515:
178:, with other renewables producing just 0.5% of electricity. Coal usage has been increasing, overtaking natural gas usage in 2010. The percentage produced by natural gas has decreased from 57% in 1995, when coal produced only 9%. Most coal is imported, due to the high costs of mining domestic deposits. Much of this change is due to the amount of natural gas being used deliberately being maintained at its 2000 levels, leaving further demand to be taken up by coal as part of diversification. Natural gas production continued to increase, but was diverted to exports. At one point oil was a significant fuel for electricity generation, producing 21% of electricity in 1995, but as oil prices rose this decreased to 2% in 2010 and 0.6% in 2017.
31:
117:
152:
387:
284:
301:
1913:
2754:
2778:
1935:
2766:
256:
1924:
948:
Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon,
369:
between 3.3 millimetres (0.13 in) and 5 millimetres (0.20 in) annually, depending on location. In the future, sea levels are expected to rise 0.4–0.7m, with East
Malaysia being particularly vulnerable. Coastal agricultural areas are a noted area of risk, and current mangrove habitats may
356:
events, is a present and growing risk. With no action taken, under a high emissions scenario floods may affect an average of 234,500 people annually between 2070 and 2100. Extreme rainfall events may deposit up to 32% more rain in 2090. In 2010, around 130,000 people in the country were exposed to
322:
are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Currently, a period of three days at the extreme high of expected temperatures has a 2% probability of occurring. Under high emissions scenarios, this will increase to 93%, reflecting the overall higher temperatures. Such high temperatures will
411:
Warming seas and changing weather patterns are affecting fish stocks and making fishing more dangerous. Communities most exposed to the impact of climate change are poorer, including those involved in manual labour, agriculture, and fisheries. The impacts of climate change are thus expected to
351:
may see more water than they do at present. Rainfall is expected to increase, and more so in East
Malaysia than Peninsular Malaysia. The precise magnitude of the increase varies between predictions, and between potential emissions scenarios. Under the scenarios predicting high levels of global
357:
potential 1-in-25-year flood events. Under high emissions, this will increase to 200,000 by 2030. Even in low emission scenarios, 1-in-100-year events are expected to become 1-in-25-year occurrences. Ecosystem degradation and the spread of urban areas have weakened natural flood resilience.
542:
in 2002. A National Policy on
Climate Change was enacted in 2009, along with a National Renewable Energy Policy. Around this time Malaysia pledged a 40% reduction in carbon intensity by 2020 compared to 2005, and the Renewable Energy Act was adopted in 2011 alongside the Sustainable Energy
973:
Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris
Climate
317:
Temperatures rose by 0.14–0.25 °C per decade from 1970 to 2013. By 2090, they are projected to rise between an additional 0.8 °C and 3.11 °C depending on global emissions. There is little expected seasonal variation for temperature increase. However,
404:. Rice yields may decline by 60%. Other potentially impacted products include rubber, palm oil, and cocoa. Annual drought probability, which currently lies at 4%, may increase to 9%. Such probability varies by locality, being most likely in
331:, which can already reach temperatures 4–6 °C (39–43 °F) higher than surrounding areas. Annual heat-related deaths among the elderly may go from less than 1 per 100,000 to 45 per 100,000 in high-emission scenarios.
572:
by 2025. Hydropower had grown from 5% of the energy mix in 2010 to 17% in 2017, matching much of the increased demand during that time. Solar power has become more used as its price has decreased, such as along the
514:
550:. Renewable energy became more prominent in the 21st century, becoming part of official policy in the 2016–2020 Eleventh Malaysia Plan, alongside the 2016–2025 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan.
1177:
1102:
2410:
335:
is another expected effect, which will have both environmental and economic impacts. Rising temperatures has meant few to no male turtles are now being born in
Peninsular Malaysia.
1267:
535:
196:. Despite the recent increase in coal use, no new coal capacity is expected under current plans, which instead target natural gas, and to a lesser extent solar and hydropower. CO
144:
equivalent emissions made up 26% of the national total. This was followed by the transport sector with 36 Mt, or 16%. Other estimates put the energy sector as producing 55% of CO
1892:
162:
remain the primary fuel for electricity generation. Demand for electricity grew 64% in the decade prior to 2017. In 2017, over 44% of electricity was produced from burning
1666:
1452:
1014:, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario.
2074:
561:. An Intended Nationally Determined Contribution had previously been submitted on 27 November 2015. The Second National Communication to the UNFCCC emphasises improved
1319:
2223:
875:
1031:
1214:
2803:
1971:
1769:
270:
on natural resources are expected to be exacerbated. Natural disasters already cause around $ 1.3 billion in damage annually, mostly due to flooding.
2099:
2344:
2183:
1897:
1127:
2563:
1052:
1152:
997:
676:
Siti
Norasyiqin Abdul Latif; Meng Soon Chiong; Srithar Rajoo; Asako Takada; Yoon-Young Chun; Kiyotaka Tahara; Yasuyuki Ikegami (15 April 2021).
1840:
1077:
574:
343:
A reliance on surface water leaves
Malaysia vulnerable to precipitation changes, however models do not show significant expected changes, and
2334:
2126:
2034:
1850:
598:
431:
2059:
69:
may inundate some coastal areas. These impacts are expected to have numerous environmental and socioeconomic effects, exacerbating existing
2094:
2084:
1814:
307:
1206:
2798:
1568:
483:. The government states it has invested in the health service in anticipation of an expected 144% increase in the population at risk of
30:
2496:
2415:
2208:
558:
2591:
2188:
1779:
1686:
1011:
454:
1018:
predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.
352:
emissions, the increase is expected to be around 12% above the current 2,732 millimetres (107.6 in). Flooding, exacerbated by
2161:
593:
289:
267:
70:
2405:
2228:
2064:
1528:
1305:
232:
2425:
1661:
1467:
390:
218:
239:
production, is also a major contributor to the country's greenhouse gas emissions. A 2016 study estimated deforestation and
116:
1010:"The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can.
464:
credits stalled in 2022 amid local opposition following a lack of consultation and questions as to where profits would go.
2518:
2513:
2279:
2233:
2203:
2131:
2030:
2000:
1964:
1845:
1691:
1676:
1591:
1472:
1312:
74:
2744:
2459:
2121:
1876:
1871:
1651:
1601:
1596:
1437:
1422:
1397:
2636:
2553:
2445:
2314:
2193:
2089:
1830:
1696:
1621:
1558:
1543:
1533:
1513:
608:
2339:
2264:
2218:
2176:
1706:
1681:
1606:
1563:
1548:
1497:
1482:
1392:
1387:
1372:
421:
1053:"Malaysia's 'once in 100 years' flood exposes reality of climate change, better disaster planning needed: Experts"
2387:
2375:
2198:
2166:
1927:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1716:
1573:
1538:
1487:
1462:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1417:
1412:
1382:
1367:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1286:
569:
562:
434:
predicted in 2014 that
Malaysia might reach just over 50% of its electricity production from renewables by 2030.
425:
228:
222:
137:
2717:
2667:
2543:
2486:
2440:
2392:
2380:
2294:
2269:
2156:
1957:
1855:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1726:
1711:
1701:
1646:
1636:
1553:
1523:
1518:
1492:
1427:
1359:
1338:
133:
408:. Overall, precipitation changes will have a more significant impact on agriculture than temperature changes.
386:
2528:
2370:
2146:
1916:
1804:
1774:
1671:
1641:
1616:
1611:
1477:
1407:
1402:
1377:
1278:
678:"The Trend and Status of Energy Resources and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Malaysia Power Generation Mix"
397:
151:
2677:
2506:
2481:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2299:
2284:
1835:
1631:
1626:
1583:
1015:
480:
101:
2758:
2558:
2523:
2491:
2435:
2304:
2274:
2136:
2109:
2069:
442:
1128:"12th Malaysia Plan: What you need to know about the 2050 carbon neutral goal and other green measures"
1934:
2611:
2606:
2548:
2471:
2247:
2171:
2044:
2005:
987:
912:
783:
726:
603:
207:
emissions decreased from 2010 to 2017, during a period of hydropower expansion, while the growth in
17:
2710:
2703:
2578:
2538:
2430:
2358:
2259:
2213:
1992:
1984:
496:
476:
446:
263:
Malaysia has experienced warming and rainfall irregularities particularly in the last two decades.
35:
2596:
2533:
2501:
2054:
2010:
807:
771:
752:
472:
401:
104:
anticipates the need to adapt in areas such as health and coastal defences, and has ratified the
62:
1225:
283:
300:
2726:
2641:
2626:
2621:
2601:
2568:
2476:
2397:
2049:
992:
930:
799:
744:
506:
would greatly reduce the impact of sea level rise on coastal communities within this century.
438:
324:
2672:
2289:
962:
920:
791:
734:
730:
689:
643:
171:
27:
Impact of global warming on the south-east Asian country and mitigating and adaptating to it
2782:
2731:
2631:
2616:
2309:
2079:
967:
950:
554:
547:
353:
332:
240:
105:
1938:
916:
787:
739:
710:
2770:
2420:
2025:
2020:
1328:
1233:
772:"Climate change in Malaysia: Trends, contributors, impacts, mitigation and adaptations"
539:
450:
366:
236:
66:
42:
2792:
2657:
2586:
2141:
2039:
2015:
1258:
756:
461:
185:
54:
949:
Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022).
811:
795:
2683:
584:
Emission data collected by the
Department of Environment is not publicly released.
328:
1241:
519:
167:
159:
93:
85:
951:"Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic"
925:
900:
677:
523:
375:
374:, which themselves may be increased in intensity. This brings risk to current
255:
181:
175:
89:
1153:"Malaysian officials dampen prospects for giant, secret carbon deal in Sabah"
748:
92:
has expanded in the 21st century, and other potential energy sources such as
1297:
1237:
934:
803:
546:
In the late 20th century, energy policy centred around diversification for
412:
reinforce existing inequality, both in impact and in the ability to adapt.
2662:
1980:
1253:
1032:"Turtles swimming to extinction in Malaysia as male hatchlings feel heat"
492:
344:
319:
125:
50:
46:
694:
578:
484:
371:
121:
97:
58:
49:. Increasing temperatures are likely to greatly increase the number of
1273:. Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia. 28 February 2012.
1078:"Climate change pushes Malaysia's coastal fishermen away from the sea"
1290:
488:
348:
193:
1949:
155:
Breakdown of energy consumption by source in
Malaysia, 1965 to 2020.
1178:"Malaysia's Update of its First Nationally Determined Contribution"
457:, and introduce a blue economic blueprint for coastal development.
80:
Malaysia itself contributes emissions given its significant use of
527:
513:
503:
405:
385:
254:
189:
150:
115:
29:
163:
81:
1953:
1301:
1108:. International Renewable Energy Agency. June 2014. p. 84
243:
between 2010 and 2015 contributed to 22.1 million Mg annual CO
460:
An attempt to sell 2 million hectares of forest in Sabah as
1207:"Southeast Asia coal consumption by country, 2010 and 2019"
370:
disappear by 2060. Such a rise will increase the impact of
310:. Mid-range scenarios are currently considered more likely
901:"Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading"
715:
emission in Peninsular Malaysia using Palsar imageries"
437:
In 2021, the government announced the goal of reaching
719:
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
2742:
536:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
644:"Climate and Health Country Profile – 2015 Malaysia"
2650:
2577:
2458:
2357:
2246:
2108:
1991:
1885:
1864:
1823:
1725:
1582:
1506:
1358:
1228:. World Bank Group Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
709:Hamdan, O; Rahman, K Abd; Samsudin, M (June 2016).
568:In 2018, the government announced a target for 20%
1220:. International Energy Agency (IEA). October 2019.
899:Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020).
874:World Bank Group; Asian Development Bank (2021).
393:were linked to climate change by several experts.
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
557:on 16 November 2016, while submitting its first
132:As of 2000, the largest sectoral contributor to
876:"Climate Risk Country Profile: Malaysia (2021)"
1965:
1313:
8:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
2464:
2363:
2252:
2114:
1972:
1958:
1950:
1320:
1306:
1298:
955:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
518:Malaysian Energy and Environment Minister
966:
924:
738:
711:"Quantifying rate of deforestation and CO
693:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
140:, whose 58 million tonnes (Mt) of CO
1279:"National Energy Efficiency Action Plan"
308:the most intense climate change scenario
210:
203:
2749:
620:
1000:from the original on 20 September 2023
770:Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel (February 2019).
502:Adaptation measures such as improving
400:is further threatened by droughts and
968:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847
599:Plug-in electric vehicles in Malaysia
432:International Renewable Energy Agency
7:
2411:States and municipalities by exports
2100:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
1923:
1215:"Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2019"
1209:. International Energy Agency (IEA).
1151:Cannon, John C. (10 February 2022).
188:, although potential also exists in
148:emissions in 2011, and 46% in 2013.
18:Greenhouse gas emissions by Malaysia
451:not build any new coal power plants
45:is having a considerable impact in
559:Nationally Determined Contribution
53:occurring annually. Variations in
38:in Malaysia between 1901 and 2021.
25:
1287:"Documents submitted by Malaysia"
1012:The Australian Academy of Science
646:. World Health Organization. 2015
2804:Environmental issues in Malaysia
2776:
2764:
2752:
2060:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1933:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1281:. Prime Minister’s Office. 2015.
986:Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022).
776:Science of the Total Environment
594:Environmental issues in Malaysia
299:
282:
1242:"Malaysia: CO2 Country Profile"
796:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316
577:. There is growing interest in
455:electric vehicle infrastructure
1268:"The Renewable Energy Roadmap"
522:meeting US Secretary of State
475:measures were included in the
449:also said that Malaysia would
292:map for Malaysia for 1980–2016
221:are related to high levels of
219:Short-lived climate pollutants
57:may increase the frequency of
1:
2031:Japanese occupation of Malaya
1030:Patrick Lee (22 April 2024).
740:10.1088/1755-1315/37/1/012028
391:Major floods in December 2021
290:Köppen climate classification
2345:State legislative assemblies
2065:Sarawak communist insurgency
1076:Patrick Lee (7 March 2024).
487:, and expected increases in
174:came almost completely from
2564:Water supply and sanitation
2090:1997 Asian financial crisis
988:"Explainer: IPCC Scenarios"
609:Climate change in Indonesia
543:Development Authority Act.
170:. The 17% produced through
2820:
2799:Climate change in Malaysia
2127:Cities, towns and villages
2085:1988 constitutional crisis
1226:"Malaysia Country Summary"
926:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3
422:Malaysian Green Transition
419:
339:Precipitation and flooding
2697:
2467:
2366:
2255:
2117:
1906:
1336:
1254:"CO2 Emissions: Malaysia"
581:from agricultural waste.
563:Water resource management
426:Energy policy of Malaysia
2617:Malay ethnic nationalism
2075:Second Malayan Emergency
1339:Greenhouse gas emissions
134:greenhouse gas emissions
100:are being explored. The
65:in various local areas.
731:2016E&ES...37a2028H
481:Eleventh Malaysia Plans
268:environmental pressures
2416:Science and technology
1893:Small island countries
1016:Climate Action Tracker
575:North–South Expressway
553:Malaysia ratified the
534:Malaysia ratified the
531:
394:
260:
156:
129:
88:. However, the use of
39:
2070:Singapore in Malaysia
517:
443:Twelfth Malaysia Plan
420:Further information:
389:
258:
154:
119:
33:
2446:World Bank Relations
2184:World Heritage Sites
2162:environmental issues
2045:Federation of Malaya
604:Langkawi Declaration
306:2071–2100 map under
71:environmental issues
2214:Peninsular Malaysia
917:2020Natur.577..618H
788:2019ScTEn.650.1858T
782:(Pt 2): 1858–1871.
497:waterborne diseases
447:Ismail Sabri Yaakob
365:From 1993 to 2015,
274:Temperature changes
231:, particularly for
184:is concentrated in
36:temperature anomaly
2534:Malaysian diaspora
2426:Telecommunications
2055:Malaysia Agreement
2011:Portuguese Malacca
695:10.3390/en14082200
532:
473:Climate resilience
439:net zero emissions
395:
378:in coastal areas.
325:urban heat islands
261:
215:emissions slowed.
157:
130:
40:
2740:
2739:
2693:
2692:
2519:Income inequality
2514:Human trafficking
2454:
2453:
2353:
2352:
2335:Political parties
2280:Foreign relations
2242:
2241:
2050:Malayan Emergency
1947:
1946:
1928:Wikimedia Commons
1569:the United States
1246:Our World in Data
538:in 1994, and the
445:. Prime Minister
382:Impacts on people
259:Mangroves in Bako
225:in major cities.
16:(Redirected from
2811:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2465:
2401:
2364:
2253:
2115:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1841:Marshall Islands
1322:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1249:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1007:
1005:
983:
977:
976:
970:
945:
939:
938:
928:
911:(7792): 618–20.
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
880:
871:
816:
815:
767:
761:
760:
742:
706:
700:
699:
697:
673:
656:
655:
653:
651:
640:
570:renewable energy
354:extreme rainfall
323:worsen existing
303:
286:
214:
206:
172:renewable energy
73:and reinforcing
21:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2689:
2646:
2637:Public holidays
2573:
2554:Sex trafficking
2450:
2399:
2349:
2315:Law enforcement
2238:
2104:
2080:13 May incident
1987:
1978:
1948:
1943:
1902:
1881:
1860:
1851:Solomon Islands
1819:
1780:the Netherlands
1721:
1687:the Philippines
1578:
1502:
1354:
1353:in each country
1332:
1326:
1285:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1252:
1240:(11 May 2020).
1234:Ritchie, Hannah
1232:
1224:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1003:
1001:
985:
984:
980:
947:
946:
942:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
878:
873:
872:
819:
769:
768:
764:
714:
708:
707:
703:
675:
674:
659:
649:
647:
642:
641:
622:
617:
590:
555:Paris Agreement
548:energy security
512:
470:
453:, would expand
441:by 2050 in the
428:
418:
384:
367:sea levels rose
363:
341:
333:Coral bleaching
315:
314:
313:
312:
311:
304:
295:
294:
293:
287:
276:
253:
246:
241:land use change
212:
208:
205:
201:
199:
166:, and 38% from
147:
143:
124:power plant in
114:
106:Paris Agreement
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2759:Climate change
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2675:
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2317:
2312:
2307:
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2297:
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2277:
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2267:
2265:Shadow Cabinet
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
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2240:
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2237:
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2226:
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2216:
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2209:National parks
2206:
2201:
2196:
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2174:
2169:
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2159:
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2152:climate change
2144:
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2097:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2028:
2026:British Borneo
2023:
2021:British Malaya
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1979:
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1969:
1962:
1954:
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1930:
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1907:
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1895:
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1874:
1868:
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1812:
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1329:Climate change
1327:
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1317:
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1200:External links
1198:
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540:Kyoto Protocol
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67:Sea level rise
43:Climate change
34:Graph showing
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2165:
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2143:
2142:East Malaysia
2140:
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2135:
2133:
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2123:
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2119:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
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2063:
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2040:Malayan Union
2038:
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2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Dutch Malacca
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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1920:
1918:
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1890:
1888:
1886:Other regions
1884:
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1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
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1865:Polar regions
1863:
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1852:
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1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:the Caribbean
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
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1424:
1421:
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1357:
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1348:
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1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1259:Climate Trace
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1058:
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1019:
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999:
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989:
982:
979:
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964:
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944:
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927:
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902:
895:
892:
877:
870:
868:
866:
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862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
736:
732:
728:
725:(1): 012028.
724:
720:
716:
705:
702:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
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621:
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549:
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541:
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529:
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516:
509:
507:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
467:
465:
463:
462:carbon offset
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
427:
423:
415:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
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309:
302:
291:
285:
273:
271:
269:
264:
257:
250:
248:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Deforestation
226:
224:
223:air pollution
220:
216:
195:
191:
187:
186:East Malaysia
183:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
149:
139:
138:energy sector
135:
127:
123:
118:
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:precipitation
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
2718:Bibliography
2684:Rukun Negara
2682:
2592:Architecture
2544:Prostitution
2487:Demographics
2381:Central bank
2295:Human rights
2270:Constitution
2157:conservation
2151:
2095:1MDB scandal
1662:the Maldives
1656:
1507:the Americas
1468:South Africa
1453:North Africa
1257:
1245:
1185:. Retrieved
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1103:"REmap 2030"
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1025:
1009:
1004:30 September
1002:. Retrieved
991:
981:
974:Agreement...
972:
958:
954:
943:
908:
904:
894:
882:. Retrieved
779:
775:
765:
722:
718:
704:
685:
681:
648:. Retrieved
583:
567:
552:
545:
533:
501:
471:
459:
436:
429:
410:
396:
364:
342:
329:Kuala Lumpur
316:
265:
262:
227:
217:
180:
160:Fossil fuels
158:
131:
79:
41:
2371:Agriculture
2229:Earthquakes
2147:Environment
2006:Prehistoric
1846:New Zealand
1692:South Korea
1677:North Korea
1667:Middle East
1592:Afghanistan
1473:South Sudan
1162:24 February
961:: 343–371.
688:(8): 2200.
520:Wan Junaidi
398:Agriculture
247:emissions.
168:natural gas
94:solar power
86:natural gas
2793:Categories
2612:Literature
2507:Healthcare
2482:Corruption
2400:(currency)
2330:Parliament
2325:Monarchies
2300:Censorship
2285:Government
1939:Wiktionary
1877:the Arctic
1872:Antarctica
1652:Kyrgyzstan
1602:Bangladesh
1597:Azerbaijan
1438:Mozambique
1423:Madagascar
1398:the Gambia
1351:adaptation
1347:mitigation
1331:by country
1238:Roser, Max
1187:14 October
1137:2021-11-19
1062:2022-06-12
884:14 October
650:17 October
615:References
524:John Kerry
468:Adaptation
416:Mitigation
376:ecotourism
182:Hydropower
176:hydropower
102:government
90:hydropower
75:inequality
2559:Squatting
2524:Languages
2492:Education
2436:Transport
2305:Judiciary
2275:Elections
2234:Volcanoes
2204:Mountains
2137:Divisions
2132:Districts
2110:Geography
1831:Australia
1697:Sri Lanka
1622:Indonesia
1559:Nicaragua
1544:Guatemala
1534:Greenland
1514:Argentina
1112:9 October
1082:Aljazeera
757:132695025
749:1755-1307
493:diarrhoea
320:heatwaves
266:Existing
112:Emissions
51:heatwaves
2783:Malaysia
2727:Category
2607:Folklore
2549:Religion
2472:Abortion
2398:Ringgit
2320:Military
2248:Politics
2172:wildlife
2001:Timeline
1985:articles
1981:Malaysia
1917:Category
1707:Thailand
1682:Pakistan
1657:Malaysia
1607:Cambodia
1564:Suriname
1549:Honduras
1498:Zimbabwe
1483:Tanzania
1393:Ethiopia
1388:Eswatini
1373:Botswana
1183:. UNFCCC
1157:Mongabay
1087:18 April
1037:26 April
998:Archived
935:31996825
812:52923311
804:30290336
682:Energies
588:See also
510:Policies
372:typhoons
345:Kelantan
327:such as
233:palm oil
136:was the
126:Sandakan
59:droughts
47:Malaysia
2771:Ecology
2745:Portals
2704:Outline
2651:Symbols
2602:Cuisine
2579:Culture
2539:Poverty
2460:Society
2431:Tourism
2359:Economy
2260:Cabinet
2194:Islands
2122:Borders
1993:History
1898:Tropics
1824:Oceania
1770:Ireland
1760:Germany
1750:Finland
1740:Belgium
1735:Austria
1717:Vietnam
1574:Uruguay
1539:Grenada
1488:Tunisia
1463:Somalia
1458:Senegal
1448:Nigeria
1443:Namibia
1433:Morocco
1418:Liberia
1413:Lesotho
1383:Eritrea
1368:Algeria
1343:impacts
913:Bibcode
784:Bibcode
727:Bibcode
579:biomass
485:malaria
251:Impacts
122:biomass
98:biomass
2732:Portal
2678:Flower
2668:Emblem
2663:Anthem
2658:Animal
2597:Cinema
2502:Health
2441:Unions
2388:Energy
2224:States
2219:Rivers
2177:plants
2035:Borneo
1983:
1932:
1921:
1910:
1856:Tuvalu
1810:Sweden
1800:Turkey
1795:Russia
1790:Poland
1785:Norway
1765:Greece
1755:France
1745:Cyprus
1727:Europe
1712:Turkey
1702:Taiwan
1647:Jordan
1637:Israel
1554:Mexico
1524:Canada
1519:Brazil
1493:Uganda
1428:Malawi
1360:Africa
1291:UNFCCC
993:Cosmos
933:
905:Nature
810:
802:
755:
747:
495:, and
489:dengue
402:floods
349:Pahang
194:Pahang
63:floods
2711:Index
2642:Sport
2632:Names
2627:Music
2622:Media
2569:Women
2477:Crime
2376:Banks
2199:Lakes
1805:Spain
1775:Italy
1672:Nepal
1642:Japan
1617:India
1612:China
1478:Sudan
1408:Kenya
1403:Ghana
1378:Egypt
1271:(PDF)
1218:(PDF)
1181:(PDF)
1106:(PDF)
879:(PDF)
808:S2CID
753:S2CID
528:COP21
504:dikes
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