3817: 3782: 3580:"In a scarlet field, there is a silver griffin with a golden sword, on the chest, under the 3523: 3362: 3199: 3183: 3160: 2477: 2439: 2306: 2287: 2230: 2201: 2189: 2005: 1960: 1731: 1637: 1579: 745:

accepted the loss of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia and the Governorate of Livonia.

672: 594: 571: 276: 261: 4094: 5476: 5164: 5153: 4916: 4903: 4815: 3884: 3808: 3281: 2751: 2618: 2496: 2458: 2401: 2325: 2268: 2197: 2010: 1900: 1647: 1516: 867: 815: 645: 590: 306: 4069:"§ 61. Местное самоуправление Прибалтийских губерний. | Проект 'Исторические Материалы'" 5483: 5076: 4970: 4939: 4021: 3318: 3215: 3116: 2420: 2133: 2081: 1975: 1609: 1589: 1473: 985: 498: 371: 578:) which also included Smolensk uezd, Dorogobuzh uezd, Roslavl uezd and Vyazma uezd of 5530: 5196: 5191: 4397: 3227: 2656: 1970: 1912: 1907: 1828: 1604: 1493: 1488: 1313: 857: 699: 17: 5315: 5186: 5181: 5159: 3291:

The most common fruits are various varieties of apples, cherries, pears and plums.

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Erratic masses reach 20 feet (6.1 m) in diameter; the boulders are mostly rounded.

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The Livonian province is very rich in bread products, of which the most used are:

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are caught in great numbers, in Lake Peipus, Virts-Järve, Luban and Burtnekskoe -

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The coat of arms of the Livonia Governorate was adopted on 8 December 1856. The

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in 1917, the northern part of the Governorate of Livonia was combined with the

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indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.

4207:[Coat of arms of Livonia (Riga) Governorate of the Russian Empire]. 3543: 3338: 3247: 2675: 1541: 1536: 1435: 917: 827: 823: 489: 3638:

School of Paramedics at the Veterinary Institute of Tērbat with 8 students,

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Branches of oak or, tied with the blue ribbon of the Order of Saint Andrew

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and united with Vidzeme, which by then was under control of the Bolshevik

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The flora of the province of Livonia is especially rich in summer around

3002: 2694: 1736: 1397: 1284: 1209: 1169: 1092: 908: 872: 844: 819: 811: 807: 803: 618: 610: 501:, Baltic Governorate-General until 1876. Governorate of Livonia bordered 4284: 1295: 1220: 1180: 1103: 3354: 3223: 3152: 3088: 3076: 3064: 3009: 2962: 2713: 2637: 2106: 1377: 1130: 719: 651: 622: 539: 531: 1335: 1063: 5037: 5003: 4146: 4144: 4095:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 4044:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 3561: 3366: 3350: 3330: 3277: 3243: 3219: 3211: 3164: 3148: 3128: 3100: 3092: 3060: 3049: 2994: 1409:

The representative bodies of the volosts were the volost assemblies (

962: 738: 614: 535: 4013:Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. 4229: 989:

Administrative divisions of the Governorate of Livonia (as of 1914)

3370: 3358: 3346: 3322: 3273: 3207: 3203: 3168: 3156: 3144: 3120: 3096: 3072: 3068: 3041: 3020: 2990: 1917: 1526: 1520: 1507: 1366: 1052: 876: 856:

eastern one, which forms the watershed between Lake Wirtz-Erv and

707: 557: 549: 470: 802:

Geologically the Livonian province and the island belongs to the

4072: 3669:

140 Evangelical Lutheran church schools and 1087 parish schools,

3342: 3266: 3262: 3140: 3080: 3053: 3037: 3033: 3006: 2998: 2958: 1922: 1246: 1003: 606: 527: 399: 4401: 3439:

1874 – 1882 Baron Alexander Karl Abraham von Uexküll-Güldenband

4376: 4353: 4201: 3927:. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 323–324. 3566:

Coat of arms of governorates and oblasts of the Russian Empire

3445:

1885 Hermann Friedrich Johannes von Tobiesen (acting governor)

3239: 3045: 172: 70: 29: 977:) for the peasantry as the lowest level of the court system. 955:(Courts of First Instance) for the gentry, the county court ( 762:, was formed on a joint basis from both local Land Councils. 3457:

1900 – 1901 Aleksandr Nikolayevich Bulygin (acting governor)

3451:

1895 – 1896 Aleksandr Nikolayevich Bulygin (acting governor)

1376: 1334: 1294: 1254: 1219: 1179: 1139: 1102: 1062: 4202:"Gerb Liflyandskoy (Rizhskoy) gubernii Rossiyskoy imperii" 3878:

The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott

3250:

in small quantities in the middle and southwestern parts.

2208:

Linguistic composition of the Livonia Governorate in 1897

641:

this territory was renamed as the Governorate of Livonia.

3288:. Vined grasses are abundant only on the island of Ösel. 3269:. The former is one of the most important native plants. 2553:

Religious composition of the Livonia Governorate in 1897

4328:"filateelia.ee Hobupostijaamad Suure-Jaani kihelkonnas" 3421:

1847 Johann Ludwig Ferdinand von Cube (acting governor)

3415:

1829 Johann Ludwig Ferdinand von Cube (acting governor)

570:

in 1710, Peter the Great, on 28 July 1713, created the

4204:Герб Лифляндской (Рижской) губернии Российской империи 675:, in a precursor to his plans for the rest of Russia. 3796: 698:. On December 14, 1917, the Bolshevik government of 4117: 4115: 3475:

1916 Sergei Sergeyevich Podolinsky (acting governor)

3433:

1871 – 1872 Julius Gustav von Cube (acting governor)

3254:

are bred in large numbers, of which the main one is

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125 Orthodox church schools and 242 parish schools,

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1905 Yakov Dmitrievich Bologovsky (acting governor)

943:(Livonian Court of Appeal, the highest court), the 458: 447: 439: 431: 426: 418: 410: 405: 395: 385: 377: 367: 245: 101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4123:"Категория:ЭСБЕ:Лифляндская губерния — Викитека" 3463:1905 Pyotr Petrovich Neklyudov (acting governor) 3427:1862 – 1868 August Georg Friedrich von Oettingen 530:. It roughly corresponded to most of the modern 4289:Sõjaeelse Eesti esseistika ja kirjanduskriitika 4230:"Gerby guberniy i oblastey Rossiyskoy imperii" 3741:Administrative divisions of Russia in 1713-1714 3578: 3570: 3418:1827 – 1847 Baron Georg Friedrich von Fölkesahm 993:The Governorate of Livonia was divided into 9 283: 4413: 4177:"21005-Pam-kn-Liflyandskoy-gub | BookLibrary" 3982:"Система управления Прибалтикой — Студопедия" 3469:1905 – 1914 Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zvegintsov 3424:1847 – 1862 Heinrich Magnus Wilhelm von Essen 2151: 1846: 414:47,030.87 km (18,158.72 sq mi) 268: 253: 8: 4232:Гербы губерній и областей Россійской имперіи 3657:2 craft schools (in Riga) with 447 students, 3478:1916 – 1917 Nikolai Nikolayevich Lavrinovsky 2192:to be their mother tongue, with significant 1427: 1410: 972: 966: 956: 950: 944: 938: 753: 730: 649: 298: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3436:1872 – 1874 Baron Mikhail Egorovich Vrangel 3430:1868 – 1871 Friedrich Woldemar von Lysander 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4420: 4406: 4398: 3472:1914 – 1916 Arkady Ippolitovich Kelepovsky 3454:1896 – 1900 Vladimir Dmitrievich Surovtsev 2551: 2206: 2158: 2144: 1864: 1853: 1839: 1447: 690:. In September 1917, Riga was occupied by 242: 3650:2 teachers' seminaries with 18 students ( 729:on 12 April 1918, a Provincial Assembly ( 562:Unofficial flag of Governorate of Livonia 554:Map of Riga and Reval Lieutenancies, 1783 226:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 3460:1901 – 1905 Mikhail Alekseyevich Pashkov 3448:1885 – 1895 Mihail Alekseyevich Zinoviev 2890: 999: 984: 203:of all important aspects of the article. 3870: 3772: 3586:Peter the Second, Emperor of All Russia 3412:1827 – 1829 Baron Paul Theodor von Hahn 2530: 1878: 1867: 1461: 1450: 425: 417: 404: 394: 376: 366: 354: 326: 3493:Coat of arms of Governorate of Livonia 3489: 3403:1797 – 1808 Christoph Adam von Richter 714:counties should be separated from the 199:Please consider expanding the lead to 5517:Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship 3660:3 maritime schools with 245 students, 3654:in Valka, Tērbata Teachers' Seminary) 3647:16 male gymnasia, 11 female gymnasia, 3564:was, according to the description in 3400:1797 Count Ernst Burchard von Mengden 457: 446: 438: 430: 409: 384: 7: 4152:"Срок регистрации домена закончился" 3406:1808 – 1811 Ivan Nikolayevich Repyev 3147:are caught. River and lake species: 1709:The First Latvian National Awakening 99:adding citations to reliable sources 3481:1917 Sergei Alekseyevich Shidlovsky 669:the serfs of Livonia were liberated 568:capitulation of Estonia and Livonia 5542:Governorates of the Russian Empire 4429:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire 4237:Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library 3899:The Baltic States and Their Region 3442:1882 – 1885 Ivan Egorovich Shevich 774:and the strait connecting it with 758:) for the new state, led by Baron 25: 4285:"Koolide venestamisest Baltimail" 4071:. 28 October 2016. Archived from 1782:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1747:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic 688:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia 45:This article has multiple issues. 4261:. 4 October 2019. Archived from 3923:Sebag Montefiore, Simon (2016). 3631:Veterinary Institute of Tērbat ( 3498: 3341:, near the Baltic port and near 3139:, near the Baltic port and near 2844:Other non-Christian denomination 2127: 1889: 1822: 1671:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia 1472: 356: 341: 331: 177: 75: 34: 5582:Historical geography of Estonia 4371: 4348: 3584:, a scarlet monogram of ПВ ИВ ( 3345:are caught in large numbers of 191:may be too short to adequately 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 5577:Historical geography of Latvia 3261:Of the fibrous and oily ones: 2961:and Yuriyev characterized the 1585:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 1424:Russian Provisional Government 362:Location in the Russian Empire 201:provide an accessible overview 1: 5562:1721 establishments in Russia 1802:2008 Latvian financial crisis 633:reorganized Governorate into 240:Governorate in Russian Empire 4310:Bienenstamm, H. von (1826). 4259:"Лифляндская губерния — ЭНЭ" 4020:(in Russian). Archived from 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2827:Other Christian denomination 2180:Russian Empire census (1897) 2001:Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721) 1396:The uezds were divided into 937:The courts consisted of the 3896:Smith, David James (2005). 3844:In pre-reform orthography: 3797: 3626:Riga Polytechnic University 3409:1811 – 1827 Joseph Du Hamel 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2102:Restoration of independence 2067:Declaration of Independence 1797:Restoration of Independence 593:to Russia in 1721 with the 5598: 3813:Livländisches Gouvernement 3652:Vidzeme Teachers' Seminary 3633:Tartu Veterinary Institute 3553: 3396:Balthasar von Campenhausen 3349:. River and lake species: 2892:Average temperatures (°C) 637:. Only in 1796, after the 629:was added. On 3 July 1783 422:318 m (1,043 ft) 300:Livländisches Gouvernement 5505: 3845: 3786: 3642:Riga Theological Seminary 3576:Which was translated as: 3497: 3381:are abundant everywhere. 3179:are abundant everywhere. 3127:; and in smaller numbers 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 1777:1944 Soviet re-occupation 1387:(2,758.0 sq mi) 1345:(1,105.3 sq mi) 1305:(1,764.3 sq mi) 1265:(2,402.8 sq mi) 1190:(1,915.0 sq mi) 1150:(1,645.2 sq mi) 1113:(2,176.7 sq mi) 1073:(2,328.3 sq mi) 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1002: 961:) for the peasantry, the 639:Third Partition of Poland 597:. In 1722 Dorpat County ( 575: 355: 327: 318: 254: 4231: 4203: 4012: 3941:Griff nach der Weltmacht 2989:Mineral wealth - mainly 1757:1934 Latvian coup d'état 971:) and the parish court ( 949:(Courts of Appeal), the 940:Livländisches Hofgericht 249: 110:"Governorate of Livonia" 27:1796–1918 unit of Russia 5572:19th century in Estonia 5552:18th century in Estonia 3956:"ЭСБЕ/Зедде — Викитека" 3798:Liflyandskaya guberniya 3556:Coat of arms of Vidzeme 1787:Popular Front of Latvia 1772:The Holocaust in Latvia 1570:Principality of Koknese 1565:Principality of Jersika 1230:(2,063 sq mi) 981:Administrative division 788:Governorate of Courland 760:Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 727:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 387:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5567:19th century in Latvia 5557:18th century in Latvia 5537:Governorate of Livonia 5519:was abolished in 1876. 5202:Baku (Gradonachalstvo) 3938:Fritz Fischer (1967). 3830: 3821: 3812: 3787:Лифля́ндская губе́рния 3761:Livonian Confederation 3681:3 schools for the deaf 3594: 3574: 3528:Russian Imperial crown 3099:and others. There are 3059:Native birds include: 1762:1940 Soviet occupation 1694:Governorate of Livonia 1676:Couronian colonization 1440:Governorate of Estonia 1428: 1411: 1381: 1339: 1299: 1259: 1224: 1184: 1144: 1107: 1067: 990: 973: 967: 957: 951: 945: 939: 754: 731: 684:Governorate of Estonia 650: 602: 589:Sweden formally ceded 563: 555: 517:to the south, and the 503:Governorate of Estonia 481:Governorate of Livonia 476: 419:Highest elevation 299: 284: 269: 247:Governorate of Livonia 4316:(in German). Deubner. 3883:19 March 2009 at the 3726:Postal infrastructure 3620:University of Yuriyev 3590:Order of Saint Andrew 3337:. Near the shores of 3329:; in smaller numbers 3135:. Near the shores of 2204:speaking minorities. 2186:Russian Empire Census 1928:Baltic Finnic peoples 1600:Bishopric of Courland 1595:Archbishopric of Riga 1380: 1338: 1298: 1258: 1223: 1183: 1143: 1106: 1066: 1008:Administrative centre 988: 790:to the west, and the 733:Vereinigter Landesrat 561: 553: 474: 443:28/km (72/sq mi) 18:Government of Livland 5418:Galicia and Bukovina 5087:Caucasus Viceroyalty 4626:Little Russia (1796) 4619:Little Russia (1764) 3751:Courland Governorate 3666:222 private schools, 3635:) with 290 students, 2107:Contemporary Estonia 1699:Courland Governorate 1653:Polish–Swedish Wars 1643:Inflanty Voivodeship 798:Geological structure 780:Governorate of Pskov 580:Smolensk Governorate 515:Courland Governorate 483:, also known as the 475:Livonian Governorate 440: • Density 255:Лифляндская губерния 95:improve this article 5547:Baltic governorates 5212:Baltic Governorates 3756:Estonia Governorate 3746:Baltic governorates 3628:with 1025 students, 3622:with 2095 students, 2893: 2554: 2209: 2072:War of Independence 1752:War of Independence 1742:United Baltic Duchy 1704:Vitebsk Governorate 1661:Second Northern War 1622:Early modern period 1499:Corded Ware culture 1420:February Revolution 1412:Gemeindeversammlung 1011:Arms of county town 750:United Baltic Duchy 741:on 27 August 1918, 716:Vitebsk Governorate 680:February Revolution 631:Catherine the Great 495:Baltic governorates 485:Livonia Governorate 5464:Emirate of Bukhara 5095:Baku (Governorate) 4075:on 28 October 2016 3831:Liivimaa kubermang 3663:48 county schools, 3644:with 145 students, 2979:Schwarbe peninsula 2891: 2771:Armenian Apostolic 2552: 2207: 2134:Estonia portal 2097:Singing Revolution 2044:National awakening 2016:Great Northern War 1792:Singing Revolution 1688:National Awakening 1666:Great Northern War 1633:Kingdom of Livonia 1382: 1340: 1300: 1260: 1225: 1185: 1145: 1108: 1068: 991: 786:to the south, the 678:After the Russian 564: 556: 511:Pskov Governorates 487:, was a province ( 477: 432: • Total 411: • Total 285:Liivimaa kubermang 5524: 5523: 5470:Khanate of Kokand 5060:Semirechye Oblast 4660:Novgorod-Seversky 4396: 4395: 4370: 4369: 4332:www.filateelia.ee 4291:. 31 October 2008 4265:on 4 October 2019 4127:ru.wikisource.org 3960:ru.wikisource.org 3909:978-90-420-1666-8 3795: 3678:6 Sunday schools, 3675:6 Jewish schools, 3552: 3551: 3143:large numbers of 2956: 2955: 2877: 2876: 2809:Armenian Catholic 2550: 2549: 2184:According to the 2168: 2167: 2092:Soviet occupation 2049:German occupation 1863: 1862: 1829:Latvia portal 1737:German occupation 1656: 1655:(1600–1629) 1394: 1393: 974:Kirchspielgericht 847:period are rare. 778:to the east, the 648:through a feudal 584:Smolensk Province 493:) and one of the 469: 468: 236: 235: 228: 218: 217: 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 5589: 5490:Khanate of Khiva 5123:Georgia-Imeretia 5065:Syr-Darya Oblast 5022:Siberian Kirghiz 4947:Orenburg Kirghiz 4740:Saint Petersburg 4422: 4415: 4408: 4399: 4372: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4119: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4099:www.demoscope.ru 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4048:www.demoscope.ru 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4018:www.demoscope.ru 4008: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3893: 3887: 3875: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3836: 3822:Vidzemes guberņa 3807: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3777: 3502: 3490: 2967:Sõrve Lighthouse 2894: 2600:Eastern Orthodox 2555: 2222:Native speakers 2210: 2160: 2153: 2146: 2132: 2131: 2130: 1961:Livonian Crusade 1945:Medieval Estonia 1933:Ancient counties 1893: 1883: 1865: 1855: 1848: 1841: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1732:Latvian Riflemen 1654: 1638:Duchy of Livonia 1580:Livonian Crusade 1476: 1466: 1448: 1433: 1414: 1031:Name in Russian 1000: 976: 970: 960: 954: 948: 942: 920:(2294 km). 757: 755:Regentschaftsrat 736: 673:Tsar Alexander I 666: 655: 635:Riga Viceroyalty 595:Treaty of Nystad 577: 576:Рижская губерния 572:Riga Governorate 507:Saint Petersburg 360: 345: 335: 310: 302: 295: 287: 280: 272: 270:Vidzemes guberņa 265: 257: 256: 243: 231: 224: 213: 210: 204: 181: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5501: 5496:Zeravshan Okrug 5477:Russian America 5445: 5417: 5416:Governorates of 5410: 5306: 5249: 5206: 5081: 5032: 4998: 4884: 4763:Sloboda Ukraine 4654:Nizhny Novgorod 4439: 4431: 4426: 4392: 4390: 4366: 4364: 4347: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4024:on 22 June 2011 4014: 4010: 4009: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3885:Wayback Machine 3876: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3803: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3693: 3688: 3599: 3558: 3488: 3387: 3315: 3236: 3113: 3029: 3005:found near the 3003:swamp ironstone 2987: 2975: 2912:Annual average 2885: 2879: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2128: 2126: 2112: 2111: 2077:Interwar period 2062: 2054: 2053: 2039:Russian Livonia 2034:Russian Estonia 2029: 2028:Russian Estonia 2021: 2020: 2011:Swedish Livonia 1991: 1989:Swedish Estonia 1981: 1980: 1946: 1938: 1937: 1903: 1901:Ancient Estonia 1881: 1874: 1859: 1823: 1821: 1807: 1806: 1767:Nazi occupation 1727: 1719: 1718: 1689: 1681: 1680: 1648:Swedish Livonia 1623: 1615: 1614: 1560: 1552: 1551: 1484: 1464: 1457: 1445: 1386: 1385:7,143.2 km 1362: 1344: 1343:2,862.7 km 1304: 1303:4,569.5 km 1264: 1263:6,223.3 km 1229: 1189: 1188:4,959.7 km 1149: 1148:4,261.1 km 1112: 1111:5,637.6 km 1072: 1071:6,030.2 km 1018: 983: 968:Gemeindegericht 952:Ordnungsgericht 935: 926: 906: 894: 885: 853: 800: 768: 660: 646:Baltic nobility 591:Swedish Livonia 548: 363: 351: 350: 349: 348: 339: 338: 323: 314: 313: 304: 289: 274: 259: 248: 241: 232: 221: 220: 219: 214: 208: 205: 198: 186:This article's 182: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5529: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5484:Uryankhay Krai 5480: 5473: 5466: 5461: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5384: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5320: 5318: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5267:Abo-Byorneborg 5263: 5261: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5138: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5097: 5091: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5042:Turkestan Krai 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5012: 5010: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4894: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4875:Yekaterinoslav 4872: 4867: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4710: 4705: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4472:Archangelgorod 4468: 4463: 4456: 4447: 4445: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4393: 4375: 4368: 4367: 4352: 4345: 4344: 4319: 4302: 4276: 4250: 4221: 4193: 4168: 4140: 4111: 4086: 4060: 4035: 3998: 3973: 3947: 3930: 3915: 3908: 3888: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3849: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3801: 3779: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3686:Infrastructure 3684: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3648: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3598: 3595: 3582:Imperial crown 3550: 3549: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3495: 3494: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3386: 3383: 3319:Baltic herring 3314: 3311: 3235: 3232: 3112: 3109: 3028: 3025: 2986: 2985:Natural wealth 2983: 2974: 2971: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2619:Roman Catholic 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 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1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1886: 1885: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1818: 1817: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1610:Baltic Germans 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1590:Livonian Order 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1510: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1483:Ancient Latvia 1482: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1469: 1468: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1374: 1371: 1359: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1341: 1332: 1329: 1319: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1292: 1289: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1252: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1217: 1214: 1204: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1177: 1174: 1164: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1146: 1137: 1134: 1127: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1109: 1100: 1097: 1087: 1084: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1060: 1057: 1047: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028:Name in German 1025: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 997:("counties"). 982: 979: 934: 931: 925: 922: 905: 902: 893: 890: 884: 881: 862:Lemsal Plateau 852: 849: 799: 796: 767: 764: 686:to form a new 627:Schlock County 625:. In 1783 the 566:Following the 547: 544: 532:Vidzeme Region 505:to the north, 499:Russian Empire 467: 466: 463: 456: 455: 452: 445: 444: 441: 437: 436: 433: 429: 428: 424: 423: 420: 416: 415: 412: 408: 407: 403: 402: 397: 393: 392: 389: 383: 382: 379: 375: 374: 372:Russian Empire 369: 365: 364: 361: 353: 352: 346: 340: 336: 330: 329: 328: 325: 324: 319: 316: 315: 312: 311: 296: 281: 266: 250: 246: 239: 234: 233: 216: 215: 195:the key points 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5594: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5518: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 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3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3732: 3725: 3723: 3716: 3714: 3707: 3705: 3698: 3696: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3611:was created. 3608: 3605: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3282:timothy grass 3279: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2936: 2935: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2889: 2882: 2880: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2843: 2842: 2826: 2825: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2556: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2514: 2513: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2177: 2170: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1913:Narva culture 1911: 1909: 1908:Kunda culture 1906: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1877: 1872: 1866: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1726:Modern Latvia 1723: 1722: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1605:Terra Mariana 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1494:Narva culture 1492: 1490: 1489:Kunda culture 1487: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1228:5,343 km 1227: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1005: 1001: 998: 996: 987: 980: 978: 975: 969: 964: 959: 953: 947: 941: 932: 930: 923: 921: 919: 913: 910: 909:Pernov County 903: 901: 898: 891: 889: 882: 880: 878: 874: 869: 865: 863: 859: 850: 848: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 797: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 765: 763: 761: 756: 751: 746: 744: 743:Soviet Russia 740: 735: 734: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 700:Soviet Russia 697: 693: 692:German troops 689: 685: 681: 676: 674: 670: 664: 659: 658:Livonian Diet 654: 653: 647: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 573: 569: 560: 552: 545: 543: 541: 538:and southern 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 516: 513:to the east, 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 491: 486: 482: 473: 464: 462: 459: • 453: 451: 448: • 442: 434: 421: 413: 401: 398: 390: 388: 380: 373: 370: 359: 344: 334: 322: 317: 308: 301: 297: 293: 286: 282: 278: 271: 267: 263: 252: 251: 244: 238: 230: 227: 212: 209:February 2024 202: 196: 194: 189: 184: 180: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 151:November 2022 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 90: 89: 84:This article 82: 78: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 5508: 5494: 5475: 5468: 5456: 5450:Dependencies 5398: 5391: 5379: 5362: 5345: 5323: 5312:Governorates 5292:Sankt-Mikhel 5255:Governorates 5237: 5230: 5225: 5169: 5152: 5140: 5128: 5121: 5104: 5069: 5050:Transcaspian 5020: 5008:Stepnoy Krai 4976: 4969: 4952: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4909: 4902: 4862: 4835: 4768: 4761: 4749: 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Rodopi. 3865:References 3699:Healthcare 3554:See also: 3252:Root crops 3184:salakushka 3117:salakushka 2897:City/Month 2543:1,299,365 2364:Belarusian 2345:Lithuanian 2119:Chronology 1956:Viking Age 1814:Chronology 1532:Latgalians 1504:Amber Road 1418:After the 1325:Kuressaare 1321:Arensburg 1203:Перновский 1086:Венденский 1017:Population 828:sandstones 824:limestones 776:Lake Pskov 725:After the 704:Daugavpils 574:(Russian: 524:Baltic Sea 427:Population 121:newspapers 50:improve it 5431:Peremyshl 5297:Tavastgus 5100:Black Sea 5071:Turkestan 5055:Samarkand 5016:Akmolinsk 4927:Kamchatka 4880:Yeniseysk 4870:Yaroslavl 4781:Stavropol 4702:Petrograd 4648:Nikolayev 4612:Lithuania 4516:Chernigov 4478:Astrakhan 3805:‹See Tfd› 3792:romanized 3597:Education 3544:Supporter 3385:Governors 3375:whitefish 3248:buckwheat 3216:koryushka 3192:whitefish 3173:whitefish 3111:Fisheries 3012:springs. 2870:1,299,365 2790:Mennonite 2591:1,031,016 2383:Ukrainian 2213:Language 1951:Oeselians 1542:Selonians 1537:Curonians 1517:Livonians 1398:uchastoks 1363:(Yuryev) 1358:Юрьевский 1318:Эзельский 1126:Верроский 851:Mountains 816:dolomites 766:Geography 490:guberniya 435:1,299,365 193:summarize 56:talk page 5436:Tarnopol 5393:Sandomir 5370:Petrokov 5325:Avgustov 5302:Uleaborg 5221:Courland 5171:Imeretia 5165:Dagestan 5154:Armenian 5142:Shemakha 4978:Tarnopol 4965:Sakhalin 4940:Kwantung 4917:Don Host 4904:Belostok 4853:Voronezh 4848:Volhynia 4831:Vladimir 4776:Smolensk 4757:Simbirsk 4681:Orenburg 4666:Novgorod 4601:Kostroma 4534:Iziaslav 4510:Caucasus 4496:Bratslav 4484:Belgorod 4243:13 March 4214:13 March 3881:Archived 3827:Estonian 3735:See also 3717:Railways 3379:Crayfish 3335:flounder 3327:sturgeon 3286:corn pea 3256:potatoes 3188:flounder 3177:Crayfish 3133:flounder 3125:sturgeon 3107:island. 3085:sparrows 2733:Anglican 2676:Reformed 2581:Lutheran 2540:669,373 2537:629,992 2260:518,594 2257:271,246 2254:247,348 2250:Estonian 2241:563,929 2238:292,714 2235:271,215 2194:Estonian 1871:a series 1869:Part of 1454:a series 1452:Part of 1436:Estonian 1390:190,317 1285:Viljandi 1268:396,101 1193:112,836 1170:Valmiera 1116:124,208 1076:120,585 1046:Валкский 868:Piebalga 845:Silurian 808:Devonian 804:Silurian 603:Tartumaa 599:Estonian 526:port of 292:Estonian 5509:Italics 5406:Suvalki 5400:Sedlets 5364:Mazovia 5358:Lyublin 5287:Nyuland 5259:Finland 5245:Estonia 5226:Livonia 5197:Zakatal 5192:Sukhumi 5136:Kutaisi 5130:Georgia 5106:Derbent 5077:Fergana 5038:Oblasts 5004:Oblasts 4971:Taurida 4933:Caspian 4890:Oblasts 4843:Vologda 4826:Vitebsk 4801:Tobolsk 4786:Taurida 4751:Siberia 4745:Saratov 4720:Poltava 4714:Polotsk 4708:Podolia 4676:Olonets 4637:Mogilev 4595:Kolyvan 4579:Kherson 4574:Kharkov 4547:Irkutsk 4527:Finland 4503:Belarus 4337:27 June 4295:27 June 4269:27 June 4186:27 June 4161:27 June 4133:27 June 4079:27 June 3966:27 June 3857:Andrew. 3818:Latvian 3794:: 3783:Russian 3507:Adopted 3363:vendace 3355:lamprey 3339:Estland 3321:, then 3224:lamprey 3200:vendace 3161:vendace 3153:lamprey 3137:Estland 3119:, then 3089:pigeons 3077:magpies 3065:falcons 3050:martens 3010:sulphur 2973:Economy 2963:climate 2937:Yuriyev 2909:October 2900:January 2883:Climate 2873:100.00 2867:669,373 2864:629,992 2752:Karaite 2695:Baptist 2638:Judaism 2610:187,740 2588:541,779 2585:489,237 2572:Number 2564:Female 2546:100.00 2515:Others 2478:English 2440:Swedish 2336:15,132 2317:23,728 2314:11,539 2311:12,189 2298:68,124 2295:29,280 2292:38,844 2288:Russian 2279:98,573 2276:53,803 2273:44,770 2231:Latvian 2219:Female 2202:Russian 2190:Latvian 1882:Estonia 1348:60,263 1308:99,747 1281:Fellin 1251:282,230 1243:Рижский 1233:98,123 1206:Pernau 1166:Wolmar 1153:97,185 1129:Werro ( 1089:Wenden 965:court ( 904:Forests 858:Chudsky 784:Vitebsk 720:Iskolat 712:Rēzekne 694:during 652:Landtag 546:History 540:Estonia 497:of the 396:Capital 368:Country 277:Latvian 262:Russian 135:scholar 5375:Plotsk 5353:Lomzha 5347:Krakov 5341:Keltsy 5336:Kalish 5331:Warsaw 5316:Poland 5282:Kuopio 5277:Vyborg 5148:Tiflis 5117:Erivan 4984:Turgay 4864:Vyborg 4858:Vyatka 4791:Tambov 4770:Slonim 4735:Samara 4730:Ryazan 4642:Moscow 4557:Kaluga 4521:Grodno 3991:6 June 3906: 3809:German 3562:blazon 3534:Shield 3367:navaga 3351:salmon 3331:burbot 3278:clover 3244:barley 3220:salmon 3165:navaga 3149:salmon 3129:burbot 3101:storks 3097:snipes 3093:grouse 3061:eagles 3038:wolves 3021:Wenden 3017:Fellin 2995:gypsum 2714:Muslim 2667:16,777 2648:29,683 2645:14,497 2642:15,186 2629:30,539 2626:13,149 2623:17,390 2613:14.45 2607:89,064 2604:98,676 2594:79.35 2558:Faith 2524:1,060 2497:Danish 2459:French 2355:6,594 2352:2,463 2349:4,131 2333:6,811 2330:8,321 2326:Polish 2307:Jewish 2269:German 2263:39.91 2244:43.40 2200:, and 2198:German 1923:Chudes 1873:on the 1575:Tālava 1465:Latvia 1456:on the 1373:42,308 1361:Dorpat 1354:Dorpat 1278:Феллин 1274:Fellin 1216:12,898 1199:Pernau 1159:Wolmar 1082:Wenden 1059:10,922 1004:County 963:volost 924:Swamps 739:Berlin 619:Pernau 615:Dorpat 611:Wenden 536:Latvia 465:70.69% 454:29.31% 307:German 303: 288: 273: 258: 137: 130: 123: 116: 108: 5387:Radom 5232:Reval 5187:Terek 5182:Kuban 5160:Batum 4994:Yakut 4821:Vilna 4806:Tomsk 4725:Pskov 4691:Penza 4686:Oryol 4632:Minsk 4606:Kursk 4589:Kovno 4584:Kholm 4552:Kazan 4460:Altai 4104:2 May 4028:2 May 3767:Notes 3708:Ports 3691:Press 3604:Pärnu 3524:Crest 3371:perch 3359:trout 3347:sprat 3323:perch 3274:herbs 3228:Dvina 3212:sudak 3208:perch 3204:ruffe 3196:snets 3169:perch 3157:trout 3145:sprat 3121:perch 3073:crows 3069:hawks 3054:hares 3046:foxes 3034:bears 2991:clays 2903:April 2861:Total 2856:0.00 2839:0.01 2822:0.00 2803:0.00 2784:0.00 2765:0.00 2746:0.02 2727:0.04 2708:0.08 2705:1,086 2689:0.12 2686:1,557 2670:1.29 2664:9,224 2661:7,553 2651:2.28 2632:2.35 2567:Both 2561:Male 2533:Total 2527:0.08 2510:0.02 2491:0.02 2472:0.03 2453:0.03 2434:0.03 2421:Tatar 2415:0.04 2402:Gipsy 2396:0.05 2377:0.07 2358:0.51 2339:1.16 2320:1.83 2301:5.24 2282:7.59 2216:Male 1918:Aesti 1527:Balts 1521:Vends 1508:Aesti 1430:Kreis 1367:Tartu 1331:4,603 1291:7,736 1210:Pärnu 1176:5,050 1136:4,152 1122:Werro 1099:6,356 1093:Cēsis 1053:Valka 1049:Walk 1036:1897 995:uezds 883:Water 877:Ruhnu 832:Zedde 820:marls 708:Ludza 665:] 461:Rural 450:Urban 142:JSTOR 128:books 5426:Lvov 5272:Vaza 5239:Riga 5177:Kars 4989:Ural 4954:Omsk 4898:Amur 4811:Tula 4796:Tver 4696:Perm 4569:Kiev 4452:Azov 4442:List 4339:2022 4297:2022 4271:2022 4245:2024 4216:2024 4188:2022 4163:2022 4135:2022 4106:2023 4081:2022 4055:2024 4030:2023 3993:2022 3968:2022 3904:ISBN 3518:1918 3510:1856 3343:Riga 3333:and 3313:Fish 3272:The 3267:hemp 3265:and 3263:flax 3226:(in 3186:and 3141:Riga 3131:and 3105:Esel 3081:owls 3052:and 3019:and 3007:Riga 2999:peat 2959:Riga 2952:4.4 2946:17,1 2940:−6,7 2932:6.0 2926:17.9 2920:−5.1 2917:Riga 2906:July 2521:406 2518:654 2507:223 2501:129 2488:311 2485:153 2482:158 2469:339 2466:241 2450:424 2447:201 2444:223 2431:449 2425:428 2412:495 2409:224 2406:271 2393:638 2387:555 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Governorate of Livonia

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