38:
465:
75:
145:
879:
87:
47:
194:. As of June 2024, the current GTB Tribal Council consists of: Chairperson Sandra Witherspoon, Vice-Chair Jane Rohl, Treasurer Tina A. Frankenberger, Secretary Anna Miller, Councilor Brian S. Napont, Councilor Angelina M. Raphael, and Councilor Donna M. Swallows. The tribe owns and operates the Leelanau Sands Casino, the
318:. Today they have federally recognized reservations of communal land only in Canada, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. During the 19th century, they were forced to cede most of their land to the governments of Canada and the United States under pressure from European-American and Canadian settlement.
424:
The tribe's government includes an elected governing body consisting of a tribal chair and six tribal council members; they are elected by the enrolled members of the Grand
Traverse Band. Unfortunately, the Grand Traverse Band has disenfranchised the majority of their members. Nearly all other tribes
420:
Members are descended from the nine historic bands of Ottawa (Odawa) and bands of
Chippewa (known as Ojibwe in Canada) peoples who occupied this territory in northern Michigan and signed treaties with the federal government. They were successors to the 19 bands that have been documented in this
610:
people related to their land, to their people, and various other means of communicating their values, outlooks and histories in and around
Northern Michigan. These stories have been translated into a book "Ottawa Stories from the Springs, Anishinaabe dibaadjimowinan wodi gaa binjibaamigak wodi
281:
led an effort for recognition and on May 27, 1980, the tribe was formally recognized. The Grand
Traverse Band is the first federally recognized tribe of Odawa in Michigan. They were one of the first tribes in the United States to own a casino, under new gaming laws passed in the 1980s.
455:
The Grand
Traverse Band's Natural Resources Department is made up of a department manager, game wardens, Great Lakes fishery biologists and technician, fish and wildlife biologists and technician, environmental and water quality staff, and an office manager.
586:, was opened in 2009 by the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians to serve as a heritage and cultural center. The museum includes a gift shop with works of tribal artists and craftspeople, as well as educational materials, maps and books.
330:
or "Odawu," is believed to derive from an
Algonquian word for the term "trader." It was incorrectly recorded as meaning "people of the bulrush," for which there is a specific Odawa term referring to a particular band.
932:
574:
counties. The Band's federal land base is approximately 1,100 acres (4.5 km) dispersed throughout the service area, and it has a total of 3,985 members. Some 1,610 reside in the tribal areas.
867:
1361:
1351:
797:
511:
on 27 May 1980, and includes lands acquired by the Band. The Grand
Traverse Band's Treaty Ceded Territories from the 1836 Treaty covers an area in a line from the Grand River to the
1226:
479:
1391:
1163:
1331:
889:
860:
917:
842:, Mainly Michigan, includes Durant Rolls of 1908, which some tribes use in figuring descent for citizenship, and Mt. Pleasant Indian School Register (1893 to 1932)
1003:
1287:
962:
37:
1376:
853:
845:
927:
214:
652:
1277:
562:. The total land area of the reservation and off-reservation trust land is 2.539 km² (0.9804 sq mi, or 627.46 acres (2.5392 km). Its total
1356:
425:
in
Michigan allow all their members to vote in elections. The band has programming, fiscal and administrative authority. The council also appoints
508:
695:
373:, were located on the Grand, Thornapple, Flat, White, Père Marquette, and Big and Little Manistee rivers in Michigan's western Lower Peninsula.
937:
567:
168:
1346:
1188:
444:, and their watersheds. Other natural resources of importance include undeveloped forested parcels and areas of traditional and cultural
1158:
922:
370:
210:
1371:
942:
342:, related to the total of 19 bands listed as Grand River Band Ottawa. After the 1855 Treaty, all of the Ottawa Bands located from the
570:. The present-day main Reservation and six-county service area consists of Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Grand Traverse, Leelanau, and
519:
east. The majority (almost 55 percent) of the reservation's territory lies within several non-contiguous sections of land in eastern
1267:
996:
1341:
1336:
1292:
1168:
952:
551:
334:
Historically, the members of this tribe are descendants of and political successors to nine Ottawa bands who were party to the
947:
632:
520:
17:
377:
195:
989:
912:
907:
1386:
1366:
559:
531:
199:
717:
464:
184:
897:
563:
555:
401:
165:
1282:
1103:
599:
595:
571:
539:
524:
409:
274:
1272:
598:
devoted approximately two years of study in the Grand
Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians community.
294:-speaking peoples who gradually migrated from the Atlantic coast, settling around the Great Lakes throughout
1302:
1031:
583:
547:
543:
535:
359:
191:
392:(also "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippeway", "Anishinaabe") are the largest Native American people north of the
278:
594:
There has been one major anthropological study of the Grand
Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians.
355:
347:
230:
408:, which originally occupied land on both sides of what became the US-Canada border. After passage of the
380:
was signed in 1855 and created an Ottawa/Chippewa nation for the purposes of settling on a reservation.
180:
692:
1196:
1148:
761:
653:
Craig Manning "Witherspoon Wins Tribal Chairman Seat; Other Grand Traverse Band Election Results" in
291:
339:
335:
1216:
626:
441:
144:
1173:
433:
176:
136:
800:
The Eagle Returns: The Legal History of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
369:
of the Grand River bands of Ottawa, including those nine Bands whose descendants compose the
1234:
512:
429:
officers who decide criminal, family and civil matters in conjunction with the state court.
183:
is the current tribal chairperson, elected in May 2024 to a four-year term after succeeding
116:
1206:
699:
277:, they applied for federal recognition in 1934 and 1943 and were denied. However, in 1978
157:
112:
109:
105:
530:
There are also five smaller parcels of land in four other counties: one plot in southern
148:
Dennis Esquivel, painter and fine woodworker, enrolled member of the Grand Traverse Band
1381:
1211:
1118:
1113:
1083:
516:
343:
242:
1325:
620:
437:
351:
80:
412:
of 1934, the Bay Mills Indian Community organized to recreate a form of government.
1201:
1098:
1093:
1068:
206:
819:
233:, the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians includes members of the
1244:
1123:
1078:
1012:
668:
607:
603:
472:
The territory of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is the
46:
1073:
1063:
393:
262:
132:
494:
481:
1259:
1239:
1153:
1143:
1128:
1088:
839:
566:
resident population was 545 persons, 80 percent of whom identified as fully
315:
311:
1041:
878:
834:
739:
426:
307:
172:
92:
396:. Their population is split between Canada (where they are known as the
1178:
1133:
1108:
1053:
1015:
449:
445:
366:
303:
981:
1310:
1249:
1138:
1058:
1023:
829:
824:
405:
397:
295:
250:
128:
785:
Grand Traverse Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Michigan
515:
area north and the eastern portion of the upper peninsula from the
463:
1045:
299:
985:
849:
718:"Eyaawing Museum & Cultural Center Opening, Peshawbestown"
51:
Seal of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
468:
Location of the Grand Traverse Indian Reservation in Michigan
432:
The water resources within the 1855 reservation area include
814:
404:
is located at the land base of the Sault Ste. Marie band of
18:
Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan
265:) peoples. They were historically part of the confederacy.
784:
693:"Company Report: Grand Traverse Resort & Casinos"
742:. Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
582:
The Eyaawing Museum and Cultural Center, located in
298:, and the Midwest of what became the United States:
1301:
1258:
1225:
1187:
1040:
1022:
961:
888:
122:
99:
66:
56:
1362:Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
673:Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
611:mookodjiwong e zhinikaadek" by Howard Webkamigad.
205:It is one of three federally recognized tribes of
154:Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
31:Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
1352:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
187:, who served a single term from 2020 to 2024.
997:
861:
8:
1288:Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School
290:Ottawa, Chippewa and Potawatomi Indians are
30:
1392:Anishinaabe tribal political organizations
1004:
990:
982:
868:
854:
846:
215:Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians
45:
36:
29:
354:, were relocated to reservation lands in
1332:American Indian reservations in Michigan
840:"Native Americans In Michigan Databases"
815:Grand Traverse Band Official tribal site
143:
820:Constitution of the Grand Traverse Band
645:
509:United States Secretary of the Interior
162:Gichi-wiikwedong Odaawaag miina ojibweg
830:Grand Traverse Resort official website
623:, White Panther activist, storyteller
378:Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of Detroit
7:
67:Regions with significant populations
1159:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
371:Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
350:, near or on the eastern shores of
211:Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
1377:Native American tribes in Michigan
883:Native American tribes in Michigan
706:1 Feb 2010 (retrieved 31 Aug 2010)
326:The name Ottawa, or alternatively
25:
1268:Anishinabek Educational Institute
804:, Michigan State University, 2012
762:"Ottawa Stories from the Springs"
474:Grand Traverse Indian Reservation
436:, the eastern shore of Michigan,
877:
209:in Michigan. The others are the
85:
73:
1357:Grand Traverse County, Michigan
629:, Geologist, Paleoclimatologist
554:; and one plot in southwestern
200:Grand Traverse Resort & Spa
1:
1119:Mishi-ginebig ("great snake")
400:) and the United States. The
196:Turtle Creek Casino and Hotel
1278:Canadian residential schools
1347:Charlevoix County, Michigan
787:United States Census Bureau
716:Jeff Smith (May 28, 2009).
225:Referring to themselves as
217:, both recognized in 1994.
171:tribe located in northwest
1408:
600:Jane Willetts Ettawageshik
596:Jane Willetts Ettawageshik
402:Bay Mills Indian Community
190:The tribal offices are in
1372:Leelanau County, Michigan
1283:Hannahville Indian School
766:Michigan State University
606:stories speak of how the
525:Leelanau County, Michigan
410:Indian Reorganization Act
275:Indian Reorganization Act
127:
104:
71:
61:
44:
35:
1293:U.S. residential schools
1273:Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School
933:Match-e-be-nash-she-wish
669:"Tribal Council Members"
538:; two plots in southern
1342:Benzie County, Michigan
1337:Antrim County, Michigan
798:Matthew L.M. Fletcher,
584:Peshawbestown, Michigan
231:Three Fires Confederacy
192:Peshawbestown, Michigan
1089:Grand Medicine Society
615:Notable tribal members
546:; one plot in eastern
469:
161:
149:
62:3,985 enrolled members
590:Anthropological study
552:Grand Traverse County
507:), as established by
495:45.02028°N 85.60611°W
467:
452:and plant gathering.
279:Dodie Harris Chambers
147:
123:Related ethnic groups
1149:Seven fires prophecy
890:Federally recognized
521:Suttons Bay Township
166:federally recognized
1169:Traditional beliefs
825:Turtle Creek Casino
627:Kathleen R. Johnson
500:45.02028; -85.60611
491: /
269:Federal recognition
32:
1387:Ojibwe governments
1367:Great Lakes tribes
1202:Birch bark scrolls
1174:Underwater panther
938:Nottawaseppi Huron
698:2010-08-02 at the
470:
434:Grand Traverse Bay
181:Sandra Witherspoon
177:Leelanau Peninsula
150:
137:Algonquian peoples
1319:
1318:
979:
978:
740:"Eyaawing Museum"
691:Gerth, Ulrika G.
635:, tribal chairman
560:Charlevoix County
532:Benzonia Township
142:
141:
16:(Redirected from
1399:
1235:Birchbark biting
1046:myth and stories
1006:
999:
992:
983:
963:State recognized
948:Saginaw Chippewa
918:Lac Vieux Desert
882:
881:
870:
863:
856:
847:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:. 13 August 2019
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
736:
730:
729:
727:
725:
713:
707:
689:
683:
682:
680:
679:
665:
659:
650:
556:Eveline Township
506:
505:
503:
502:
501:
496:
492:
489:
488:
487:
484:
336:treaties of 1836
91:
89:
88:
79:
77:
76:
57:Total population
49:
40:
33:
21:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1297:
1254:
1221:
1183:
1036:
1018:
1010:
980:
975:
957:
928:Little Traverse
884:
876:
874:
835:Eyaawing Museum
811:
794:
792:Further reading
781:
780:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
738:
737:
733:
723:
721:
715:
714:
710:
704:Retail Digital,
700:Wayback Machine
690:
686:
677:
675:
667:
666:
662:
655:Leelanau Ticker
651:
647:
642:
617:
592:
580:
578:Eyaawing Museum
568:Native American
540:Helena Township
499:
497:
493:
490:
485:
482:
480:
478:
477:
462:
418:
386:
324:
288:
271:
253:/Chippewa) and
223:
169:Native American
86:
84:
74:
72:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1212:Ottawa dialect
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1114:Medicine wheel
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:Gitche Manitou
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
977:
976:
974:
973:
967:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
903:Grand Traverse
900:
894:
892:
886:
885:
875:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
844:
843:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
810:
809:External links
807:
806:
805:
802:Kindle Edition
793:
790:
789:
788:
779:
778:
753:
731:
708:
684:
660:
644:
643:
641:
638:
637:
636:
630:
624:
616:
613:
591:
588:
579:
576:
517:Chocolay River
461:
458:
417:
414:
385:
384:Chippewa Tribe
382:
365:The permanent
344:Manistee River
323:
320:
287:
284:
270:
267:
222:
219:
140:
139:
125:
124:
120:
119:
102:
101:
97:
96:
69:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:Turtle Island
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Little people
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
987:
984:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
891:
887:
880:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
851:
848:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
803:
801:
796:
795:
791:
786:
783:
782:
767:
763:
757:
754:
741:
735:
732:
719:
712:
709:
705:
701:
697:
694:
688:
685:
674:
670:
664:
661:
658:
656:
649:
646:
639:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
621:Pun Plamondon
619:
618:
614:
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
577:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Acme Township
545:
544:Antrim County
541:
537:
536:Benzie County
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
504:
475:
466:
459:
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:Lake Leelanau
435:
430:
428:
422:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
374:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
352:Lake Michigan
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
285:
283:
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:Odawa peoples
203:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
146:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
98:
94:
82:
81:United States
70:
65:
60:
55:
48:
43:
39:
34:
19:
1099:Jingle dress
1094:Jiibayaabooz
1069:Dreamcatcher
970:
923:Little River
902:
799:
770:. Retrieved
765:
756:
744:. Retrieved
734:
722:. Retrieved
711:
703:
687:
676:. Retrieved
672:
663:
654:
648:
633:Derek Bailey
593:
581:
529:
473:
471:
454:
431:
423:
419:
389:
387:
375:
364:
333:
327:
325:
322:Ottawa Tribe
306:, Michigan,
289:
272:
258:
255:Boodewaadami
254:
246:
238:
234:
227:Anishinaabeg
226:
224:
204:
189:
185:David Arroyo
153:
151:
27:Ethnic group
1245:Ribbon work
1124:Mudjekeewis
1079:Elbow witch
1032:Clan system
1013:Anishinaabe
908:Hannahville
746:27 November
724:27 November
657:May 8, 2024
608:Anishinaabe
604:Anishinaabe
564:2000 census
498: /
460:Reservation
421:territory.
348:Grand River
1326:Categories
1217:Potawatomi
1197:Algonquian
1074:Drumkeeper
1064:Deer Woman
772:2022-04-10
720:. My North
678:2024-08-15
640:References
486:85°36′22″W
483:45°01′13″N
394:Rio Grande
362:counties.
292:Algonquian
273:Under the
263:Potawatomi
198:, and the
135:and other
133:Potawatomi
1260:Education
1240:Quillwork
1189:Languages
1154:Shingebis
1144:Pukwudgie
1129:Nanabozho
898:Bay Mills
602:recorded
346:south to
316:Minnesota
312:Wisconsin
259:Bodéwadmi
100:Languages
1042:Religion
696:Archived
572:Manistee
442:Elk Lake
427:judicial
406:Chippewa
390:Chippewa
367:villages
308:Illinois
213:and the
173:Michigan
93:Michigan
1303:Housing
1179:Wendigo
1134:Nokomis
1109:Manitou
1054:Aayaase
1016:culture
943:Pokagon
450:fishing
446:hunting
328:"Odawa"
304:Indiana
286:History
245:), the
235:Odaawaa
175:on the
164:) is a
117:English
113:dialect
1311:Wigwam
1250:Wampum
1207:Ojibwe
1139:Powwow
1059:Baykok
1024:Family
913:L'Anse
513:Alpena
398:Ojibwe
360:Oceana
314:, and
296:Canada
251:Ojibwa
247:Ojibwe
243:Ottawa
158:Ojibwe
129:Ojibwe
110:Ottawa
106:Ojibwe
90:
78:
1382:Odawa
953:Sault
416:Today
356:Mason
239:Odawa
221:Names
971:None
748:2015
726:2015
388:The
376:The
358:and
340:1855
338:and
300:Ohio
152:The
1227:Art
523:in
229:or
115:),
1328::
1044:,
764:.
702:,
671:.
558:,
550:,
542:,
534:,
527:.
448:,
440:,
310:,
302:,
202:.
179:.
160::
131:,
1005:e
998:t
991:v
869:e
862:t
855:v
775:.
750:.
728:.
681:.
476:(
261:(
257:/
249:(
241:(
237:/
156:(
108:(
95:)
83:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
