397:
52:
385:
178:
because of the violence associated with voting throughout
Central America. Most Honduran women in the 1920s and 1930s, were not supporters of women's enfranchisement as it did not have a historic basis in the Honduran culture, where social and economic subordination were seen more as a class
191:, concluded after an investigation, that there was no communist activity in the country and did not classify Bográn, stating "any person who agitates for improved labor conditions is often classified as a communist". That same year, she and Rodolfo Pastor Zelaya, a founder of the
213:, in 1957, Bográn was appointed to his cabinet, as undersecretary of Education. In 1959, she was appointed to serve as the federal Secretary of Public Education. Bográn had continued her work as an educator throughout her life and in 1963, for her service as director of the
240:, Honduras. She is remembered as one of the leading women's rights activists and suffragists of her era. Since 1998, the House of Culture in San Nicolás, has borne her name, as do several educational facilities. There is a government preschool,
182:
In 1944, Bográn was accused of being a communist by the
Honduran government. Because she was working as a labor organizer in the northern part of the country, she was suspected of teaching communist doctrine as an agent for
1468:
147:(born 1907). Her family descended from Romain Beuagrand (Román Bográn), a French colonel from Brittany, who arrived in Honduras in the early 19th century, and through him was related to both presidents
1593:
158:
After completing her primary education, Bográn graduated from the
Escuela Normal de Señoritas (Ladies Normal School) in 1914 and began working as a teacher. In 1916, she married the poet,
850:
179:
struggle, or simply accepted. This changed in the 1940s, when Bográn and other feminists saw the advantages to voting as a means to bring more democratic governance to the country.
1173:
162:
and subsequently had three children: Graciela, Rubén and
Roberto. When they divorced, she married again with a North American businessman, Alvin M. Barret (also Barrett).
1514:
1414:
209:
The right to vote in
Honduras was secured for literate women in 1955 and women were able to vote the following year for the first time. Upon the election of President
1016:
1476:
1603:
864:
1438:
1209:
266:
Bográn, Graciela (November 1933). "¿Debe o no concederse el sufragio a la mujer hondureña?" [Should the Vote Be
Granted or Not to Honduran Woman?].
192:
120:. After women won the right to vote, she was appointed to serve on the cabinet in the Department of Public Education. She was elected as a member of the
1059:
1348:
143:, Honduras to Petrona Rodríguez and Marco Antonio Bográn. The eldest of three siblings, she had a sister, Petrona "Elvira" (born 1904) and a brother,
112:(19 October 1896 – 2000) was a Honduran teacher, writer and women's rights activist, she was the daughter of Chelsea Bogran. Engaged in the fight for
924:
878:
1391:
1294:
1250:
1162:
1116:
961:
904:
872:
116:, she was involved in both the trade union movement and political protests. She was also well-known as the editor of the feminist journal
1613:
1137:
839:
1379:
972:
1189:
174:, which became an influential feminist-political and cultural journal throughout Central America. At the time, she was opposed to
914:
Cortés, Hector Ramón (May 2013). "La familia Bográn, su origen en Yuscarán" [The Bográn family, its origin in Yuscarán].
140:
76:
1524:
1422:
1550:
Retazo de la historia cultural de San Pedro Sula: diccionario periodístico, diccionario de autores, cronología de la imprenta
1093:
1050:
849:
Castillo
Canelas, Patricia (2019). "Las revistas como medio de divulgación cultural ". In Hernández Cañadas, Patricia (ed.).
325:
1324:
1024:
1608:
223:
126:
1176:[Presentation: Index of Cultural, Historical and Academic Journals in Central America (19th and 21st Centuries)]
1598:
1492:
218:
121:
1452:
1359:(in Spanish). Vol. LXXXV, no. 16, 974. Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 11 January 1960. p. 1. Archived from
1219:
1185:
896:
203:
184:
1304:
1174:"Presentación: Indice de revistas culturales, históricasy académicas en la América Central (Siglos XIX y XXI)"
210:
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159:
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200:
188:
1588:
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311:
144:
175:
152:
113:
319:
1127:
300:
863:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Departamento de Recursos de Aprendizaje UDI,
829:
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957:
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890:
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835:
364:
347:
292:
1102:
951:
389:
284:
1471:[Women Propose an Agenda for the Positioning of Their Political and Civil Rights].
1497:
1443:
401:
1287:
For the House More Than for the World: Suffragism and
Feminism in the History of Honduras
1104:
Armies without
Nations: Public Violence and State Formation in Central America, 1821–1960
1395:
996:
1332:
245:
237:
196:
148:
91:
1577:
1469:"Mujeres proponen agenda para el posicionamiento de sus derechos políticos y civiles"
1282:
Para la casa más que para el mundo: sufragismo y feminismo en la historia de
Honduras
1311:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Arquidiócesis de Tegucigalpa. 11 September 1904
51:
1441:[Honduran Women Commemorate 60 Years of Their Right to Vote in Elections].
1129:
The United States and Central America, 1944-1949: Perceptions of Political Dynamics
22:
1392:
Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciendia y la Cultura
639:
637:
1331:(in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain: Ediciones Vicens Vives, S.A. 2020. Archived from
1261:
1569:(in Spanish). San Pedro Sula, Honduras: Centro Universitario Regional del Norte.
249:
423:
421:
992:
953:
El capitalismo de San Pedro Sula y la historia política hondureña (1870–1972)
368:
305:
283:(in Spanish). San Salvador, El Salvador: El Salvador Departamento Editorial.
1271:
351:
187:, a Mexican Marxist labor leader. The United States Ambassador to Honduras,
1557:
1439:"Mujeres hondureñas conmemoran 60 años de su derecho a votar en elecciones"
296:
1382:[Guide from the Ibero-American Cultural Administration: Honduras]
1305:"Bautismos 1904-1915, San Pedro Apóstol: Petrona Elvira Bográn Rodríguez"
975:[Pearls in the History of Medicine: The Doctor Napoleón Bográn]
918:(in Spanish). No. 6. Yuscarán, Honduras: Organización de Yuscarán.
730:
26:
1517:[Military Police Bring Piñatas and Sweets to Schoolchildren].
288:
131:
in Madrid in 1963 and several institutions in Honduras bear her name.
1523:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 5 September 2019. Archived from
892:
A Camera in the Garden of Eden: The Self-Forging of a Banana Republic
1475:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 29 January 2016. Archived from
1019:[The Marriage of Rubén Bermúdez Meza and Graciela Bográn].
1421:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 7 April 2017. Archived from
973:"Perlas de la Historia de la Medicina. El Doctor Napoleón Bográn"
217:(Honduran Institute of Hispanic Culture), she was elected to the
1289:] (in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Guaymuras.
1245:] (in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Guaymuras.
1157:] (in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Guaymuras.
199:
in protest to the arrests of citizens calling for the ouster of
987:(2). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Colegio Médico de Honduras: 78–79.
427:
1448:
1263:
Informe anual de labores de la Secretaría de Educación Pública
1417:[Women on the Direction of the Honduran Government].
1380:"Guía de la Administración Cultural Iberoamericana: Honduras"
1066:(in Spanish). La Paz, Honduras: José González. Archived from
1023:(in Spanish). La Paz, Honduras: José González. Archived from
1495:[New Members of the Institute of Hispanic Culture].
1266:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: República de Honduras.
346:. Vol. 1. San Pedro Sula, Honduras: Centro Editorial.
1078:. Blog is written by prize-winning poet and author of the
1035:. Blog is written by prize-winning poet and author of the
139:
Graciela Bográn Rodríguez was born on 19 October 1896 in
1515:"Policías militares llevan piñatas y dulces a escolares"
552:
550:
363:. Vol. 2. Honduras: Herederos de Graciela Bográn.
1212:[Santa Bárbara with Four Related Presidents].
501:
499:
852:
Retazos de la historia: Índice de revistas hondureñas
1493:"Nuevos miembros del Instituto de Cultura Hispánica"
1415:"Las mujeres en la dirección del gobierno hondureño"
1132:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
1017:"La boda de Ruben Bermudez Meza con Graciela Bogran"
16:
Honduran teacher, writer and women's rights activist
1218:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Archived from
1184:(in Spanish). San Pedro Montes de Oca, Costa Rica:
933:(in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Archived from
834:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
99:
84:
58:
42:
857:Challenges of History: Index of Honduran Magazines
1210:"Santa Bárbara con cuatro presidentes parientes"
541:
927:[Governing with Doctors and Teachers].
831:Matanza: El Salvador's Communist Revolt of 1932
715:
643:
490:
33: and the second or maternal family name is
1594:People from Santa Bárbara Department, Honduras
1552:. San Pedor Sula, Honduras: Imprenta Antúnez.
956:. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Guaymuras.
673:
529:
242:Centro de Educación Pre Básica Graciela Bográn
337:. San Pedro Sula, Honduras: Centro Editorial.
8:
1501:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain. 10 October 1963
299:. Collection of essays by Graciela Bográn,
256:in the Jardines de Toncontin neighborhood.
923:Espinoza Murra, Dagoberto (16 June 2019).
745:
658:
193:Revolutionary Democratic Party of Honduras
50:
39:
1208:Pineda Portillo, Noé (25 November 2016).
865:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
685:
478:
451:
1260:Secretaría de Educación Pública (1996).
787:
517:
505:
215:Instituto Hondureño de Cultura Hispánica
103:teacher, writer, women's rights activist
1388:Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos
811:
760:
732:Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
568:
417:
1172:Payne Iglesias, Elizet (August 2015).
1085:
1042:
775:
556:
466:
317:
170:In 1932, Bográn founded the magazine,
799:
439:
195:led a pro-democracy demonstration in
7:
428:Secretaría de Educación Pública 1996
1604:20th-century Honduran women writers
1565:Gutiérrez Pacheco, Azucena (1998).
1080:Diccionario de literatos hondureños
1037:Diccionario de literatos hondureños
925:"Gobernaría con médicos y maestros"
700:
279:Ministerio de Cultura, ed. (1956).
244:in the La Trinidad neighborhood of
1155:Anthology of Honduran Storytellers
1150:Antología de cuentistas hondureñas
14:
1451:. 25 January 2015. Archived from
981:Historia de la medicina hondureña
1548:Antúnez Castillo, Rubén (1966).
1015:González, José (5 August 2012).
395:
383:
1567:Rosas, lotos y ángeles rebeldes
1058:González, José (28 June 2013).
1447:(in Spanish). Miami, Florida.
1021:Jose Gonzalez Paredes Blogspot
219:Instituto de Cultura Hispánica
122:Instituto de Cultura Hispánica
1:
1390:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain:
1238:Historia de Olancho 1524–1877
971:Gómez, Alfredo León (1996).
828:Anderson, Thomas P. (1971).
25:, the first or paternal
1351:[Decree Number 42]
1325:"Colegios: Graciela Bogran"
1235:Sarmiento, José A. (2006).
1147:Muñoz, Willy Oscar (2003).
1126:Leonard, Thomas M. (1984).
1062:[Reunion in 1929].
916:Revista Yuscarán Ayer y Hoy
88:2000 (aged -1–0)
1630:
1101:Holden, Robert H. (2004).
1092:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1049:: CS1 maint: postscript (
324:: CS1 maint: postscript (
141:San Nicolás, Santa Bárbara
77:San Nicolás, Santa Bárbara
20:
1243:Olancho History 1524-1877
1186:Universidad de Costa Rica
897:University of Texas Press
359:Bográn, Graciela (1996).
342:Bográn, Graciela (1996).
333:Bográn, Graciela (1990).
185:Vicente Lombardo Toledano
63:Graciela Bográn Rodríguez
49:
1614:Honduran women activists
1109:Oxford University Press
950:Euraque, Darío (2001).
889:Coleman, Kevin (2016).
254:Colegio Graciela Bogran
236:Bográn died in 2000 in
1394:. 2020. Archived from
1279:Villars, Rina (2001).
1107:. New York, New York:
1060:"Reencuentro en el 29"
204:Tiburcio Carías Andino
542:Castillo Canelas 2019
211:Ramón Villeda Morales
1609:Honduran suffragists
1527:on 15 September 2019
1070:on 10 September 2018
1064:Cronicas de Honduras
491:Pineda Portillo 2016
390:Biography portal
312:Pedro Geoffroy Rivas
281:En Torno a Masferrer
1455:on 14 December 2015
1349:"Decreto Numeró 42"
884:on 16 January 2020.
674:Espinoza Murra 2019
583:, pp. 311–312.
571:, pp. 299–300.
530:Payne Iglesias 2015
481:, pp. 140–141.
402:Honduras portal
361:Escritos, 1932–1984
344:Escritos, 1932–1984
160:Rubén Bermúdez Meza
1599:Honduran feminists
1479:on 15 January 2020
1401:on 15 January 2020
1366:on 16 January 2020
1335:on 17 January 2020
1195:on 16 January 2020
1296:978-99926-15-77-5
1252:978-99926-33-50-2
1164:978-99926-33-05-2
1118:978-0-19-803651-7
963:978-99926-15-73-7
906:978-1-4773-0856-1
895:. Austin, Texas:
874:978-99979-839-0-9
631:, pp. 97–98.
189:John Draper Erwin
107:
106:
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1570:
1561:
1542:Further research
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1222:on 23 March 2017
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1188:. Archived from
1182:ciicla.ucr.ac.cr
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153:Francisco Bográn
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114:women's suffrage
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1444:El Nuevo Herald
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1425:on 28 July 2019
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110:Graciela Bográn
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73:19 October 1896
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44:Graciela Bográn
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1012:
983:(in Spanish).
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867:. p. 51.
846:
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814:, p. 643.
804:
802:, p. 179.
792:
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778:, p. 257.
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479:Sarmiento 2006
471:
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270:(in Spanish).
261:
260:Selected works
258:
246:San Pedro Sula
238:San Pedro Sula
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197:San Pedro Sula
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788:Anderson 1971
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