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155:. Minturn reportedly once noted that the $ 5 million spent on ship fares in 1847, "substantially reduced the cost of carrying freight," and helped the economy by lowering the price of American cotton and grain for English buyers. According to the website, An Irish Passenger, An American Family, And Their Time, profit, "rather than humanitarian impulses" drove immigration, "and because government regulatory agencies and private philanthropies were unwilling or unable to exert much control over that business, 19th century emigrants were often literally treated as human freight."
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167:(1822–1880) from its distinctive blue and white swallowtailed house flag. This enterprise was originally started by Fish, Grinnell and Co. in cooperation with Thaddeus Phelps and was called the "Fourth Line of Liverpool Packets." The Blue Swallowtail line originally sailed monthly and, like the other Liverpool-New York packet lines, did a thriving business in the wave of Irish immigration in the wake of
289:(built 1851) was purchased for this route for the phenomenal sum of $ 90,000 before the ship was even launched. The ship set a record for the New York-to-San Francisco run around Cape Horn in 1851 (despite losing a portion of a mast en route), and improved on its own mark in 1853, setting a record for ships under sail that lasted for over 100 years. The
205:. In 1851, the line expanded to eight regular packets sailing from Liverpool on the 6th and 21st of each month. In 1854, management divided between Cornelius Grinnell, who took over four ships, and the firm, which operated five ships, as before. The firm added nine more vessels before 1860, including the Packet
312:
Robert
Minturn's first cousin, Edward Minturn, partnered with Albert Woodhull, to form Minturn & Woodhull, merchants, in the 1830s. In 1841, the firm launched Woodhull & Minturn's "New Line" of packet ships between New York and Liverpool, for a time headquartered at 87 South Street, New York,
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wrote sarcastically about the two principals, Moses and Robert, in a letter to a sibling: “Our friends, Grinnell, Minturn are heartbroken about the famine (in
Ireland, 1845-1852, causing a million deaths and two million to emigrate, many on ships they owned). They have a house dinner to celebrate the
77:(1805–1866), a member of a family long prominent in New England and New York shipping circles, joined the firm (his sister Sarah had married Henry Grinnell in 1822) and it became Grinnell, Minturn & Co., or simply Grinnell & Minturn, a conglomerate of merchant and sailing
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from which the firm was profiting, Minturn was reported to be worth $ 200,000; today's equivalent of more than $ 2.251 billion in relative output. The
Grinnells were worth $ 250,000, each, or nearly $ 5.8 billion combined; and partner Delano, who had married into the
371:, and John Wendell Minturn, became principals. The firm ostensibly closed down a majority of its packet services by 1880. The following year, John Minturn, second born son of Robert B. Minturn, aged 42, committed suicide at its New York headquarters at 78 South Street (1881).
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commented on "he exertions of Messrs. Grinnell, Minturn & Co. . . . to increase the efficiency of the London line" and called for "every encouragement on the part of those of our community who are in the habit of frequently crossing the
Atlantic."
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Albion, Robert
Greenhalgh. Commercial Fortunes in New York: A Study in the History of the Port of New York About 1850. New York History. Vol. 16, No. 2 (April 1935), pp. 158–168. Today’s value calculated at measuringworth.com. January 15,
293:, like many of the line's ships, had individual ownership. Moses H. Grinnell and Robert Minturn each held 9/32 shares. Henry Grinnell, John E. Williams, and Francis S. Hathaway each held 4/32 shares. Captain Creesy held 2/32 shares.
95:"South Street from Maiden Lane to Burling Slip, New York City, February 23, 1891." Courtesy New-York Historical Society. Depicts (center) the former offices of Grinnell, Minturn & Co. and Burling Slip in the foreground (right)
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services, and as "the only authorized passenger agents for the SWALLOW-TAIL LINE OF PACKET SHIPS," with offices through the 1850s, in
Liverpool, 5 Regent Road across from the Clarence dock gate, and Fenwick Chambers; in
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fortune it is bringing them, and dine on terrapin, salmon, peas, asparagus, strawberries—all out of season, of course—then Mr. Grinnell gives the famine fund $ 360, which he had lost on a bet with Mr. Wetmore (
333:(1846 by Brown & Bell, 1,327 tons), Captain John Britton. In 1845, they opened a line to Glasgow, Scotland. They sold their holdings to Grinnell, Minturn & Co. in about 1847. On January 12, 1850, the
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The first name of
Preserved Fish was properly pronounced with three syllables, and was a reference to being "preserved from sin" or "preserved in grace"; his family, prominent in New York, also gave rise to
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Wealth and
Biography of the Wealthy Citizens of New York City, Comprising an Alphabetical Arrangement of Persons Estimated to be Worth $ 100,000 and Upwards. Sixth edition. New York: Sun Office, 1845.
640:
Clark, Arthur H. The clipper ship era: An epitome of famous
American and British clipper ships, their owners, builders, commanders, and crews, 1843–1869. New York: G.P. Putnam‘s sons, 1910, p. 109
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Because of its extensive shipping operations, the company (and the
Minturn family) was involved in a number of landmark legal cases having to do with ships and shipping, including
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O'Malley, Brendan P. Protecting the Stranger: The Origins of US Immigration Regulation in Nineteenth-Century New York. Thesis, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 2015.
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hit a bank off of Wexford, Ireland, near Tuskar Light, and was stranded. Capt. Bursley saved passengers but died, with twelve crew, after a failed rescue attempt.
24:. was one of the leading transatlantic shipping companies in the middle 19th century. It is probably best known today as being the owner and operator of the
233:) Line, which also endured until 1880. The flag was the same as for the Liverpool line, but with red at the hoist instead of blue. The ships included the
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were among the wealthiest of the merchant-kings of New York in their day, who built one of 19th century America's largest transportation empires in the
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Later, when the discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada made California a popular destination for travelers from the East Coast, the company founded a
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Ujifusa, Steven. Barons of the Sea: And Their Race to Build the World's Fastest Clipper Ship. United States, Simon & Schuster, 2019, p. 186.
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Cutler Carl C. Queens of the Western Ocean, The Story Of American's Mail And Passenger Sailing Lines Published by U.S. Naval Institute, 1961.
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which eventually held twelve vessels. "Between 1842 and 1847, inclusive, twenty-nine new Western Ocean lines were formed," according to
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309:. Another of these cases described the company as "Grinnell, Minturn & Co., large shipping merchants of New York".
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65:, one of six sons of a shipper and merchant in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Joseph Grinnell's two younger brothers,
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1815 as Fish, Grinnell & Co. (the senior partner of which had the memorable, if improbable, name of
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The Grinnells partnered with John Bowman to form Bowman, Grinnell & Co., agents, which advertised
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In 1848, Grinnell, Minturn & Co. partner Robert Minturn provided evidence before Parliament that
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offered "a return of 10% off the premium on voyages performed without the consumption of spirits."
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of clippers. The demands of the voyage were such that larger ships were required, and the
73:(1803–1877), became members of the firm in 1825, and in 1828 Joseph retired. In ca. 1830,
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As its business grew, the company's reputation expanded, even to Canada. In 1835, the
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Queens of the Western Ocean: The Story of America's Mail and Passenger Sailing Lines
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Minturn served as vice president on the relief committee that eventually sent the
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The company entered the New York-London market a year later with its London (
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Chasing family history and the tail end of summer on Little Egg Harbor Bay.
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roots. The company stayed "in the family" and remained active until 1880.
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The company's first major endeavor was its Liverpool Line, known as the
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with a one-time fleet of more than fifty ships that sailed to every
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Minturn died in 1866; Grinnell died in 1877. Minturn's sons,
144:, founder of rival China trade firm Wetmore & Company.)”
564:"Ship Arrivals at the Ports of Montreal and Quebec, 1835",
247:(after her 1852 transfer from the Blue Swallowtail line),
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An Irish Passenger, An American Family, And Their Time.
353:, 15 Merchants Quay; and in New York, 83 South Street.
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Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
733:Defunct shipping companies of the United States
610:106 U.S. 437, 27 L.Ed. 208, 1 S.Ct. 402 (1882).
384:, governor, senator, and secretary of state.
30:, arguably the greatest of the clipper ships.
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568:No. 87, Tuesday, July 28, 1835. Reprinted
329:(1843, 1,077 tons), Captain John Eldridge;
61:(1766–1846)); the Grinnell was his cousin
419:House Flags of U.S. Shipping Companies: G
360:was encouraged by American shipowners as
421:Flags of the World; accessed 2015.06.17.
743:Transport companies established in 1815
738:1815 establishments in New York (state)
555:WHYY, Philadelphia. September 22, 2016.
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325:(1844, 1,161 tons), Captain Woodhouse;
321:(1843, 993 tons), Captain Ira Bursley;
723:American companies established in 1815
434:, April 30, 2011; accessed 2015.06.17.
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631:, 68 U.S. 456, 17 L. Ed. 505 (1864).
387:Robert B. Minturn is an ancestor of
123:. In 1845, before the height of the
694:"Era of the Clipper Ships Web Site"
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728:Transatlantic shipping companies
600:First Voyage of the Flying Cloud
401:, giving his name to that town.
317:. The firm's ships included the
38:The Clipper Ship "Flying Cloud"
679:. The Era of the Clipper Ships
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619:58 U.S. (17 How.) 100 (1855).
521:Building and launching the
498:. Retrieved January 1, 2020
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656:Finding Relief in Suicide.
225:The "Red Swallowtail" flag
171:. Its ships included the
22:Grinnell, Minturn & Co
375:Miscellaneous information
369:Robert Bowne Minturn, Jr.
673:"Building and launching
519:Donald Gunn Ross, III, "
303:Minturn v. United States
135:Fellow shipping magnate
53:The company was founded
692:Ross, Donald Gunn III.
671:Ross, Donald Gunn III.
297:Additional significance
395:Robert B. Minturn, Jr.
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159:Blue Swallowtail Line
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42:James E. Buttersworth
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510:" and related pages.
507:See Thomas Carolan,
217:Red Swallowtail Line
75:Robert Bowne Minturn
307:Lawrence v. Minturn
629:Ins. Co. v. Wright
551:Carolan, Michael.
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117:Golden Age of Sail
105:Franklin H. Delano
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700:on March 30, 2010
454:Internet Archive.
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323:Queen of the West
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109:Moses H. Grinnell
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702:. Retrieved
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681:. Retrieved
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111:and brother
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27:Flying Cloud
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358:teetotalism
83:New England
717:Categories
405:References
342:remittance
335:Hottinguer
319:Hottinguer
181:Henry Clay
149:Macedonian
44:, 1859–60.
523:New World
496:Text only
327:Liverpool
185:Ashburton
173:New World
121:continent
99:Partners
573:Archived
255:(1847),
253:Yorktown
235:Columbia
137:A.A. Low
79:magnates
346:baggage
211:Ontario
49:History
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257:London
207:Aurora
201:, and
195:Roscoe
86:Quaker
465:2020.
261:Rhine
81:with
71:Moses
67:Henry
40:, by
706:2011
685:2011
570:here
537:ISBN
344:and
305:and
55:ca.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
