4716:
259:
266:
284:
331:
635:
4353:
3119:
138:
621:
660:
1697:
4038:
1711:
3503:
2989:
36:
346:
2538:
was a center of the metalworking industry. The country's first car plant was built in 1895 in
Eisenach. Chemical industries, such as a paint factory, could also be found in Eisenach. Furthermore, there were a paper mill in Oberweimar and a toy factory in Ilmenau. Wicker-work was manufactured in the
1283:. In the case of Weimar, these were: Weimar and Apolda, in the case of Eisenach they were the Eisenach and Dermbach. In all, there were 31 cities and 594 municipalities in the Grand Duchy. The Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach granted "city" status to three localities in the state, namely
2143:
In 1909, general suffrage was introduced, under the auspices of Alfred
Appelius, the later Speaker of the Landtag. The large landowners and the "thousand thaler men" retained their extra votes, and five new special members were added to the parliament, representing the
318:
1298:
In 1840, there were 13 cities with over 2,000 inhabitants. In the 70 years to 1910, the Grand Duchy industrialized heavily and the population of the largest cities grew, while the medium-sized cities remained constant or even lost population. The population of
319:
2583:
The major transport centers were Weimar and
Eisenach. Many banks opened branch offices here. In 1895, there were 23 branch offices of savings banks in the grand duchy, and they were managing deposits totalling approximately 40 million
2267:
Until 1900, agriculture was the most important branch in the economy of the grand duchy. A total of 56% of the duchy's territory was used for agriculture, mainly in the districts Weimar and
Neustadt and the exclaves
3998:
3020:
2131:
from other sources. The latter group of voters were popularly called "thousand thaler men". The
Electoral Act of 17 April 1896 enlarged the parliament to 33 members. The grand duchy had one vote in the
2623:
were found in Weimar, Apolda, Jena, Eisenach, Neustadt and
Ilmenau. In 1895, there were 462 primary schools, and any child would receive at least four years of primary education. Large libraries of
4715:
1774:
3468:
2471:
factories). The glass industry was specialized in industrial glass (for example measuring devices such as thermometers in the area around
Ilmenau) and optical products, around Jena. In 1846,
4605:
2119:
Under the
Constitution of 5 May 1816 (revised 15 October 1850), Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was a constitutional monarchy, hereditary in the male line. Under the Electoral Act of 1852, the
1953:
1827:
3991:
3013:
1800:
4232:
2219:
1965:
1823:
2213:
2200:
2184:
283:
258:
4939:
330:
4742:
4522:
4199:
3954:
2031:
2231:
2225:
2023:
1950:
in
October 1817. Many liberal-minded people participated and the speakers, most of them students, must be regarded as having been among the earliest democrats in Germany.
474:
4954:
4944:
3984:
3006:
2151:
The highest court in the land was the Court of
Appeals in Jena, which dealt with appeals from all Thuringian states. There were Regional Courts in Weimar and Eisenach.
167:
3461:
2178:
1754:
2188:
1758:
2172:
1770:
1742:
461:
320:
4974:
1834:, a conjugal union which decisively promoted the rise of the Ernestine Saxe-Weimar dynasty. It also gave the duchy some protection during the turmoil of the
4949:
4598:
3454:
2826:
2796:
2422:
was also widespread. In 1892, there were 19,121 horses in the grand duchy, 119,720 cattle, 113,208 sheep, 122,974 pigs, 46,405 goats and 16,999 beehives.
5014:
4225:
4900:
4007:
1853:
After the official merger in 1809, the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach consisted of the separate districts around the capital Weimar in the north and
4705:
5009:
1738:
4989:
4979:
4964:
4591:
4291:
3118:
2756:
2693:
53:
1930:
The cosmopolitan Grand Duke Charles Augustus gave his grand duchy the first liberal constitution in Germany, on 5 May 1816. Students of the
4959:
4218:
289:
265:
2682:
General Charte von dem GroĂźherzogthume Weimar-Eisenach nach den besten vorhandenen HĂĽlfsmitteln entworfen und gezeichnet von C. F. Weiland
4494:
4384:
4379:
4171:
4064:
4059:
3589:
3584:
3253:
4689:
4664:
4659:
3477:
1969:
368:
2740:
189:
119:
4352:
3629:
2612:
738:
100:
4479:
4156:
3784:
3386:
2685:
2027:
72:
2819:
1608:
1427:
951:
345:
1819:
circle, which was supported in the background by Anna Amalia. Later regents would see it as main task to guard this heritage.
4684:
4318:
57:
4037:
79:
5004:
4697:
4614:
3301:
3296:
3182:
4876:
1920:
1892:
before the war and a directly administered French fief under occupation. It further gained smaller possessions, such as
2475:
found a precision engineering and optical company that quickly developed into a world leader. In 1917, the company had
150:
4471:
4241:
4148:
3850:
3364:
2045:
William Ernest abdicated the throne on 9 November 1918, thereby ending the monarchy in the state. It continued as the
1843:
383:
86:
4886:
4296:
160:
154:
146:
3502:
4969:
4813:
4805:
4649:
4463:
4140:
3837:
3374:
3192:
3166:
3030:
2812:
2103:
The Catholic and Jewish minorities in the district Eisenach lived mainly in the Rhön. The area around the town of
2012:
1985:
1847:
1804:
378:
363:
46:
4836:
4489:
4342:
4166:
3919:
3537:
3401:
3067:
2137:
2133:
1746:
886:
68:
2069:
faith was the most prevalent. Specifically, in 1895, the reported religious affiliations of the 339,217 were:
2000:
171:
4984:
4871:
4861:
4787:
4389:
4287:
4283:
4069:
3891:
3799:
3594:
3339:
3332:
3161:
2988:
1968:(1818–1901), who was grand duke from 1853, also supported the arts, and music in particular. He was married to
1789:
858:
2733:
Regenten-Tafeln Thüringischer Fürstenhäuser. Mit einer Einführung in die Geschichte der Dynastien in Thüringen
2448:(in the Eisenach district and around Ilmenau). The grand duchy's State Forestry Office was based in Eisenach.
1757:
reigned for only three years, and died at the age of 20. At the age of 18, he married the Brunswick Princess
4669:
4644:
4271:
2127:, four were elected by other wealthy landowners, and five by voters who had an annual income exceeding 1000
1924:
1808:
1595:
1407:
1224:
1211:
750:
431:
2592:
2038:. However, many people continued to call it Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, to avoid confusion with the neighbouring
1788:
and the support of her ethical Minister Baron von Fritsch. As educator for her sons, she employed the poet
4866:
4831:
4554:
4484:
4326:
4161:
3944:
3914:
3881:
3396:
3327:
2726:, Landeskunde des Großherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), vol. 2, Weimar: Hermann Böhlau
2717:, Landeskunde des Großherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), vol. 1, Weimar: Hermann Böhlau
2432:
and in the Ilmenau exclave, where the grand duke's largest hunting ground was located on the banks of the
2123:
had 31 members, of whom 21 were elected in general elections. One member was elected by the landed former
1885:
1220:
882:
785:
2547:. In 1895, there were 257 breweries in the grand duchy; the largest of these were in Apolda and Ilmenau.
1907:
4674:
4458:
4427:
4135:
4107:
3873:
3779:
3721:
3349:
3322:
3187:
3140:
2975:
2804:
2776:
2760:
2086:
In the district of Eisenach, the distribution was slightly different. Of the 95,226 inhabitants were:
1831:
3976:
2998:
2456:
A versatile array of manufacturing industries developed in the grand duchy. For example, in BĂĽrgel and
1129:
303:
2148:, the Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Trade, the Chamber of Agriculture and the Chamber of Labour
1869:
1864:
4823:
4772:
4629:
4374:
4369:
4300:
4054:
3906:
3729:
3713:
3574:
3569:
3391:
3381:
3228:
3223:
3088:
3083:
2959:
2895:
2855:
2506:
2257:
2155:
1996:
1877:
1793:
1556:
1357:
1244:
1027:
933:
805:
372:
4538:
2790:
1051:
In 1895, the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was administratively divided into three districts (
4777:
4654:
4322:
4279:
3737:
3553:
3233:
3156:
2927:
2487:
2008:
1889:
1762:
1304:
1292:
854:
581:
93:
4417:
4314:
4261:
4256:
4097:
4022:
3619:
3532:
3522:
3517:
3446:
3306:
3057:
2616:
2604:
2145:
1981:
1931:
1858:
1839:
1812:
1121:
850:
842:
831:
The Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach consisted of three greater areas, each of which formed a
793:
722:
416:
2630:
volumes each were maintained in Weimar and Jena. In 1869, a State Museum was founded in Weimar.
2436:. About 50% of the forests were state-owned (450 km ). The dominant tree species were
2770:
1912:
4999:
4759:
4634:
4337:
4306:
4027:
3697:
3624:
3527:
3215:
3062:
2835:
2736:
2689:
2644:
2639:
2608:
2556:
2062:
2039:
1943:
1901:
1881:
1816:
1266:
917:
878:
866:
846:
761:
702:
426:
351:
4881:
4583:
3817:
3684:
3652:
3369:
3284:
2514:
2108:
1937:
1543:
1377:
1256:
1137:
985:
897:
874:
591:
1696:
308:
4994:
4412:
4210:
4092:
3827:
3807:
3789:
3668:
3660:
3637:
3492:
3408:
3359:
3274:
3269:
3104:
2433:
2124:
2004:
1961:
1835:
1734:
1710:
992:
820:
730:
690:
393:
2935:
1857:
in the west. Thanks to their Russian connection, the duchy gained substantially from the
2460:, there were porcelain factories (in all, there were 39 such factories in the country).
4782:
4767:
4732:
4512:
4440:
4432:
4422:
4310:
4189:
4117:
4112:
4102:
3939:
3745:
3705:
3642:
3238:
2951:
2919:
2879:
2419:
2261:
1730:
1702:
1634:
1417:
1300:
1215:
1203:
1199:
959:
870:
862:
789:
714:
510:
4933:
3858:
3774:
3769:
3676:
3354:
3344:
3279:
3248:
2943:
2903:
2871:
2785:
2491:
2016:
1785:
1726:
955:
816:
742:
710:
640:
502:
387:
336:
17:
2611:. There were several art and music schools in Weimar, and in Ilmenau, there was the
4570:
4561:
4450:
4330:
4275:
4127:
1260:
981:
900:; the southern and eastern parts were situated on the Ilm-Saale Plateau and in the
576:
1582:
1437:
1113:
317:
4361:
4046:
3243:
2863:
2847:
2564:
2522:
2425:
2405:
2277:
2249:
2066:
1977:
1957:
1897:
1893:
1722:
1657:
1291:(Eisenach district, 1886, administered jointly with the Duke of Saxe-Gotha) and
1284:
1275:
Furthermore, the districts of Weimar and Eisenach were each subdivided into two
1191:
1153:
1145:
1117:
801:
718:
706:
626:
506:
489:
35:
4852:
4724:
4504:
4181:
3579:
2887:
2620:
2585:
2483:
2472:
2429:
2273:
1681:
1228:
1167:
1109:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1022:
1016:
974:
809:
757:
535:
4915:
4902:
2615:, a privately owned university providing technical and scientific education.
2911:
2572:
2568:
2495:
2468:
2154:
The grand duchy had one infantry regiment, which after 1871 was part of the
2050:
1677:
1673:
1661:
1621:
1447:
1187:
1141:
1133:
777:
773:
653:
558:
2789:
2769:
2401:
913:
2704:
Geschichte des GroĂźherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach fĂĽr Schule und Haus
3291:
3042:
2510:
2409:
2352:
2269:
2253:
1973:
1947:
1854:
1807:, with whom he soon became friends. Goethe, in turn, invited the authors
1714:
1569:
1491:
1397:
1337:
1183:
1163:
1125:
1105:
970:
905:
781:
769:
436:
1737:
since 1741, after the Eisenach line had died out upon the death of Duke
1652:
In 1910, several other towns had grown past the 2,000 inhabitants mark:
737:), but this name was rarely used. The grand duchy came to an end in the
4737:
4639:
4517:
4194:
3949:
2540:
2457:
2413:
2120:
1989:
1766:
1669:
1530:
1387:
1248:
1159:
1101:
996:
966:
929:
925:
909:
838:
678:
4679:
4267:
2502:
2445:
2378:
2326:
2128:
1781:
1750:
1517:
1504:
1367:
1327:
1307:, when most of the city's Jewish citizens migrated to larger cities.
1278:
1093:
1089:
1008:
1004:
1000:
893:
765:
404:
2607:, which was funded by Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach together with the other
4404:
4084:
2560:
2544:
2535:
2518:
2437:
2393:
2300:
2104:
1709:
1695:
1685:
1653:
1288:
1207:
1195:
1149:
944:
921:
901:
698:
2049:, until 1920, when it merged with most of its neighbours to form
1773:
and after another year, when she was already a widow, to her son
2501:
The textile industry was also important. It was concentrated in
2464:
2441:
2397:
2339:
1984:. He also supported, albeit half-heartedly, the founding of the
1665:
1478:
1347:
1252:
1097:
936:
was located in hills with altitudes between 200 and 400 meters.
797:
4587:
4214:
3980:
3450:
3002:
2808:
928:
mountains and finally, in the far south, the main chain of the
2365:
2313:
1846:, Duke Charles Augustus escaped his deposition by joining the
912:
hills); the central part with the town of Eisenach was in the
131:
29:
2595:, except for the exclaves Ostheim, Oldisleben, and Allstedt.
2203:, 1809–1815; Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach since 1758
1999:
from 1815, the grand duchy was not seriously affected by the
2509:. Other major textile plants could be found in Wenigenjena,
1956:, who was grand duchess from 1828, featuring composers like
2061:
In the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, as in all the
2034:. In 1903, the grand duchy officially changed its name to
2003:
and remained neutral during the growing friction between
2187:, 1758–1809, until 1775 under the regency of his mother
2022:
In 1901 Charles Alexander was succeeded by his grandson
1934:
organized themselves as Germany's first fraternity, the
2603:
There was one state university in the grand duchy, the
2559:. Around 1900, potash industry began to develop in the
2555:
Ilmenau and Ruhla were important mining centers in the
2525:. In 1895, the textile industry employed approximately
1972:, who supported his plans, and he rebuilt the decaying
1680:(2379 v. 1228: +94%), Oberweimar (2095 v. 621: +237%),
2490:, which became the sole share holder of the companies
2007:
and Prussia over the following two decades. After the
1799:
At 18 years of age, Charles Augustus married Princess
857:(until 1866, when it was incorporated in the Prussian
2248:
In 1895, 37.9% of the workforce were employed in the
1880:
district; 629 km, 243 sq mi) from the
2688:, 1817, reprinted: Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2009,
1927:. Finally, the country was raised to a grand duchy.
1780:
As Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia actively took up the
4849:
4822:
4804:
4758:
4751:
4723:
4622:
4547:
4531:
4503:
4449:
4403:
4360:
4249:
4180:
4126:
4083:
4045:
4015:
3932:
3905:
3872:
3798:
3758:
3696:
3651:
3608:
3562:
3546:
3510:
3485:
3315:
3262:
3214:
3205:
3175:
3149:
3133:
3126:
3097:
3076:
3050:
3038:
1822:In 1804 Duke Charles Augustus' eldest son and heir
674:
572:
555:
545:
532:
522:
499:
485:
468:
455:
443:
422:
410:
400:
358:
204:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1015:The highest elevation in the grand duchy were the
815:The Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach branch has been the most
2167:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, 1741–1809
725:. In 1903, it officially changed its name to the
916:valley; further south were the mountains of the
159:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2107:was predominantly Catholic and belonged to the
2208:Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, 1815–1918
1815:to Weimar, thus laying the foundation for the
4599:
4226:
3992:
3462:
3014:
2820:
2189:Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1011:once described Weimar as "Athens on the Ilm".
8:
4568:
4559:
2800:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1935:
1905:
1862:
1861:in 1815. In the east, it gained most of the
1700:
1276:
1052:
832:
583:
238:
225:
212:
2175:, 1741–1748; Duke of Saxe-Weimar since 1707
1741:. The first Duke of the personal union was
4940:States and territories established in 1809
4755:
4606:
4592:
4584:
4233:
4219:
4211:
3999:
3985:
3977:
3762:
3612:
3469:
3455:
3447:
3211:
3130:
3047:
3021:
3007:
2999:
2827:
2813:
2805:
2444:(especially in the Neustadt district) and
1919:was created from adjacent former parts of
1769:. A year later she gave birth to her son,
1761:, one year his junior and a niece of King
344:
329:
201:
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Historical German state from 1809 to 1920
4955:States of the North German Confederation
4945:States of the Confederation of the Rhine
4008:States of the North German Confederation
2467:, glass was made (in particular, in the
2285:
2195:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, 1809–1815
1923:and territories held by the secularized
1459:
1313:
1059:
861:), and all the other Thuringian states (
214:(GroĂź-)Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
2667:, morning edition of 5 March 1909, p. 2
2656:
2011:the grand duchy became a member of the
1980:style of the day and had it painted by
350:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, shown within the
2619:existed in Weimar, Eisenach and Jena;
2099:Other / Non-denominational: 119 (0.1%)
2082:Other / Non-denominational: 500 (0.1%)
954:and Eisenach, and its tributaries the
939:The main rivers in the country were:
206:(Grand) Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1007:in the centre. Acting Prime Minister
554:
544:
531:
524:• Merger of Eisenach and Weimar
521:
498:
494:
467:
454:
450:
442:
7:
2780:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2505:(mostly hosiery knitting mills) and
2053:, with Weimar as the state capital.
1988:in Weimar, which merged to form the
1656:(Weimar part: 3917 v. 1533: +156%),
908:district was hilly (Hörselberge and
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4975:Grand dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2838:after the Division of Erfurt (1572)
2283:The harvest of 1895 consisted of:
1784:, with the approval of the Empress
697:) was a German state, created as a
232:Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4950:States of the German Confederation
3478:States of the German Confederation
2047:Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
896:district was flat and part of the
747:Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
25:
5015:1918 disestablishments in Germany
2875:(1596–1638, 1640–1644, 1672–1806)
2768:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2428:was only found near Eisenach, in
2260:, and 16.4% were employed in the
741:with the other monarchies of the
240:Freistaat Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
4714:
4351:
4036:
3501:
3117:
2987:
2757:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach genealogy"
2686:Geographical Institute of Weimar
2591:The grand duchy was part of the
2256:industries, 38.9% worked in the
947:flowing through Jena in the east
749:, which was merged into the new
658:
633:
619:
335:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach within the
315:
282:
264:
257:
136:
34:
2115:Constitution and administration
1888:, which had been an exclave of
1884:. It also received most of the
837:administratively, plus several
756:The full grand ducal style was
717:since 1741. It was raised to a
45:needs additional citations for
5010:1809 establishments in Germany
3828:ReuĂź-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf
2613:Technische Universität Ilmenau
2392:Fruit was mainly grown in the
2162:Rulers of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1303:shrank dramatically after the
1:
4990:House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4980:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4965:States of the Weimar Republic
4615:States of the Weimar Republic
1838:. Though at first an ally of
1792:, who was a professor at the
904:valley. The northern part of
841:. Neighboring countries were
721:in 1815 by resolution of the
701:in 1809 by the merger of the
2791:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach"
2771:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach"
2735:(in German), Jena: Quartus,
2722:Constantin Kronfeld (1879),
2713:Constantin Kronfeld (1878),
2543:area and pipes were made in
2073:Evangelical: 325,315 (95.9%)
739:German Revolution of 1918–19
4960:States of the German Empire
4242:States of the German Empire
2663:The new Electoral Act, in:
2567:. There were salt works in
2385:
2382:
2372:
2369:
2359:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2333:
2330:
2320:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2090:Evangelical: 85,319 (89.6%)
2015:and in 1871 joined the new
1844:War of the Fourth Coalition
1641:
1638:
1628:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1602:
1599:
1589:
1586:
1576:
1573:
1563:
1560:
1550:
1547:
1537:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1295:(Neustadt district, 1904).
1287:(Eisenach district, 1847),
1240:
1237:
1179:
1176:
1162:, Bösleben, Klein Kröbitz,
1085:
1082:
1043:477 m above
1032:814 m above
1021:861 m above
5031:
3031:Confederation of the Rhine
2706:, Albrecht, Weimar, 1852,
2440:(in the Weimar district),
2013:North German Confederation
2001:German revolutions of 1848
1848:Confederation of the Rhine
1805:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1733:by the same branch of the
1458:
1312:
1066:Area in square kilometers
745:. It was succeeded by the
379:North German Confederation
364:Confederation of the Rhine
4712:
4490:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4349:
4167:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4034:
3963:
3765:
3615:
3499:
3421:
3115:
2985:
2843:
2563:valley, around Vacha and
2136:and three members in the
2032:Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
1801:Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
1664:, (3052 v. 1422: +115%),
892:The northern part of the
887:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
598:
568:
547:• German Revolution
495:
481:
451:
343:
328:
298:
253:
248:
4297:Lauenburg and BĂĽtow Land
2731:Detlef Ignasiak (1996),
2680:Carl Ferdinand Weiland:
2452:Manufacturing Industries
2019:as a constituent state.
1790:Christoph Martin Wieland
1684:(2064 v. 1332: +55) and
932:mountains. The district
859:Province of Hesse-Nassau
145:This article includes a
2797:Encyclopædia Britannica
2408:north of Jena, between
2076:Catholic: 12,112 (3.6%)
2028:Caroline Reuss of Greiz
1925:Princely Abbey of Fulda
1828:Maria Pavlovna Romanova
1809:Johann Gottfried Herder
1803:. He employed the poet
1676:(2539 v. 1237: +105%),
1660:(3405 v. 1689: +102%),
751:Free State of Thuringia
695:Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
432:Constitutional monarchy
174:more precise citations.
4569:
4560:
4555:German colonial empire
4485:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4162:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2883:(1603–1672, 1826–1918)
2867:(1596–1633, 1681–1699)
2859:(1572–1596, 1633-1638)
2724:Topographie des Landes
2093:Catholic: 8,809 (9.3%)
1986:School of Applied Arts
1936:
1906:
1886:Principality of Erfurt
1863:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1688:(2008 v. 1294: +55%).
1672:(2948 v. 1480: +99%),
1668:(2978 v. 1701, +75%),
1277:
1053:
1037:) in the Rhön and the
883:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
833:
734:
694:
584:
239:
226:
219:Grand Duchy of Saxony
213:
69:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach"
4916:50.98333°N 11.16667°E
2976:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2777:Catholic Encyclopedia
2715:Geschichte des Landes
2593:Thuringian Toll Union
2036:Grand Duchy of Saxony
2026:, who was married to
1964:. Her art-loving son
1850:on 15 December 1806.
1832:Alexander I of Russia
1713:
1699:
819:extant branch of the
817:genealogically senior
735:GroĂźherzogtum Sachsen
727:Grand Duchy of Saxony
392:Federal State of the
377:Federal State of the
227:GroĂźherzogtum Sachsen
18:Grand Duchy of Saxony
5005:Former grand duchies
4665:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4660:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4532:Imperial Territories
4385:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4380:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4301:Starostwo of Draheim
4065:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4060:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3590:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3585:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3302:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3297:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2968:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2960:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2896:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2856:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
2507:Neustadt an der Orla
2482:employees. In 1889,
2295:Yield (metric tons)
2258:manufacturing sector
2158:'s 11th Army Corps.
2156:Imperial German Army
2079:Jewish: 1,290 (0.4%)
1997:German Confederation
1830:, sister of Emperor
1794:University of Erfurt
1717:Castle near Eisenach
1596:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1557:Neustadt an der Orla
1408:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1358:Neustadt an der Orla
1245:Neustadt an der Orla
1225:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1212:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1026:) near Ilmenau, the
713:, which had been in
687:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
373:German Confederation
54:improve this article
4912: /
4495:Waldeck and Pyrmont
4172:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3790:Waldeck and Pyrmont
2928:Saxe-Hildburghausen
2488:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung
2009:Austro-Prussian War
1908:Eisenacher Oberland
1763:Frederick the Great
1305:Jewish emancipation
4921:50.98333; 11.16667
4319:Schleswig-Holstein
2665:Berliner Tageblatt
2605:University of Jena
2179:Ernest Augustus II
2146:University of Jena
2134:Imperial Bundesrat
2096:Jewish: 979 (1.0%)
1982:Moritz von Schwind
1932:University of Jena
1859:Congress of Vienna
1842:in the Napoleonic
1813:Friedrich Schiller
1755:Ernest Augustus II
1729:had been ruled in
1719:
1708:
1235:District Neustadt
1174:District Eisenach
995:, flowing through
920:, followed by the
723:Congress of Vienna
528:September 20, 1809
417:Thuringian dialect
147:list of references
4970:Ernestine duchies
4895:
4894:
4845:
4844:
4581:
4580:
4208:
4207:
4152:
4144:
3974:
3973:
3928:
3927:
3854:
3841:
3754:
3753:
3698:Ernestine duchies
3444:
3443:
3417:
3416:
3201:
3200:
3113:
3112:
2996:
2995:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2836:Ernestine duchies
2694:978-3-86777-136-8
2645:Thuringian states
2640:Ernestine duchies
2609:Thuringian states
2557:Thuringian Forest
2404:. There was some
2390:
2389:
2226:Charles Alexander
2220:Charles Frederick
2173:Ernest Augustus I
2063:Thuringian states
2040:Kingdom of Saxony
1966:Charles Alexander
1944:Wartburg Festival
1882:Kingdom of Saxony
1824:Charles Frederick
1817:Weimar Classicism
1743:Ernest Augustus I
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1456:
1455:
1273:
1272:
1267:Teichwolframsdorf
918:Thuringian Forest
879:Reuss Junior Line
867:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
753:two years later.
703:Ernestine duchies
684:
683:
670:
669:
666:
665:
646:
645:
534:• Raised to
470:• 1901–1918
457:• 1809–1828
427:Absolute monarchy
352:Ernestine duchies
321:
304:Weimars Volkslied
243:
235:
230:
222:
217:
209:
200:
199:
192:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5022:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4797:
4756:
4718:
4702:
4694:
4685:Schaumburg-Lippe
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4574:
4565:
4480:Schaumburg-Lippe
4475:
4467:
4437:
4355:
4334:
4304:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4212:
4157:Schaumburg-Lippe
4150:
4142:
4040:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3978:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3865:
3864:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3818:Reuss-Lobenstein
3814:
3813:
3785:Schaumburg-Lippe
3763:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3653:Anhalt (Ascania)
3634:
3613:
3505:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3448:
3387:Schaumburg-Lippe
3212:
3131:
3121:
3048:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2759:. Archived from
2745:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2699:
2668:
2661:
2629:
2628:
2531:
2530:
2481:
2480:
2286:
2214:Charles Augustus
2201:Charles Augustus
2185:Charles Augustus
2125:Imperial Knights
2109:Diocese of Fulda
1995:A member of the
1941:
1938:Urburschenschaft
1918:
1916:
1875:
1873:
1865:Neustädter Kreis
1771:Charles Augustus
1747:Belvedere Palace
1745:, who built the
1739:Wilhelm Heinrich
1706:
1460:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1293:MĂĽnchenbernsdorf
1282:
1257:Weida, Thuringia
1080:District Weimar
1060:
1056:
1047:
1036:
1025:
1003:and the capital
969:in the exclaves
898:Thuringian Basin
875:Reuss Elder Line
836:
662:
661:
650:
649:
637:
636:
623:
622:
616:
615:
600:
599:
592:German gold mark
587:
411:Common languages
348:
333:
323:
322:
312:
286:
268:
261:
242:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
202:
195:
188:
184:
181:
175:
170:this article by
161:inline citations
140:
139:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5019:
4985:House of Wettin
4930:
4929:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4891:
4851:
4841:
4818:
4800:
4795:
4793:Weimar-Eisenach
4747:
4719:
4710:
4700:
4692:
4618:
4612:
4582:
4577:
4543:
4539:Alsace–Lorraine
4527:
4499:
4473:
4465:
4445:
4435:
4399:
4395:Weimar-Eisenach
4375:Hesse-Darmstadt
4356:
4347:
4299:and the former
4295:(including the
4294:
4265:
4245:
4239:
4209:
4204:
4176:
4122:
4079:
4075:Weimar-Eisenach
4055:Hesse-Darmstadt
4041:
4032:
4011:
4005:
3975:
3970:
3959:
3924:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3844:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3808:Reuss-Ebersdorf
3794:
3750:
3740:
3732:
3730:Gotha-Altenburg
3724:
3716:
3714:Coburg-Saalfeld
3708:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3647:
3632:
3604:
3600:Weimar-Eisenach
3575:Hesse-Darmstadt
3558:
3542:
3506:
3497:
3481:
3475:
3445:
3440:
3413:
3311:
3258:
3254:Weimar-Eisenach
3229:Gotha-Altenburg
3224:Coburg-Saalfeld
3207:
3197:
3171:
3145:
3122:
3109:
3093:
3072:
3040:
3034:
3027:
2997:
2992:
2983:
2839:
2833:
2784:
2767:
2755:
2752:
2743:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2707:
2702:Karl Helmrich:
2697:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2601:
2581:
2553:
2551:Mining industry
2528:
2526:
2478:
2476:
2463:In Ilmenau and
2454:
2396:valley, around
2246:
2241:
2210:
2197:
2169:
2164:
2117:
2059:
1962:Peter Cornelius
1942:and celebrated
1910:
1867:
1836:Napoleonic Wars
1735:House of Wettin
1721:The duchies of
1694:
1472:
1467:
1321:
1048:) near Weimar.
1042:
1031:
1020:
988:in the far east
829:
821:House of Wettin
659:
634:
620:
590:
580:
561:
548:
538:
525:
517:
513:
471:
458:
435:
430:
415:
394:Weimar Republic
391:
382:
376:
367:
354:
339:
324:
316:
313:
306:
294:
293:
292:
287:
279:
278:
276:
274:
272:
269:
262:
244:
236:
231:
223:
218:
210:
196:
185:
179:
176:
165:
151:related reading
141:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5028:
5026:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4932:
4931:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4566:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4451:Principalities
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4128:Principalities
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3856:
3848:
3835:
3825:
3815:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3759:Principalities
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:Hildburghausen
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3319:
3317:
3316:Principalities
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Hildburghausen
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3176:Principalities
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3128:
3127:States created
3124:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3029:States of the
3028:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2952:Saxe-Meiningen
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2920:Saxe-Eisenberg
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2880:Saxe-Altenburg
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2788:, ed. (1911).
2786:Chisholm, Hugh
2782:
2765:
2763:on 2012-06-30.
2751:
2750:External links
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2700:
2676:
2673:
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2655:
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2642:
2635:
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2600:
2597:
2580:
2577:
2552:
2549:
2453:
2450:
2420:Stock breeding
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2371:
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2362:
2361:
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2355:
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2329:
2323:
2322:
2319:
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2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2262:service sector
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:William Ernest
2229:
2223:
2217:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2182:
2176:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2116:
2113:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2058:
2055:
2024:William Ernest
1954:Maria Pavlovna
1731:personal union
1703:Schloss Weimar
1693:
1690:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:Stadtlengsfeld
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
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1552:
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1539:
1536:
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1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
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1500:
1497:
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1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1418:Stadtlengsfeld
1414:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1301:Stadtlengsfeld
1271:
1270:
1263:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1218:
1216:Kaltennordheim
1204:Stadtlengsfeld
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1157:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1045:sea level (NN)
1034:sea level (NN)
1023:sea level (NN)
1013:
1012:
989:
978:
963:
948:
871:Saxe-Meiningen
863:Saxe-Altenburg
828:
825:
790:Princely Count
715:personal union
682:
681:
676:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
656:
647:
644:
643:
638:
630:
629:
624:
612:
611:
606:
596:
595:
574:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
557:• Joined
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
539:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:
514:
511:personal union
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
487:
486:Historical era
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:William Ernest
472:
469:
466:
465:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
441:
440:
424:
420:
419:
412:
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
360:
356:
355:
349:
341:
340:
334:
326:
325:
314:
296:
295:
288:
281:
280:
270:
263:
256:
255:
254:
251:
250:
246:
245:
205:
198:
197:
155:external links
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5027:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4928:
4925:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4848:
4838:
4837:Sondershausen
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4466:(Junior Line)
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4362:Grand Duchies
4359:
4354:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4143:(Junior Line)
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4047:Grand Duchies
4044:
4039:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3920:Sondershausen
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3893:
3890:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3860:
3859:Reuss-Schleiz
3857:
3855:
3849:
3842:
3840:(Junior Line)
3836:
3829:
3826:
3819:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Liechtenstein
3773:
3771:
3770:Hesse-Homburg
3768:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:Grand duchies
3561:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:Sondershausen
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Lippe-Detmold
3348:
3346:
3345:Liechtenstein
3343:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:Other duchies
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3216:Saxon duchies
3213:
3210:
3204:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Aschaffenburg
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:Grand Duchies
3148:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:Grand Duchies
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3039:Rank elevated
3037:
3032:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2990:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2944:Saxe-Saalfeld
2942:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2904:Saxe-Marksuhl
2902:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2872:Saxe-Eisenach
2870:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2742:3-931505-20-0
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:Carl Zeiss AG
2489:
2485:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:and later to
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2017:German Empire
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:the romantic
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:Maria Theresa
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:Saxe-Eisenach
1724:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:and Tannroda
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
987:
983:
979:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
953:
950:the Werra in
949:
946:
942:
941:
940:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
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835:
826:
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813:
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803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
743:German Empire
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:Saxe-Eisenach
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
680:
677:
675:Today part of
673:
657:
655:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:Saxe-Eisenach
639:
632:
631:
628:
625:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
585:Vereinsthaler
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
550:
540:
537:
527:
515:
512:
508:
504:
503:Saxe-Eisenach
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:
463:
460:
446:
438:
433:
428:
425:
421:
418:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
395:
389:
388:German Empire
385:
384:Federal State
380:
374:
370:
365:
362:State of the
361:
357:
353:
347:
342:
338:
337:German Empire
332:
327:
310:
305:
301:
297:
291:
285:
267:
260:
252:
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241:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4897:
4850:Unrecognized
4796:(until 1920)
4792:
4701:(until 1929)
4571:Mitteleuropa
4562:Mittelafrika
4474:(Elder Line)
4472:Reuss-Greiz
4436:(until 1876)
4428:Coburg-Gotha
4394:
4331:West Prussia
4288:Hohenzollern
4284:Hesse-Nassau
4276:East Prussia
4151:(Elder Line)
4149:Reuss-Greiz
4108:Coburg-Gotha
4074:
3896:(until 1850)
3886:(until 1850)
3874:Hohenzollern
3863:(until 1848)
3853:(Elder Line)
3851:Reuss-Greiz
3822:(until 1824)
3812:(until 1824)
3741:(until 1826)
3733:(until 1826)
3722:Coburg-Gotha
3717:(until 1826)
3688:(until 1847)
3680:(until 1863)
3672:(until 1863)
3599:
3554:Hesse-Kassel
3323:Hohenzollern
3206:Pre-existing
2967:
2936:Saxe-Römhild
2795:
2775:
2761:the original
2732:
2723:
2714:
2703:
2681:
2664:
2659:
2602:
2590:
2582:
2554:
2534:
2500:
2486:founded the
2462:
2455:
2424:
2418:
2391:
2282:
2266:
2247:
2153:
2150:
2142:
2118:
2102:
2085:
2060:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2021:
1994:
1952:
1929:
1921:Hesse-Kassel
1852:
1821:
1798:
1779:
1720:
1651:
1297:
1274:
1269:and Förthen
1261:Berga/Elster
1050:
1014:
982:White Elster
977:in the north
938:
924:valley, the
891:
855:Hesse-Kassel
830:
823:since 1672.
814:
755:
746:
726:
686:
685:
609:Succeeded by
608:
603:
577:Saxon thaler
299:
290:Coat of arms
275:Bottom: Flag
186:
180:October 2022
177:
166:Please help
158:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4919: /
4887:WĂĽrzburg SR
4862:Bavarian SR
4824:Schwarzburg
4725:City-states
4706:WĂĽrttemberg
4693:(from 1920)
4617:(1919–1933)
4505:City-states
4464:Reuss-Gera
4343:WĂĽrttemberg
4272:Brandenburg
4264:as a whole
4244:(1871–1918)
4182:City-states
4141:Reuss-Gera
4010:(1866–1871)
3933:Free cities
3907:Schwarzburg
3892:Sigmaringen
3845:(from 1848)
3838:Reuss-Gera
3832:(1824-1848)
3725:(from 1826)
3709:(from 1826)
3664:(from 1863)
3633:(from 1839)
3547:Electorates
3538:WĂĽrttemberg
3480:(1815–1866)
3392:Schwarzburg
3333:Sigmaringen
3068:WĂĽrttemberg
3033:(1806–1813)
2979:(1826–1918)
2971:(1806–1918)
2963:(1735–1826)
2955:(1681–1918)
2947:(1680–1735)
2939:(1680–1710)
2931:(1680–1826)
2923:(1680–1707)
2915:(1672–1690)
2907:(1662–1672)
2899:(1681–1826)
2891:(1640–1680)
2864:Saxe-Coburg
2851:(1572–1806)
2848:Saxe-Weimar
2708:(in German)
2698:(in German)
2621:Realschules
2565:Berka/Werra
2523:Blankenhain
2406:viticulture
2278:Goldene Aue
2250:agriculture
2244:Agriculture
2234:, 1901–1918
2228:, 1853–1901
2222:, 1828–1853
2216:, 1815–1828
2181:, 1748–1758
1978:historicism
1958:Franz Liszt
1911: [
1898:Kranichfeld
1894:Blankenhain
1868: [
1775:Constantine
1759:Anna Amalia
1723:Saxe-Weimar
1658:Blankenhain
1468:1 Dec 1910
1322:1 Dec 1840
1285:Berka/Werra
1192:Berka/Werra
1154:Kranichfeld
1146:Blankenhain
1118:Buttelstedt
962:in the west
802:Blankenhayn
719:grand duchy
707:Saxe-Weimar
627:Saxe-Weimar
604:Preceded by
594:(1873–1918)
589:(1857–1873)
536:grand duchy
507:Saxe-Weimar
490:Middle Ages
462:Karl August
439:(1918–1920)
434:(1816–1918)
429:(1809–1816)
396:(1918–1920)
390:(1871–1918)
381:(1867–1871)
375:(1815–1866)
366:(1809–1813)
307: [
277:(1897–1920)
273:(1813–1897)
234:(1918–1920)
221:(1903–1918)
208:(1809–1903)
172:introducing
4934:Categories
4872:Bottleneck
4853:separatist
4832:Rudolstadt
4788:Saxe-Gotha
4752:Until 1920
4327:Westphalia
3915:Rudolstadt
3580:Luxembourg
3437:until 1811
3431:until 1809
3428:until 1810
3397:Rudolstadt
3370:Lobenstein
3193:Regensburg
3141:Westphalia
2888:Saxe-Gotha
2675:References
2617:Gymnasiums
2586:Reichsmark
2541:Kuppenrhön
2484:Ernst Abbe
2473:Carl Zeiss
2430:Eichenzell
2292:Area (km)
2274:Oldisleben
1904:area, the
1753:. His son
1682:Oldisleben
1473:from 1840
1466:Population
1320:Population
1168:Oldisleben
1132:, Lobeda,
1110:Rastenberg
1069:Residents
1039:Ettersberg
1028:Ellenbogen
1017:Kickelhahn
975:Oldisleben
810:Tautenburg
758:Grand Duke
444:Grand Duke
423:Government
80:newspapers
4907:11°10′0″E
4904:50°59′0″N
4867:Bremen SR
4855:movements
4783:Meiningen
4768:Altenburg
4690:Thuringia
4670:Oldenburg
4645:Brunswick
4441:Meiningen
4433:Lauenburg
4423:Altenburg
4418:Brunswick
4390:Oldenburg
4311:Rhineland
4292:Pomerania
4118:Meiningen
4113:Lauenburg
4103:Altenburg
4098:Brunswick
4070:Oldenburg
3967:partially
3945:Frankfurt
3882:Hechingen
3746:Meiningen
3706:Altenburg
3643:Lauenburg
3620:Brunswick
3595:Oldenburg
3434:from 1809
3425:from 1810
3360:Ebersdorf
3328:Hechingen
3307:Oldenburg
3239:Meiningen
3162:Frankfurt
2912:Saxe-Jena
2599:Education
2573:Bad Sulza
2569:Creuzburg
2496:Schott AG
2434:Gabelbach
2138:Reichstag
2051:Thuringia
1992:in 1919.
1900:. In the
1678:Bad Berka
1674:Tiefenort
1662:Bad Sulza
1622:Creuzburg
1616:0 %
1583:Buttstädt
1448:Creuzburg
1438:Buttstädt
1265:RuĂźdorf,
1188:Creuzburg
1142:Bad Berka
1134:Bad Sulza
1114:Buttstädt
1075:exclaves
1063:District
926:Kupenrhön
827:Geography
794:Henneberg
778:Thuringia
774:Landgrave
654:Thuringia
579:(to 1857)
559:Thuringia
271:Top: Flag
249:1809–1920
5000:Eisenach
4250:Kingdoms
4016:Kingdoms
3669:Bernburg
3625:Holstein
3511:Kingdoms
3340:Isenburg
3292:Arenberg
3275:Bernburg
3249:Eisenach
3167:WĂĽrzburg
3134:Kingdoms
3051:Kingdoms
3043:Napoleon
2634:See also
2532:people.
2511:Eisenach
2410:Dornburg
2386:152,400
2373:192,717
2360:232,200
2353:Potatoes
2270:Allstedt
2254:forestry
2067:Lutheran
2057:Religion
1974:Wartburg
1948:Wartburg
1878:Neustadt
1855:Eisenach
1826:married
1715:Wartburg
1570:Allstedt
1492:Eisenach
1398:Allstedt
1338:Eisenach
1229:Zillbach
1184:Eisenach
1177:1214.03
1164:Allstedt
1126:Dornburg
1106:Allstedt
1086:191,975
1083:1752.59
971:Allstedt
934:Neustadt
906:Eisenach
839:exclaves
806:Neustadt
782:Margrave
770:Eisenach
573:Currency
509:held in
437:Republic
110:May 2007
4882:Rhenish
4877:Bavaria
4738:Hamburg
4698:Waldeck
4675:Prussia
4640:Bavaria
4518:Hamburg
4405:Duchies
4323:Silesia
4280:Hanover
4262:Prussia
4257:Bavaria
4195:Hamburg
4085:Duchies
4023:Prussia
3950:Hamburg
3630:Limburg
3609:Duchies
3533:Hanover
3523:Bavaria
3518:Prussia
3493:Austria
3486:Empires
3409:Waldeck
3375:Schleiz
3098:Duchies
3058:Bavaria
2458:Ilmenau
2414:Camburg
2347:39,600
2334:41,900
2321:33,300
2308:27,100
2276:in the
2239:Economy
2121:Landtag
2005:Austria
1990:Bauhaus
1946:at the
1840:Prussia
1782:regency
1767:Prussia
1692:History
1670:Triptis
1551:+ 141%
1538:+ 348%
1535:12,202
1531:Ilmenau
1525:+ 448%
1522:22,610
1512:+ 202%
1509:34,582
1499:+ 309%
1496:38,362
1486:+ 547%
1483:38,487
1388:Ilmenau
1332:11,444
1279:Bezirke
1249:Triptis
1241:52,016
1238:628.71
1221:Seebach
1180:95,226
1160:Ilmenau
1138:Magdala
1122:Neumark
1102:Ilmenau
1072:Cities
997:Ilmenau
967:Unstrut
910:Hainich
851:Bavaria
843:Prussia
786:Meissen
679:Germany
501:•
464:(first)
401:Capital
386:of the
371:of the
300:Anthem:
168:improve
94:scholar
4995:Weimar
4773:Coburg
4760:Ernest
4743:LĂĽbeck
4733:Bremen
4680:Saxony
4630:Anhalt
4623:States
4523:LĂĽbeck
4513:Bremen
4413:Anhalt
4338:Saxony
4315:Saxony
4268:Berlin
4200:LĂĽbeck
4190:Bremen
4093:Anhalt
4028:Saxony
3955:LĂĽbeck
3940:Bremen
3685:Köthen
3677:Dessau
3661:Anhalt
3638:Nassau
3528:Saxony
3285:Köthen
3280:Dessau
3270:Anhalt
3244:Weimar
3208:states
3105:Nassau
3063:Saxony
2739:
2692:
2503:Apolda
2469:Schott
2446:spruce
2402:BĂĽrgel
2379:Fodder
2327:Barley
2280:area.
2129:Thaler
2065:, the
1970:Sophie
1751:Weimar
1642:– 29%
1639:1,593
1626:2,062
1613:2,240
1600:2,277
1590:+ 32%
1587:2,843
1577:+ 34%
1574:3,353
1564:+ 71%
1561:7,095
1548:9,036
1518:Apolda
1505:Weimar
1471:Change
1452:2,103
1442:2,164
1432:2,239
1422:2,239
1412:2,497
1402:2,507
1392:2,721
1382:3,756
1372:4,128
1368:Apolda
1362:4,154
1352:5,949
1342:9,377
1328:Weimar
1130:BĂĽrgel
1094:Apolda
1090:Weimar
1054:Kreise
1009:Goethe
1005:Weimar
1001:Apolda
960:Ulster
914:Hörsel
894:Weimar
847:Saxony
766:Weimar
731:German
691:German
582:Saxon
516:
477:(last)
447:
414:German
405:Weimar
359:Status
302:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4814:Reuss
4806:Reuss
4778:Gotha
4655:Lippe
4650:Hesse
4635:Baden
4548:Other
4459:Lippe
4370:Baden
4307:Posen
4136:Lippe
3800:Reuss
3780:Lippe
3570:Baden
3365:Greiz
3355:Reuss
3188:Leyen
3089:Hesse
3084:Baden
2651:Notes
2579:Trade
2561:Werra
2545:Geisa
2536:Ruhla
2519:Remda
2515:Weida
2438:beech
2394:Saale
2301:Wheat
2289:Crop
2105:Geisa
1915:]
1890:Mainz
1872:]
1686:Mihla
1654:Ruhla
1629:– 2%
1609:Vacha
1603:– 9%
1544:Weida
1463:City
1428:Vacha
1378:Weida
1317:City
1289:Ruhla
1208:Geisa
1200:Vacha
1196:Ruhla
1150:Remda
986:Berga
956:Felda
952:Vacha
945:Saale
922:Werra
902:Saale
834:Kreis
699:duchy
369:State
311:]
153:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3382:Salm
3157:Berg
2737:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2571:and
2521:and
2494:and
2465:Jena
2442:pine
2426:Game
2412:and
2400:and
2398:Jena
2370:574
2357:225
2344:334
2340:Oats
2331:276
2318:295
2305:216
2272:and
2252:and
1960:and
1902:Rhön
1896:and
1811:and
1725:and
1666:Auma
1479:Jena
1348:Jena
1259:and
1253:Auma
1227:and
1214:and
1166:and
1098:Jena
991:the
980:the
973:and
965:the
958:and
943:the
930:Rhön
885:and
808:and
798:Lord
762:Saxe
709:and
564:1920
551:1918
541:1815
518:1741
505:and
73:news
3041:by
2627:000
2625:200
2529:000
2479:000
2383:92
2366:Hay
2314:Rye
1765:of
1749:in
1057:):
993:Ilm
984:in
889:).
800:of
792:of
784:of
776:in
760:of
705:of
56:by
4936::
4329:,
4325:,
4321:,
4317:,
4313:,
4309:,
4305:,
4290:,
4286:,
4282:,
4278:,
4274:,
4270:,
2794:.
2774:.
2696:,
2684:,
2588:.
2575:.
2517:,
2513:,
2498:.
2477:10
2416:.
2264:.
2140:.
2111:.
2042:.
1913:de
1870:de
1796:.
1777:.
1255:,
1251:,
1247:,
1223:,
1210:,
1206:,
1202:,
1198:,
1194:,
1190:,
1186:,
1152:,
1148:,
1144:,
1140:,
1136:,
1128:,
1124:,
1120:,
1116:,
1112:,
1108:,
1104:,
1100:,
1096:,
1092:,
999:,
881:,
877:,
873:,
869:,
865:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
812:.
804:,
796:,
788:,
780:,
772:,
733::
693::
309:de
157:,
149:,
4607:e
4600:t
4593:v
4333:)
4303:)
4266:(
4234:e
4227:t
4220:v
4000:e
3993:t
3986:v
3470:e
3463:t
3456:v
3022:e
3015:t
3008:v
2828:e
2821:t
2814:v
2527:7
1876:(
1041:(
1030:(
1019:(
768:-
764:-
729:(
689:(
193:)
187:(
182:)
178:(
164:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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