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in early 1957 and lasted until 1958. The first cases were reported in
Singapore in February 1957. In February 1957, a new influenza A (H2N2) virus emerged in East Asia, triggering a pandemic (βAsian Fluβ). This H2N2 virus was composed of three different genes from an H2N2 virus that originated from
611:
an avian influenza A virus, including the H2 hemagglutinin and the N2 neuraminidase genes. It was first reported in
Singapore in February 1957, Hong Kong in April 1957, and in coastal cities in the United States in summer 1957. Some authors believe it originated from mutation in
619:
by April, and US by June. Estimates of US and worldwide deaths caused by this pandemic varies widely depending on source; ranging from approximately 69,800 to 116,000 in the United States, and worldwide from 1 million to 4 million, with the
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624:(WHO) settling on "about 2 million," with an overall mortality rate of 0.6%. Asian Flu was of the H2N2 subtype (a notation that refers to the configuration of the
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550:. It is also suspected of causing a human pandemic in 1889. The geographic spreading of the 1889 Russian flu has been studied and published.
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1154:
Persistence of Q strain of H2N2 influenza virus in avian species: antigenic, biological and genetic analysis of avian and human H2N2 viruses
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From
October 2004 to February 2005, approximately 3,700 test kits of the 1957 H2N2 virus were accidentally spread around the world from the
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subtypes. The 1957 H2N2 virus is considered deadly and the U.S. government called for the vials containing the strain to be destroyed.
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Interim CDC-NIH Recommendation for
Raising the Biosafety Level for Laboratory Work Involving Noncontemporary Human Influenza Viruses
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for which detailed records are available. More recently, there are speculations that it might have been caused by one of the
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Hilleman, Maurice R. (2002). "Realities and enigmas of human viral influenza: pathogenesis, epidemiology and control".
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was caused by the influenzavirus A virus subtype H2N2, but the evidence is not conclusive. It is the earliest
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2009:
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which is a medical textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of epidemic and pandemic influenza.
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1994:
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1013:"The coronavirus may be deadlier than the 1918 flu: Here's how it stacks up to other pandemics"
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combining with a pre-existing human strain. Other authors are less certain. It reached
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Both the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains contained avian influenza virus RNA segments.
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676:(CAP). CAP assists laboratories in accuracy by providing unidentified samples of
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Pandemic preparedness: lessons learnt from H2N2 and H9N2 candidate vaccines
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Chapter Two : Avian
Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner
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17:
41:"H2N2" redirects here. For the chemical compound with the formula H
1932:
677:
607:
81:
992:. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 22 January 2019
938:"The Origins of Pandemic Influenza β Lessons from the 1918 Virus"
647:
547:
543:
1998:
1175:
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What four coronaviruses from history can tell us about covid-19
761:. April 2, 1998. Archived from the original on 24 October 2004.
788:"1889 Pandemic Didn't Need Planes to Circle Globe in 4 Months"
1171:
659:
688:, chose the 1957 strain instead of one of the less deadly
30:"Asiatic influenza" redirects here. For the 1890 flu, see
1168:
Database of influenza sequences and related information.
1165:
538:. H2N2 has mutated into various strains including the "
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Plague, SARS, and the story of medicine in Hong Kong
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1209:
1096:"Vendor thought H2N2 virus was safe, officials say"
1149:Pandemic-causing 'Asian flu' accidentally released
908:
639:was developed in 1957 to contain its outbreak.
3015:
2010:
1187:
857:"A slippery disease: a microbiologist's view"
506:
8:
680:; private contractor Meridian Bioscience in
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2017:
2003:
1995:
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1753:
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1601:
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1194:
1180:
1172:
990:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
635:in the virus) of type A influenza, and an
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499:
201:
55:
2198:"Cocoliztli" epidemics in colonial Mexico
1042:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
953:
880:
722:
1011:Lovelace Jr., Berkeley (26 March 2020).
902:
900:
701:
642:The Asian Flu strain later evolved via
204:
764:
2265:Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty
1984:US influenza statistics by flu season
7:
1106:from the original on 30 January 2019
542:" strain (now extinct in the wild),
798:from the original on April 29, 2010
558:For the 1977β1978 Russian flu, see
1979:2017β2018 United States flu season
845:, on: New Scientist, 29 April 2020
786:Alexis Madrigal (April 26, 2010).
25:
1718:Live attenuated influenza vaccine
986:"1957-1958 Pandemic (H2N2 virus)"
2970:encephalitis lethargica epidemic
936:Belshe, Robert B. (2005-11-24).
674:College of American Pathologists
565:Some believe that the 1889β1890
442:2015 United States H5N2 outbreak
212:
68:
2748:Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis
2045:List of epidemics and pandemics
1094:Roos, Robert (April 13, 2005).
942:New England Journal of Medicine
577:first discovered in the 1960s.
546:, and various strains found in
59:Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
1080:from free on-line Book called
526:Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
194:Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
1:
3050:Subtypes of Influenza A virus
2073:
1776:Russian flu (1889–1890)
733:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00254-2
1140: (archived 6 March 2016)
1038:Starling, Arthur E. (2006).
587:1957β1958 influenza pandemic
27:Subtype of Influenza A virus
1166:Influenza Research Database
755:"The Influenza H5N1 Report"
297:Seasonal flu vaccine brands
3076:
2858:2024 Latin American dengue
2638:Western African meningitis
2452:Pacific Northwest smallpox
1551:Transmission and infection
584:
557:
432:2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1
40:
36:Asian flu (disambiguation)
29:
2464:Buenos Aires yellow fever
2362:Philadelphia yellow fever
2332:Great Plague of Marseille
2326:Great Northern War plague
2320:Iceland smallpox epidemic
2040:
1831:Central Luzon H5N6 (2017)
1771:Influenza pandemic (1557)
1766:Influenza pandemic (1510)
771:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
622:World Health Organization
63:
58:
3028:Mpox (clade Ib) epidemic
3022:Mpox (clade II) outbreak
2982:Seventh cholera pandemic
1873:2007 Australian outbreak
915:. St. Martin's Griffin.
873:10.1136/bmj.332.7544.789
855:Pennington, T H (2006).
34:. For other topics, see
2940:Fourth cholera pandemic
2922:Second cholera pandemic
2768:Γquateur province Ebola
2356:North American smallpox
2271:Great Plague of Seville
1660:Neuraminidase inhibitor
1144:New Scientist: Bird Flu
907:Green, Jeffrey (2006).
602:that first appeared in
447:2020β2022 H5N8 outbreak
3060:1889β1890 flu pandemic
2958:Sixth cholera pandemic
2946:Fifth cholera pandemic
2928:Third cholera pandemic
2916:First cholera pandemic
2898:Second plague pandemic
2458:Barcelona yellow fever
2303:Great Plague of Vienna
2289:Great Plague of London
2259:Massachusetts smallpox
1974:Influenza-like illness
1643:Adamantane derivatives
818:"Encarta on influenza"
664:
591:The "Asian Flu" was a
485:Vaccine reformulations
480:Influenza-like illness
427:2007 Australian equine
32:1889β1890 flu pandemic
2934:Third plague pandemic
2892:First plague pandemic
2686:Western African Ebola
2596:Chikungunya outbreaks
2548:Malaysian Nipah virus
2416:Great Plains smallpox
1824:1989β1990 UK outbreak
1786:Asian flu (1957-1958)
1082:Influenza Report 2006
911:The Bird Flu Pandemic
690:avian influenza virus
663:
372:1889-1890 Russian flu
2994:Russian flu pandemic
2736:Angolan yellow fever
2487:San Francisco plague
2440:Broad Street cholera
2338:Great Plague of 1738
1791:Hong Kong flu (1968)
1583:Pandemic preparation
717:(25β26): 3068β3087.
65:Virus classification
2900:(1348β19th century)
2828:New Zealand measles
2656:Darfur yellow fever
2499:LA pneumonic plague
2116:Plague of Justinian
955:10.1056/NEJMp058281
654:from 1968 to 1969.
470:Influenza evolution
382:1957-1958 Asian flu
168:Alphainfluenzavirus
2910:Influenza pandemic
2904:Influenza pandemic
2852:Bangsamoro measles
2834:Singaporean dengue
2798:Pacific NW measles
2792:Philippine measles
2780:Madagascar measles
2762:Kerala Nipah virus
2755:Saudi Arabian MERS
2668:Singaporean dengue
2614:Zimbabwean cholera
2584:Singaporean dengue
2428:Copenhagen cholera
2410:Groningen epidemic
2204:Influenza pandemic
2186:Influenza pandemic
1781:Spanish flu (1918)
1700:Baloxavir marboxil
1525:West Bengal (2008)
1460:1977 (Russian flu)
1455:1918 (Spanish flu)
1076:2017-08-09 at the
665:
532:) is a subtype of
475:Influenza research
387:1968 Hong Kong flu
322:Baloxavir marboxil
3055:1957 in Hong Kong
3037:
3036:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2810:Kuala Koh measles
2724:South Korean MERS
2712:Polio declaration
2700:Madagascar plague
2632:Gujarat hepatitis
2620:Madagascar plague
2572:Midwest monkeypox
2523:Yugoslav smallpox
2493:Manchurian plague
2434:Stockholm cholera
2371:
2370:
2158:Sweating sickness
2146:Japanese smallpox
2095:Plague of Cyprian
2034:disease outbreaks
1992:
1991:
1909:
1908:
1839:
1838:
1819:Fujian flu (H3N2)
1741:
1740:
1620:
1619:
1591:
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1546:Genetic structure
1489:
1488:
1293:Influenza A virus
1232:Genome sequencing
1049:978-962-209-805-3
948:(21): 2209β2211.
867:(7544): 789β790.
794:. Wired Science.
652:a milder pandemic
637:influenza vaccine
535:Influenza A virus
523:
522:
200:
199:
181:Influenza A virus
16:(Redirected from
3067:
3017:
2804:New York measles
2758:
2718:Indian swine flu
2706:Odisha hepatitis
2696:
2650:Pakistani dengue
2602:Pakistani dengue
2551:
2517:WrocΕaw smallpox
2470:Hong Kong plague
2404:Caragea's plague
2382:
2299:
2192:Mexican smallpox
2176:
2128:Plague of Sheroe
2083:Plague of Athens
2078:
2075:
2058:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1923:Acute bronchitis
1848:
1801:Swine flu (2009)
1796:1977 Russian flu
1754:
1690:
1631:
1602:
1500:
1465:2009 (Swine flu)
1443:
1263:Orthomyxoviridae
1196:
1189:
1182:
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1111:
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1019:. f NBCUniversal
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820:. Archived from
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600:influenzavirus A
560:1977 Russian flu
515:
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437:2008 West Bengal
392:1977 Russian flu
377:1918 Spanish flu
216:
202:
156:Orthomyxoviridae
73:
72:
56:
21:
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3064:
3040:
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2753:
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2674:Swansea measles
2626:Bolivian dengue
2554:
2546:
2535:Indian smallpox
2505:Croydon typhoid
2475:
2367:
2308:
2294:
2229:
2170:
2163:
2134:Plague of Amwas
2107:
2100:
2089:Antonine Plague
2076:
2049:
2036:
2023:
1993:
1988:
1962:
1905:
1884:
1835:
1805:
1750:
1748:
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1635:Antiviral drugs
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1573:Human mortality
1566:clinical trials
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1138:Wayback Machine
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1123:Further reading
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1078:Wayback Machine
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670:
644:antigenic shift
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422:2006 H5N1 India
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292:Live attenuated
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206:Influenza (flu)
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144:Articulavirales
132:Insthoviricetes
120:Negarnaviricota
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3002:(1981βpresent)
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2854:(2023βpresent)
2849:
2846:Jamaica dengue
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2807:
2801:
2795:
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2742:Yemeni cholera
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2727:
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2693:DR Congo Ebola
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2398:Maltese plague
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2392:Ottoman plague
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2350:Persian Plague
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2344:Russian plague
2341:
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2296:Maltese plague
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2277:Maltese plague
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2253:Italian plague
2250:
2247:Maltese plague
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2216:Maltese plague
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2070:Hittite plague
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1967:Related topics
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2840:Uganda Ebola
2559:21st century
2541:Surat plague
2511:NYC smallpox
2480:20th century
2385:19th century
2313:18th century
2234:17th century
2200:(1545, 1576)
2179:16th century
2122:Roman Plague
2091:(165β180 AD)
2085:(429β426 BC)
2032:and notable
1958:Strep throat
1938:Otitis media
1515:India (2006)
1312:
1237:Reassortment
1108:. Retrieved
1099:
1089:
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1021:. Retrieved
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994:. Retrieved
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826:. Retrieved
822:the original
812:
800:. Retrieved
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598:outbreak of
596:flu pandemic
590:
571:flu pandemic
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193:
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167:
155:
143:
131:
119:
107:
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88:
78:(unranked):
3030:(2023β2024)
3024:(2022β2023)
3008:(2009β2010)
2996:(1977β1979)
2990:(1968β1970)
2984:(1961β1975)
2978:(1957β1958)
2972:(1919β1930)
2966:(1918β1920)
2964:Spanish flu
2960:(1899β1923)
2954:(1889β1890)
2952:Russian flu
2948:(1881β1896)
2942:(1863β1879)
2936:(1855β1860)
2930:(1852β1860)
2924:(1829β1851)
2918:(1816β1826)
2912:(1557β1559)
2842:(2022β2023)
2830:(2019β2020)
2824:(2019β2020)
2822:DRC measles
2776:(2018β2020)
2744:(2016β2022)
2732:(2015β2016)
2688:(2013β2016)
2682:(2013β2014)
2680:Chikungunya
2646:(2010β2019)
2640:(2009β2010)
2622:(2008β2017)
2616:(2008β2009)
2580:(2003β2005)
2568:(2002β2004)
2550:(1998β1999)
2531:(1972β1973)
2495:(1910β1911)
2489:(1900β1904)
2454:(1862β1863)
2424:(1847β1848)
2418:(1837β1838)
2400:(1813β1814)
2394:(1812β1819)
2364:(1793β1798)
2358:(1780β1782)
2346:(1770β1772)
2334:(1720β1722)
2328:(1710β1712)
2322:(1707β1708)
2298:(1675β1676)
2291:(1665β1666)
2273:(1647β1652)
2267:(1633β1644)
2255:(1629β1631)
2224:(1592β1593)
2218:(1592β1593)
2212:(1563β1564)
2206:(1557β1559)
2160:(1485β1551)
2154:(1346β1353)
2152:Black Death
2077: 1330
1943:Pharyngitis
1889:Non-mammals
1670:Laninamivir
1665:Oseltamivir
1653:Rimantadine
1481:2009 A/H1N1
1283:Influenza D
1278:Influenza C
1273:Influenza B
1268:Influenza A
1110:12 February
567:Russian flu
554:Russian flu
342:Rimantadine
332:Oseltamivir
327:Laninamivir
3044:Categories
2774:Kivu Ebola
2529:London flu
1695:Umifenovir
1687:Peramivir
1648:Amantadine
1626:Treatments
1247:Flu season
922:0312360568
828:2008-08-20
696:References
682:Cincinnati
613:wild ducks
593:category 2
465:Flu season
347:Umifenovir
317:Amantadine
189:Serotype:
3006:Swine flu
2976:Asian flu
2894:(541β767)
2863:Argentina
2148:(735β737)
2142:(664β689)
2136:(638β639)
2130:(627β628)
2118:(541β542)
2108:classical
2097:(250β266)
2030:epidemics
2026:Pandemics
1953:Sinusitis
1948:Pneumonia
1844:Non-human
1811:Epidemics
1758:Pandemics
1749:epidemics
1728:Pandemrix
1680:Zanamivir
1675:Peramivir
1612:2020β2022
1605:Outbreaks
1520:UK (2007)
1503:Outbreaks
1447:Pandemics
1227:Treatment
1203:Influenza
964:0028-4793
802:April 28,
759:Pliva.com
719:CiteSeerX
668:Test kits
617:Hong Kong
581:Asian flu
540:Asian flu
410:Outbreaks
365:Pandemics
352:Zanamivir
337:Peramivir
310:Treatment
285:Pandemrix
175:Species:
103:Kingdom:
96:Riboviria
3012:COVID-19
3000:HIV/AIDS
2578:Bird flu
1710:Vaccines
1295:subtypes
1217:Research
1104:Archived
1074:Archived
1058:68909495
1023:25 April
972:16306515
891:16575087
796:Archived
767:cite web
741:12163258
633:proteins
459:See also
273:Vaccines
151:Family:
115:Phylum:
2062:Ancient
1851:Mammals
1561:Vaccine
1539:Science
1474:Science
1256:Viruses
1222:Vaccine
1136:at the
996:4 April
882:1420718
711:Vaccine
678:viruses
604:Guizhou
163:Genus:
139:Order:
127:Class:
51:Diazene
2906:(1510)
2884:Global
2865:(2024)
2848:(2023)
2836:(2020)
2818:(2019)
2812:(2019)
2806:(2019)
2800:(2019)
2794:(2019)
2788:(2019)
2782:(2018)
2770:(2018)
2764:(2018)
2757:(2018)
2750:(2017)
2738:(2016)
2726:(2015)
2720:(2015)
2714:(2014)
2708:(2014)
2702:(2014)
2695:(2014)
2676:(2013)
2670:(2013)
2664:(2012)
2658:(2012)
2652:(2011)
2634:(2009)
2628:(2009)
2610:(2007)
2604:(2006)
2598:(2006)
2592:(2006)
2586:(2005)
2574:(2003)
2543:(1994)
2537:(1974)
2525:(1972)
2519:(1963)
2513:(1947)
2507:(1937)
2501:(1924)
2472:(1894)
2466:(1871)
2460:(1870)
2448:(1856)
2442:(1854)
2436:(1853)
2430:(1853)
2422:Typhus
2412:(1829)
2406:(1813)
2377:Modern
2352:(1772)
2340:(1738)
2305:(1679)
2285:(1656)
2279:(1655)
2261:(1633)
2249:(1623)
2243:(1603)
2194:(1520)
2188:(1510)
2171:modern
1868:Equine
1863:Feline
1858:Canine
1733:Audenz
1723:Brands
1100:CIDRAP
1056:
1046:
970:
962:
919:
889:
879:
739:
721:
530:A/H2N2
248:Equine
243:Canine
49:, see
2169:Early
2124:(590)
2106:Post-
2054:Local
1933:Croup
1896:Avian
1880:Swine
1428:H11N9
1423:H11N2
1418:H10N8
1413:H10N7
1408:H10N3
792:Wired
646:into
608:China
548:birds
253:Swine
231:Avian
224:Types
89:Realm
82:Virus
2730:Zika
2662:MERS
2566:SARS
1597:H5N8
1495:H5N1
1438:H1N1
1403:H9N2
1398:H7N9
1393:H7N7
1388:H7N4
1383:H7N3
1378:H7N2
1373:H7N1
1368:H6N1
1363:H5N9
1358:H5N8
1353:H5N6
1348:H5N3
1343:H5N2
1338:H5N1
1333:H3N8
1328:H3N2
1323:H3N1
1318:H2N3
1313:H2N2
1308:H1N2
1303:H1N1
1112:2020
1054:OCLC
1044:ISBN
1025:2020
1017:CNBC
998:2020
968:PMID
960:ISSN
917:ISBN
887:PMID
804:2010
773:link
737:PMID
686:U.S.
648:H3N2
628:and
544:H3N2
18:H2N2
2079:BC)
950:doi
946:353
877:PMC
869:doi
865:332
861:BMJ
729:doi
3046::
2074:c.
2028:,
1102:.
1098:.
1052:.
1015:.
988:.
966:.
958:.
944:.
940:.
899:^
885:.
875:.
863:.
859:.
790:.
769:}}
765:{{
757:.
735:.
727:.
715:20
713:.
684:,
606:,
91::
3018:)
3016:*
2072:(
2018:e
2011:t
2004:v
1195:e
1188:t
1181:v
1114:.
1060:.
1027:.
1000:.
974:.
952::
925:.
893:.
871::
831:.
806:.
775:)
743:.
731::
562:.
528:(
514:e
507:t
500:v
53:.
47:2
45:N
43:2
38:.
20:)
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