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view, the sort of view held by
Creationists. The second is more subtile. It is the naturalist view. Advocates of either notion urge us to believe things that cannot be put to the test. Whether God created the heavens and the earth in six days or whether there are parallel universes have nothing whatsoever to do with science no matter how gladly true believers would have it so. Central to all science is the testable hypothesis. If it is not there, we are not talking about science.
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were common place and everyone blamed everyone else, Engelmann sought answers to questions no one else was asking. Statistically speaking, how do groups emerge? In terms of probability how can they persist? The questions involve two mathematical curves. One represents the likelihood that a subgroup of a specific size will emerge; the other is the probability that it will persist. The product of the two curves provided the answer for the
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patterns. Like the outward expansion of
Charlemagne's forces, a similar pattern was noticed in the Common Market. Even Charlemagne's capital, Aachen, is a mere 75 miles from NATO headquarters in Brussels. Matthew Omolesky, in his 2009 article about the European Union, "Between Rome and Byzantium," cites Engelmann's observation about the geographic similarity between the Common Market and Charlemagne's Empire too.
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539:. It insisted it was "a journal of communication, published cooperatively by its contributors, under the auspices of WSA Wisconsin Sociological Association. Communications may cover any subject matter of concern to social scientists in their respective roles as scientific workers, teachers, and professional employees."
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A recurring theme in
Engelmann's work refers to professional manipulators engaging others in activity for its own sake regardless of its nature or consequences. In his last paper, "Science under Siege", he warned of two sorts of religion edging their way into science. The first is the supernaturalist
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In the 1960s
Engelmann regularly participated in civil rights marches and was a strong advocate for racial and gender equality at a time when neither could be taken for granted even at universities. In the early 1970s one of his papers - an analysis of bussing and neighborhood schools—was quoted in a
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Engelmann's sociology of knowledge carefully distinguished between total relativism and intellectually adequate work. In other words, “…ideas limited by one’s own social position will be biased…Engelmann argued that scientific observations (and laws) are societally invariate--true across the entire
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Most intriguing was
Engelmann's concept central to almost all his hypotheses. Both the intensity and complexity of an average individual's behavior cannot increase simultaneously. As one goes up the other goes down. Twenty-three centuries after Aristotle we find an explanation for his assertion, "If
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Great theories generate numerous testable hypotheses. Engelmann's theory was very successful in that regard. His hypotheses were on target whether about aggression, random violence, cultural closure, anti-intellectualism, diminishing freedoms, or scientific viewpoints. In the late 1960s when riots
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His anthropological views were laid out in "The
Activity Bias of Ethnography and the History of Society" (1960). Researchers are prone to focus on the physical manifestations of people's activity, such as pottery, tools, or weapons, but ignore their experiential patterns. As technology becomes more
610:. Each in his own way underscored the fact that society is a network of direct and indirect interactions. Their views on society, which were very similar to those of Engelmann, became many years later the source of an article by one of his former students called "The Preacher and the Physicist".
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About injustice he had this to say, "...when we restrict the behavioral development of others, we are depriving ourselves of interactive opportunities, and limit our own development. Thus, we can say in a very real sense that 'Whatsoever we shall do unto the least of them, we shall have done to
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Engelmann's historical perspective was especially evident in "The
European Empire: From Charlemagne to the Common Market" (1962). The geographic similarity between Charlemagne's Empire and that of the Common Market almost twelve-hundred years later was attributed to similar phases of migration
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Beyond a certain point totalitarian power structures eclipse authoritarian ones. Sheer amounts of interaction transform vertical power structures into horizontal ones as more and more people exercise power over each other. In "Orwell, Modern
Thought, and Totalitarianism" Engelmann drew a stark
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Through billions of small-scale social interactions society changes in piecemeal ways and often in contradictory directions. Still, the overall thrust of social change can be discerned. In his 1967 paper "Population
Expansion and the Social System," Engelmann outlined his basic theory. As the
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in 1989 he taught, wrote, and traveled throughout the US and Europe. Retirement did not change much. He continued his active correspondence with colleagues and former students for 30 years and more. He remained active in sociology until his death on
February 2, 2002, in DeKalb, Illinois.
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we take intense delight in one thing, we cannot do anything else at all." We also find that behavioral intensity increases with rising interaction frequency even as complexity declines. Therein lies the source of both power exercise and the widespread approval of it in modern times.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. and A. E. Cash. 1981. "The decline of power exercise at high interaction frequency levels," International Journal of Contemporary Sociology. 8. Engelmann, Hugo O. 1985. „Orwell, modern thought, and totalitarianism,” Quarterly Journal of Ideology. Vol. 9, No. 2:
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in 1967. Those groups most likely to emerge and to persist are the ones that amount to one-third of the total population, whether they be ethnic enclaves in the city, students protesting in the streets, social movements coming to the fore, or local governments on the rise.
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distinction between authoritarian and totalitarian societies. "Authoritarian police officials aiming at outward compliance suppress activities considered undesirable. Totalitarian leaders look for inner conviction expressed in positive enthusiasm or contrite confession."
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In his paper "A Sociohistorical Perspective for East European Developments" he made his point even more forcefully, "While totalitarianism derives from psychological rigidity, authoritarian rule depends on external enforcement of regulations through power exercise."
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world's population increases people interact with each other more and more frequently due to crowding, migration, and travel. Freedom declines, power exercise at first increases but later abates (see also Engelmann and Cash, 1981),) and violence becomes boundless.
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For most of his life he was first and foremost a sociologist. Ethnicity and religion were distant runners up. He was a strong supporter of intellectual freedom, equal rights, civil liberties, and workers. That spirit is evident in the first
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and more developed researchers all too often conclude that society is increasing in complexity. They ignore the possibility that activity expands at expense to experiential intricacy.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 1991. "A sociohistorical perspective for East European developments," Journal of Political and Military Sociology. Vol. 19 (Winter) 217-231.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 1960. "The Activity Bias of Ethnography and the History of Society," Anthropological Quarterly. Vol. 33. No. 3, July:158-163.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 2001. "Letters to the Editor. Science under siege," submitted for publication Skeptical Inquirer, dated. October 11., 2001.
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Johnson, Warren R. 2001. The Preacher and the Physicist, UMUC Social Sciences Newsletter. Term II 2001-2002, Heidelberg, Germany.
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1960-62, then again in 1965-70. In 1963 Engelmann was president of the Wisconsin Sociological Association. He is named in
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Mica, J. Hunter. 2006. Assistant Director of Admission for Research and Information, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 1970. "Population Expansion and the Social System," Indian Sociological Bulletin. pp. 21-38.
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in 1938, he worked as a laborer in the fields of France until he was able to sail to America, as recorded in
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Elder, Joann F. 2000. "The Wisconsin Sociological Association A Brief History,” University of Wisconsin.
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Nelson, James K. 1998. "Milwaukee School Desegregation in the 1960s," University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 1962. "The European Empire: From Charlemagne to the Common Market,"
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Engelmann, Hugo. 2002. Journey Into a New Life. Carmel, IN, Simudell Publishers.
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 2001. Letters to the Editor. "Science is under siege,"
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Youngquist, Wayne A. 1968. "Wooden shoes and the one-third hypothesis."
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Engelmann wrote six books and at least fifty articles, a selection:
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Methodological and Philosophical Bases of Social Scientific Theory
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theorist. Throughout his work he emphasized the significance of
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Theoretical Sociology: Its Bases and Place in Modern Science
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Johnson, Warren R. 2001. “The Preacher and the Physicist.”
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Engelmann, Hugo O. 1967. "Communication to the Editor. ,"
870:. Book 10, Chapter 5, James. E. C. Welldon translation.
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643:. Dissertation University of Wisconsin, Madison.
669:Essays in Social Theory and Social Organization
405:(September 11, 1917 – February 2, 2002) was an
730:MĂĽller, Reinhard and Christian Fleck. (2000).
689:Behavior, Interaction, and Social Organization
602:In Engelmann's office hung two photos, one of
493:Austrian Social Scientists in Exile 1933-1945
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655:A systemic dynamic approach to social theory
909:Milwaukee School Desegregation in the 1960s
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
857:. Vol. 6; Spring-Summer 1968; # 1 & 2.
547:Population Expansion and the Social System
448:broke out in Europe. Having fled first to
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960:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
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348:University of Wisconsin–Madison
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950:Northern Illinois University faculty
911:, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.
485:Society for General Systems Research
196:adding citations to reliable sources
683:Marx as an Upper-class Ideologist.
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705:.Carmel, IN, Simudell Publishers.
499:successful desegregation suit of
487:. He was the first editor of the
477:University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
467:Following graduate school at the
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890:UMUC Social Sciences Newsletter,
696:Problems of Sociological Inquiry
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520:Leaf House: Days of Remembering
469:University of Wisconsin–Madison
444:in 1939, just two weeks before
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818:. Vol 40, No. 4. May: 297-301.
88:provide an accessible overview
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676:Sociology A Guided Study Text
648:The evaluation modality test
481:Northern Illinois University
458:German annexation of Austria
432:Born September 11, 1917, in
383:Northern Illinois University
955:American systems scientists
916:Between Rome and Byzantium.
892:Term II 2001-2002, pp. 7-8.
518:His wife Ruth is author of
510:From 1969 until he retired
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650:. Psychometric Affiliates.
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475:in East Lansing, at the
907:Nelson, James K. 1998.
703:Journey into a New Life
678:. Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.
462:Journey Into a New Life
975:Writers from Wisconsin
844:. Vol. 2 Number 4: 217
671:. W. C. Brown Book Co.
604:Martin Luther King Jr.
581:Sociology of knowledge
970:Writers from Illinois
945:American sociologists
855:Wisconsin Sociologist
741:, University of Graz.
620:Interaction frequency
535:journal—today called
533:Wisconsin Sociologist
489:Wisconsin Sociologist
842:American Sociologist
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625:One-third hypothesis
588:one-third hypothesis
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456:as a result of the
403:Hugo Otto Engelmann
207:"Hugo O. Engelmann"
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868:Nicomachean Ethics
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866:Aristotle.
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410:sociologist
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313:1917-09-11
218:newspapers
123:neutrality
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365:Sociology
134:talk page
96:July 2021
80:summarize
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735:Archived
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438:Austria
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