94:
231:
53:
70:
349:
classify these taxa as distinct from the
Hexagrammidae. Placing these two families in their own monotypic superfamilies was originally proposed in 1994 by Gento Shinohara.
988:
1014:
667:
1111:
962:
469:. The front nostril on each side of the snout is well developed but the rear nostril may be absent or if it is there it is merely a small pore. The
1001:
832:
716:
406:
208:
493:
to the North
Pacific Ocean where they are found in the subarctic and temperate regions, with a single species, the whitespotted greenling
309:
within the suborder
Cottoidei of the diverse order Scorpaeniformes. Other workers have found that if the Scorpaeniformes, as delimited in
473:
may have upn to 3 spines, or there may be no spines, and 6 or 7 soft rays. There is no swimbladder. The largest species is the lingcod (
1106:
1101:
1063:
465:
which is notched and contains between 16 and 28 spines and 11 and 30 soft rays. There is a single spine and 5 soft rays in the
677:
503:
to as deep as 600 m (2,000 ft) but most are found in waters of depths of less than 200 m (660 ft) on the
1006:
828:
381:
93:
923:
706:
1019:
635:
1096:
863:
495:
449:
Hexagrammidae have cirrhi but do not have ridges or spines on their heads, They have between one and five
844:
809:
1040:
367:
303:
234:
928:
1068:
949:
910:
759:
663:
631:
420:
170:
534:
Hexagrammidae greenlings are fished for, the coastal species are fished for using hook and line and
295:
275:
1091:
901:
290:
187:
88:
1045:
1027:
936:
787:
712:
672:
603:
504:
481:
of 152 cm (60 in) but typically they are 50 cm (20 in) or less in length.
993:
1055:
1032:
777:
767:
593:
253:
500:
416:
300:
271:
268:
257:
145:
763:
782:
747:
539:
334:
330:
135:
915:
1085:
840:
805:
581:
551:
516:
458:
454:
434:
429:
391:
362:
287:
230:
52:
535:
520:
478:
450:
318:
196:
941:
975:
895:
401:
338:
322:
314:
886:
546:) has become a target of a commercial fishery, while historically the lingcod (
772:
598:
466:
462:
326:
264:
155:
105:
791:
607:
880:
849:
814:
746:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
722:
526:, and they feed on crustaceans, polychaetes, small fishes and fish eggs.
490:
470:
376:
261:
125:
43:
17:
580:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
77:
39:
980:
286:
Hexagrammidae was first proposed as a family in 1888 by the
American
115:
967:
857:
69:
229:
861:
333:
321:. These workers retain the Cottoidei as a suborder within the
954:
643:
California
Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes
357:
Hexagrammidae contains the following subfamilies and genera:
499:, being found in the Arctic Ocean too. They occur from the
705:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
870:
666:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
538:and in the late 20th and early 21st centuries the
299:classifies this family as the only family in the
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
8:
748:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
636:"Family Hexagrammidae Gill 1889 Greenlings"
858:
325:while reclassifying Hexagrammoidea as the
68:
51:
31:
781:
771:
741:
739:
711:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495.
700:
698:
696:
694:
597:
833:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
575:
573:
571:
567:
658:
656:
582:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
558:have been the most targeted species.
7:
668:"Genera in the family Hexagrammidae"
25:
1112:Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
274:. These fishes are found in the
92:
630:Catherine W. Mecklenburg &
477:)which has a maximum published
678:California Academy of Sciences
1:
515:Hexagrammidae greenlings are
317:it renders the Perciformes
1128:
329:Hexagrammales. The family
1107:Fish of the North Pacific
773:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
599:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
313:, is not included in the
221:
216:
202:
195:
89:Scientific classification
87:
76:
67:
59:
50:
34:
1102:Ray-finned fish families
853:. February 2006 version.
843:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
808:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
752:BMC Evolutionary Biology
485:Distribution and habitat
544:Hexagrammas decagrammus
60:Whitespotted greenling
845:"Family Hexagrammidae"
818:. August 2022 version.
810:"Family Hexagrammidae"
353:Subfamilies and genera
242:
1041:Paleobiology Database
664:Eschmeyer, William N.
293:. The 5th edition of
235:Okhotsk atka mackerel
233:
38:Temporal range: Late
632:William N. Eschmeyer
496:Hexagrammos stelleri
461:. There is a single
239:Pleurogrammus azonus
204:Hexagrammus stelleri
62:Hexagrammos stelleri
764:2017BMCEE..17..162B
708:Fishes of the World
343:Fishes of the World
311:Fishes of the World
296:Fishes of the World
276:North Pacific Ocean
475:Ophiodon elongatus
291:David Starr Jordan
243:
82:Ophiodon elongatus
1079:
1078:
1028:Open Tree of Life
864:Taxon identifiers
718:978-1-118-34233-6
673:Catalog of Fishes
519:, except for the
505:continental shelf
489:Hexagrammidae is
438:
424:
410:
396:
385:
371:
260:belonging to the
258:ray-finned fishes
228:
227:
191:
174:
16:(Redirected from
1119:
1072:
1071:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1009:
997:
996:
984:
983:
971:
970:
958:
957:
945:
944:
932:
931:
919:
918:
906:
905:
904:
891:
890:
889:
859:
854:
836:
820:
819:
802:
796:
795:
785:
775:
743:
734:
733:
731:
730:
721:. Archived from
702:
689:
688:
686:
684:
660:
651:
650:
640:
627:
612:
611:
601:
577:
433:
419:
405:
394:
380:
365:
186:
169:
97:
96:
72:
55:
32:
27:Family of fishes
21:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1000:
992:
987:
979:
974:
966:
961:
953:
948:
940:
935:
927:
922:
914:
909:
900:
899:
894:
885:
884:
879:
866:
839:
829:"Hexagrammidae"
827:
824:
823:
804:
803:
799:
745:
744:
737:
728:
726:
719:
704:
703:
692:
682:
680:
662:
661:
654:
638:
629:
628:
615:
579:
578:
569:
564:
532:
517:demersal fishes
513:
501:intertidal zone
487:
447:
445:Characteristics
417:Pleurogramminae
355:
284:
272:Scorpaeniformes
212:
206:
185:
168:
146:Scorpaeniformes
91:
46:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1060:
1050:
1037:
1024:
1011:
998:
985:
972:
959:
946:
933:
920:
907:
892:
876:
874:
868:
867:
862:
856:
855:
841:Froese, Rainer
837:
822:
821:
806:Froese, Rainer
797:
735:
717:
690:
652:
613:
592:(2): 001–230.
566:
565:
563:
560:
552:atka mackerels
540:kelp greenling
531:
528:
512:
509:
486:
483:
459:ctenoid scales
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:
413:
412:
411:
388:
387:
386:
354:
351:
335:Zaniolepidinae
331:Zaniolepididae
307:Hexagrammoidea
283:
280:
226:
225:
219:
218:
214:
213:
207:
200:
199:
193:
192:
180:
176:
175:
166:Hexagrammoidea
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
136:Actinopterygii
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
74:
73:
65:
64:
57:
56:
48:
47:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1124:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Hexagrammidae
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
986:
982:
977:
973:
969:
964:
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
938:
934:
930:
925:
921:
917:
916:Hexagrammidae
912:
908:
903:
902:Hexagrammidae
897:
893:
888:
882:
878:
877:
875:
873:
872:Hexagrammidae
869:
865:
860:
852:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
817:
816:
811:
807:
801:
798:
793:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
740:
736:
725:on 2019-04-08
724:
720:
714:
710:
709:
701:
699:
697:
695:
691:
679:
675:
674:
669:
665:
659:
657:
653:
648:
644:
637:
633:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
576:
574:
572:
568:
561:
559:
557:
556:Pleurogrammus
554:of the genus
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
529:
527:
525:
524:Pleurogrammus
522:
518:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:and may have
452:
451:lateral lines
444:
436:
432:
431:
430:Pleurogrammus
426:
425:
422:
418:
414:
408:
404:
403:
398:
397:
393:
392:Hexagramminae
389:
383:
379:
378:
373:
372:
369:
366:Jordan &
364:
363:Ophiodontinae
360:
359:
358:
352:
350:
348:
345:and Betancur
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
297:
292:
289:
288:ichthyologist
281:
279:
277:
273:
270:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Hexagrammidae
240:
236:
232:
224:
220:
215:
210:
205:
201:
198:
194:
189:
184:
183:Hexagrammidae
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
164:
162:Superfamily:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
35:Hexagrammidae
33:
30:
19:
871:
848:
813:
800:
758:(162): 162.
755:
751:
727:. Retrieved
723:the original
707:
681:. Retrieved
671:
646:
642:
589:
585:
555:
548:O. elongatus
547:
543:
533:
523:
514:
494:
488:
479:total length
474:
448:
428:
400:
395:Jordan, 1888
375:
356:
346:
342:
319:paraphyletic
310:
306:
294:
285:
249:
245:
244:
238:
222:
203:
197:Type species
182:
165:
81:
61:
29:
976:iNaturalist
896:Wikispecies
530:Utilization
402:Hexagrammos
339:Oxylebiinae
323:Perciformes
315:Perciformes
304:superfamily
1086:Categories
729:2022-12-04
683:4 December
562:References
550:) and the
467:pelvic fin
463:dorsal fin
415:Subfamily
390:Subfamily
361:Subfamily
327:infraorder
256:of marine
250:greenlings
152:Suborder:
1092:Cottoidei
421:Rutenberg
301:monotypic
265:Cottoidei
223:see text
171:Shinohara
156:Cottoidei
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
18:Greenling
887:Q1552315
881:Wikidata
850:FishBase
815:FishBase
792:28683774
634:(2003).
608:25543675
471:anal fin
407:Tilesius
377:Ophiodon
282:Taxonomy
262:suborder
209:Tilesius
179:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
44:Holocene
783:5501477
760:Bibcode
586:Zootaxa
521:pelagic
511:Biology
491:endemic
455:cycloid
368:Gilbert
267:in the
252:, is a
217:Genera
142:Order:
132:Class:
78:Lingcod
40:Miocene
1069:154415
1056:114158
1053:uBio:
1046:266389
1033:441571
1007:167108
994:114345
790:
780:
715:
606:
536:spears
437:, 1861
427:Genus
423:, 1954
409:, 1810
399:Genus
384:, 1854
382:Girard
374:Genus
370:, 1883
341:, but
254:family
248:, the
211:, 1810
190:, 1888
188:Jordan
173:, 1994
1064:WoRMS
1020:30983
989:IRMNG
981:48454
639:(PDF)
347:et al
269:order
1015:NCBI
1002:ITIS
968:8626
963:GBIF
955:5138
929:1301
924:BOLD
788:PMID
713:ISBN
685:2022
604:PMID
590:3882
435:Gill
337:and
950:EoL
942:B22
937:CoL
911:ADW
778:PMC
768:doi
594:doi
457:or
1088::
1066::
1043::
1030::
1017::
1004::
991::
978::
965::
952::
939::
926::
913::
898::
883::
847:.
831:.
812:.
786:.
776:.
766:.
756:17
754:.
750:.
738:^
693:^
676:.
670:.
655:^
645:.
641:.
616:^
602:.
588:.
584:.
570:^
507:.
278:.
80:,
835:.
794:.
770::
762::
732:.
687:.
649:.
647:2
610:.
596::
542:(
241:)
237:(
42:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
