662:
17:
92:
present day. In contrast to later depictions of Grýla, no explicit mention is made of Grýla's gender. Not all counterparts to Grýla identified by
Gunnell are female figures, and it is possible that Grýla was originally conceived of as a male monster rather than an ogress. In one seventeenth-century poem about Grýla, which depicts her as wandering between farms in summer rather than at Christmas, she is described as a
2530:
91:
Several parallels to Grýla exist in the North
Atlantic region, and these are generally associated with mumming and disguise traditions. Terry Gunnell hypothesizes that Grýla may once have been associated with similar disguise traditions in Iceland, although such practices have not survived to the
110:
Grýla is closely associated with
Christmas folklore in younger traditions. The oldest extant source connecting Grýla with Christmas is a poem that was likely co-composed by the Rev. Guðmundur Erlendsson of Fell in Sléttuhlíð and his brother-in-law Ásgrímur Magnússon, who was a farmer and
43:
date only from the seventeenth century. In seventeenth-century poems about Grýla, she is generally represented as a hideous and greedy ogress who wanders between human settlements and demands
1781:
1776:
84:('heiti for Grýla') in one manuscript of the Prose Edda from the early 14th century, AM 748 I b 4to, gives various terms for foxes, suggesting an association with the
341:
1732:
47:
from those she encounters, often asking for naughty children. Modern depictions of Grýla tend to focus more strongly on her role as the mother of the Yule Lads (
661:
2118:
1479:
127:, in which Grýla's lazy and unpleasant husband, Leppalúði, makes his appearance and claims that Grýla was left bedridden after her journey to Sléttuhlíð.
1377:
1208:
55:). Today, the most monstrous aspects of her character and appearance (such as her appetite for children) are generally toned down for younger audiences.
2571:
1712:
39:. The name Grýla is first attested in medieval sources. However, the earliest unambiguous references to Grýla's gender and her association with
2107:
1914:
1988:
199:, eds. Gísli Sigurðsson, Halldóra Jónsdóttir and Torfi H. Tulinius (Reykjavík: Menningar- og minningarsjóður Mette Magnussen, 2010), 80–83.
1717:
1432:
777:
334:
1786:
1575:
1146:
972:
2048:
1963:
174:
2188:
1983:
1878:
1892:
1275:
1054:
327:
309:
2576:
2556:
1813:
1600:
1595:
1109:
900:
1968:
1672:
1218:
105:
2561:
304:
880:
120:
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2124:
2113:
2033:
1885:
1806:
1625:
1382:
1270:
984:
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2140:
1926:
1848:
1766:
1759:
1662:
1545:
967:
799:
16:
1265:
2088:
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2008:
1958:
1953:
1862:
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1727:
1447:
996:
770:
2018:
1642:
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1920:
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258:
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1089:
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642:
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1652:
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1469:
1452:
1412:
920:
827:
763:
728:
48:
44:
2193:
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2043:
1948:
1854:
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1496:
1362:
1342:
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230:
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77:
2163:
210:
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2003:
1998:
1978:
1771:
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1422:
1357:
1307:
1240:
925:
744:
723:
478:
350:
1198:
1094:
175:"Grýla, Grýlur, Grøleks And Skeklers: Medieval Disguise Traditions in the North Atlantic"
182:
2581:
2412:
2274:
2219:
2093:
2023:
1973:
1820:
1540:
1508:
1502:
1392:
1332:
1173:
1141:
1079:
1049:
979:
119:, can be dated to ca. 1638–1644. Several years after this, in ca. 1648–1649, the Rev.
2550:
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2397:
2335:
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1437:
1317:
1312:
1235:
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93:
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2013:
1513:
1387:
1044:
935:
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841:
705:
2501:
2178:
2173:
314:
195:
Yelena
Sesselja Helgadóttir, „Meira veit eg ekkert um ættina... hans Grýlu?“, in
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40:
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Reykjavík: Menningar- og minningarsjóður Mette
Magnussen, 1996. Pp. 43–49.
226:
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1565:
1519:
1260:
1114:
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112:
28:
20:
A classic depiction of Grýla by
Icelandic artist Tryggvi Magnússon (1932)
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289:Þorlákstíðir sungnar Ásdísi Egilsdóttur fimmtugri, 26. október 1996.
2244:
930:
587:
580:
528:
432:
389:
197:
Guðrúnarstikki kveðinn Guðrúnu Nordal fimmtugri 27. september 2010
74:
64:
15:
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2130:
848:
696:
617:
759:
323:
755:
287:
106:
Icelandic_Christmas_folklore § Grýla and Leppalúði
35:
is a monstrous entity who lives in the wilderness of
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150:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
771:
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8:
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73:, composed in the 13th century by Icelandic
2149:
778:
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342:
328:
320:
234:
209:Parsons, Katelin Marit (September 2023).
168:
166:
136:
2108:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
7:
63:The name Grýla appears in a list of
14:
315:Waking the Wiggle-Waggle Monsters
2572:Scandinavian legendary creatures
2529:
2528:
1984:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
1879:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
660:
257:Parsons, Katelin Marit (2013).
1964:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
1893:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1276:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1055:Legend of the Christmas Spider
146:"Anonymous, Trollkvenna heiti"
1:
1915:Christmas television specials
1814:The New Oxford Book of Carols
901:Annunciation to the shepherds
1969:Christmas and holiday season
100:Grýla and Christmas folklore
2598:
881:Adoration of the Shepherds
103:
2524:
2125:WWE Tribute to the Troops
1886:A Visit from St. Nicholas
1807:The Oxford Book of Carols
1383:Feast of the Seven Fishes
946:Massacre of the Innocents
795:
658:
179:Christmas in Iceland 2000
59:Grýla in medieval sources
1927:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2089:Small Business Saturday
1959:Black Friday (shopping)
1954:Black Friday (partying)
1448:Nine Lessons and Carols
1378:Events and celebrations
634:
625:
616:
486:
477:
419:
310:Getting Even with Grýla
67:for troll-women in the
1733:Post-War United States
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376:
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52:
21:
1782:Hit singles in the US
1777:Hit singles in the UK
1338:Carols by Candlelight
1266:Santa Claus' daughter
874:Adoration of the Magi
352:Scandinavian folklore
259:"Grýla in Sléttuhlíð"
227:10.33112/ritid.23.2.2
80:. However, a list of
19:
2577:Supernatural legends
2557:Christmas characters
2074:Santa's Candy Castle
1398:Google Santa Tracker
305:Christmas in Iceland
121:Hallgrímur Pétursson
2079:Santa Claus Village
1994:Christmas Mountains
1900:Journey of the Magi
906:Baptism of the Lord
2562:Icelandic folklore
2189:Twelve-dish supper
2039:Jews and Christmas
1989:Christmas Lectures
1718:American Civil War
1453:NORAD Tracks Santa
829:Saint Nicholas Day
729:Old Norse religion
115:-poet. This poem,
22:
2544:
2543:
2520:
2519:
2184:Thirteen desserts
2104:Virginia O'Hanlon
1949:Advent Conspiracy
1863:Films (Christmas,
1855:A Christmas Carol
1800:Carols for Choirs
1343:Cavalcade of Magi
1323:Boar's Head Feast
992:Star of Bethlehem
963:Nativity of Jesus
951:flight into Egypt
836:St. Stephen's Day
753:
752:
236:20.500.11815/4771
144:Gurevich, Elena.
123:composed a poem,
2589:
2567:Medieval legends
2536:
2532:
2531:
2367:Redcurrant sauce
2156:
2150:
2145:
2119:Winter festivals
1869:Christmas horror
1836:
1747:
1578:
1433:Meals and feasts
1353:Christmas jumper
1300:
1271:Santa's reindeer
1223:
1169:Father Christmas
1133:
1090:Santa's workshop
1011:
973:in later culture
851:
844:
837:
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809:
802:
789:
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757:
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691:
682:
664:
653:
643:Will-o'-the-wisp
639:
630:
621:
612:
603:
584:
568:
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541:
532:
518:
509:
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491:
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278:
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193:
187:
186:
181:. Archived from
173:Gunnell, Terry.
170:
161:
160:
158:
156:
141:
78:Snorri Sturluson
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2516:
2482:Pickled herring
2455:
2424:
2371:
2362:Cranberry sauce
2345:
2324:
2300:Red velvet cake
2285:Poppy seed roll
2203:
2154:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2114:White Christmas
2004:Christmas truce
1999:Christmas seals
1979:Christmas creep
1941:
1939:
1933:
1834:
1828:
1745:
1739:
1576:
1570:
1423:Lord of Misrule
1358:Christmas Peace
1308:Advent calendar
1298:
1292:
1241:Knecht Ruprecht
1221:
1219:
1213:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1013:
1009:
1001:
926:Herod the Great
861:
855:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
791:
787:
784:
754:
749:
745:Danish folklore
733:
724:Norse mythology
712:
665:
656:
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61:
12:
11:
5:
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2413:Smoking Bishop
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2209:
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2166:
2160:
2158:
2147:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2101:
2096:
2094:Super Saturday
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Giving Tuesday
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Christmas club
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1935:
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1932:
1931:
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1929:
1924:
1912:
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1872:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:Piae Cantiones
1817:
1810:
1803:
1793:
1787:Music charts (
1784:
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1279:
1278:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Père Fouettard
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1222:Saint Nicholas
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Grandpa Indian
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1142:Saint Nicholas
1138:
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1125:
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1112:
1107:
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1097:
1092:
1087:
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1080:Old Man Winter
1077:
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1067:
1065:Miner's figure
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Kallikantzaros
1047:
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1037:
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1022:
1016:
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1002:
1000:
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989:
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980:Nativity scene
977:
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832:
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815:Children's Day
811:
804:
801:Blue Christmas
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650:Ysätters-Kajsa
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299:External links
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185:on 2006-10-13.
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125:Leppalúðakvæði
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9:
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3:
2:
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2460:Meat and fish
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2398:Hot chocolate
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2009:Controversies
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822:Christmas Eve
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94:hermaphrodite
89:
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50:
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42:
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34:
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18:
2472:Gefilte fish
2420:Ponche crema
2255:Melomakarono
2123:
2014:Cyber Monday
1919:
1884:
1853:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1795:Music books
1788:
1626:Nazi Germany
1518:
1514:Secret Santa
1501:
1388:Flying Santa
1095:Tió de Nadal
1045:Korvatunturi
1034:
896:Annunciation
862:Christianity
843:Sol Invictus
288:
283:
273:11 September
271:. Retrieved
266:
262:
252:
242:11 September
240:. Retrieved
218:
214:
211:"Hán Grýla?"
204:
196:
191:
183:the original
178:
155:11 September
153:. Retrieved
149:
139:
124:
116:
109:
90:
81:
68:
62:
32:
23:
2487:Roast goose
2408:Mulled wine
2388:Champurrado
2383:Apple cider
2357:Bread sauce
2310:Szaloncukor
2290:Pumpkin pie
2240:Gingerbread
2194:Smörgåsbord
1835:Other media
1673:Philippines
1663:New Zealand
1546:Twelve Days
1503:Räuchermann
1458:Nutcrackers
1408:Las Posadas
1368:Decorations
1348:Christingle
1288:Zwarte Piet
1283:Snegurochka
1204:Sinterklaas
1154:Santa Claus
706:Påskkärring
400:Church grim
82:Grýlu heiti
53:jólasveinar
2551:Categories
2215:Candy cane
2164:Joulupöytä
2064:Pikkujoulu
1728:New Mexico
1577:By country
1551:Wassailing
1492:Poinsettia
1299:Traditions
1251:Mrs. Claus
1231:Belsnickel
1184:Julemanden
1179:Joulupukki
1110:Wenceslaus
1075:North Pole
1040:Jack Frost
1030:Christkind
985:Neapolitan
808:Boxing Day
679:Askeladden
488:Marmennill
456:Gjenganger
412:Deildegast
395:Changeling
131:References
117:Grýlukvæði
104:See also:
86:Arctic fox
70:Prose Edda
2502:Tourtière
2492:Romeritos
2429:Dumplings
2376:Beverages
2280:Pecan pie
2270:Panettone
2265:Pampushka
2260:Mince pie
2235:Fruitcake
2179:Réveillon
2059:NFL games
2054:NBA games
2049:In August
2019:Economics
1789:Billboard
1643:Indonesia
1586:Australia
1561:Yule goat
1536:Stockings
1470:Ornaments
1199:Père Noël
1194:Olentzero
1189:Noel Baba
1164:Ded Moroz
1120:Yule Lads
1060:Mari Lwyd
911:Bethlehem
788:Christmas
593:Troll cat
447:Fossegrim
405:Cyprianus
378:Bäckahäst
269:: 211–233
49:Icelandic
41:Christmas
26:Icelandic
2535:Category
2506:meat pie
2497:Stuffing
2451:Varenyky
2320:Yule log
2295:Qurabiya
2169:Julebord
2142:Food and
2069:SantaCon
2034:El Gordo
1921:Yule Log
1693:Scotland
1606:Ethiopia
1591:Colombia
1566:Yule log
1520:Spanbaum
1497:Pyramids
1363:Crackers
1261:Sack Man
1147:folklore
1115:Yule cat
1020:Badalisc
1010:folklore
921:Epiphany
738:See also
609:Vardøger
369:Askafroa
29:folklore
2441:Pierogi
2436:Hallaca
2341:Borscht
2305:Stollen
2275:Pavlova
2250:Makówki
2230:Cozonac
2199:Wigilia
2084:Scrooge
2044:In July
1942:society
1874:Poetry
1708:Ukraine
1683:Romania
1648:Ireland
1638:Iceland
1633:Hungary
1621:Germany
1611:Finland
1601:England
1596:Denmark
1556:Windows
1487:Piñatas
1475:Parades
1428:Markets
1413:Letters
1403:Hampers
1246:Krampus
1085:Perchta
1025:Caganer
717:Origins
600:Valravn
565:Skogsrå
538:Bergsrå
515:Nis Puk
465:Helhest
438:Erlking
45:charity
37:Iceland
2512:Turkey
2446:Tamale
2403:Kissel
2393:Eggnog
2350:Sauces
2336:Menudo
2315:Turrón
2225:Cookie
2208:Sweets
2174:Kūčios
2155:Dinner
2029:Grinch
1940:modern
1907:Tomten
1866:Santa,
1849:novels
1767:Operas
1755:Carols
1723:Hawaii
1703:Sweden
1698:Serbia
1688:Russia
1678:Poland
1668:Norway
1658:Mexico
1616:France
1531:Stamps
1526:Szopka
1418:Lights
1373:Didukh
1209:Others
1159:Befana
1105:Vertep
968:in art
936:Joseph
886:Advent
688:Blenda
670:People
627:Vættir
581:Skrømt
547:Hulder
497:Myling
472:Kraken
421:Draugr
360:Beings
263:Gripla
2582:Ogres
2245:Kutia
2144:drink
1772:Songs
1746:Music
1653:Italy
1509:Seals
1463:dolls
1393:Gifts
1333:Cards
1236:Elves
1100:Turoń
1070:Nisse
1035:Grýla
931:Jesus
636:Vǫrðr
618:Vargr
588:Troll
574:Selma
556:Sjörå
506:Nisse
428:Dwarf
390:Bysen
221:(2).
215:Ritið
113:rímur
75:skald
65:heiti
33:Grýla
2467:Carp
2329:Soup
2220:Cake
2131:Xmas
1760:list
1541:Tree
1480:list
941:Mary
850:Yule
697:Disa
522:Neck
479:Mara
385:Bøyg
275:2024
244:2024
157:2024
2477:Ham
1007:In
433:Elf
231:hdl
223:doi
24:In
2553::
2110:")
2106:("
1938:In
860:In
529:Rå
267:24
265:.
261:.
229:.
219:23
217:.
213:.
177:.
165:^
148:.
96:.
88:.
51::
31:,
2508:)
2504:(
1909:"
1905:"
1902:"
1898:"
1895:"
1891:"
1881:"
1877:"
1871:)
1791:)
779:e
772:t
765:v
343:e
336:t
329:v
277:.
246:.
233::
225::
159:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
