83:
220:
42:
59:
338:
classify these taxa as distinct from the
Hexagrammidae. Placing these two families in their own monotypic superfamilies was originally proposed in 1994 by Gento Shinohara.
977:
1003:
656:
1100:
951:
458:. The front nostril on each side of the snout is well developed but the rear nostril may be absent or if it is there it is merely a small pore. The
990:
821:
705:
395:
197:
482:
to the North
Pacific Ocean where they are found in the subarctic and temperate regions, with a single species, the whitespotted greenling
298:
within the suborder
Cottoidei of the diverse order Scorpaeniformes. Other workers have found that if the Scorpaeniformes, as delimited in
462:
may have upn to 3 spines, or there may be no spines, and 6 or 7 soft rays. There is no swimbladder. The largest species is the lingcod (
1095:
1090:
1052:
454:
which is notched and contains between 16 and 28 spines and 11 and 30 soft rays. There is a single spine and 5 soft rays in the
666:
492:
to as deep as 600 m (2,000 ft) but most are found in waters of depths of less than 200 m (660 ft) on the
995:
817:
370:
82:
912:
695:
1008:
624:
1085:
852:
484:
438:
Hexagrammidae have cirrhi but do not have ridges or spines on their heads, They have between one and five
833:
798:
1029:
356:
292:
223:
917:
1057:
938:
899:
748:
652:
620:
409:
159:
523:
Hexagrammidae greenlings are fished for, the coastal species are fished for using hook and line and
284:
264:
1080:
890:
279:
176:
77:
1034:
1016:
925:
776:
701:
661:
592:
493:
470:
of 152 cm (60 in) but typically they are 50 cm (20 in) or less in length.
982:
1044:
1021:
766:
756:
582:
242:
489:
405:
289:
260:
257:
246:
134:
752:
771:
736:
528:
323:
319:
124:
904:
1074:
829:
794:
570:
540:
505:
447:
443:
423:
418:
380:
351:
276:
219:
41:
524:
509:
467:
439:
307:
185:
930:
964:
884:
390:
327:
311:
303:
875:
535:) has become a target of a commercial fishery, while historically the lingcod (
761:
587:
455:
451:
315:
253:
144:
94:
780:
596:
869:
838:
803:
735:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
711:
515:, and they feed on crustaceans, polychaetes, small fishes and fish eggs.
479:
459:
365:
250:
114:
32:
569:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
66:
28:
969:
275:
Hexagrammidae was first proposed as a family in 1888 by the
American
104:
956:
846:
58:
218:
850:
322:
310:. These workers retain the Cottoidei as a suborder within the
943:
632:
California
Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes
346:
Hexagrammidae contains the following subfamilies and genera:
488:, being found in the Arctic Ocean too. They occur from the
694:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
859:
655:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
527:and in the late 20th and early 21st centuries the
288:classifies this family as the only family in the
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
8:
737:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
625:"Family Hexagrammidae Gill 1889 Greenlings"
847:
314:while reclassifying Hexagrammoidea as the
57:
40:
20:
770:
760:
730:
728:
700:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495.
689:
687:
685:
683:
586:
822:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
564:
562:
560:
556:
647:
645:
571:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
547:have been the most targeted species.
7:
657:"Genera in the family Hexagrammidae"
14:
1101:Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
263:. These fishes are found in the
81:
619:Catherine W. Mecklenburg &
466:)which has a maximum published
667:California Academy of Sciences
1:
504:Hexagrammidae greenlings are
306:it renders the Perciformes
1117:
318:Hexagrammales. The family
1096:Fish of the North Pacific
762:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
588:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
302:, is not included in the
210:
205:
191:
184:
78:Scientific classification
76:
65:
56:
48:
39:
23:
1091:Ray-finned fish families
842:. February 2006 version.
832:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
797:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
741:BMC Evolutionary Biology
474:Distribution and habitat
533:Hexagrammas decagrammus
49:Whitespotted greenling
834:"Family Hexagrammidae"
807:. August 2022 version.
799:"Family Hexagrammidae"
342:Subfamilies and genera
231:
1030:Paleobiology Database
653:Eschmeyer, William N.
282:. The 5th edition of
224:Okhotsk atka mackerel
222:
27:Temporal range: Late
621:William N. Eschmeyer
485:Hexagrammos stelleri
450:. There is a single
228:Pleurogrammus azonus
193:Hexagrammus stelleri
51:Hexagrammos stelleri
753:2017BMCEE..17..162B
697:Fishes of the World
332:Fishes of the World
300:Fishes of the World
285:Fishes of the World
265:North Pacific Ocean
464:Ophiodon elongatus
280:David Starr Jordan
232:
71:Ophiodon elongatus
1068:
1067:
1017:Open Tree of Life
853:Taxon identifiers
707:978-1-118-34233-6
662:Catalog of Fishes
508:, except for the
494:continental shelf
478:Hexagrammidae is
427:
413:
399:
385:
374:
360:
249:belonging to the
247:ray-finned fishes
217:
216:
180:
163:
1108:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1011:
999:
998:
986:
985:
973:
972:
960:
959:
947:
946:
934:
933:
921:
920:
908:
907:
895:
894:
893:
880:
879:
878:
848:
843:
825:
809:
808:
791:
785:
784:
774:
764:
732:
723:
722:
720:
719:
710:. Archived from
691:
678:
677:
675:
673:
649:
640:
639:
629:
616:
601:
600:
590:
566:
422:
408:
394:
383:
369:
354:
175:
158:
86:
85:
61:
44:
21:
16:Family of fishes
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1002:
994:
989:
981:
976:
968:
963:
955:
950:
942:
937:
929:
924:
916:
911:
903:
898:
889:
888:
883:
874:
873:
868:
855:
828:
818:"Hexagrammidae"
816:
813:
812:
793:
792:
788:
734:
733:
726:
717:
715:
708:
693:
692:
681:
671:
669:
651:
650:
643:
627:
618:
617:
604:
568:
567:
558:
553:
521:
506:demersal fishes
502:
490:intertidal zone
476:
436:
434:Characteristics
406:Pleurogramminae
344:
273:
261:Scorpaeniformes
201:
195:
174:
157:
135:Scorpaeniformes
80:
35:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
948:
935:
922:
909:
896:
881:
865:
863:
857:
856:
851:
845:
844:
830:Froese, Rainer
826:
811:
810:
795:Froese, Rainer
786:
724:
706:
679:
641:
602:
581:(2): 001–230.
555:
554:
552:
549:
541:atka mackerels
529:kelp greenling
520:
517:
501:
498:
475:
472:
448:ctenoid scales
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
402:
401:
400:
377:
376:
375:
343:
340:
324:Zaniolepidinae
320:Zaniolepididae
296:Hexagrammoidea
272:
269:
215:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:
189:
188:
182:
181:
169:
165:
164:
155:Hexagrammoidea
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
125:Actinopterygii
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
74:
73:
63:
62:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1113:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Hexagrammidae
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
979:
975:
971:
966:
962:
958:
953:
949:
945:
940:
936:
932:
927:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
905:Hexagrammidae
901:
897:
892:
891:Hexagrammidae
886:
882:
877:
871:
867:
866:
864:
862:
861:Hexagrammidae
858:
854:
849:
841:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:
806:
805:
800:
796:
790:
787:
782:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
729:
725:
714:on 2019-04-08
713:
709:
703:
699:
698:
690:
688:
686:
684:
680:
668:
664:
663:
658:
654:
648:
646:
642:
637:
633:
626:
622:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
603:
598:
594:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
565:
563:
561:
557:
550:
548:
546:
545:Pleurogrammus
543:of the genus
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
516:
514:
513:Pleurogrammus
511:
507:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
442:and may have
441:
440:lateral lines
433:
425:
421:
420:
419:Pleurogrammus
415:
414:
411:
407:
403:
397:
393:
392:
387:
386:
382:
381:Hexagramminae
378:
372:
368:
367:
362:
361:
358:
355:Jordan &
353:
352:Ophiodontinae
349:
348:
347:
341:
339:
337:
334:and Betancur
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
291:
287:
286:
281:
278:
277:ichthyologist
270:
268:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Hexagrammidae
229:
225:
221:
213:
209:
204:
199:
194:
190:
187:
183:
178:
173:
172:Hexagrammidae
170:
167:
166:
161:
156:
153:
151:Superfamily:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
84:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
24:Hexagrammidae
22:
19:
860:
837:
802:
789:
747:(162): 162.
744:
740:
716:. Retrieved
712:the original
696:
670:. Retrieved
660:
635:
631:
578:
574:
544:
537:O. elongatus
536:
532:
522:
512:
503:
483:
477:
468:total length
463:
437:
417:
389:
384:Jordan, 1888
364:
345:
335:
331:
308:paraphyletic
299:
295:
283:
274:
238:
234:
233:
227:
211:
192:
186:Type species
171:
154:
70:
50:
18:
965:iNaturalist
885:Wikispecies
519:Utilization
391:Hexagrammos
328:Oxylebiinae
312:Perciformes
304:Perciformes
293:superfamily
1075:Categories
718:2022-12-04
672:4 December
551:References
539:) and the
456:pelvic fin
452:dorsal fin
404:Subfamily
379:Subfamily
350:Subfamily
316:infraorder
245:of marine
239:greenlings
141:Suborder:
1081:Cottoidei
410:Rutenberg
290:monotypic
254:Cottoidei
212:see text
160:Shinohara
145:Cottoidei
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
876:Q1552315
870:Wikidata
839:FishBase
804:FishBase
781:28683774
623:(2003).
597:25543675
460:anal fin
396:Tilesius
366:Ophiodon
271:Taxonomy
251:suborder
198:Tilesius
168:Family:
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
33:Holocene
772:5501477
749:Bibcode
575:Zootaxa
510:pelagic
500:Biology
480:endemic
444:cycloid
357:Gilbert
256:in the
241:, is a
206:Genera
131:Order:
121:Class:
67:Lingcod
29:Miocene
1058:154415
1045:114158
1042:uBio:
1035:266389
1022:441571
996:167108
983:114345
779:
769:
704:
595:
525:spears
426:, 1861
416:Genus
412:, 1954
398:, 1810
388:Genus
373:, 1854
371:Girard
363:Genus
359:, 1883
330:, but
243:family
237:, the
200:, 1810
179:, 1888
177:Jordan
162:, 1994
1053:WoRMS
1009:30983
978:IRMNG
970:48454
628:(PDF)
336:et al
258:order
1004:NCBI
991:ITIS
957:8626
952:GBIF
944:5138
918:1301
913:BOLD
777:PMID
702:ISBN
674:2022
593:PMID
579:3882
424:Gill
326:and
939:EoL
931:B22
926:CoL
900:ADW
767:PMC
757:doi
583:doi
446:or
1077::
1055::
1032::
1019::
1006::
993::
980::
967::
954::
941::
928::
915::
902::
887::
872::
836:.
820:.
801:.
775:.
765:.
755:.
745:17
743:.
739:.
727:^
682:^
665:.
659:.
644:^
634:.
630:.
605:^
591:.
577:.
573:.
559:^
496:.
267:.
69:,
824:.
783:.
759::
751::
721:.
676:.
638:.
636:2
599:.
585::
531:(
230:)
226:(
31:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
