493:. Scientists believed that it was extinct, but a remnant population was discovered in 1986. Since then, surveys of south- and central-eastern Madagascar have found about 500 individuals in 11 subpopulations. The home range of the species is likewise drastically reduced. The current range is less than 4 percent of its historic distribution. The reason for the endangerment is climate change and human activities which depleted the primary food source (bamboo). Greater bamboo lemur is a part of prosimian species, which appeared even before monkeys. This species of lemur is not capable of adapting to the rapidly changing habitat. Human activities and climate change have resulted in the depletion of populations and resulted in a few remaining patches of forest capable of supporting this species. The species is endangered by the following:
445:
436:
427:
31:
454:
2866:
100:
231:
58:
2288:
386:
are also suspected. Protection from predators, avoiding parasite vectors, and enhanced thermoregulation are three theories that are not mutually exclusive to explain the selection of sleeping location. The fossa hunts the Great bamboo lemurs in large numbers. As a result, the lemurs must maintain a
419:
Greater bamboo lemurs live in groups of up to 28. Individuals are extremely gregarious. The species may be the only lemur in which the male is dominant, although this is not certain. Because of their social nature, greater bamboo lemurs have at least seven different calls. Males have been observed
369:
The greater bamboo lemur is the largest bamboo lemur, at over 5 lb (2.3 kg). It has greyish brown fur and white ear tufts, and has a head-body length of around 1.5 ft (46 cm). They have relatively long tails and long back legs for leaping vertically amongst the trees of their
790:
Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy; Ratolojanahary, Tianasoa; Rafalimandimby, Jean; Rajaonson, Andry; Rakotonirina, Laingoniaina; Rasolofoharivelo, Tovonanahary; Ndriamiary, Jean Noel; Andriambololona, Jeannot; Nasoavina, Christin; Fanomezantsoa, Prosper; Rakotoarisoa, Justin Claude (17 February 2011).
476:
found in the shoots. The typical daily dose would be enough to kill humans. Greater bamboo lemurs occasionally consume fungi, flowers, and fruit. Its main food source is bamboo and it is the main reason why it has become critically endangered. Areas with high density of bamboo have major human
1023:
Olson, Erik R.; Marsh, Ryan A.; Bovard, Brittany N.; Randrianarimanana, H. L. Lucien; Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy; Ratsimbazafy, Jonah H.; King, Tony (30 April 2013). "Habitat
Preferences of the Critically Endangered Greater Bamboo Lemur (Prolemur simus) and Densities of One of Its Primary Food
523:
Ravaloharimanitra, M.; King, T.; Wright, P.; Raharivololona, B.; Ramaherison, R.P.; Louis, E.E.; Frasier, C.L.; Dolch, R.; Roullet, D.; Razafindramanana, J.; Volampeno, S.; Randriahaingo, H.N.T.; Randrianarimanana, L.; Borgerson, C.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2020).
1093:; Wallis, J.; Rylands, A.B.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Oates, J.F.; Williamson, E.A.; Palacios, E.; Heymann, E.W.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Yongcheng, L.; Supriatna, J.; Roos, C.; Walker, S.; Cortés-Ortiz, L.; Schwitzer, C., eds. (2009).
1102:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash. Arlington, VA: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI). pp. 1–92.
3161:
791:"Gathering Local Knowledge in Madagascar Results in a Major Increase in the Known Range and Number of Sites for Critically Endangered Greater Bamboo Lemurs (Prolemur simus)".
3206:
3201:
420:
taking bamboo pith away from females that had put significant effort into opening the bamboo stems. In captivity, greater bamboo lemurs have lived over the age of 17.
3181:
896:
Wilson, Jane M.; Godfrey, L.R.; Simons, E.L.; Stewart, Paul D.; Vuillaume-Randriamanantena, M. (1995). "Past and
Present Lemur Fauna at Ankarana, N. Madagascar".
341:
as a full genus in 2001, with this species as its only member. More recent research by
Herrera and Dávalos (2016) indicates that the species is sister to all of
3081:
498:
1133:
1138:
3003:
3191:
3029:
1533:
1170:
1024:
Sources, Madagascar Giant Bamboo (Cathariostachys madagascariensis), in Sites with
Different Degrees of Anthropogenic and Natural Disturbance".
964:
Hawkins, Melissa T. R.; Culligan, Ryan R.; Frasier, Cynthia L.; Dikow, Rebecca B.; Hagenson, Ryan; Lei, Runhua; Louis, Edward E. (8 June 2018).
877:
Godfrey, L.R.; Wilson, Jane M.; Simons, E.L.; Stewart, Paul D.; Vuillaume-Randriamanantena, M. (1996). "Ankarana: window to
Madagascar's past".
966:"Genome sequence and population declines in the critically endangered greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) and implications for conservation"
1107:
924:
3171:
1094:
3186:
675:
625:
3055:
468:
444:
435:
3176:
3073:
2865:
730:
3034:
62:
1458:
1399:
3068:
2977:
1526:
1449:
1440:
1163:
3086:
1134:
https://web.archive.org/web/20081009034212/http://info.bio.sunysb.edu/rano.biodiv/Mammals/Hapalemur-simus/index.html
653:
603:
426:
1139:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051126205302/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Hapalemur_sinus/more_info.html
399:, although fossils indicate its former range extended across bigger areas of the island, including as far north as
99:
1068:
30:
408:
1467:
472:, preferring the shoots but also eating the pith and leaves. It is unknown how their metabolism deals with the
404:
39:
1286:
2659:
3166:
2904:
2366:
1519:
1156:
945:
2982:
2969:
3196:
3120:
1699:
1367:
453:
204:
2951:
2414:
2380:
2287:
1322:
2942:
2519:
1476:
1090:
834:
Eppley, Timothy M. (21 January 2016). "Unusual sleeping site selection by southern bamboo lemurs".
548:
47:
2434:
2346:
1979:
1722:
570:
1944:
1295:
1277:
1049:
859:
816:
700:
246:
94:
3125:
1113:
2489:
2452:
2424:
2165:
748:"Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Lemurs Inferred with Recent and Ancient Fossils in the Tree"
3107:
2990:
2846:
2721:
2687:
2680:
1801:
1358:
1331:
1304:
1236:
1227:
1103:
1041:
1005:
987:
920:
851:
808:
769:
726:
681:
671:
631:
621:
322:
3112:
2533:
1408:
1033:
995:
977:
843:
800:
759:
543:
314:
220:
665:
615:
497:
farming, mining, bamboo, and other logging, and slingshot hunting. It was formerly one of "
3094:
3047:
2887:
2839:
2442:
2373:
2086:
1729:
1715:
1501:
321:
as early as 1880. With the understanding that this species is more closely related to the
230:
1143:
2956:
2650:
2628:
2608:
2544:
2407:
2390:
2217:
2196:
2158:
1917:
1617:
1340:
1000:
965:
494:
379:
3155:
3042:
2825:
2768:
2509:
2116:
2031:
1990:
1931:
1822:
1794:
1750:
1736:
1600:
1587:
1542:
1349:
1216:
1148:
661:
611:
534:
525:
490:
161:
67:
1053:
820:
2995:
2788:
2761:
2752:
2738:
2714:
2305:
2259:
1958:
1951:
1787:
1664:
1641:
1423:
1382:
863:
718:
649:
599:
383:
334:
181:
917:
Lemurs of the Lost World: exploring the forests and
Crocodile Caves of Madagascar
3138:
3060:
3016:
2936:
2882:
2816:
2673:
2666:
2618:
2567:
2479:
2130:
2068:
2054:
1999:
1972:
1901:
1887:
1880:
1859:
1829:
1815:
1685:
1627:
1268:
489:), is one of the world's most critically endangered primates, according to the
2731:
2707:
2553:
2526:
2318:
2248:
2226:
2151:
2109:
2061:
2040:
1873:
1866:
1766:
1708:
1671:
1251:
1037:
982:
847:
804:
396:
298:
2927:
1045:
991:
812:
2832:
2779:
2698:
2463:
2335:
2233:
2187:
2172:
2144:
2137:
2123:
2102:
2095:
2047:
2013:
1910:
1678:
1657:
1313:
1180:
764:
747:
685:
635:
171:
111:
1009:
855:
773:
3099:
2921:
2639:
2400:
2241:
2020:
1843:
1808:
1773:
1759:
1560:
1198:
400:
387:
secure sleeping environment, such as tree holes and constructed nests.
131:
670:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117.
620:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117.
3008:
2601:
2203:
2006:
1965:
1780:
1650:
1572:
1210:
473:
294:
287:
151:
3021:
2964:
2802:
2357:
1852:
1566:
1554:
1204:
1192:
141:
121:
2898:
1096:
Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most
Endangered Primates 2008–2010
3133:
2795:
2587:
2560:
2500:
291:
84:
78:
667:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
617:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1511:
2902:
2303:
1585:
1515:
1152:
725:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 350.
477:
disturbances, where humans cut or illegally cut down bamboo.
1069:"A Proposal from Greater Bamboo Lemur Conservation Project"
943:
Conniff, Richard (April 2006). "For the Love of Lemurs".
746:
Herrera, James P.; Dávalos, Liliana M. (September 2016).
1144:
http://www.animalinfo.org/species/primate/hapasimu.htm
466:
It feeds almost exclusively on the bamboo species of
2813:
2749:
2727:
2635:
2624:
2614:
2515:
2485:
2475:
2448:
2430:
2420:
2396:
2386:
2342:
2331:
2214:
2184:
2083:
1928:
1898:
1840:
1747:
1696:
1638:
1623:
1613:
2911:
2812:
2778:
2748:
2697:
2649:
2585:
2543:
2499:
2462:
2356:
2316:
2258:
2213:
2183:
2082:
2030:
1989:
1927:
1897:
1839:
1746:
1695:
1637:
1598:
1421:
1380:
1249:
1225:
403:. Some notable parts of the current range are the
395:Its current range is restricted to southeastern
549:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9674A115564770.en
1527:
1164:
8:
785:
783:
3162:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
2899:
2593:
2468:
2324:
2313:
2300:
1936:
1606:
1595:
1582:
1534:
1520:
1512:
1171:
1157:
1149:
938:
936:
229:
56:
29:
20:
999:
981:
763:
547:
3207:Fauna of the Madagascar subhumid forests
3202:Fauna of the Madagascar lowland forests
510:
499:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
422:
953:(1). Smithsonian Institution: 102–109.
594:
592:
518:
516:
514:
3182:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
378:Its only confirmed predators are the
7:
1026:International Journal of Primatology
919:. Impact, London. pp. 139–143.
793:International Journal of Primatology
535:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
317:in 1870, it was regarded simply as
14:
2864:
2286:
469:Cathariostachys madagascariensis
452:
443:
434:
425:
98:
357:, and that it should remain in
3192:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
1459:Southern lesser bamboo lemur (
1400:Black-and-white ruffed lemur (
1:
1450:Western lesser bamboo lemur (
1441:Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (
705:Notes from the Leyden Museum
571:"Checklist of CITES Species"
3172:Endemic fauna of Madagascar
3223:
1468:Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (
485:The greater bamboo lemur (
409:Andringitra National Parks
311:Hapalemur (Prolemur) simus
3187:Mammals described in 1871
2877:
2862:
2596:
2471:
2327:
2312:
2299:
2284:
1939:
1609:
1594:
1581:
1549:
1498:
1187:
1179:Extant species of family
1067:Wright, Pat (July 2008).
1038:10.1007/s10764-013-9674-z
983:10.1186/s12864-018-4841-4
848:10.1007/s10329-016-0516-4
805:10.1007/s10764-011-9500-4
252:
245:
237:
228:
210:
203:
95:Scientific classification
93:
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
664:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
614:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
309:Originally described as
284:broad-nosed gentle lemur
280:broad-nosed bamboo lemur
40:Ranomafana National Park
1368:Blue-eyed black lemur (
1287:Sanford's brown lemur (
382:and the bush pigs, but
1486:Greater bamboo lemur (
1323:Collared brown lemur (
3177:Mammals of Madagascar
3121:Paleobiology Database
1477:Golden bamboo lemur (
915:Wilson, Jane (1995).
765:10.1093/sysbio/syw035
699:Schlegel, H. (1880).
542:: e.T9674A115564770.
278:), also known as the
63:Critically Endangered
24:Greater bamboo lemur
1296:White-headed lemur (
1278:Common brown lemur (
898:Primate Conservation
329:) than to the other
270:greater bamboo lemur
2817:Palaeopropithecidae
1359:Red-bellied lemur (
1332:Gray-headed lemur (
1305:Red-fronted lemur (
1237:Ring-tailed lemur (
481:Conservation status
48:Conservation status
1700:Ekgmowechashalidae
1409:Red ruffed lemur (
1119:on 10 August 2011.
752:Systematic Biology
3149:
3148:
3108:Open Tree of Life
2905:Taxon identifiers
2896:
2895:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2847:Palaeopropithecus
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2295:
2294:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2078:
2077:
1509:
1508:
1434:
1393:
1262:
1109:978-1-934151-34-1
1091:Mittermeier, R.A.
926:978-1-874687-48-1
701:"Hapalemur simus"
370:forest habitat.
323:ring-tailed lemur
297:to the island of
266:
265:
260:
88:
71:
3214:
3142:
3141:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3102:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3076:
3064:
3063:
3051:
3050:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3012:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2959:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2900:
2868:
2815:
2753:Archaeolemuridae
2751:
2729:
2637:
2626:
2616:
2594:
2534:Xanthonycticebus
2517:
2487:
2477:
2469:
2450:
2432:
2422:
2398:
2388:
2344:
2333:
2325:
2314:
2301:
2290:
2216:
2186:
2085:
1937:
1930:
1900:
1842:
1749:
1698:
1640:
1625:
1615:
1607:
1596:
1583:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1341:Mongoose lemur (
1261:
1260:
1256:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1112:. Archived from
1101:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1003:
985:
961:
955:
954:
940:
931:
930:
912:
906:
905:
893:
887:
886:
874:
868:
867:
831:
825:
824:
787:
778:
777:
767:
743:
737:
736:
723:Primate taxonomy
715:
709:
708:
696:
690:
689:
646:
640:
639:
596:
587:
586:
584:
582:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
551:
520:
456:
447:
438:
429:
315:John Edward Gray
258:
238:Distribution of
233:
216:
103:
102:
82:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
16:Species of lemur
3222:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3137:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3095:Observation.org
3093:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3067:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3041:
3033:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3007:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2957:Hapalemur_simus
2955:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2888:Subfossil lemur
2869:
2852:
2840:Mesopropithecus
2808:
2774:
2744:
2693:
2645:
2590:
2573:
2539:
2495:
2458:
2352:
2321:
2308:
2291:
2274:
2254:
2209:
2179:
2087:Caenopithecidae
2074:
2026:
1985:
1923:
1893:
1835:
1742:
1730:Muangthanhinius
1716:Ekgmowechashala
1691:
1633:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1545:
1540:
1510:
1505:
1494:
1461:H. meridionalis
1452:H. occidentalis
1431:(Bamboo lemurs)
1430:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1390:(Ruffed lemurs)
1389:
1388:
1386:
1376:
1350:Crowned lemur (
1258:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1221:
1183:
1177:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1071:. SavingSpecies
1066:
1065:
1061:
1022:
1021:
1017:
963:
962:
958:
942:
941:
934:
927:
914:
913:
909:
895:
894:
890:
876:
875:
871:
833:
832:
828:
789:
788:
781:
745:
744:
740:
733:
717:
716:
712:
698:
697:
693:
678:
648:
647:
643:
628:
598:
597:
590:
580:
578:
569:
568:
564:
554:
552:
522:
521:
512:
507:
487:Hapalemur simus
483:
464:
457:
448:
439:
430:
417:
393:
376:
367:
319:Hapalemur simus
307:
275:Hapalemur simus
224:
218:
214:Hapalemur simus
212:
199:
97:
89:
72:
61:
57:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3104:
3091:
3078:
3065:
3052:
3039:
3026:
3013:
3000:
2987:
2974:
2970:prolemur-simus
2961:
2948:
2943:Prolemur simus
2933:
2917:
2915:
2913:Prolemur simus
2909:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2655:
2653:
2651:Cheirogaleidae
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2629:Plesiopithecus
2622:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2547:
2545:Perodicticinae
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2439:
2428:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2328:
2322:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2220:
2218:Djebelemuridae
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2197:Algeripithecus
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2162:
2159:Mescalerolemur
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1918:Marcgodinotius
1914:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1618:Plesiopithecus
1610:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1470:H. alaotrensis
1465:
1456:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1365:
1361:E. rubriventer
1356:
1347:
1338:
1334:E. cinereiceps
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1128:External links
1126:
1123:
1122:
1108:
1082:
1059:
1032:(3): 486–499.
1015:
956:
932:
925:
907:
888:
869:
842:(2): 167–173.
826:
799:(3): 776–792.
779:
758:(5): 772–791.
738:
731:
710:
691:
676:
641:
626:
606:Prolemur simus
588:
562:
528:Prolemur simus
509:
508:
506:
503:
495:slash and burn
482:
479:
463:
460:
459:
458:
451:
449:
442:
440:
433:
431:
424:
416:
413:
392:
389:
375:
372:
366:
363:
306:
303:
264:
263:
262:
261:
259:Standing, 1905
250:
249:
243:
242:
235:
234:
226:
225:
219:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
77:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3219:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Bamboo lemurs
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2867:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2826:Archaeoindris
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2769:Hadropithecus
2766:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:Nycticeboides
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:Sciurocheirus
2440:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:Caenopithecus
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2032:Sivaladapinae
2029:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1991:Hoanghoniinae
1988:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Sivaladapidae
1926:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:Pronycticebus
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:Mazateronodon
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1751:Cercamoniidae
1745:
1739:
1738:
1737:Palaeohodites
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:Strepsirrhini
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:Strepsirrhini
1584:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:Strepsirrhini
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1370:E. flavifrons
1366:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1269:Black lemur (
1267:
1266:
1264:
1259:(True lemurs)
1254:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:Strepsirrhini
1214:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
957:
952:
948:
947:
939:
937:
933:
928:
922:
918:
911:
908:
903:
899:
892:
889:
884:
880:
873:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
786:
784:
780:
775:
771:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
739:
734:
728:
724:
720:
719:Groves, C. P.
714:
711:
706:
702:
695:
692:
687:
683:
679:
677:0-801-88221-4
673:
669:
668:
663:
662:Wilson, D. E.
659:
657:
651:
650:Groves, C. P.
645:
642:
637:
633:
629:
627:0-801-88221-4
623:
619:
618:
613:
612:Wilson, D. E.
609:
607:
601:
600:Groves, C. P.
595:
593:
589:
576:
572:
566:
563:
550:
545:
541:
537:
536:
531:
529:
519:
517:
515:
511:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
491:IUCN Red List
488:
480:
478:
475:
471:
470:
461:
455:
450:
446:
441:
437:
432:
428:
423:
421:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
390:
388:
385:
381:
373:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
349:is sister to
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
304:
302:
300:
296:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
257:
254:
253:
251:
248:
244:
241:
240:H. simus
236:
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
196:H. simus
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:Strepsirrhini
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
86:
80:
75:
69:
64:
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3197:EDGE species
2912:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2767:
2762:Archaeolemur
2760:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2667:Cheirogaleus
2665:
2658:
2638:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2600:
2566:
2561:Perodicticus
2559:
2552:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2508:
2488:
2478:
2451:
2441:
2435:Saharagalago
2433:
2423:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2347:Saharagalago
2345:
2334:
2306:Lemuriformes
2260:Lemuriformes
2247:
2240:
2232:
2225:
2202:
2195:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1980:Yunnanadapis
1978:
1971:
1964:
1959:Kyitchaungia
1957:
1952:Guangxilemur
1950:
1943:
1916:
1909:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1788:Donrussellia
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1735:
1728:
1723:Gatanthropus
1721:
1714:
1707:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1665:Hesperolemur
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:Notharctidae
1626:
1616:
1500:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1442:
1422:
1410:
1402:V. variegata
1401:
1381:
1369:
1360:
1352:E. coronatus
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1307:E. rufifrons
1306:
1298:E. albifrons
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1114:the original
1095:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1062:
1029:
1025:
1018:
973:
970:BMC Genomics
969:
959:
950:
944:
916:
910:
901:
897:
891:
882:
878:
872:
839:
835:
829:
796:
792:
755:
751:
741:
722:
713:
704:
694:
666:
655:
644:
616:
605:
579:. Retrieved
574:
565:
553:. Retrieved
539:
533:
527:
486:
484:
467:
465:
418:
394:
377:
368:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:resurrected
335:Colin Groves
330:
326:
318:
310:
308:
283:
279:
274:
273:
269:
267:
255:
239:
213:
211:
195:
194:
182:
18:
3017:iNaturalist
2937:Wikispecies
2883:Adapiformes
2803:Propithecus
2619:Megaladapis
2602:Daubentonia
2568:Pseudopotto
2480:Mioeuoticus
2131:Europolemur
2069:Sivaladapis
2055:Siamoadapis
2000:Hoanghonius
1973:Paukkaungia
1945:Anthradapis
1902:Asiadapidae
1888:Palaeolemur
1881:Microadapis
1860:Cryptadapis
1830:Protoadapis
1816:Periconodon
1686:Smilodectes
1628:Sulaimanius
1325:E. collaris
1314:Red lemur (
1289:E. sanfordi
946:Smithsonian
577:. UNEP-WCMC
555:19 November
365:Description
345:, and that
327:Lemur catta
3156:Categories
2881:See also:
2732:Pachylemur
2674:Microcebus
2588:Lemuroidea
2554:Arctocebus
2527:Nycticebus
2415:Paragalago
2381:Galagoides
2319:Lorisoidea
2269:see below↓
2249:Shizarodon
2227:Djebelemur
2152:Masradapis
2110:Aframonius
2062:Sinoadapis
2041:Indraloris
1874:Magnadapis
1867:Leptadapis
1767:Anchomomys
1709:Bugtilemur
1672:Notharctus
1443:H. griseus
1215:Suborder:
976:(1): 445.
879:Lemur News
732:156098872X
505:References
405:Ranomafana
397:Madagascar
299:Madagascar
221:J. E. Gray
158:Suborder:
81:Appendix I
2833:Babakotia
2780:Indriidae
2715:Hapalemur
2699:Lemuridae
2660:Allocebus
2609:Lepilemur
2501:Lorisinae
2490:Namaloris
2464:Lorisidae
2453:Wadilemur
2425:Progalago
2358:Galagidae
2336:Karanisia
2234:Notnamaia
2188:Azibiidae
2173:Notnamaia
2166:Namadapis
2145:Mahgarita
2138:Godinotia
2124:Darwinius
2103:Afradapis
2096:Adapoides
2048:Ramadapis
2014:Rencunius
1911:Asiadapis
1679:Pelycodus
1658:Copelemur
1553:Kingdom:
1479:H. aureus
1424:Hapalemur
1343:E. mongoz
1280:E. fulvus
1271:E. macaco
1191:Kingdom:
1181:Lemuridae
1046:0164-0291
992:1471-2164
813:0164-0291
604:"Species
374:Predators
359:Hapalemur
351:Hapalemur
343:Hapalemur
333:species,
331:Hapalemur
190:Species:
183:Hapalemur
172:Lemuridae
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
3134:Species+
3074:12100058
2922:Wikidata
2640:Propotto
2408:Otolemur
2401:Laetolia
2367:Euoticus
2242:Omanodon
2021:Wailekia
1844:Adapidae
1809:Panobius
1802:Nievesia
1774:Barnesia
1760:Agerinia
1573:Primates
1567:Mammalia
1561:Chordata
1559:Phylum:
1555:Animalia
1502:Category
1488:H. simus
1411:V. rubra
1316:E. rufus
1239:L. catta
1211:Primates
1205:Mammalia
1199:Chordata
1197:Phylum:
1193:Animalia
1054:14975585
1010:29884119
904:: 47–52.
885:: 16–17.
856:26860934
836:Primates
821:32431392
774:27113475
721:(2001).
686:62265494
656:Prolemur
652:(2005).
636:62265494
602:(2005).
581:18 March
415:Behavior
401:Ankarana
339:Prolemur
305:Taxonomy
282:and the
256:gallieni
247:Synonyms
168:Family:
152:Primates
142:Mammalia
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
3113:3607543
3087:1328070
3061:1001009
3009:4266938
2928:Q969373
2739:Varecia
2708:Eulemur
2204:Azibius
2007:Lushius
1966:Laomaki
1781:Buxella
1651:Cantius
1571:Order:
1565:Class:
1383:Varecia
1252:Eulemur
1209:Order:
1203:Class:
1001:5994045
864:8025412
654:"Genus
474:cyanide
391:Habitat
384:raptors
295:endemic
288:species
286:, is a
178:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
66: (
3126:385073
3100:201130
3035:944072
2983:666137
2965:ARKive
2688:Phaner
2374:Galago
1853:Adapis
1106:
1075:1 June
1052:
1044:
1008:
998:
990:
923:
862:
854:
819:
811:
772:
729:
684:
674:
634:
624:
223:, 1871
3022:74956
2996:4MRRG
2796:Indri
2789:Avahi
2722:Lemur
2681:Mirza
2510:Loris
2391:Komba
1228:Lemur
1117:(PDF)
1100:(PDF)
1050:S2CID
860:S2CID
817:S2CID
660:. In
610:. In
575:CITES
380:fossa
355:simus
347:Lemur
292:lemur
85:CITES
79:CITES
3139:3598
3082:NCBI
3048:9674
3043:IUCN
3030:ITIS
3004:GBIF
2978:BOLD
1104:ISBN
1077:2012
1042:ISSN
1006:PMID
988:ISSN
921:ISBN
852:PMID
809:ISSN
770:PMID
727:ISBN
682:OCLC
672:ISBN
632:OCLC
622:ISBN
583:2015
557:2021
540:2020
462:Diet
407:and
268:The
3069:MSW
3056:MDD
2991:CoL
2952:ADW
1034:doi
996:PMC
978:doi
844:doi
801:doi
760:doi
544:doi
501:."
313:by
290:of
38:In
3158::
3136::
3123::
3110::
3097::
3084::
3071::
3058::
3045::
3032::
3019::
3006::
2993::
2980::
2967::
2954::
2939::
2924::
1048:.
1040:.
1030:34
1028:.
1004:.
994:.
986:.
974:19
972:.
968:.
951:37
949:.
935:^
902:16
900:.
881:.
858:.
850:.
840:57
838:.
815:.
807:.
797:32
795:.
782:^
768:.
756:65
754:.
750:.
703:.
680:.
630:.
591:^
573:.
538:.
532:.
513:^
411:.
361:.
353:+
301:.
2814:†
2750:†
2728:†
2636:†
2632:?
2625:†
2615:†
2516:†
2486:†
2476:†
2449:†
2438:?
2431:†
2421:†
2397:†
2387:†
2343:†
2339:?
2332:†
2237:?
2215:†
2185:†
2176:?
2084:†
1929:†
1899:†
1841:†
1748:†
1697:†
1639:†
1624:†
1614:†
1535:e
1528:t
1521:v
1490:)
1481:)
1472:)
1463:)
1454:)
1445:)
1413:)
1404:)
1372:)
1363:)
1354:)
1345:)
1336:)
1327:)
1318:)
1309:)
1300:)
1291:)
1282:)
1273:)
1241:)
1172:e
1165:t
1158:v
1079:.
1056:.
1036::
1012:.
980::
929:.
883:2
866:.
846::
823:.
803::
776:.
762::
735:.
707:.
688:.
658:"
638:.
608:"
585:.
559:.
546::
530:"
526:"
325:(
272:(
87:)
70:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.