3419:. By contrast, the F-105, which was on the drawing boards as the MiG entered service, was two generations ahead (and the escorting F-100s one generation ahead). The F-105 was the USAF's most advanced Mach 2 class fighter bomber, with sophisticated navigation and radar systems which could be armed with Sidewinder missiles and a bombload comparable to World War II bombers. But at slower speeds, the older MiG could outmaneuver any of its adversaries, and at a time when air-to-air missiles were highly unlikely to actually destroy their targets, the cannons of the MiG were much more reliable, and deadly against F-105s, which at the time were vulnerable to hits on systems such as hydraulics.
3241:
crashed. At 10:15 wingman
Lieutenant Phan Van Tuc fired on another F-8, claiming a second victory. Pilots Ho Van Quy and Tran Minh Phuong also opened fire on two F-8s, but were out of gun range. In the VPAF's evaluation, their success was due to proper preparation, using surprise and engaging only in close dogfights. While the US Navy records that all of the Crusaders returned, a plane flown by Lt. Cdr. Spence Thomas was so damaged it diverted to Da Nang and was written off as destroyed upon landing. That could make Lan's attack the first air-to-air kill not only by the VPAF's MiG-17s, but the first air victory of the conflict.
3358:
stayed south of the bridge, while Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam flew to the north. Three F-100s from the MiGCAP, piloted by LTC Emmett L. Hays, CPT Keith B. Connolly, and CPT Donald W. Kilgus, all from the 416th TFS, engaged the MiG-17s. As the F-100s closed in, they hesitated to fire missiles which might hit their F-105s. The lead F-100 got a locking tone as he fired an IR guided
Sidewinder air-to-air missile once he had a clear shot, but it passed above its target, while Connolly and Kilgus engaged with 20mm cannon.
3426:. The incident would start a series of events that would lead to a reassessment of fighters better suited to close-in dogfighting. While the F-105 would finish off its service with a slightly better than even kill-to-loss ratio over MiGs, the large plane had been designed primarily to deliver bombs at low level rather than shoot down other fighters. Its replacement was the even larger Phantom, which had been designed without any guns to fire missiles at stand-off ranges rather than tangle in turning dogfights.
3543:
3531:
3387:
his VPAF badge. Hanh says that he saw his wingman, Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam also shot down by F-105s. Hanh probably confused the escorting F-100s for F-105s. As only one
American pilot even claimed a probable kill, his other comrades may have instead collided or been hit by their own AA fire. Nevertheless, in exchange for their significant sacrifice, the North Vietnamese MiG-17s had scored their first confirmed aerial victories in jet-to-jet combat against supersonic fighters.
3467:
3395:
supplies to the south". For their part, anti-aircraft gunners received the
Victory Order and the Military Exploit Order. On the 45th anniversary of the battle in 2010, Vietnam celebrated the downing of 47 US aircraft of the 454 sorties over two days that dropped 350 bombs on and around the bridge, calling it "the symbol of the Vietnamese people's will to defend their country...the Great Spring Victory to liberate the South and reunify the country."
3350:
3183:, one under each outer wing pylon. This was an early combat use of early "smart" precision guided missiles that were guided by radio and joystick, requiring two passes to launch each of two missiles per plane. Capt. Bill Meyerholt observed as the missile streaked toward the bridge and made a good hit; when smoke cleared, there was no visible damage to the bridge. The 250 lb (110 kg) warheads merely charred the massive structure.
3257:
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destruction, a second attack was scheduled for the thirteenth of May when fourteen
Phantoms were engaged, with LGBs of up to 2,000 lb (910 kg) aimed at the central pillar supporting the bridge. Once again, the attack was successful, and the "Dragon's jaw" was rendered completely unusable. The US command, however, was not satisfied, and ordered a final attack on the sixth of October.
36:
3117:(the bombing campaign against random targets in North Vietnam chosen by Lyndon B. Johnson), the decision was made in March 1965 to interdict the North Vietnamese rail system, including the Thanh Hóa bridge. The Vietnamese, realizing the importance of the bridge, had set up an impressive air defense network, stationing five air defense regiments in the area.
3624:, Tom Wolfe recounted a rueful story that circulated among Navy pilots who flew sorties against the Thanh Hóa Bridge. In their telling, the Earth consisted of two hemispheres, spring-loaded and held together opposite the hinge by the bridge. When it was destroyed, the story went, the two hemispheres would fly apart, flinging humanity into space.
3631:, opening the way to a new era of aerial warfare. The 1965 strikes were the first employment of modern strike packages which were combined and launched against that specific target, leading up to an evolution of air warfare to 1972 with laser-guided munitions, which would later be employed very effectively with minimal losses in
3522:
the bridge still standing, and a second raid was planned, with a different crew, for the following night. This second attempt turned to disaster: the
Hercules was hit during its low-level run and crashed, killing the entire crew. An F-4 engaged in a diversionary attack nearby was also brought down and its crew lost.
3573:
attacked the Thanh Hóa Bridge. Eight of their number carried laser-guided bombs. The raid was carried out without a hitch, and when the dust of the explosions had cleared it became apparent that the bridge had been dislodged from its western abutment, dropping one half into the river. To complete its
3382:
Historian Don McCarthy later concluded he was certain Kilgus brought down the MiG-17. Aviation writer Larry Davis also records that Kilgus' wing man also reported a kill, but it was denied by higher headquarters at 7th Air Force. Although not immediately reported that day, only Kilgus claimed and was
3337:
The remaining F-105 found himself in the sights of another MiG-17 whom he could not shake. In desperation, he tried a snap roll which slowed his plane so that the MiG-17 over-shot him, as his captain had recommended. Finding himself on the MiG's tail, he was too surprised to attempt to shoot down the
3301:
The VPAF made ground-based AAA sites the first line of defence, with fighters attacking after ground gunners ceased fire. After taking off at about 10:20, the MiGs would break into decoy and attack flights. The leader was second-in-command Nguyen Van Tien, while Dao Ngo Ngu handled the ground control
3403:
The raid had been carried out with great precision, but despite having been hit by more than 300 bombs, the Thanh Hóa bridge still stood. As minor damage caused the circulation to be interrupted for a few days, it was seen as a modest success that had cost the US Air Force three F-105s. But U.S. Air
3313:
The MiG attack came instead from the south, with part angling off toward the west, perhaps to draw away escorts as a decoy. As the MIGCAP F-100s flew south, they spotted MiG-17s flying in from the sea toward the F-105s, and urgently radioed the warning: "Break off!" But their warnings weren't heeded
3305:
The
Americans started with recon flights over Thanh Hóa. Then the attacking jets flew in flights of four. One flight would attack at a time while others circled awaiting their turn. Although, on paper, the F-105 was capable of Mach 2+, when loaded with ordnance under its small wings, it was subsonic
3273:
During the 4 April 1965 engagement, a force of eight MiG-17s (half flying as decoys) from the 921st "Sao Do" (Red Star) Fighter
Regiment (FR) were again given the task of confronting a large group of modern American supersonic fighter-bombers. The 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs tasked as fast attack bombers
3190:
had delivered over targets like Berlin. The first wave of bombs drifted due to a strong southwest wind. The last flight, led by Cpt. Carlyle S. "Smitty" Harris, scored hits on the roadway and superstructure. After 32 Bullpups and 1200 bombs had decorated the bridge with numerous hits, charring every
3521:
On the night of May 30, a first
Hercules dropped five mines. A North Vietnamese prisoner later revealed that 4 of the 5 mines had in fact exploded under the bridge, but not caused any significant damage. However at the time the Americans did not know this, as after-mission reconnaissance had showed
3390:
North
Vietnamese AAA gunners on the ground were credited with downing a "Sandy" A-1H Skyraider, killing Capt. Walter Draeger, and also initially credited with the F-105 of Capt. Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, who survived and became one of the earliest American prisoners of war. Later on 15 April 1965, a
3329:
spotted four F-105Ds at 10:30 starting to drop their bombs, ordering his wingman, Pham Giay, to cover his attack. He fired at 400 meters, observing one F-105, piloted by Major Frank E. Bennett (355th TFW, KIA) fall in flames into the Gulf of Tonkin. The flight leader attempted to recover at Da Nang
3386:
MiG-17 flight leader and sole survivor Tran Hanh was credited with his confirmed F-105 kill. His own plane narrowly escaped through hard maneuvering, but he lost contact with ground control. Low on fuel, he opted to land at the nearby Ke Tam valley, but was detained by the locals until he produced
3252:
The VPAF had nevertheless demonstrated the ability to engage modern US fighters, and afterwards recognized April 3 as Air Force Day. On the American side, the failure to drop any spans led to a new attack scheduled for the next day; it was expected by VPAF commanders. This time, eighty planes were
3240:
By comparison, the American Crusader was a daylight gunfighter capable of speeds of nearly twice the speed of sound, armed with both cannon and Sidewinder missiles. Lan dived to attack at about 1,000 feet, and fired at a range of 700 feet. His gun camera showed a blazing F-8 which he reported had
3361:
Kilgus recognized what was Pham Giay's MiG just after it appeared out of the haze. He dropped his wing tanks and turned into the target that had just made a ninety degree turn to face him. He shook off Tran Hanh's second MiG which appeared as Giay overshot and missed him. Closing in from behind
3333:
As the F-105s turned to attack the MiGs, the MiGs split into two groups on the north and south sides of the bridge. Supported by Tran Nguyen Nam, Le Minh Huan downed another F-105D, callsign Zinc 2 piloted by Capt. J. A. Magnusson. He radioed that he was heading for the Gulf if he could maintain
3608:
The North Vietnamese made various claims as to how many planes they shot down, but the US only recognizes the loss of eleven aircraft during attacks against the bridge. However, the concentration of air defense assets also took its toll on passing aircraft and in total an estimated 104 American
3357:
After the quick success of downing two American fighters, the outnumbered North Vietnamese defenders faced the remaining F-100s and F-105s now fully alerted to their presence and turning their attention to the MiGs. Tran Hanh ordered his flight to split into two groups. He and wingman Pham Giay
3248:
of Lt. Cdr. R. A. Vohden was lost to AAA; Vohden spent the rest of the war as a POW. After his victory, Lan found himself short on fuel. He elected to save his plane by making a hard landing by a riverbed in the Ke Tam valley (Nghệ An Province). He was besieged by locals who expected to find an
3513:
In May 1966, an innovative attack, Operation Carolina Moon, was planned by the US Air Force. A new weapon was to be used: a large magnetic mine, that implemented a new energy mass-focusing concept. The plan was to float the mines down the river, till they reached the bridge, where the magnetic
3394:
In North Vietnam, MiG-17 flight leader Tran Hanh became a national hero. After losing all of their defending fighters and three pilots, in retrospect the action might seem to be a tactical draw, but it was nonetheless celebrated as a "glorious victory over US aircraft to ensure the flow of war
3612:
873 air sorties were expended against the bridge and it was hit by hundreds of bombs and missiles before finally being destroyed. It became something of a symbol of resistance for the North Vietnamese, and various legends of invincibility were attached to it. For the US planners it became an
3383:
credited with a probable kill. Based upon the report, the F-100s had obtained the first US aerial combat victories during the Vietnam War. If confirmed, Kilgus would have made the only air-to-air MiG kill by an F-100 during the conflict, while it was assumed the other MiGs escaped.
3374:
as both jets hurtled down toward the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin and the lighter MiG should have been able pull out of a dangerous dive more quickly. Now headed nearly straight down, Kilgus armed his guns and took aim at the spot projected on the glass of his A4 radar-ranging
3056:
in 1945. From 1957, the Vietnamese started rebuilding it. Allowing the passage of both road and rail traffic, it was a vital link between different regions of North Vietnam, and when the war started, became a strategic passage for supplies and reinforcements sent to the
3318:, unaware of the incoming threat. While North Vietnam had full radar coverage and ground control of their pilots, the short-range, forward-scanning radars in the F-100s didn't spot the MiGs in a part of the sky where they were not expected. The USAF would later use
3334:
control of his aircraft. Magnusson finally bailed out twenty miles away over the Gulf of Tonkin near the island of Hon Me, and was eventually listed as missing and then killed after a 48-hour search. The USAF confirmed the two F-105 losses during that engagement.
3289:
Each flight was given a call sign. These included "Steel", "Iron", "Copper", "Moon", "Carbon", "Zinc", "Argon", "Graphite", "Esso", "Mobil", "Shell", and "Petrol". "Cadillac" flight conducted Bomb Damage Assessment, while the search and rescue included
152:
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claiming the first probable American kill of the conflict. The encounter led to significant changes in American tactics and training, and a return to dog-fighting in air combat doctrine. Eventually, in 1972, the bridge was destroyed by USAF
3404:
Force chief of staff General John P. McConnell, was "hopping mad" to hear that two of America's most advanced F-105 Thunderchiefs had been shot down by slow, elderly left-over MIGs of the tiny 36-jet North Vietnamese air force.
3191:
part, the bridge did not fall, though traffic was stopped for a few hours. This was the only result of the raid, which had cost two aircraft — one F-100 (Lt. George C. Smith flying flak suppression) and one RF-101 — shot down.
3379:. While worrying about the rapidly falling altitude, he opened fire at 7,100 feet, observing puffs and sparks coming off Giay's vertical tail fin before losing visual contact as he pulled up, just barely clearing the water.
3429:
This experience would re-introduce the requirement that future fighters would need to be able to mix with MiGs on more equal terms and not just shoot missiles from a distance. This would lead to training programs such as
3224:
covering the operation. The metal-finished MiG-17PF was an all-weather interceptor version of the MiG-17 first flown in 1951. Armed with three 23mm cannons but no missiles, it was a faster upgraded MiG-15 fitted with an
3635:
in 1991. The shock of losing modern fighters in dogfights in 1965 was a landmark which led to a major shift in fighter design, away from interceptors firing missiles to agile designs capable in short-range air combat.
3599:
bombs. In a simultaneous attack, the center piling on the bridge's west side was hit and broke the span in half. After this, the Thanh Hóa Bridge was considered permanently destroyed and removed from the target list.
3391:
communist publication interviewed a MiG pilot who had actually shot down Capt. Harris' F-105 rather than ground fire. Harris was classified MIA, but had been actually captured and was imprisoned in Hanoi until 1973.
3310:'s airfields, escorting F-100s sixty miles north of the Song Chu estuary where the river meets the sea, were to warn of enemy aircraft and if possible to intercept, while four others orbited south of the estuary.
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3505:
missiles, but none had the precision and power to destroy it permanently. Several times, traffic over the bridge was interrupted, but every time, the North Vietnamese dutifully repaired the damage.
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Between 1968 and 1972, bombing of North Vietnam was discontinued, enabling the North Vietnamese to repair their infrastructures, including the Thanh Hóa bridge. With the communist invasion of
4184:
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4209:
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3592:, successfully delivered 8,000 lbs of high explosives with two planes carrying two 2,000 lb (910 kg) Walleyes, while two other carried a further 2,000 lbs in
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fighters. The new fighters that came on line during the 1970s would dominate American airpower for the remainder of the 20th century and inspire similar Soviet designs.
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aircraft which would fail to destroy the bridge until 1972, even after hundreds of attacks. The bridge was restored in 1973. As of 2016, the bridge still stands.
3627:
While the first employment of the Bullpup in 1965 proved a disappointment, the ultimate destruction of the bridge finally proved the promise and effectiveness of
3705:
After many raids, Ham Rong Bridge still stands proudly, and becomes the symbol for the resilience, indomitableness and patriotism of Thanh Hoa's army and people.
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sensors would set off the charges, hopefully wrecking it permanently. The only aircraft with a large enough hold to carry these weapons was the slow-flying
3101:
It was a grey metallic construction, resting on a central concrete pier, and on concrete abutments at each extremity. Completed in 1964, and inaugurated by
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Risner's Thunderchief was crippled by ground fire but, despite smoke in the cockpit, Risner continued to direct the strike before flying safely back to
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and using his height advantage, he accelerated and dived after the MiG at 450 knots. Kilgus recognized the Vietnamese pilot was pulling him into a
3474:
With the establishment of the Route Package system, the Thanh Hóa area was allocated to the US Navy. Between 1965 and 1968, until US President
3330:
but had his controls freeze up within sight of the base. Ejecting, he was killed when his parachute failed to open before he struck the water.
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3895:
3808:
3793:
3746:
298:
179:
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engaged, including 48 F-105s, carrying only 750 lb (340 kg) bombs, as the inadequacy of the Bullpup had been fully demonstrated.
3209:
at 09:47. The original plan was for the first flight to act as a decoy. The second flight never reached the strike force, as flight leader
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obsession, and many raids were planned against it despite their unpopularity with the pilots. A cynical rewording of the song the "
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339:
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100:
3105:
himself, the final bridge was 540 feet (160 m) long, 56 feet (17 m) wide, and about 50 feet (15 m) above the river.
346:
72:
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3325:
Coming from clouds above, the MiG-17s tore past the escorts and dove onto the bomb-laden Thunderchiefs. Vietnamese flight leader
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1537:
1492:
291:
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1982:
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surviving MiG-17 leader acknowledged 3 losses of 4 planes, plus one damaged in hard landing, US F-100s only claimed 1 probable
1053:
332:
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3179:
Launched on April 3, 1965, the attack saw all strike aircraft deliver their payload. Sixteen of the F-105s carried a pair of
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1007:
352:
79:
57:
3133:
The first — and largest — strike package to be sent against the bridge was codenamed 9-Alpha. Led by Korean War ace Colonel
459:
479:
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2190:
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1941:
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The other F-105s each carried three tons of explosives in the form of eight 750 lb (340 kg) bombs, more than
2483:
86:
3723:
3407:
The subsonic MiG-17s had been in service for over twelve years since 1953, and were barely improved over the original
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2428:
2423:
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1823:
673:
357:
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68:
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and unready to tangle with any fighters that might get past the escorts. Covering the north, in the direction of
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1961:
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1419:
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Originally built by the French during the colonial era in Vietnam, the Thanh Hóa bridge was sabotaged by the
3614:
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1918:
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3137:, it comprised 79 aircraft, including 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs as the main strike force. Other types were 21
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2015:
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suppressors to attack ground-based guns, fourteen F-100s acting as MiG CAP (combat air patrol) and two
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2373:
1628:
213:
464:
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1989:
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temporarily called off air raids against North Vietnam, the bridge was a regular objective for navy
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pilots were shot down over a 75-square-mile (190 km) area around the bridge during the war.
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The losses to MiGs resulted in the subsequent replacement of the F-100 Super Sabre escorts with
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MiG with his gun. The fortunate pilot was briefed the day before about this maneuver by Captain
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515:
474:
384:
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3346:, who would later become a significant voice in the design of America's fighter aircraft.
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transport, so the operation was due to take place at night, to reduce its vulnerability.
3201:
To meet the raid, the VPAF (Vietnam People's Air Force) had sent out two flights of four
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35:
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Perhaps a reference to the 48 attacking F-105s, of which three were shot down?
3667:
A Concise History of the U.S. Air Force/Flexible Response and Vietnam, page 67
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were escorted by a flight of 21 F-100 Super Sabres daylight fighters from the
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to just south of the bridge. The bombers would continue east until over the
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The F-100s were based in South Vietnam, while the others were based across
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from the F-86A (as well as a new, more sharply swept wing to increase its
3570:
3535:
3202:
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1969:
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inflicted significant losses on much larger and more advanced American
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3319:
3286:, and seventeen armed with 2.75-inch HVAR to suppress AAA batteries.
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3069:
4152:
3164:
Base (RTAFB) Korat and RTAFB Takhli would be air refueled over the
4067:"POW-MIA Case Synopsis: James A. Magnusson, Jr (1965 USAF attack)"
3985:
The Tiger Band Unhymnal, Clemson University, South Carolina, 1967.
3617:" was sung by fighter pilots, referring to this dangerous target.
3541:
3529:
3465:
3348:
3307:
3255:
3119:
2857:
4017:. (Osprey Combat Aircraft: 25). London: Osprey Publishing, 2001.
3068:
In their first air combat, a small force of seemingly mismatched
3439:
3169:
3501:
Several types of weapons were launched at the bridge including
3362:
Giay, Kilgus closed in and pulled up his nose so that the four
3322:
to provide full 360 degree radar coverage for strike packages.
287:
3314:
due to garbled transmission. The strike aircraft flew on like
29:
4102:
Rolling Thunder: Jet Combat from World War II to the Gulf War
3446:. The USAF would develop its own purpose-built FX supersonic
3913:"F-100 Versus MiG-17: The Air Battle Nobody Told You About"
3001:(Vietnamese: Cầu Hàm Rồng, Hàm Rồng Bridge), spanning the
3438:, which could not dogfight, was dropped in favor of the
156:
Thanh Hóa Bridge after it was hit by laser-guided bombs
3005:
river, is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of
3482:. Different types of aircraft were engaged including
3866:Zampini, Diego. "Víboras Mortales" (Deadly Snakes)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3738:USN F-4 Phantom II Vs VPAF MiG-17: Vietnam 1965-72
3963:April, 05 2010 Nation celebrates Ham Rong victory
4210:Aerial operations and battles of the Vietnam War
3554:in 1972, a new bombing campaign was instituted:
4143:Operation Freedom Train/ Operation Linebacker I
3249:American pilot until he showed his VPAF badge.
136:
4185:Buildings and structures in Thanh Hóa province
3689:"Visiting Ham Rong Historical Cultural Relic"
3298:rescue helicopters, call sign "Jolly Green."
299:
8:
3831:Tribute To John R. Boyd By Harry Hillaker
3366:guns would bear on the target. Lighting his
4148:40th anniversary of Ham Rong victory marked
4081:US Navy A-7 Corsair II Units of Vietnam War
3622:Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter and Vine
4094:POW Network HARRIS, CARLYLE SMITH "SMITTY"
4015:MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of the Vietnam War
4002:London: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1987.
3809:How It Happened Time Friday, Apr. 16, 1965
3785:MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of the Vietnam War
3041:, it was the objective of many attacks by
306:
292:
284:
133:
4180:Battles and operations of the Vietnam War
3076:at a cost of three of their own, with an
275:11 aircraft destroyed (1965), none (1972)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4215:Air-to-air combat operations and battles
4048:by Gary W. Foster; www.baileyprints.com"
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3644:
4079:Mersky, Peter and Bizer, Norm (2004);
3093:with advanced and conventional bombs.
3029:. The Vietnamese gave it the nickname
3229:engine, and a radar-ranging gunsight
2877:Bo De River, Nha Trang, Tha Cau River
7:
3561:On 27 April, twelve Phantoms of the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3874:. Nº 345, January 2007, pp. 58–59.
3546:A-7C of VA-82 operating in SE Asia
3353:416th TFS F-100Ds at Da Nang, 1965
3149:to do damage assessment, plus ten
3124:F-105Ds en route to North Vietnam.
25:
4000:North American F-100 Super Sabre.
229:1965: North Vietnamese victory
257:
246:
150:
34:
3663:"Flexible Response and Vietnam"
3276:416th Tactical Fighter Squadron
45:needs additional citations for
4153:Lethal Snakes (Mig-17 tactics)
3890:. Zenith Imprint. p. 68.
3788:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 30.
3741:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 21.
3620:In his 1976 essay collection,
3237:number, therefore top speed).
3160:. Flights of four F-105s from
1:
3911:Robert Dorr (18 April 2014).
3470:The Thanh Hóa bridge in 1972.
1493:New Year's Day battle of 1968
1558:Joint General Staff Compound
1548:Cholon and Phu Tho Racetrack
890:Thayer, Irving and Thayer II
168:April 4, 1965 – May 13, 1972
3434:. The expensive swing-wing
1486:Tet Offensive and aftermath
4241:
4220:Railway bridges in Vietnam
4028:Facon, Patrick(Ed)(1992);
3884:Thomas E. Gardner (2007).
3629:precision-guided munitions
3577:This time, four U.S. Navy
3244:The Navy recorded that an
3129:First raid, first dogfight
2927:Lists of allied operations
4200:Bridges completed in 1904
4190:Battles involving Vietnam
3782:Istvan Toperczer (2001).
3563:8th Tactical Fighter Wing
3442:, which evolved into the
3294:, call sign "Sandy", and
3115:Operation Rolling Thunder
3109:Operation Rolling Thunder
2359:Cambodia and Mekong Delta
329:
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239:
160:
149:
141:
3887:F-100 Super Sabre at War
3661:McFarland, Stephen Lee.
3415:in dogfights during the
3269:MiG-17s jump USAF F-105s
1942:DMZ Campaign (1969–1971)
1935:Vietnamization 1969–1971
1177:Malheur I and Malheur II
278:3 MiG-17 crashed (1965)
4195:Road bridges in Vietnam
4138:Operation Carolina Moon
3509:Operation Carolina Moon
3448:air superiority fighter
455:Dương Liễu – Nhông Pass
4225:Former railway bridges
4105:. Simon and Schuster.
4099:Rendall, Ivan (1999).
3933:Toperczer 2001, p. 31.
3693:www.vietnamtourism.com
3633:Operation Desert Storm
3547:
3539:
3471:
3354:
3296:HH-3 Jolly Green Giant
3265:
3125:
3113:With the beginning of
3037:). In 1965 during the
1563:Bien Hoa and Long Binh
195:19.83806°N 105.79417°E
3915:. DefenseMediaNetwork
3848:Anderton 1987, p. 71.
3735:Peter Davies (2009).
3545:
3533:
3469:
3352:
3344:Nellis Air Force Base
3259:
3123:
2764:Tan Son Nhut Air Base
2100:Montgomery Rendezvous
1983:Massachusetts Striker
1553:Tan Son Nhut Air Base
487:American intervention
270:Casualties and losses
4083:; Osprey Publishing
4046:The Thanh Hoa Bridge
4030:La guerre du Vietnam
3604:Aftermath and losses
3556:Operation Linebacker
3162:Royal Thai Air Force
939:Tan Son Nhut airbase
317:Military engagements
54:improve this article
4013:Toperczer, Istvan.
3998:Anderton, David A.
3494:, F-4 Phantoms and
3454:along with smaller
2411:Paris Peace Accords
2191:Pennsylvania Square
1845:Phase III Offensive
1740:Landing Zone Center
854:Baton Rouge Victory
200:19.83806; 105.79417
191: /
4158:2011-10-04 at the
3857:Davies pp. 87, 88.
3836:2007-09-17 at the
3548:
3540:
3538:laser-guided bombs
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3411:that sparred with
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3278:(416th TFS), four
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3231:reverse-engineered
3139:F-100 Super Sabres
3126:
3087:laser-guided bombs
3074:F-105 Thunderchief
3023:Thanh Hóa Province
3021:), the capital of
2525:Fall of Phnom Penh
2184:Cambodian campaign
214:Thanh Hóa Province
69:"Thanh Hóa Bridge"
4205:Vietnam War sites
4128:Map of the Bridge
4112:978-0-684-85780-0
4032:; Editions Atlas
3897:978-1-61673-258-5
3795:978-1-84176-162-6
3748:978-1-84603-475-6
3476:Lyndon B. Johnson
3153:tanker aircraft.
3078:F-100 Super Sabre
2992:
2991:
2538:Mayaguez incident
2232:Firebase O'Reilly
2114:Campbell Streamer
1824:Pocahontas Forest
695:Buddhist Uprising
591:Masher/White Wing
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16:(Redirected from
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3695:. 11 August 2016
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3615:Red River Valley
3399:American lessons
3262:North Vietnamese
3181:Bullpup missiles
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2999:Thanh Hóa Bridge
2799:Naval operations
2726:Proud Deep Alpha
2419:War of the flags
2403:The Vinh wiretap
2353:Easter Offensive
2088:Pipestone Canyon
2051:Washington Green
1756:Concordia Square
1696:Burlington Trail
1635:Truong Cong Dinh
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2128:Nantucket Beach
1859:Champaign Grove
1789:Mameluke Thrust
1653:My Lai Massacre
1307:Wheeler/Wallowa
1095:The Hill Fights
822:John Paul Jones
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3603:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:South Vietnam
3544:
3537:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3496:F-8 Crusaders
3493:
3492:A-6 Intruders
3489:
3485:
3481:
3480:Alpha strikes
3477:
3468:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:sitting ducks
3311:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:critical Mach
3232:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3212:
3211:Pham Ngoc Lan
3208:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3168:, then cross
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3063:South Vietnam
3060:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3015:pronunciation
3008:
3004:
3000:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:Custom Tailor
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2791:Frequent Wind
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:Linebacker II
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:Commando Hunt
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Iron Triangle
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:2nd Quang Trị
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Mỹ Chánh Line
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:1st Quang Trị
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2322:Caroline Hill
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2245:Imperial Lake
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:Clinch Valley
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2156:Randolph Glen
2153:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2148:Toan Thang IV
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:Fulton Square
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:Purple Martin
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1976:Iron Mountain
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1920:Taylor Common
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:Toan Thang II
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:May Offensive
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:Cochise Green
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:Tet Offensive
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:Shenandoah II
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:Suoi Chau Pha
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1238:Hong Kil Dong
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1191:Barking Sands
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:2nd Prek Klok
1037:
1035:
1034:1st Prek Klok
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:Junction City
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:Tra Binh Dong
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
974:
973:
968:
966:
965:
961:
960:
959:
958:
952:
951:Firebase Bird
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
927:
923:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
909:
907:
906:
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
891:
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
863:
862:
858:
856:
855:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
837:
833:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:
774:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
721:Davy Crockett
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
704:
702:
699:
697:
696:
692:
690:
689:
685:
683:
682:
678:
676:
675:
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
661:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:
645:
643:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:
617:
615:
612:
610:
609:
605:
601:
600:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
587:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:
573:
571:
570:
566:
565:
564:
563:
557:
556:
552:
550:
549:
548:Bushmaster II
545:
543:
542:
538:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
506:
502:
500:
499:
495:
494:
493:
492:
489:
488:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Camp Holloway
448:
446:
445:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:
423:
421:
420:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
403:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
386:
382:
380:
379:
375:
373:
372:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:
356:
354:
351:
349:
348:
344:
342:
341:
337:
336:
335:
334:
328:
323:
319:
309:
304:
302:
297:
295:
290:
289:
286:
277:
274:
273:
268:
265:
264:North Vietnam
260:
255:
253:United States
244:
243:
238:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:North Vietnam
215:
211:
204:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
159:
153:
148:
145:
140:
135:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2013
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4101:
4080:
4070:. Retrieved
4056:. Retrieved
4052:the original
4045:
4029:
4014:
3999:
3992:Bibliography
3981:
3969:
3958:
3949:
3938:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3906:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3868:(in Spanish)
3862:
3853:
3844:
3826:
3815:
3804:
3784:
3777:
3768:
3757:
3737:
3730:
3704:
3697:. Retrieved
3692:
3683:
3671:. Retrieved
3669:. Wikisource
3666:
3656:
3647:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3588:
3576:
3560:
3549:
3520:
3512:
3500:
3488:A-4 Skyhawks
3473:
3428:
3424:F-4 Phantoms
3421:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3360:
3356:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3288:
3272:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3227:afterburning
3220:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3178:
3166:Mekong River
3155:
3132:
3112:
3100:
3089:and US Navy
3083:F-4 Phantoms
3067:
3061:fighting in
3051:
3043:US Air Force
3035:Dragon's Jaw
3034:
3030:
2998:
2996:
2925:
2924:
2908:
2901:
2895:Pocket Money
2894:
2881:
2869:
2862:
2850:
2845:Double Eagle
2843:
2836:
2824:
2811:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2742:Enhance Plus
2740:
2734:Linebacker I
2733:
2731:
2724:
2719:Freedom Deal
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2595:Flaming Dart
2593:
2588:Pony Express
2586:
2579:
2574:Pierce Arrow
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2505:
2499:Ban Me Thuot
2498:
2489:
2488:
2434:Tong Le Chon
2408:
2407:
2389:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2314:FSB Mary Ann
2306:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2276:
2269:
2265:Son Tay Raid
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2226:Chicago Peak
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2133:
2126:
2121:Idaho Canyon
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1962:
1960:
1955:Dewey Canyon
1953:
1948:Bold Mariner
1946:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1864:
1857:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1782:Nevada Eagle
1780:
1773:
1754:
1750:South Saigon
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1688:Toan Thang I
1687:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1645:
1641:Lima Site 85
1633:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1586:
1584:
1568:
1530:
1523:
1504:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1471:Badger Tooth
1469:
1463:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1354:1st Loc Ninh
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1245:Diamond Head
1243:
1236:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1106:
1099:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1054:2nd Bàu Bàng
1027:
1025:
1018:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
969:
962:
956:
955:
943:
931:
924:
917:
910:
905:Deckhouse IV
903:
896:
889:
887:
880:
875:Sunset Beach
873:
866:
859:
853:
834:
827:
820:
808:
801:
794:
787:
775:
769:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
693:
686:
679:
672:
665:
658:
646:
639:
632:
625:
618:
606:
599:Double Eagle
597:
590:
588:
581:
574:
567:
561:
560:
555:Harvest Moon
553:
547:
540:
535:1st Bau Bang
520:
503:
496:
490:
485:
484:
442:
426:
418:
401:
383:
377:
370:
358:
345:
338:
331:
240:Belligerents
228:
142:Part of the
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4133:POW Network
3673:15 December
3565:, based at
3456:Teen Series
3444:F-14 Tomcat
3413:F-86 Sabres
3368:afterburner
3282:-armed for
3246:A-4 Skyhawk
3103:Ho Chi Minh
3091:Vought A-7s
3039:Vietnam War
2852:Stable Door
2838:Game Warden
2832:Vung Ro Bay
2826:Market Time
2698:Giant Lance
2684:Igloo White
2639:Tiger Hound
2618:Steel Tiger
2581:Barrel Roll
2506:Hue–Da Nang
2491:Spring 1975
2439:Trung Nghia
2413:(1973–1974)
2390:Thunderhead
2301:Finney Hill
2293:Lam Son 719
2176:FSB Ripcord
2163:Green River
2081:Lamar Plain
2065:Apache Snow
2030:Geneva Park
2016:Atlas Wedge
1899:Meade River
1831:Quyet Chien
1735:West Saigon
1717:Allen Brook
1703:Scotland II
1647:Quyet Thang
1609:Coronado XI
1457:Yellowstone
1392:Coronado IX
1299:Dragon Fire
1285:Coronado IV
1259:Coronado II
1133:Prairie III
1101:Beaver Cage
994:Sam Houston
972:Cedar Falls
964:Deckhouse V
789:Nathan Hale
742:Crazy Horse
735:Paul Revere
648:Silver City
634:Cocoa Beach
322:Vietnam War
320:during the
198: /
186:105°47′39″E
144:Vietnam War
4169:Categories
4072:2007-11-29
4058:2007-01-28
3640:References
3452:F-15 Eagle
3417:Korean War
3280:Sidewinder
3097:The bridge
2864:Sea Dragon
2784:Eagle Pull
2758:Homecoming
2646:Shed Light
2567:Ranch Hand
2484:Phước Long
2474:Thượng Đức
2459:Svay Rieng
2444:Ap Da Bien
2328:Long Khánh
2205:Elk Canyon
2170:Texas Star
2009:Maine Crag
1990:Wayne Grey
1872:Thượng Đức
1543:US Embassy
1525:Coronado X
1443:Manchester
1315:Coronado V
1266:Hood River
1232:The Slopes
1161:Kingfisher
1140:Prairie IV
1126:Prairie II
1008:Enterprise
912:Shenandoah
770:Lam Son II
714:Birmingham
183:19°50′17″N
80:newspapers
4175:Thanh Hóa
3587:USS
3585:, aboard
3340:John Boyd
3327:Trần Hanh
3302:command.
3219:USS
3217:from the
3203:MiG-17PFs
3059:Viet Cong
3054:Viet Minh
3007:Thanh Hóa
2909:End Sweep
2652:Thanh Hoa
2625:Arc Light
2602:Iron Hand
2553:Farm Gate
2512:Phan Rang
2449:Quang Duc
2334:Chenla II
2107:Utah Mesa
1878:Maui Peak
1602:Hop Tac I
1575:Quảng Trị
1464:Muscatine
1385:Lancaster
1362:MacArthur
1349:Ong Thanh
1226:Concordia
1184:Kole Kole
1108:Con Thien
1089:Manhattan
898:Attleboro
777:Hawthorne
756:Hardihood
728:Austin IV
701:Xa Cam My
583:Van Buren
480:Dong Xoai
413:Kien Long
408:Long Dinh
353:Đồng Khởi
210:Thanh Hóa
4156:Archived
3834:Archived
3762:MiG-17PF
3571:Thailand
3536:BOLT-117
3377:gunsight
3364:M39 20mm
3213:spotted
3158:Thailand
3031:Hàm Rồng
2920:East Sea
2889:Đồng Hới
2883:Sealords
2816:stations
2777:New Life
2770:Babylift
2671:Yen Vien
2518:Xuân Lộc
2454:Tri Phap
2429:Hồng Ngự
2424:Cửa Việt
2369:Loc Ninh
2259:Tailwind
2238:Chenla I
1905:Hat Dich
1866:Vinh Loc
1762:Kham Duc
1710:Delaware
1666:Carentan
1594:Lo Giang
1517:Lang Vei
1506:Khe Sanh
1450:Saratoga
1427:Napoleon
1406:Santa Fe
1252:Coronado
1219:Billings
1198:Union II
1170:Crockett
1154:Kentucky
1049:Suoi Tre
1001:Pershing
933:Geronimo
861:Amarillo
847:Long Tan
836:Colorado
810:Hastings
783:Hill 488
688:Jackstay
681:Fillmore
627:Harrison
620:New York
569:Marauder
541:Ia Drang
528:Gang Toi
498:Starlite
460:Qui Nhơn
444:Binh Gia
433:Nam Dong
396:Hiep Hoa
347:Biên Hòa
173:Location
3872:Defensa
3699:20 July
3589:America
3450:as the
3409:MiG-15s
3320:EC-121s
3221:Hancock
3196:Da Nang
3070:MiG-17s
3047:US Navy
3027:Vietnam
3003:Song Ma
2979:1973–74
2677:Niagara
2560:Chopper
2479:Phú Lộc
2469:Duc Duc
2141:LZ Kate
2094:Binh Ba
2003:Ben Het
1970:2nd Tet
1851:Duc Lap
1811:Binh An
1673:Pegasus
1623:Patrick
1616:Houston
1580:Bến Tre
1538:Da Nang
1435:Phoenix
1378:Osceola
1329:Bolling
1205:Dragnet
1147:Buffalo
1119:Hickory
1068:Lejeune
987:Gadsden
945:Fairfax
919:Atlanta
829:Prairie
763:Wahiawa
749:El Paso
707:Georgia
674:Lincoln
608:Mastiff
516:Plei Me
511:An Ninh
505:Piranha
470:Sông Bé
391:Go Cong
371:Sunrise
359:Chopper
94:scholar
4109:
4087:
4036:
4021:
4006:
3919:9 July
3894:
3792:
3745:
3436:F-111B
3432:TOPGUN
3284:MiGCAP
3151:KC-135
3085:using
2810:&
2807:Yankee
2665:Popeye
2384:Kontum
2374:An Lộc
2340:Nui Le
1745:An Bao
1730:Dai Do
1659:Walker
1629:Tam Kỳ
1587:Coburg
1499:McLain
1478:Auburn
1399:Neosho
1369:Dak To
1336:Medina
1278:Benton
1020:Bribie
980:Desoto
882:Seward
842:Duc Co
660:Oregon
475:Ba Gia
465:Ka Nak
438:An Lao
385:Ấp Bắc
378:Shufly
251:
225:Result
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3594:Mk 84
3583:VA-82
3581:from
3342:from
3308:Hanoi
3205:from
3188:B-17s
2858:PIRAZ
2813:Dixie
2712:Patio
2409:Post-
2284:Snuol
1805:Robin
1413:Essex
1322:Kunia
1292:Swift
1212:Akron
1082:Baker
1075:Union
1044:Ap Gu
803:Macon
667:Texas
654:A Sau
576:Crimp
425:USNS
208:Near
101:JSTOR
87:books
4107:ISBN
4085:ISBN
4034:ISBN
4019:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3976:Time
3921:2020
3892:ISBN
3790:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3701:2018
3675:2014
3579:A-7s
3567:Ubon
3440:VFAX
3170:Laos
3045:and
2997:The
2984:1975
2974:1972
2969:1971
2964:1970
2959:1969
2954:1968
2949:1967
2944:1966
2939:1965
2934:1964
2705:Menu
2658:Bolo
2346:1972
1817:Thor
957:1967
868:Byrd
641:Utah
562:1966
522:Hump
491:1965
427:Card
340:Laos
165:Date
73:news
3143:AAA
3141:as
3025:in
1569:Hue
1112:DMZ
852:SS
796:Jay
402:34A
56:by
4171::
3870:.
3712:^
3703:.
3691:.
3665:.
3597:GP
3569:,
3558:.
3498:.
3490:,
3486:,
3260:A
3198:.
3176:.
3065:.
216:,
212:,
4115:.
4075:.
4061:.
4044:"
4025:.
4010:.
3923:.
3900:.
3798:.
3751:.
3677:.
3033:(
3009:(
1110:/
1056:)
1032:(
307:e
300:t
293:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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