85:
628:. Eyewitnesses described the scene as "apocalyptic". The cause of the wildfire has not been confirmed but around 200 hectares have been destroyed by the fire. A spokeswoman on behalf of the Gruinard estate did not explicitly state the cause of the fire only that "It hasn't caused any damage. It has done good." Local speculation believes the fire was set as an act of muirburn, a Scottish term when native moorland is burned to provide fresh growth for game and livestock.
854:. On arrival, personnel at the island, wearing orange overalls, carry one of numerous covered bodies past on a stretcher in a scene that is nearly identical to that seen in the original test footage from Gruinard Island. In the dramatisation however, the personnel at Fetlar are seen wearing dust masks as opposed to the gas masks seen in the Gruinard footage; likely due to budget constraints (much of
67:
2011:
283:
883:
92:
1231:, BBC, "In 1942 it became the focus of the UK's secret effort to find a weapon capable of defeating the Nazis.", "'I understand Winston Churchill was very keen on using anthrax,' says local historian Donald McIntyre. 'He didn't see why the devil should have all the best weapons.'" 8 November 2001. BBC, accessed 5 March 2020
451:. In the late 1780s, the villages became substantial fishing and sheep farming communities leading Gruinard Island to be utilized as an area of land for grazing sheep or as a small dock for fishing. By 1881, the population on the island was 6, soon becoming uninhabited with no record detailing any established population.
555:
In 1945, when the island's owner sought its return, the
Ministry of Supply recognised that the island was contaminated, and so could not be de-requisitioned until it was deemed safe. In 1946, the government agreed to acquire the island and to take responsibility for it. The owner or their heirs would
615:
visited the island and announced its safety by removing the warning signs. On 1 May 1990, the island was repurchased by the heirs of the original owner for the original sale price of £500. There was some confusion in which members of the public did not know it was being resold solely to its original
604:
around the dispersal site was removed. Run-off from the formaldehyde seeped into the ocean and slowly led to the destruction of intertidal organisms such as barnacles, crustaceans, and seaweed. By 2000, research into intertidal organisms recovery launched and is still ongoing; however, researchers
1303:
Anthrax was the weapon of choice and between 1942 and 1943 team from Porton Down took over the remote
Scottish island of Gruinard, where they detonated a series of anthrax-laden bombs, testing their killing efficiency using sheep ... Dr Fildes obtained this anthrax from Prof R L Vollum –
551:
cloud drifts away towards the target animals. A later sequence shows anthrax-infected sheep carcasses being burned in incinerators at the end of the experiment. After the tests were completed, scientists concluded that a large release of anthrax spores would thoroughly pollute German cities,
575:
The group threatened to leave samples of the soil "at appropriate points that will ensure the rapid loss of indifference of the government and the equally rapid education of the general public". The same day a sealed package of soil was left outside the military research facility at
496:
across the German countryside. It was recognised that tests would cause long-lasting contamination of the immediate area by anthrax spores, so a remote and uninhabited island was required. Gruinard was surveyed, deemed suitable, and requisitioned from its owners by the
556:
be able to repurchase the island for £500 when it was declared "fit for habitation by man and beast". For many years, it was judged too hazardous and expensive to decontaminate the island sufficiently to allow public access, and
Gruinard Island was
572:" which demanded that the government decontaminate the island, and reported that a "team of microbiologists from two universities" had landed on the island with the aid of local people and collected 300 pounds (140 kilograms) of soil.
552:
rendering them uninhabitable for decades afterwards. Those conclusions were supported by the inability to decontaminate the island after the experiment—the spores were sufficiently durable to resist any efforts at decontamination.
1535:
1176:
923:
1703:
3416:
454:
In 1926, Rosalynd
Maitland purchased the Eilean Darach estate which included Gruinard Island. Rosalynd Maitland bequeathed the island to her niece Molly Dunphie who was friends with
769:, in a story titled "Bred in the Bone", the protagonist's niece finds herself on Gruinard surrounded by flesh-eating children. The issues were released in 2003 and were written by
3426:
122:
1749:
84:
811:, is a fictionalised account of two British scientists' visit to an island in Scotland where the government plans to test anthrax inspired by the story of Gruinard.
1543:
3421:
2365:
1681:
1184:
799:. When being interrogated, the scientist briefly mentions Gruinard Island and how it will be uninhabitable for a century due to anthrax experiments.
532:
spores were detonated close to where selected groups were tethered. The sheep became infected with anthrax and began to die within days of exposure.
1700:
1080:
1037:
850:
describes the fictional outbreak of a new form of flu. During
Episode 3, Dugdale visits the proposed origin of the virus at the, now quarantined,
1610:
560:
indefinitely. Visits to the island were prohibited, except for periodic checks by Porton Down personnel to determine the level of contamination.
3411:
588:
was holding its annual conference. The soil did not contain anthrax, but officials said that the soil was similar to that found on the island.
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1573:
1345:
1269:
1159:
1063:
1244:
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336:
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1298:
642:
498:
137:
1735:
862:
236:
787:
548:
1845:
1742:
506:
116:
952:
Statistical
Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two)
2152:
1119:
940:
837:
756:, in which the protagonist spends a winter shipwrecked on the island. The island is the principal location in the novel
130:
616:
owners and people from around the world sent letters to the
British government asking to purchase the island for £500.
3101:
2351:
1585:
927:
896:
770:
611:
On 24 April 1990, after 48 years of quarantine and four years after the solution was applied, junior defence minister
3017:
826:, although the warnings of contamination from biological weapons are a cover for a top secret, high-security prison.
753:
600:
solution diluted in sea water was sprayed over all 485 acres (196 hectares) of the island and the worst-contaminated
944:
1895:
727:
580:; tests revealed that it contained anthrax bacilli. A few days later another sealed package of soil was left in
3037:
2122:
1047:
345:
258:
224:
1805:
543:
in 1997. One sequence shows the detonation of an anthrax bomb fixed at the end of a tall pole supported with
2227:
888:
808:
803:
585:
3012:
3229:
2832:
2624:
2097:
841:
is set on the fictional
Gravonax Island, the name and history of which are inspired by those of Gruinard.
722:
540:
2877:
1426:
2772:
2722:
2629:
2619:
2440:
2374:
2117:
2067:
1295:
United States exports of biological materials to Iraq: Compromising the credibility of international law
846:
569:
421:
1152:
No Stone
Unturned: A History of Farming, Landscape and Environment in the Scottish Highlands and Island
3114:
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2332:
2000:
1955:
1940:
717:
525:
502:
485:
467:
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1508:
3032:
2032:
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1315:"X" Base Gruinard Island Trials 1942-43. Imperial War Museum Film and Video Archive. Available at:
1011:
951:
732:
608:
A flock of sheep was placed on the island not long after the cleanup in 1987 and remained healthy.
605:
from that survey project in 2007 have said that “recolonization is ongoing, rather than complete.”
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2777:
2343:
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1840:
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1041:
822:
665:
477:
3168:
3002:
2127:
2052:
1810:
1327:
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1262:
Biological weapons: from the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism
3058:
3048:
2872:
2598:
2588:
2450:
2287:
2077:
1835:
1820:
1800:
1696:
Archive colour 16 mm footage from 1942, showing the
Bioweapons testing on Gruinard island
1663:
1569:
1431:
1408:
1275:
1265:
1155:
1059:
688:
675:
596:
Starting in 1986 a determined effort was made to decontaminate Gruinard Island, 280 tonnes of
455:
105:
2927:
2167:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3301:
3254:
2087:
2082:
2047:
1398:
1390:
1379:"Dispersal mode and assessments of recovery on the shores of Gruinard, the 'anthrax island'"
1051:
989:
816:
304:
229:
2782:
1630:
3371:
3274:
3191:
2967:
2573:
2558:
2410:
2257:
2252:
1925:
1880:
1830:
1722:
1707:
1350:
985:
670:
612:
493:
27:
2112:
1005:
1328:"Gruinard Island following contamination by anthrax: annual inspections; correspondence"
782:
entitled "Bad Blood" involved biological testing – a reference to the Gruinard testing.
3334:
3309:
3305:
3221:
3150:
2604:
2568:
2533:
2237:
2232:
2207:
2177:
2019:
1890:
1860:
1850:
1815:
1767:
867:
778:
647:
425:
405:
251:
177:
1727:
1294:
3405:
3313:
3235:
3122:
2867:
2762:
2659:
2137:
2092:
1965:
1945:
1870:
1085:
709:
693:
655:
521:
443:
have both laid claim to Gruinard Island due to the position of the island in between
440:
3183:
3173:
3160:
3127:
2962:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2712:
2639:
2583:
2513:
1975:
1930:
1900:
1885:
1785:
1657:
701:
660:
597:
473:
383:
1536:""Estate owners say Gruinard fire 'good' for island once contaminated by anthrax""
1212:
1043:
Reopening Public Facilities After a Biological Attack: A Decision-Making Framework
1228:
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3259:
3206:
3053:
3027:
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2862:
2857:
2727:
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2612:
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2468:
2456:
2277:
2262:
2132:
1985:
1920:
1915:
1855:
1825:
1790:
1775:
1454:
792:
577:
510:
481:
1427:"Sheep as Guinea Pigs on Gruinard : Contaminated Island to Get All-Clear?"
1378:
528:, who supplied it. Eighty sheep were taken to the island and bombs filled with
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2822:
2807:
2797:
2737:
2732:
2707:
2692:
2654:
2634:
2548:
2543:
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2217:
2027:
1780:
1717:
1695:
1483:
1394:
1316:
878:
831:
765:
745:
737:
557:
480:
test was carried out on Gruinard by scientists from the Biology Department of
436:
66:
1412:
152:
139:
3269:
3211:
3196:
3078:
3068:
3043:
2987:
2882:
2842:
2664:
2593:
2445:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2062:
2057:
2042:
1279:
683:
581:
42:
791:
episode "Three Dead Cows at Makapu, Part 2" featured a scientist played by
3289:
2917:
2912:
2802:
2792:
2757:
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2553:
2528:
2508:
2498:
2493:
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2400:
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2212:
2202:
2182:
2107:
2102:
1795:
1759:
1701:
The Plan that Never Was: Churchill and the 'Anthrax Bomb' by Julian Lewis
1512:
1459:
625:
624:
On 26 March 2022, the island was burned "from one end to the other" by a
544:
517:
448:
444:
391:
387:
355:
241:
814:"Smallpox Island", off the north-west coast of Scotland, appears in the
408:, and was dangerous for all mammals after military experiments with the
3329:
3279:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2907:
2902:
2767:
2747:
2742:
2702:
2563:
2523:
2503:
2483:
2282:
2272:
2247:
2172:
945:"Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands"
601:
529:
409:
3319:
3264:
3246:
3145:
3073:
2937:
2752:
2717:
2518:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2327:
2322:
2292:
2222:
2162:
2157:
2037:
1980:
1970:
1950:
1935:
1712:
1403:
1377:
Johnson, Mark P.; Pye, Sankurie; Allcock, Louise (20 December 2007).
851:
424:
who travelled the area in the mid-16th century. He wrote that it was
428:
territory, "full of woods" (it is treeless today), and that it was "
1055:
3201:
3137:
2947:
2697:
2463:
2302:
2242:
2147:
2142:
1995:
1960:
1865:
536:
505:
was put in charge of a fifty-man team to conduct the trial, with
3324:
2892:
2488:
1990:
1910:
1905:
865:", the third and fourth episodes of Series 16 of the BBC series
796:
748:(2020). It also features as the principal setting for the novel
489:
3360:
3100:
For smaller islands, usually districts in their own right, see
3095:
2681:
2385:
2347:
1731:
1250:. Applied Science and Analysis. Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
394:. At its closest point to the mainland, it is about 1 km (
1509:"Gruinard Island: Fire on island used for Anthrax experiments"
568:
In 1981 newspapers began receiving messages with the heading "
524:", named after R. L. Vollum, Professor of Bacteriology at the
488:, an ultimately unused plan which called for the dispersal of
325:
1627:"BBC One - Silent Witness, Series 16, Trust - Episode guide"
1586:"Atticist to Bring Outlying Islands to King's Head Theatre"
795:
who threatened to unleash a deadly virus on the island of
322:
316:
310:
1081:"The story of anthrax island and Operation Dark Harvest"
1455:"The mystery of Anthrax Island and the seeds of death"
861:
The experiments are referred to in the storyline of "
337:
319:
33:
807:, a Fringe First-winning play by Scottish dramatist
509:
in charge of the germ bomb. Biology Department head
328:
313:
3288:
3245:
3220:
3182:
3159:
3136:
3113:
2018:
1766:
1718:
More footage of the testing done on Gruinard Island
1568:. Originally published in 1985. Tusquets Editores,
1264:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 54.
307:
289:
280:
272:
264:
257:
247:
235:
223:
218:
210:
202:
184:
173:
168:
129:
115:
73:
56:
41:
26:
404: mi) offshore. In 1942, the island became a
412:bacterium, until it was decontaminated in 1990.
2375:Traditional provinces and districts of Scotland
1503:
1501:
1239:
1237:
48:
3417:Uninhabited islands of Highland (council area)
1304:Professor of Bacteriology at Oxford University
2359:
1743:
1723:Art Project based on Gruinard weapons testing
8:
1682:Description of the Western Isles of Scotland
1120:"Britain's mysterious WW2 'island of death'"
776:An episode of the British wartime TV series
21:
1154:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 206.
1025:BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names
773:and illustrated by Doug Alexander Gregory.
636:Gruinard Island is mentioned in the novels
3357:
3110:
3092:
2678:
2382:
2366:
2352:
2344:
1750:
1736:
1728:
1685:. William Auld. Edinburgh - 1774 edition.
430:guid for fostering of thieves and rebellis
20:
3427:United Kingdom biological weapons program
1402:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
716:by R. J. Price (better-known as the poet
535:Some of the experiments were recorded on
1484:"The Accidental Rush for Anthrax Island"
1245:"Gruinard Island Returns to Civil Use "
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1038:United States National Research Council
922:islands over 20 ha in extent and
908:
858:was not filmed where it claims to be).
516:The anthrax strain chosen was a highly
91:
1494:from the original on 11 December 2021.
1243:Pearson, Dr. Graham S. (October 1990)
547:. After the bomb explodes, a brownish
1301:from the original on 19 August 2021.
915:Area and population ranks: there are
7:
763:In issues 187–188 of the comic book
484:. The test was conducted as part of
3422:Former populated places in Scotland
3238:(The Lochs, West Side, Point, Back)
358:island approximately 2 kilometres (
2387:Major districts (former counties,
214:An Eilid, 106 m (348 ft)
14:
1534:Campsie, Alison (29 March 2022).
1354:. 9 November 1981. Archived from
1079:Scothorne, Rory (22 March 2022).
1027:(London: Oxford UP, 1971), p. 65.
2009:
1140:Monro (1549) "Gruynorde" no. 178
924:93 permanently inhabited islands
881:
303:
281:
90:
83:
65:
16:Island off the coast of Scotland
1293:Holland, Geoffrey (June 2005).
282:
55:
1656:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004).
1118:Burke, Myles (22 April 2024).
435:Historically, the counties of
1:
3412:Biological warfare facilities
1383:Biodiversity and Conservation
1004:Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003)
916:
539:colour movie film, which was
507:David Willis Wilson Henderson
180:/Islands of Ross and Cromarty
104:Gruinard Island shown within
3232:(North Harris, South Harris)
1150:DODGSHON, ROBERT A. (2015).
1014:. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
941:National Records of Scotland
501:. Porton Down meteorologist
420:The island was mentioned by
1758:Uninhabited islands of the
1564:Fernández Cubas, Cristina.
975:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 187
897:List of islands of Scotland
382: mi) wide, located in
60:"Shallow firth", from Norse
3443:
1482:Scott, Tom (31 May 2021).
1260:Guillemin, Jeanne (2005).
1229:Living with anthrax island
1213:Britain's 'Anthrax Island'
1181:Ross and Cromarty Heritage
760:by D. L. Marshall (2021).
632:Popular culture references
465:
462:Biological warfare testing
372:miles) long by 1 km (
354:) is a small, oval-shaped
3367:
3356:
3109:
3091:
2688:
2677:
2396:
2381:
2007:
1395:10.1007/s10531-007-9307-y
994:(Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
78:
64:
3102:List of Scottish islands
1662:. Edinburgh: Canongate.
1616:, accessed 5 March 2020
1048:National Academies Press
754:Cristina Fernández Cubas
503:Sir Oliver Graham Sutton
386:, about halfway between
1219:, accessed 5 March 2020
1007:Ainmean-àite/Placenames
889:Scottish islands portal
49:
1611:Anthrax Island (video)
844:The 2013 UK TV series
723:And the Land Lay Still
640:by Alan Scott (1971),
584:, where the governing
570:Operation Dark Harvest
564:Operation Dark Harvest
513:made frequent visits.
349:
34:
2068:Eilean Chaluim Chille
1713:Gruinard Island photo
1332:The National Archives
957:(Report). SG/2013/126
3115:Islands of the Clyde
3018:Strathcarron (Oykel)
3013:Strathcarron (Forth)
2391:and rural deaneries)
2389:provincial lordships
1706:30 July 2019 at the
1659:The Scottish Islands
1633:on 27 September 2017
1046:. Washington, D.C.:
638:The Anthrax Mutation
526:University of Oxford
486:Operation Vegetarian
468:Operation Vegetarian
153:57.89000°N 5.47000°W
1012:Pàrlamaid na h-Alba
926:were listed in the
733:The Impossible Dead
149: /
23:
2978:Strath of Kildonan
2898:Howe of the Mearns
2773:Dùthaich MhicAoidh
2073:Eilean Chearstaidh
1841:Eilean Mhic Chrion
1806:Eilean an Ròin Mòr
1546:on 2 November 2023
1463:. 25 February 2022
1435:. 22 November 1987
1358:on 26 January 2010
1248:The ASA Newsletter
1187:on 2 November 2023
943:(15 August 2013).
823:Caballistics, Inc.
666:Richard P. Henrick
586:Conservative Party
499:British government
492:cakes spiked with
478:biological warfare
351:Eilean Ghruinneard
273:Largest settlement
169:Physical geography
158:57.89000; -5.47000
35:Eilean Ghruinneart
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3104:
3097:Insular districts
3087:
3086:
2673:
2672:
2341:
2340:
2288:Stockinish Island
2078:Eileanan Iasgaich
1836:Eilean Meadhonach
1821:Eilean Horrisdale
1801:Eileach an Naoimh
1677:Monro, Sir Donald
1669:978-1-84195-454-7
1614:www.sonicbomb.com
1590:theatreweekly.com
1574:978-8-47223-750-6
1432:Los Angeles Times
1271:978-0-231-12943-5
1177:"Gruinard Island"
1161:978-1-4744-0075-6
1065:978-0-309-09661-4
689:The Big Over Easy
676:Frederick Forsyth
456:Winston Churchill
296:
295:
211:Highest elevation
198: sq mi)
117:OS grid reference
106:Ross and Cromarty
3434:
3358:
3302:Central Mainland
3111:
3099:
3093:
2679:
2616:
2460:
2383:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2345:
2088:Eilean Mhealasta
2083:Eilean Liubhaird
2048:Ceallasaigh Beag
2013:
2012:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1673:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1629:. Archived from
1623:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1566:El año de gracia
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1542:. Archived from
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1257:
1251:
1241:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1183:. Archived from
1175:Sinclair, Iain.
1172:
1166:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1115:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1002:
996:
995:
982:
976:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
956:
949:
937:
931:
921:
918:
913:
891:
886:
885:
884:
852:Island of Fetlar
804:Outlying Islands
750:El año de gracia
706:And then you die
698:Forbidden Island
472:In 1942, during
403:
402:
398:
381:
380:
376:
371:
370:
366:
363:
340:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
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309:
285:
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197:
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150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
125:
94:
93:
87:
69:
52:
37:
24:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3391:
3372:Debatable Lands
3363:
3344:
3284:
3275:South Ronaldsay
3241:
3216:
3178:
3155:
3132:
3105:
3098:
3083:
2968:Rhinns of Kells
2684:
2683:Minor districts
2669:
2603:
2459:(or Clydesdale)
2455:
2392:
2377:
2372:
2342:
2337:
2258:Seaforth Island
2053:Ceallasaigh Mòr
2014:
2010:
2005:
1926:Little Colonsay
1831:Eilean Macaskin
1811:Eilean Dubh Mòr
1762:
1756:
1708:Wayback Machine
1692:
1670:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1592:. November 2018
1584:
1583:
1579:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1515:. 27 March 2022
1507:
1506:
1499:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1242:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:, 25 July 2001
1211:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1050:. p. 196.
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1003:
999:
986:Ordnance Survey
984:
983:
979:
974:
970:
960:
958:
954:
947:
939:
938:
934:
919:
914:
910:
905:
887:
882:
880:
877:
728:James Robertson
671:The Fist of God
634:
622:
613:Michael Neubert
594:
592:Decontamination
566:
470:
464:
418:
400:
396:
395:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
361:
359:
346:Scottish Gaelic
338:
306:
302:
299:Gruinard Island
248:Sovereign state
194:
190:
189:
157:
155:
151:
148:
143:
140:
138:
136:
135:
121:
111:
110:
109:
108:
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:Gruinard Island
95:
57:Meaning of name
28:Scottish Gaelic
22:Gruinard Island
17:
12:
11:
5:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3310:South Mainland
3306:North Mainland
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3226:
3224:
3222:Outer Hebrides
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3151:Rinns of Islay
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2973:Strath Gartney
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:The Black Isle
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:Little Bernera
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Haskeir Eagach
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2020:Outer Hebrides
2016:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:Harlosh Island
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Eilean Trodday
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Eilean Fladday
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1768:Inner Hebrides
1764:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1698:
1691:
1690:External links
1688:
1687:
1686:
1674:
1668:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1618:
1603:
1577:
1557:
1526:
1497:
1474:
1446:
1418:
1389:(4): 721–732.
1369:
1346:"Dark Harvest"
1337:
1319:
1308:
1285:
1270:
1252:
1233:
1221:
1217:news.bbc.co.uk
1198:
1167:
1160:
1142:
1133:
1099:
1071:
1064:
1056:10.17226/11324
1029:
1016:
997:
991:OS Maps Online
977:
968:
932:
907:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
893:
892:
876:
873:
868:Silent Witness
838:Night Thoughts
758:Anthrax Island
648:Desmond Bagley
633:
630:
621:
618:
593:
590:
565:
562:
466:Main article:
463:
460:
426:Clan MacKenzie
417:
414:
406:sacrifice zone
294:
293:
291:
287:
286:
278:
277:
274:
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269:
266:
262:
261:
255:
254:
252:United Kingdom
249:
245:
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233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
219:Administration
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
186:
182:
181:
178:Inner Hebrides
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
133:
127:
126:
119:
113:
112:
103:
97:
96:
89:
88:
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76:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
46:
39:
38:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3439:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3355:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3314:West Mainland
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Hoy and Walls
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
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3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Strathdeveron
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Glen Urquhart
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Glen Moriston
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
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2146:
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2139:
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2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Eilean Mhuire
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
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2039:
2036:
2034:
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2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:Priest Island
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:Oldany Island
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
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1871:Garbh Eileach
1869:
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1122:. BBC Culture
1121:
1114:
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1108:
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1100:
1088:
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1086:New Statesman
1082:
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1023:G.M. Miller,
1020:
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789:
788:Hawaii Five-O
783:
781:
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718:Richard Price
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694:Jasper Fforde
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3382:Middle March
3362:Border areas
3174:Ross of Mull
3049:Strathfarrar
2983:Strath Oykel
2963:Rannoch Moor
2893:Howe of Fife
2887:
2838:Glen Lethnot
2828:Glen Dochart
2818:Glen Cassley
2778:Eddrachilles
2713:Ardnamurchan
2514:The Glenkens
2153:Garbh Eilean
2113:Flodaigh Mòr
1931:Longa Island
1901:Inch Kenneth
1896:Horse Island
1875:
1786:Calve Island
1680:
1658:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1621:
1613:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1565:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:the original
1540:The Scotsman
1539:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1349:
1340:
1334:. 1956–1970.
1331:
1322:
1311:
1302:
1288:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1224:
1216:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1180:
1170:
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1145:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1090:. Retrieved
1084:
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971:
959:. Retrieved
935:
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845:
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836:
835:audio drama
830:
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820:comic strip
815:
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741:
740:(2011), and
731:
721:
713:
705:
702:Malcolm Rose
697:
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669:
661:Sea of Death
659:
651:
641:
637:
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623:
610:
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598:formaldehyde
595:
574:
567:
554:
541:declassified
534:
522:Vollum 14578
515:
474:World War II
471:
453:
434:
429:
419:
384:Gruinard Bay
350:
298:
297:
259:Demographics
225:Council area
174:Island group
18:
3340:North Isles
3207:Trotternish
3054:Strathglass
3028:Strathdearn
3023:Strathconon
3008:Strathbraan
2998:Strathardle
2993:Strathallan
2958:Muir of Ord
2933:The Machars
2858:Glen Prosen
2813:Glen Almond
2788:Ettrickdale
2763:Douglasdale
2728:Balquhidder
2645:Strathnaver
2640:Strathgryfe
2630:Strathbogie
2441:Breadalbane
2313:Trialabreac
2263:Sgeotasaigh
2238:Pabaigh Mòr
2133:Fuaigh Beag
1986:Tanera Beag
1921:Isle Ristol
1916:Isle Martin
1856:Eilean Tigh
1851:Eilean Rìgh
1826:Eilean Ighe
1776:Calbha Beag
1596:22 November
928:2011 census
809:David Greig
793:Ed Flanders
779:Foyle's War
742:White Pines
578:Porton Down
558:quarantined
511:Paul Fildes
482:Porton Down
206:111
156: /
131:Coordinates
50:Grunnfjörðr
3406:Categories
3387:West March
3377:East March
3064:Strathmore
3059:Strathisla
3003:Strathbran
2988:Strath Tay
2923:Loch Broom
2863:Glen Spean
2853:Glen Orchy
2823:Glen Clova
2808:Glen Albyn
2798:Formartine
2733:Benderloch
2708:Ardmeanach
2693:Applecross
2660:Teviotdale
2655:Sutherland
2650:Strathspey
2635:Strathearn
2625:Strathavon
2599:The Rhinns
2549:Liddesdale
2539:Lauderdale
2469:Cunningham
2218:Muldoanich
2138:Fuaigh Mòr
2128:Fodragaigh
2028:Barra Head
1846:Eilean Mòr
1781:Calbha Mor
1650:References
1550:2 November
1439:9 December
1362:1 February
1297:(Report).
1191:2 November
920: 300
832:Doctor Who
771:Mike Carey
766:Hellblazer
746:Gemma Amor
738:Ian Rankin
720:) (2010),
714:The Island
437:Ross-shire
422:Dean Munro
290:References
265:Population
144:05°28′12″W
141:57°53′24″N
3270:Shapinsay
3212:Waternish
3197:Minginish
3192:Duirinish
3079:Trossachs
3069:Strathyre
3044:Strathdon
3040:(Deeside)
3038:Strathdee
2878:Glengarry
2843:Glen Lyon
2665:Tweeddale
2594:Nithsdale
2446:Caithness
2406:Annandale
2318:Torogaigh
2198:Kirkibost
2193:Killegray
2188:Hermetray
2063:Ceann Iar
2058:Ceann Ear
2043:Ceabhaigh
2038:Calbhaigh
1637:20 August
1413:0960-3115
1404:10379/310
961:14 August
903:Footnotes
829:The 2006
785:The 1970
684:Greg Bear
643:The Enemy
582:Blackpool
545:guy ropes
203:Area rank
43:Old Norse
3298:Mainland
3290:Shetland
2918:Lochalsh
2913:Knoydart
2888:Gruinard
2883:Glenshee
2833:Glen Esk
2803:Gairloch
2793:Ewesdale
2758:Cromdale
2723:Avondale
2620:Stormont
2579:Menteith
2554:Lochaber
2529:Knapdale
2509:Garmoran
2499:Galloway
2494:Fothriff
2436:Badenoch
2401:The Aird
2308:Taransay
2298:Sursaigh
2278:Soay Mòr
2268:Sibhinis
2213:Mingulay
2203:Lingeigh
2183:Hellisay
2108:Flodaigh
2103:Fiaraidh
1876:Gruinard
1760:Hebrides
1704:Archived
1519:27 March
1513:BBC News
1492:Archived
1460:BBC News
1299:Archived
1280:61113028
1126:29 April
1040:(2005).
1010:. (pdf)
875:See also
712:(1998),
704:(2009),
696:(2005),
686:(2005),
680:Quantico
678:(1994),
668:(1992),
658:(1991),
650:(1977),
626:wildfire
620:Wildfire
518:virulent
449:Ullapool
445:Gairloch
392:Ullapool
388:Gairloch
356:Scottish
242:Scotland
230:Highland
123:NG945945
74:Location
3330:Whalsay
3280:Westray
3128:Cumbrae
2953:Morvern
2943:Moidart
2928:Locheil
2908:Kintyre
2903:Kintail
2873:Glenelg
2768:Durness
2748:Coigach
2743:Braemar
2703:Ardgour
2564:Lothian
2524:Kintyre
2504:Garioch
2484:Farines
2479:Eskdale
2451:Carrick
2283:Stromay
2273:Shillay
2248:Sandray
2228:Oronsay
2173:Haskeir
2168:Groaigh
2123:Flodday
2118:Flodday
2033:Boreray
1956:Oronsay
1679:(1549)
1488:YouTube
1467:2 March
1092:2 March
817:2000 AD
602:topsoil
549:aerosol
530:anthrax
494:anthrax
490:linseed
410:anthrax
399:⁄
377:⁄
367:⁄
237:Country
193:⁄
3320:Fetlar
3265:Rousay
3255:Pomona
3247:Orkney
3230:Harris
3146:The Oa
3074:Sunart
2938:Midmar
2753:Cromar
2718:Assynt
2613:Wester
2609:Easter
2574:Mearns
2544:Lennox
2519:Gowrie
2474:Desnes
2457:Lanark
2431:Buchan
2421:Atholl
2416:Argyll
2328:Vallay
2323:Vacsay
2293:Stuley
2233:Pabbay
2223:Orosay
2163:Gighay
2158:Gasker
1981:Staffa
1971:Scarba
1951:Ornsay
1936:Longay
1666:
1572:
1411:
1278:
1268:
1158:
1062:
856:Utopia
847:Utopia
3236:Lewis
3202:Sleat
3138:Islay
3123:Arran
2948:Morar
2783:Enzie
2698:Appin
2589:Moray
2584:Merse
2464:Cowal
2426:Boyne
2411:Angus
2303:Tahay
2253:Scarp
2243:Ronay
2148:Fuiay
2143:Fuday
2098:Ensay
1996:Torsa
1976:Shuna
1961:Pabay
1941:Lunga
1886:Handa
1881:Gunna
1866:Eorsa
1796:Càrna
955:(PDF)
948:(PDF)
863:Trust
652:Isvik
537:16 mm
341:-yərd
3335:Yell
3325:Unst
3184:Skye
3169:Aros
3161:Mull
2611:and
2605:Ross
2569:Marr
2559:Lorn
2534:Kyle
2489:Fife
2333:Wiay
2001:Wiay
1991:Texa
1911:Isay
1906:Insh
1791:Cara
1664:ISBN
1639:2017
1598:2018
1570:ISBN
1552:2023
1521:2022
1469:2023
1441:2023
1409:ISSN
1364:2008
1351:Time
1276:OCLC
1266:ISBN
1193:2023
1156:ISBN
1128:2024
1094:2023
1060:ISBN
963:2020
797:Oahu
726:by
476:, a
447:and
439:and
390:and
339:GRIN
276:None
185:Area
45:name
30:name
1399:hdl
1391:doi
1052:doi
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