42:
542:
114:
89:
565:
474:
607:
572:
The main breeding season is April to
September and the nest is a hidden scrape on the ground. The nest may sometimes be made above ground level in a niche in a wall or rock. The clutch is six to eight eggs, but larger clutches, potentially reflecting intraspecific brood parasitism, have been noted.
444:
This bird is a medium-sized francolin, with males averaging 11.6–13.4 in (29–34 cm) and females averaging 10.2–11.9 in (26–30 cm). The males weigh 9–12 oz (260–340 g) whereas the weight of the females is 7–11 oz (200–310 g). The francolin is barred throughout
650:
The creature follows its master with a rapid and pretty gait that suggests a graceful girl tripping along with a full skirt well held up. The Indian lover can pay his sweetheart no higher compliment than to say she runs like a partridge. In poetry the semblance is one of best hackneyed of Indian
614:
The species has long been domesticated in areas of northern Indian subcontinent where it is used for fighting. The domesticated birds can be large at around 500-600g, compared to 250g for wild birds. They are usually carefully reared by hand and become as tame and confiding as a pet dog.
236:
465:
and is richer brown. They are weak fliers and fly short distances, escaping into undergrowth after a few spurts of flight. In flight it shows a chestnut tail and dark primaries. The race in Sri Lanka is sometimes given the name
1732:
Purwar, RS (1976) Neuro-histochemical observations on the pancreas of
Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter) as revealed by the cholinesterase technique. Z. Mikrosk. Anat. Forsch. 90(6):1009-16.
622:
They run very swiftly and gracefully; they seem to glide rather than run, and the native lover can pay no higher compliment to his mistress than to liken her gait to that of the
Partridge.
1729:
Purwar, RS (1975) Anatomical, neurohistological and histochemical observations on the tongue of
Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter). Acta Anat. 93(4):526-33.
761:
Mandiwana-Neudani, T.G.; Little, R.M.; Crowe, T.M.; Bowie, R.C. (2019). "Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of 'true' francolins: Galliformes, Phasianidae, Phasianinae, Gallini;
651:
metaphors. In poetry, too, the partridge is associated with the moon, and, like the lotus, is supposed to be perpetually longing for it, while the chikore is said to eat fire.
501:
and open country, and is rarely found above an altitude of 500 m above sea level in India, and 1200 m in
Pakistan. The distribution is south of the foothills of the
302:
can also refer to other partridges and quails. During the breeding season calling males attract challengers, and decoys were used to trap these birds especially for
1945:
2140:
1997:
2115:
1119:
66:
461:
is darker and intermediate found in northern India. The nominate race in the southern peninsula of India has populations with a darker rufous throat,
2087:
1919:
1958:
913:
905:
901:
843:
65:
727:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
549:
The loud calls of the birds are commonly heard early in the mornings. Pairs of birds will sometimes engage in a duet. The female call is a
41:
2125:
1676:
Johnson, J Mangalaraj (1968) Grey
Partridge abandoning nest on removal of grass cover over its path to nest. Indian Forester 94:780.
1018:
1823:
2135:
1906:
1742:
290:. They are mainly ground-living birds and are found in open cultivated lands as well as scrub forest and their local name of
1963:
64:
1747:
2130:
1796:
1857:
1700:
1664:
1377:
1244:
348:. Gmelin based his description on "Le perdix de Pondichéry" that had been described in 1782 by the French naturalist
113:
1719:
Soni, VC (1978) Intersexuality in the Gray
Partridge. Game Bird Breeders Avicult. Zool. Conserv. Gaz. 27(7), 12–13.
862:
1134:
2002:
721:
432:
319:
225:
1844:
1758:
825:(in German). Vol. 1. Dresden und Leipzig: Expedition Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. xxviii.
1862:
835:
Priority! The Dating of
Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers
635:
342:
208:
50:
929:
N. Sarudny und M. Härms, Ornithologische
Monatsberichte (1913) - Neue Formen der Frankoline aus Persien
699:
1836:
1805:
1506:
590:
Several species of feather mites, helminth and blood parasites have been described from the species.
2120:
829:
627:
598:
They are hunted in much of their range using low nets and easily caught using calling decoy birds.
315:
275:
78:
1989:
1810:
1640:
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1010:
541:
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and the face is pale with a thin black border to the pale throat. The only similar species is the
1619:
1524:
816:
798:
457:
is palest and found in arid North-Western India, Eastern
Pakistan and Southern Iran. Subspecies
453:
vent. The male can have up to two spurs on the legs while females usually lack them. Subspecies
375:
243:
108:
1950:
2023:
1976:
1880:
1448:
1413:
1224:
1014:
909:
839:
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Food includes seeds, grains as well as insects, particularly termites and beetles (especially
446:
363:
2038:
730:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 760.
2028:
1514:
1081:
866:
790:
745:
694:
643:
2051:
1849:
747:
Voyage aux Indes orientales et a la Chine, fait par ordre du Roi, depuis 1774 jusqu'en 1781
2010:
741:
639:
514:
412:
367:
349:
328:
1613:
676:
1659:
1634:
1570:
1510:
1004:
618:
Several authors have described the running of the birds as being particularly graceful:
362:. Based on a phylogenetic study published in 2019 the grey francolin, together with the
1085:
513:. It is also found in north-western Sri Lanka. Introduced populations are found in the
287:
1695:
2109:
1971:
1218:
1035:
833:
802:
685:
577:
497:
The grey francolin is normally found foraging on bare or low grass covered ground in
422:
379:
323:
98:
93:
1690:
Gabriel, A (1970) Some observations on the Ceylon Grey Partridge. Loris 12(1):60-62.
1099:
Gullion, Gordon W. (1965). "A Critique concerning Foreign Game Bird Introductions".
870:
820:
235:
2078:
1885:
1528:
928:
725:
506:
794:
564:
1911:
1872:
1984:
1932:
1790:
1696:"Southern Grey Partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus (Gmelin) in Malabar, Kerala"
1326:
1291:
1264:
1186:
1159:
956:
462:
394:
358:
175:
165:
1072:
Loustau-Lalanne, P (1962). "The birds of the Chagos Archipelago, India Ocean".
2046:
1542:
Alwar, V.S.; Lalitha, C.M. (1974). "Feather mites from the common grey quail (
401:
185:
17:
1781:
1120:"Crop diversification leads to diverse bird problems in Hawaiian agriculture"
581:
530:
498:
482:
473:
303:
271:
125:
54:
606:
1452:
1417:
2072:
2015:
1775:
1290:
Faruqi, Shamin A; Bump, Gardiner; Nanda, PC; Christensen, Glen C (1960).
502:
145:
2092:
1937:
1924:
1831:
478:
1818:
1519:
1494:
526:
522:
518:
510:
450:
337:
135:
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944:. Vol. II. Calcutta: A.O. Hume and C.H.T. Marshall. p. 58.
1898:
1893:
605:
563:
540:
486:
472:
333:
62:
58:
750:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Chez l'Auteur. pp. 165–166.
279:
155:
1756:
1716:) in the Rajasthan desert. Annals Arid Zone. 22(2), 117–120.
1292:"A study of the seasonal foods of the Black Francolin [
989:. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 121.
1590:
Ezra, A (1934). "Partridge and bulbul fighting in India".
642:'s father, wrote of this and other partridges such as the
584:). They may occasionally take larger prey such as snakes.
374:
that had been introduced in 1852 by the German naturalist
1722:
Hartert, E (1917) Notes on game-birds. VII. The forms of
1470:
sp. nov. (Nematoda: Cosmo cercidae) from gray partridge,
1238:
Tiwari, JK (1999). "Large clutch size in Grey Francolin (
1375:
Sangha, HS (1987). "Roosting habits of grey partridge".
1061:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 29–33.
1352:
Mian, A.; Wajid, M.M. (1994). "Food of grey francolin (
832:; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011).
356:. The grey francolin was formerly placed in the genus
1679:
Davis, G (1939) On Indian Grey and Black Partridges (
1059:
Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 2
332:. He placed it with all the grouse like birds in the
1036:"The game birds of India, Burma and Ceylon, Part 30"
2062:
1765:
1493:Ray, A. P.; Bhatnagar, V. N.; Menon, M. K. (1953).
1356:) in Layyah district (southern Punjab, Pakistan)".
415:& Härms, 1913) – south Iran and south Pakistan
700:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678728A131904182.en
561:is a duet. They are usually seen in small groups.
298:which is produced by one or more birds. The term
1009:(4th ed.). Gurney & Jackson. pp.
987:Birds of South Asia: the Ripley Guide. Volume 2
648:
620:
610:The spurs of the male. From Le Messurier, 1904.
1546:Linn., 1758) and the southern grey partridge (
827:For a discussion of the publication date see:
425:, 1917) – east Pakistan, north India and Nepal
294:is based on their calls, a loud and repeated
8:
1687:). The Avicultural Magazine, 5 4(5):148-151.
1160:"The different calls of the Grey Partridge,
898:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
838:. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 134.
470:or considered as belonging to the nominate.
282:. This species was formerly also called the
998:
996:
274:found in the plains and drier parts of the
1753:
1607:
1605:
1495:"A Plasmodium in Common Indian Partridges"
587:They roost in groups in low thorny trees.
234:
87:
40:
31:
1518:
1300:(Gmelin)] and the Common Sandgrouse (
1296:(Linnaeus)], the Grey Francolin [
1212:
1210:
1208:
698:
354:Voyage aux Indes orientales et a la Chine
1187:"An unusual nesting of a Grey Partridge
1185:Tehsin, Raza; Moezi, Abdul Amir (1993).
1548:Francolinus pondicerianus pondicerianus
667:
322:in his revised and expanded edition of
286:, not to be confused with the European
1712:Sharma, IK (1983) The Grey Partridge (
980:
978:
976:
974:
942:Game Birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon
529:, along with several other species of
521:Islands. They have been introduced to
370:, were moved to the resurrected genus
2141:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1660:"Incubation period of Grey Partridge"
940:Hume, A.O.; Marshall, C.H.T. (1880).
900:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
877:. International Ornithologists' Union
857:
855:
389:meaning "bird". The specific epithet
7:
1636:A hand-book to the Game-birds. VOl 1
1572:Game, shore and water birds of India
822:Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie
525:in the United States of America and
2116:IUCN Red List least concern species
1435:n. gen. n. sp. from grey partridge
985:Rasmussen, PC; JC Anderton (2005).
871:"Pheasants, partridges, francolins"
686:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
435:, 1789) – south India and Sri Lanka
1575:. Thacker and CO, London. p.
1223:. George Wyman & Co. pp.
1086:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1962.tb08628.x
545:Sonogram of grey francolin's Call.
25:
318:in 1789 by the German naturalist
1304:Temminck) in India and Pakistan"
1265:"Nesting of the Grey Partridge (
1006:Popular handbook of Indian birds
875:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
112:
1612:Kipling, John Lockwood (1904).
675:BirdLife International (2018).
1118:Koopman, ME; W C Pitt (2007).
378:. The genus name combines the
1:
1431:Ali SM, Deshmukh PG (1969). "
795:10.2989/00306525.2019.1632954
397:, a town in southeast India.
1618:. Macmillan and co. p.
1133:(2): 235–243. Archived from
1726:. Novit. Zool. 24, 287–288.
1701:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1665:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1400:n. sp. from grey partridge
1378:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1358:Pakistan Journal of Zoology
1245:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2157:
1633:Ogilvie-Grant, WR (1896).
1550:Gmelin, 1788) in Madras".
1544:Coturnix coturnix coturnix
1057:Ali, S; SD Ripley (1980).
896:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2052:Francolinus-pondicerianus
1824:francolinus-pondicerianus
1811:Francolinus_pondicerianus
1767:Francolinus pondicerianus
1724:Francolinus pondicerianus
1714:Francolinus pondicerianus
1681:Francolinus pondicerianus
1476:Rivista di Parassitologia
1472:Francolinus pondicerianus
1441:Rivista di Parassitologia
1437:Francolinus pondicerianus
1433:Pseudaspidoderella indica
1406:Rivista di Parassitologia
1402:Francolinus pondicerianus
1354:Francolinus pondicerianus
1329:Francolinus pondicerianus
1267:Francolinus pondicerianus
1240:Francolinus pondicerianus
1220:The Birds of India. Vol 3
1189:Francolinus pondicerianus
1162:Francolinus pondicerianus
1158:Himmatsinhji, MK (1959).
1034:Baker, EC Stuart (1920).
693:: e.T22678728A131904182.
679:Francolinus pondicerianus
559:kateela..kateela..kateela
553:repeated and sometimes a
252:Francolinus ponticerianus
249:
242:
233:
214:
207:
109:Scientific classification
107:
85:
76:
48:
39:
34:
2126:Birds of the Middle East
1797:Ortygornis pondicerianus
1639:. Edward Lloyd. p.
1592:The Avicultural Magazine
1466:Rathore, GS; Nama, HS. "
1335:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1308:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1273:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1195:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1168:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1127:Human–Wildlife Conflicts
1040:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
961:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
957:"Riding down partridges"
722:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
493:Distribution and habitat
267:Ortygornis pondicerianus
218:Ortygornis pondicerianus
2136:Birds described in 1789
1685:Francolinus francolinus
1569:Le Messurier A (1904).
1294:Francolinus francolinus
869:, eds. (January 2022).
630:quoted in Ogilvie-Grant
557:and the challenge call
320:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
314:The grey francolin was
1615:Beast and man in India
1396:Deshmukh PG. (1968). "
1331:(Gmelin) eating snake"
659:
633:
611:
569:
546:
489:
71:
1327:"The Grey Partridge,
1003:Whistler, H. (1949).
955:Stirling, JH (1933).
636:John Lockwood Kipling
609:
567:
544:
537:Behaviour and ecology
476:
385:meaning "quail" with
200:O. pondicerianus
69:
2064:Tetrao pondicerianus
1263:Edwards, DB (1933).
1217:Jerdon, T C (1864).
393:is from the toponym
346:Tetrao pondicerianus
296:Ka-tee-tar...tee-tar
2131:Birds of South Asia
1694:George, NJ (1983).
1511:1953Natur.172..687R
1101:The Wilson Bulletin
817:Reichenbach, Ludwig
429:O. p. pondicerianus
276:Indian subcontinent
79:Conservation status
49:At the salt pan of
1398:Lemdana francolini
1325:Soman, PW (1962).
865:; Donsker, David;
612:
570:
547:
490:
477:Grey francolin in
419:O. p. interpositus
376:Ludwig Reichenbach
316:formally described
270:) is a species of
72:
2103:
2102:
2024:Open Tree of Life
1759:Taxon identifiers
1658:Soni, RG (1994).
1468:Alapectana indica
915:978-1-4081-2501-4
867:Rasmussen, Pamela
845:978-0-9568611-1-5
509:and eastwards to
505:westwards to the
447:painted francolin
409:O. p. mecranensis
364:crested francolin
258:
257:
102:
67:
16:(Redirected from
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742:Sonnerat, Pierre
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644:chukar partridge
631:
555:kila..kila..kila
404:are recognised:
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2011:Observation.org
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830:Dickinson, E.C.
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640:Rudyard Kipling
632:
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596:
568:A captive decoy
551:tee...tee...tee
539:
495:
442:
368:swamp francolin
350:Pierre Sonnerat
341:and coined the
329:Systema Naturae
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229:
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111:
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88:
81:
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35:Grey francolin
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27:Species of bird
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1737:External links
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1110:
1091:
1064:
1049:
1026:
1019:
992:
970:
947:
932:
921:
914:
888:
851:
844:
808:
789:(3): 191–221.
753:
733:
713:
666:
665:
663:
660:
653:
624:
603:
600:
595:
592:
538:
535:
494:
491:
449:, which has a
441:
438:
437:
436:
426:
416:
311:
308:
288:grey partridge
284:grey partridge
262:grey francolin
256:
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105:
104:
86:
83:
82:
77:
74:
73:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
18:Gray francolin
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2153:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
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1482:(2): 279–281.
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1364:(2): 185–187.
1363:
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1341:(2): 653–654.
1340:
1336:
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1330:
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1318:
1314:(2): 354–361.
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1173:
1169:
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1140:on 2009-01-10
1136:
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1106:
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1046:(2): 193–210.
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1020:1-4067-4576-6
1016:
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656:Kipling, 1904
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629:
623:
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578:Tenebrionidae
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391:pondicerianus
388:
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380:Ancient Greek
377:
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343:binomial name
340:
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324:Carl Linnaeus
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209:Binomial name
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94:Least Concern
84:
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56:
52:
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43:
38:
33:
30:
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2063:
1766:
1748:In Sri Lanka
1723:
1713:
1705:
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1684:
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1669:
1663:
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1628:
1614:
1595:
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1488:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1447:(1): 45–48.
1444:
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1436:
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1142:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1130:
1126:
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1104:
1100:
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1080:(1): 67–73.
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1058:
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924:
897:
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874:
834:
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736:
726:
716:
704:. Retrieved
690:
684:
678:
670:
649:
634:
621:
617:
613:
597:
589:
586:
575:
571:
558:
554:
550:
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507:Indus Valley
496:
467:
459:interpositus
458:
454:
443:
428:
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382:
371:
357:
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345:
336:
327:
313:
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295:
291:
283:
266:
265:
261:
259:
251:
250:
217:
215:
199:
198:
186:
29:
1985:NatureServe
1933:iNaturalist
1791:Wikispecies
1201:(1): 91–92.
863:Gill, Frank
779:Scleroptila
773:gen. nov.,
771:Afrocolinus
763:Francolinus
468:ceylonensis
463:supercilium
455:mecranensis
440:Description
395:Pondicherry
359:Francolinus
176:Phasianidae
166:Galliformes
51:Tal Chappar
2121:Ortygornis
2110:Categories
2079:Q109578463
2047:Xeno-canto
1743:Aviculture
1385:(7–8): 15.
1302:P. exustus
1144:2009-02-10
967:(4): 1004.
775:Peliperdix
767:Ortygornis
662:References
602:In culture
433:Gmelin, JF
423:Hartert, E
402:subspecies
372:Ortygornis
226:Gmelin, JF
187:Ortygornis
1708:(5–6): 8.
1279:(2): 512.
1252:(6): 105.
1191:(Gmelin)"
1164:(Gmelin)"
803:208597134
582:Carabidae
531:francolin
503:Himalayas
483:Rajasthan
272:francolin
194:Species:
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
55:Rajasthan
2093:11093322
2073:Wikidata
1990:2.105414
1977:22678728
1951:10189975
1850:22678728
1845:BirdLife
1776:Wikidata
1672:(4): 96.
1558:: 92–93.
819:(1852).
744:(1782).
724:(1789).
654:—
628:A O Hume
625:—
310:Taxonomy
304:fighting
244:Synonyms
172:Family:
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
99:IUCN 3.1
2039:6955985
1938:1289691
1925:5227839
1832:Avibase
1782:Q939650
1552:Cheiron
1529:4161319
1507:Bibcode
1453:5408573
1418:5751501
1269:Gmel.)"
783:Ostrich
515:Andaman
479:Bikaner
413:Zarudny
352:in his
228:, 1789)
182:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
97: (
2036:uBio:
2029:204734
1964:175992
1907:EURING
1899:gryfra
1873:gryfra
1863:113310
1819:ARKive
1527:
1499:Nature
1451:
1416:
1017:
1013:–434.
912:
881:6 July
842:
801:
781:spp".
594:Status
527:Hawaii
523:Nevada
519:Chagos
511:Bengal
451:rufous
400:Three
338:Tetrao
300:teetar
292:teetar
2016:70269
1946:IRMNG
1894:eBird
1886:6JLF3
1870:BOW:
1525:S2CID
1227:–572.
1138:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
799:S2CID
706:6 May
499:scrub
487:India
387:ornis
383:ortux
334:genus
70:Calls
59:India
2088:GBIF
2003:9019
1998:NCBI
1972:IUCN
1959:ITIS
1920:GBIF
1912:3650
1858:BOLD
1683:and
1449:PMID
1414:PMID
1242:)".
1074:Ibis
1015:ISBN
910:ISBN
883:2022
840:ISBN
777:and
708:2022
691:2018
580:and
517:and
366:and
280:Iran
278:and
260:The
156:Aves
1881:CoL
1806:ADW
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
