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activity in this field the subject has grown significantly in breadth and worldwide interest. Three conferences on Human–Robot
Personal Relationships were held in the Netherlands during the period 2008–2010, in each case the proceedings were published by respected academic publishers, including Springer-Verlag. After a gap until 2014 the conferences were renamed as the "International Congress on Love and Sex with Robots", which have previously taken place at the University of Madeira in 2014; in London in 2016 and 2017; and in Brussels in 2019. Additionally, the Springer-Verlag "International Journal of Social Robotics", had, by 2016, published articles mentioning the subject, and an open access journal called "Lovotics" was launched in 2012, devoted entirely to the subject. The past few years have also witnessed a strong upsurge of interest by way of increased coverage of the subject in the print media, TV documentaries and feature films, as well as within the academic community.
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studying perception and action in a social context rather than in isolation. These studies have revealed that maintaining a shared representation of the task is crucial for accomplishing tasks in groups. For example, the authors have examined the task of driving together by separating responsibilities of acceleration and braking i.e., one person is responsible for accelerating and the other for braking; the study revealed that pairs reached the same level of performance as individuals only when they received feedback about the timing of each other's actions. Similarly, researchers have studied the aspect of human–human handovers with household scenarios like passing dining plates in order to enable an adaptive control of the same in human–robot handovers. Another study in the domain of
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robotics scientists who work to improve the robots utility and safety and on the other hand to evaluate the risks and benefits of this new "friend" for our modern society. The subfield of physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) has largely focused on device design to enable people to safely interact with robotic systems, but is increasingly developing algorithmic approaches in an attempt to support fluent and expressive interactions between humans and robotic systems.
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731:. The continued improvement in this system and the progress in advancements towards highly and fully automated vehicles aim to make the driving experience safer and more efficient in which humans do not need to intervene in the driving process when there is an unexpected driving condition such as a pedestrian walking across the street when it is not supposed to.
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697:(EBP) based on the clinical systematic evaluation. As a result, the researchers have started to establish guidelines which suggest how to conduct studies with robot-mediated intervention and hence produce reliable data that could be treated as EBP that would allow clinicians to choose to use robots in ASD intervention.
391:). An example of older technique is to use colour information for example the fact that for light skinned people the hands are lighter than the clothes worn. In any case a human modelled a priori can then be fitted to the sensor data. The robot builds or has (depending on the level of autonomy the robot has) a 3D
292:, medical technology through rehabilitation, autism intervention, and elder care devices, entertainment, human augmentation, and human convenience. Future research therefore covers a wide range of fields, much of which focuses on assistive robotics, robot-assisted search-and-rescue, and space exploration.
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have been implemented to collaborate with humans to perform industrial manufacturing tasks. While humans have the flexibility and the intelligence to consider different approaches to solve the problem, choose the best option among all choices, and then command robots to perform assigned tasks, robots
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Interacting with a robot by looking at or touching the robot can reduce negative feelings that some people have about robots before interacting with them. Even imagined interaction can reduce negative feelings. However, in some cases, interacting with a robot can increase negative feelings for people
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refers to friendly Human–robot interaction as "Robotiquette" defining it as the "social rules for robot behaviour (a 'robotiquette') that is comfortable and acceptable to humans" The robot has to adapt itself to our way of expressing desires and orders and not the contrary. But every day environments
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with capacities of perception and action in the physical world often referred by researchers as workspace. Their use has been generalized in factories but nowadays they tend to be found in the most technologically advanced societies in such critical domains as search and rescue, military battle, mine
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are more complex than these three principles. However, generally human–robot interaction prioritizes the safety of humans that interact with potentially dangerous robotics equipment. Solutions to this problem range from the philosophical approach of treating robots as ethical agents (individuals with
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This conference is amongst the best conferences in the field of HRI and has a very selective reviewing process. The average acceptance rate is 26% and the average attendance is 187. Around 65% of the contributions to the conference come from the US and the high level of quality of the submissions to
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A large body of work in the field of human–robot interaction has looked at how humans and robots may better collaborate. The primary social cue for humans while collaborating is the shared perception of an activity, to this end researchers have investigated anticipatory robot control through various
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Humans exhibit negative social and emotional responses as well as decreased trust toward some robots that closely, but imperfectly, resemble humans; this phenomenon has been termed the "Uncanny Valley." However recent research in telepresence robots has established that mimicking human body postures
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The
International Conference on Future Applications of AI, Sensors, and Robotics in Society explore the state of the art research, highlighting the future challenges as well as the hidden potential behind the technologies. The accepted contributions to this conference will be published annually in
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A common approach to program social cues into robots is to first study human–human behaviors and then transfer the learning. For example, coordination mechanisms in human–robot collaboration are based on work in neuroscience which examined how to enable joint action in human–human configuration by
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These new domains of applications imply a closer interaction with the user. The concept of closeness is to be taken in its full meaning, robots and humans share the workspace but also share goals in terms of task achievement. This close interaction needs new theoretical models, on one hand for the
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The IEEE International
Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication ( RO-MAN ) was founded in 1992 by Profs. Toshio Fukuda, Hisato Kobayashi, Hiroshi Harashima and Fumio Hara. Early workshop participants were mostly Japanese, and the first seven workshops were held in Japan. Since 1999,
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The earliest academic papers on the subject were presented at the 2006 E.C. Euron
Roboethics Atelier, organized by the School of Robotics in Genoa, followed a year later by the first book – "Love and Sex with Robots" – published by Harper Collins in New York. Since that initial flurry of academic
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and assembling. However, there are persistent concerns about the safety of human–robot collaboration, since industrial robots have the ability to move heavy objects and operate often dangerous and sharp tools, quickly and with force. As a result, this presents a potential threat to the people who
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Long-term research on human-robot interaction could show that residents of care home are willing to interact with humanoid robots and benefit from cognitive and physical activation that is led by the robot Pepper. Another long-term study in a care home could show that people working in the care
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like milking robots have been adopted in large-scale farming. Hygiene is the main issue in the agri-food sector and the invention of this technology has widely impacted agriculture. Robots can also be used in tasks that might be hazardous to human health like in the application of chemicals to
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Humans have been working on achieving the next breakthrough in space exploration, such as a crewed mission to Mars. This challenge identified the need for developing planetary rovers that are able to assist astronauts and support their operations during their mission. The collaboration between
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survivors or individuals with neurological impairment to recover their hand and finger movements. In the past few decades, the idea of how human and robot interact with each other is one factor that has been widely considered in the design of rehabilitation robots. For instance, human–robot
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However, social robots that are used to intervene in children's ASD are not viewed as viable treatment by clinical communities because the study of using social robots in ASD intervention, often, does not follow standard research protocol. In addition, the outcome of the research could not
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The
International Conference on Social Robotics is a conference for scientists, researchers, and practitioners to report and discuss the latest progress of their forefront research and findings in social robotics, as well as interactions with human beings and integration into our society.
449:. Humanoid robots or even 2 armed robots, which can have up to 40 degrees of freedom, are unsuited for dynamic environments with today's technology. However lower-dimensional robots can use the potential field method to compute trajectories which avoid collisions with humans.
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Carros, Felix; Meurer, Johanna; Löffler, Diana; Unbehaun, David; Matthies, Sarah; Koch, Inga; Wieching, Rainer; Randall, Dave; Hassenzahl, Marc; Wulf, Volker (21 April 2020). "Exploring Human-Robot
Interaction with the Elderly: Results from a Ten-Week Case Study in a Care Home".
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have already been integrated into industrial assembly lines and are collaboratively working with humans. The social impact of such robots have been studied and has indicated that workers still treat robots and social entities, rely on social cues to understand and work together.
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sector are willing to use robots in their daily work with the residents. But it also revealed that even though that the robots are ready to be used, they do need human assistants, they cannot replace the human work force but they can assist them and give them new possibilities.
327:, the research is focusing on one part towards the safest physical interaction but also on a socially correct interaction, dependent on cultural criteria. The goal is to build an intuitive, and easy communication with the robot through speech, gestures, and facial expressions.
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During initial interactions, people are more uncertain, anticipate less social presence, and have fewer positive feelings when thinking about interacting with robots, and prefer to communicate with a human. This finding has been called the human-to-human interaction
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and expressive gestures has made the robots likeable and engaging in a remote setting. Further, the presence of a human operator was felt more strongly when tested with an android or humanoid telepresence robot than with normal video communication through a monitor.
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Although initially robots in the human–robot interaction field required some human intervention to function, research has expanded this to the extent that fully autonomous systems are now far more common than in the early 2000s. Autonomous systems include from
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Robots can become tutors or peers in the classroom. When acting as a tutor, the robot can provide instruction, information and also individual attention to student. When acting as a peer learner, the robot can enable "learning by teaching" for students.
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Carros, Felix; Schwaninger, Isabel; Preussner, Adrian; Randall, Dave; Wieching, Rainer; Fitzpatrick, Geraldine; Wulf, Volker (May 2022). "Care
Workers Making Use of Robots: Results of a Three-Month Study on Human-Robot Interaction within a Care Home".
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such as homes have much more complex social rules than those implied by factories or even military environments. Thus, the robot needs perceiving and understanding capacities to build dynamic models of its surroundings. It needs to
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are able to be more precise and more consistent in performing repetitive and dangerous work. Together, the collaboration of industrial robots and humans demonstrates that robots have the capabilities to ensure efficiency of
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of the "relationship" between human and the robots benefits the psychologists and robotic researchers the user study are often of interests on both sides. This research endeavours part of human society. For effective
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In line with the contact hypothesis, supervised exposure to a social robot can decrease uncertainty and increase willingness to interact with the robot, compared to pre-exposure attitudes toward robots as a class of
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A speech recognition system is used to interpret human desires or commands. By combining the information inferred by proprioception, sensor and speech the human position and state (standing, seated). In this matter,
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The
International Congress on Love and Sex with Robots is an annual congress that invites and encourages a broad range of topics, such as AI, Philosophy, Ethics, Sociology, Engineering, Computer Science, Bioethics.
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Roy, Someshwar; Edan, Yael (2018-03-27). "Investigating Joint-Action in Short-Cycle
Repetitive Handover Tasks: The Role of Giver Versus Receiver and its Implications for Human–Robot Collaborative System Design".
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The
International Congress on Love and Sex with Robots provides an excellent opportunity for academics and industry professionals to present and discuss their innovative work and ideas in an academic symposium.
505:, making inferences about human task intent, and proactive action on the part of the robot. The studies revealed that the anticipatory control helped users perform tasks faster than with reactive control alone.
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While there is a growing body of research about users' perceptions and emotions towards robots, we are still far from a complete understanding. Only additional experiments will determine a more precise model.
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Methods for perceiving humans in the environment are based on sensor information. Research on sensing components and software led by Microsoft provide useful results for extracting the human kinematics (see
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It has been observed that when the robot performs a proactive behaviour and does not respect a "safety distance" (by penetrating the user space) the user sometimes expresses fear. This fear response is
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This is an exhibition at the Science Museum, London that demonstrates robot toys for children with autism, in hopes for helping autistic children to pick up social cues from the facial expression.
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Furthermore, by understanding and perceiving social cues, robots can enable collaborative scenarios with humans. For example, with the rapid rise of personal fabrication machines such as desktop
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Hentout, Abdelfetah; Aouache, Mustapha; Maoudj, Abderraouf; Akli, Isma (2019-08-18). "Human–robot interaction in industrial collaborative robotics: A literature review of the decade 2008–2017".
719:, eye gaze tracking and so on, users with motor impairment can control robotic agents and use it for rehabilitation activities like powered wheelchair control, object manipulation and so on.
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of human–human handovers in warehouses and supermarkets reveal that Givers and Receivers perceive handover tasks differently which has significant implications for designing user-centric
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A specific example of human–robot interaction is the human-vehicle interaction in automated driving. The goal of human-vehicle cooperation is to ensure safety, security, and comfort in
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data. For instance, neural-network architectures and learning algorithms that can be applied to various natural-language processing tasks including part-of-speech tagging, chunking,
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Bartneck, Christoph; Yogeeswaran, Kumar; Ser, Qi Min; Woodward, Graeme; Sparrow, Robert; Wang, Siheng; Eyssel, Friederike (26 February 2018). "Robots And Racism": 196–204.
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Human–robot interaction has been a topic of both science fiction and academic speculation even before any robots existed. Because much of active HRI development depends on
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It has also been shown that when a robot has no particular use, negative feelings are often expressed. The robot is perceived as useless and its presence becomes annoying.
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work in the same workspace. Therefore, the planning of safe and effective layouts for collaborative workplaces is one of the most challenging topics that research faces.
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Robots can be configured as collaborative robot and can be used for rehabilitation of users with motor impairment. Using various interactive technologies like automatic
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Spence, Patric R.; Westerman, David; Edwards, Chad; Edwards, Autumn (July 2014). "Welcoming Our Robot Overlords: Initial Expectations About Interaction With a Robot".
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The application areas of human–robot interaction include robotic technologies that are used by humans for industry, medicine, and companionship, among other purposes.
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is concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of
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Someshwar, Roy; Edan, Yael (2017-08-30). "Givers & receivers perceive handover tasks differently: Implications for human–robot collaborative system design".
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Sakamoto, Daisuke; Kanda, Takayuki; Ono, Tetsuo; Ishiguro, Hiroshi; Hagita, Norihiro (2007). "Android as a telecommunication medium with a human-like presence".
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Biondi, Francesco; Alvarez, Ignacio; Jeong, Kyeong-Ah (2019-07-03). "Human–Vehicle Cooperation in Automated Driving: A Multidisciplinary Review and Appraisal".
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People similarly infer the mental states of both humans and robots, except for when robots and humans use non-literal language (such as sarcasm or white lies).
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There are several books available that specialise on Human–Robot Interaction. While there are several edited books, only a few dedicated texts are available:
167:. A subfield known as physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) has tended to focus on device design to enable people to safely interact with robotic systems.
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Rega, Andrea; Di Marino, Castrese; Pasquariello, Agnese; Vitolo, Ferdinando; Patalano, Stanislao; Zanella, Alessandro; Lanzotti, Antonio (20 December 2021).
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This symposium is organized in collaboration with the Annual Convention of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour.
758:, such as locating a missing person remotely from the evidence that they left in surrounding areas. The system integrates autonomy and information, such as
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systems. Most recently, researchers have studied a system that automatically distributes assembly tasks among co-located workers to improve co-ordination.
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Goodrich, M. A.; Lin, L.; Morse, B. S. (May 2012). "Using camera-equipped mini-UAVS to support collaborative wilderness search and rescue teams".
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Haggadone, Brad A.; Banks, Jaime; Koban, Kevin (2021-04-07). "Of robots and robotkind: Extending intergroup contact theory to social machines".
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Robinson, Hayley; MacDonald, Bruce; Broadbent, Elizabeth (November 2014). "The role of healthcare robots for older people at Home: A review".
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The project "Moonwalk" is aimed to simulate the manned mission to Mars and to test the robot-astronaut cooperation in an analogue environment.
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1947:"Implications of interpersonal communication competence research on the design of artificial behavioral systems that interact with humans"
2734:"Collaborative Workplace Design: A Knowledge-Based Approach to Promote Human–Robot Collaboration and Multi-Objective Layout Optimization"
353:, etc., entering our homes, scenarios may arise where robots can collaboratively share control, co-ordinate and achieve tasks together.
139:) is the study of interactions between humans and robots. Human–robot interaction is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from
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interaction numerous communication skills and related features should be implemented in the design of such artificial agents/systems.
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These three laws provide an overview of the goals engineers and researchers hold for safety in the HRI field, although the fields of
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Bernard, Tiziano; Martusevich, Kirill; Rolins, Armando A.; Spence, Isaac; Troshchenko, Alexander; Chintalapati, Sunil (2018-09-17).
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There are many conferences that are not exclusively HRI, but deal with broad aspects of HRI, and often have HRI papers presented.
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issues. By assisting in daily physical activities, physical assistance from the robots would allow the elderly to have a sense of
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Breazeal, Cynthia; Dautenhahn, Kerstin; Takayuki, Kanda (2016). "Social Robotics". In Siciliano, Bruno; Khatib, Oussama (eds.).
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1451:, Canada, Patrick C. K. Hung, BUSI4590U Topics in Technology Management & INFR 4599U Service Robots Innovation for Commerce
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Some research involved designing a new robot while others use available robots to conduct study. Some commonly used robots are
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workshops have been held in Europe and the United States as well as Japan, and participation has been of international scope.
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are both robots designed to elicit emotional response from humans, and so fall into the category of human–robot interaction.
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sensors permit the robot to have information over its own state. This information is relative to a reference. Theories of
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2814:"Robotics in health care: Perspectives of robot-aided interventions in clinical practice for rehabilitation of upper limbs"
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Does the robot rely on a fixed interaction pattern or is it able to have dialogue — exchange of information — with a human?
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3332:. 2018 AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. Orlando, FL: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
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Sebanz, Natalie; Bekkering, Harold; Knoblich, Günther (February 2006). "Joint action: bodies and minds moving together".
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People have also been shown to attribute personality characteristics to the robot that were not implemented in software.
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to detect human presence or physical barriers to protect humans by preventing any contact between machine and operator.
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1723:. ROMAN 2006 - the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. pp. 364–371.
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Bartneck, Christoph; Belpaeme, Tony; Eyssel, Friederike; Kanda, Takayuki; Keijsers, Merel; Šabanović, Selma (2019).
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1439:, Canada, Kerstin Dautenhahn, Social Robotics – Foundations, Technology and Applications of Human-Centered Robotics
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field, but overlap with HRI in many research applications. Examples of robots which demonstrate this trend include
2290:. 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2016). pp. 980–985.
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A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.
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Over the past decade, human–robot interaction has shown promising outcomes in autism intervention. Children with
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A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
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3146:, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8699, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 57–65,
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2317:. HRI '16: The Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction. 2016. pp. 83–90.
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Bartneck and Okada suggest that a robotic user interface can be described by the following four properties:
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This is an example of industrial collaborative robot, Sawyer, on the factory floor working alongside humans.
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in dynamic environments is a challenge that can at the moment only be achieved for robots with 3 to 10
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systems which allow for natural, human-esque interaction which meet well-defined psychological benchmarks.
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This drone is an example of UAV that could be used to locate a missing person in the mountain for example.
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Based on past research, we have some indications about current user sentiment and behavior around robots:
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Collobert, Ronan; Weston, Jason; Bottou, Léon; Karlen, Michael; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Kuksa, Pavel (2011).
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Belpaeme, Tony; Kennedy, James; Ramachandran, Aditi; Scassellati, Brian; Tanaka, Fumihide (2018-08-22).
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rovers, UAVs, and humans enables leveraging capabilities from all sides and optimizes task performance.
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2501:"WeBuild: Automatically distributing assembly tasks among collocated workers to improve coordination".
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Researchers from the University at Texas demonstrated a rehabilitation robot in helping hand movements.
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the conference becomes visible by the average of 10 citations that the HRI papers attracted so far.
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The majority of robots are of a white color, stemming from a bias against robots of other colors.
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225:), to the practical approach of creating safety zones. These safety zones use technologies such as
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transcription of the laws. They also appear in the front of the book, and in both places there is
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1989:"Navigating a social world with robot partners: S quantitative cartography of the Uncanny Valley"
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Does the robot require remote control or is it capable of action without direct human influence?
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A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
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and bomb detection, scientific exploration, law enforcement, entertainment and hospital care.
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Oña, Edwin Daniel; Garcia-Haro, Juan Miguel; Jardón, Alberto; Balaguer, Carlos (2019-06-26).
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Wullenkord, Ricarda; Fraune, Marlena R.; Eyssel, Friederike; Šabanović, Selma (August 2016).
2138:"Initial Interaction Expectations with Robots: Testing the Human-To-Human Interaction Script"
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ACE – International Conference on Future Applications of AI, Sensors, and Robotics in Society
277:. However, robots in the human–robot interaction field are not limited to human-like robots:
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Proceeding of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction - HRI '10
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rehabilitation robots since the exoskeleton system makes direct contact with humans' body.
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Catlin, Dave (2014), Cao, Yiwei; Väljataga, Terje; Tang, Jeff K.T.; Leung, Howard (eds.),
3038:(April 2016). "Are robots ready to deliver autism interventions? A comprehensive review".
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Pettigrew, T.F.; Tropp, L.R. (2006). "A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory".
2039:. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction – HRI '10. pp. 15–22.
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What is a human? - Toward psychological benchmarks in the field of human–robot interaction
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and feel that they are still able to take care of themselves and stay in their own homes.
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Getting in touch: How imagined, actual, and physical contact affect evaluations of robots
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Scholtz, Jean. "Evaluation methods for human-system performance of intelligent systems".
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Edwards, Chad; Edwards, Autumn; Spence, Patric R.; Westerman, David (21 December 2015).
1570:"Embodied Communication: How Robots and People Communicate Through Physical Interaction"
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2064:. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction - HRI '07. p. 193.
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Bartneck, C.; Belpaeme, T.; Eyssel, F.; Kanda, T.; Keijsers, M.; Šabanović, S. (2019).
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3410:"The end of the beginning: a reflection on the first five years of the HRI conference"
1892:. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '15. pp. 3613–3622.
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Is the system designed to solve a problem effectively or is it just for entertainment?
4389:
4289:
4244:
3928:
3923:
3898:
3893:
2984:
2937:
2718:
2503:
CHI '17: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2368:
2272:
2161:
2122:
1690:
Proceedings of the 2002 Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS) Workshop
1603:
943:
582:
350:
256:
3330:
A novel Mars rover concept for astronaut operational support on surface EVA missions
3309:
3256:
3212:
3124:
3067:
2895:
2384:
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction
2237:
2005:
1988:
1746:
1705:
4053:
4028:
4013:
3986:
3976:
3837:
3748:
3004:
2658:"Humans Show Racial Bias Towards Robots of Different Colors: Study - IEEE Spectrum"
2461:
2446:
2087:
2037:
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction
1915:
1890:
Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
1224:
869:
844:
759:
686:
649:
502:
278:
222:
213:
187:
3362:"Emerging Technology for Application in the Agri-Food Sector - SIPMM Publications"
3196:
2702:
2264:
2153:
1951:
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems
1719:
Kahn, Peter H.; Ishiguro, Hiroshi; Friedman, Batya; Kanda, Takayuki (2006-09-08).
2386:. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction - HRI 2013. 2013.
2114:
1342:
and there are several more general journals in which one will find HRI articles.
251:
robots (machines which imitate human body structure) are better described by the
4075:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3944:
3861:
3822:
3151:
3099:
3082:
3035:
864:
621:
612:
544:
This Nao Robot is often used for HRI research as well as other HRI applications.
526:
346:
35:
2420:
2295:
2221:
3425:
3051:
2879:
2657:
2352:
2062:
Proceeding of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction
1728:
1697:
1470:, Sweden, Filip Malmberg, UU-61611 Social Robotics and Human–Robot Interaction
933:
378:
HRI research spans a wide range of fields, some general to the nature of HRI.
342:. The need for dynamic capacities pushes forward every sub-field of robotics.
252:
164:
160:
3238:
3231:
2012 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS)
3204:
3108:
3059:
2887:
2849:
2795:
2786:
2769:
2710:
2360:
2137:
1973:
1595:
1568:
Kalinowska, Aleksandra; Pilarski, Patrick M.; Murphey, Todd D. (3 May 2023).
762:, GPS information and quality search video, to support humans performing the
4239:
4133:
3832:
3291:
2965:
2919:
2912:
Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2529:
2510:
2309:
2069:
2029:
1897:
1500:, Japan, Takayuki Kanda, 3218000 Human–Robot Interaction (ヒューマンロボットインタラクション)
1283:
1210:
1175:
1168:
645:
569:
411:
260:
3491:
3443:
3116:
2438:
2229:
2014:
1874:
1856:
689:
is considered to be a beneficial approach to help these children with ASD.
3458:
1953:. International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems - INES 2002.
1305:
IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
1038:
ICSR2009, Incheon, Korea in collaboration with the FIRA RoboWorld Congress
186:
The origin of HRI as a discrete problem was stated by 20th-century author
4279:
4229:
3704:
2750:
2733:
2592:"Robot racism? Yes, says a study showing humans' biases extend to robots"
1189:
1129:
IEEE International Symposium in Robot and Human Interactive Communication
653:
636:
Paro, a therapeutic robot intended for use in hospitals and nursing homes
267:
148:
3337:
734:
4209:
3790:
2840:
2830:
2813:
2768:
Aggogeri, Francesco; Mikolajczyk, Tadeusz; O'Kane, James (April 2019).
2193:
2176:
1482:, Bloomington, USA, Selma Sabanovic, INFO-I 440 Human–Robot Interaction
1266:
1259:
1238:
888:
641:
632:
540:
2429:
1845:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1648:"to" in the 2nd law. Note that this snippet has been copy-pasted from
4264:
3815:
3810:
2177:"Of like mind: The (mostly) similar mentalizing of robots and humans"
1231:
1196:
693:
demonstrate a consistent positive effect that could be considered as
616:
388:
156:
1841:"Socially intelligent robots: Dimensions of human–robot interaction"
1299:
IEEE-RAS/RSJ International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)
685:(ASD) are more likely to connect with robots than humans, and using
501:
methods including: monitoring the behaviors of human partners using
2486:
1406:
Breazeal, C.; Dautenhahn, K.; Kanda, T. (2016). "Social Robotics".
1107:
International Symposium on New Frontiers in Human–Robot Interaction
414:
may be used to perceive and plan around a person's personal space.
4234:
3782:
2770:"Robotics for rehabilitation of hand movement in stroke survivors"
2311:
Anticipatory robot control for efficient human–robot collaboration
1433:, Medford, MA, USA, MS and PhD programs in Human–Robot Interaction
1273:
1203:
1182:
1171:, Netherlands, Acceptance Rate: 0.36 (0.18 for oral presentations)
824:
790:
631:
539:
299:
289:
274:
271:
226:
3000:"This creepy-looking humanoid robot has a very important purpose"
534:
4269:
3273:
Morse, Bryan S.; Engh, Cameron H.; Goodrich, Michael A. (2010).
2662:
1946:
1628:. The Isaac Asimov Collection. New York: Doubleday. p. 40.
1522:
264:
3677:
1512:, Sweden, Mohammad Obaid, DAT545 Human-Robot Interaction Design
1765:
1049:
International Conference on Human–Robot Personal Relationships
29:
754:(UUV) have the potential to assist search and rescue work in
3659:"Albert is not happy – How robots learn to live with people"
1458:, USA, Tom Williams, CSCI 436 / 536: Human–Robot Interaction
1421:
Many universities offer courses in Human–Robot Interaction.
1138:
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction
491:
with strong pre-existing negative sentiments towards robots.
3673:
1199:, Massachusetts, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.25 for full papers
324:
2463:
Adaptive coordination strategies for human–robot handovers
2030:"MeBot: A Robotic Platform for Socially Embodied Presence"
1574:
Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems
1445:
in Taiwan, Taiwan, Hooman Samani, M5226 Advanced Robotics
1025:
the special edition of the Journal of Future Robot Life.
288:
Goals in HRI range from industrial manufacturing through
183:, a field of research which is much older than robotics.
2382:"Coordination mechanisms in human–robot collaboration".
2632:"Humans keep directing abuse — even racism — at robots"
1314:
American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
2460:
Huang, Chien-Ming; Cakmak, Maya; Mutlu, Bilge (2015).
3556:"Professional Certificate in Human–Robot Interaction"
799:
Human labor has been greatly used in agriculture but
611:
is an example of a robot-aided system implemented in
3614:"Methods and Application in Human–Robot Interaction"
2957:
CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
1227:, New Zealand, Acceptance Rate: 0.25 for full papers
1192:, Switzerland, Acceptance Rate: 0.22 for full papers
644:
people who may have faced a decline in physical and
237:
systems which provide intelligent robot movement to
4303:
4197:
4121:
4084:
4039:
3937:
3781:
3711:
3185:
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
1535:
Professional Certificate in Human–Robot Interaction
1253:
International Conference on Human–Agent Interaction
1144:
International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2028:Adalgeirsson, Sigurdur; Breazeal, Cynthia (2010).
1541:Methods and Application in Human–Robot Interaction
1488:, Belgium, Tony Belpaeme, E019370A Robotics module
1464:, UK, Lynne Baillie, F21HR Human Robot Interaction
1073:International Congress on Love and Sex with Robots
640:Nursing robots are aimed to provide assistance to
3178:
3176:
1966:Natural Language Processing (Almost) from Scratch
620:interaction plays an important role in designing
3395:Proceedings of the Human and Computer Conference
1521:There are also online courses available such as
1234:, Austria, Acceptance Rate: 0.24 for full papers
1213:, Germany, Acceptance Rate: 0.24 for full papers
1010:Does it have the shape or properties of a human?
3140:"Using Peer Assessment with Educational Robots"
1506:, Sweden, Iolanda Leite, DD2413 Social Robotics
1333:(Originally Journal of Human–Robot Interaction)
1326:There are currently two dedicated HRI Journals
1206:, Japan, Acceptance Rate: 0.24 for full papers
3689:
3463:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3286:. Osaka, Japan: ACM Press. pp. 227–234.
2590:Allan, Caroline Klein,David (1 August 2019).
2505:. Association for Computing Machinery. 2017.
1987:Mathur, Maya B.; Reichling, David B. (2016).
1476:, Sweden, MSc Human–Robot Interaction program
296:The goal of friendly human–robot interactions
8:
3492:"Human Robot Interaction – Share and enjoy!"
2615:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2210:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1563:
1561:
1248:, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.23 for full papers
1241:, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.24 for full papers
1220:, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.25 for full papers
766:work efficiently in the given limited time.
3652:. Algorithms, graphics, and video material.
1331:ACM Transactions on Human–Robot Interaction
1029:International Conference on Social Robotics
395:to which is assigned the humans locations.
179:, many aspects of HRI are continuations of
27:Study of reaction between humans and robots
3696:
3682:
3674:
3507:Human–Robot Interaction in Social Robotics
3386:Bartneck, Christoph; Michio Okada (2001).
1399:Human–Robot Interaction in Social Robotics
1348:International Journal of Humanoid Robotics
338:, recognize and locate humans and further
307:can produce a range of facial expressions.
3585:"Introduction to Human–Robot Interaction"
3460:Human–Robot Interaction - An Introduction
3433:
3098:
2964:
2839:
2829:
2785:
2749:
2485:
2428:
2391:
2192:
2004:
1864:
1585:
1389:Human–Robot Interaction - an introduction
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3534:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 1935–1972.
3040:International Journal of Social Robotics
2868:International Journal of Social Robotics
2341:International Journal of Social Robotics
1353:‘Entertainment robotics’ section of the
1337:International Journal of Social Robotics
1057:HRPR 2009, Tilburg. Keynote speaker was
768:
733:
667:
598:
568:
3646:"Human interaction with the robot J2B2"
3083:"Social robots for education: A review"
1934:– via www.interaction-design.org.
1788:"The future of human–robot interaction"
1761:"Meet Paro, the therapeutic robot seal"
1557:
1538:Introduction to Human–Robot Interaction
648:function, and, consequently, developed
2949:
2947:
2608:
2546:
2535:
1945:Bubaš, Goran; Lovrenčić, Alen (2002).
1888:Sauppé, Allison; Mutlu, Bilge (2015).
1064:HRPR2010, Leiden. Keynote speaker was
4103:Simultaneous localization and mapping
3408:Bartneck, Christoph (February 2011).
3323:
3321:
3319:
3268:
3266:
3224:
3222:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
2861:
2859:
2807:
2805:
2763:
2761:
2684:
2682:
2680:
1587:10.1146/annurev-control-070122-102501
894:Computer supported collaborative work
533:, another social humanoid robot, and
529:, a humanoid and programmable robot.
361:On the other end of HRI research the
235:simultaneous localization and mapping
7:
496:Methods for human–robot coordination
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3034:Begum, Momotaz; Serna, Richard W.;
1624:Asimov, Isaac (1950). "Runaround".
1412:– chapter in an extensive handbook.
453:Cognitive models and theory of mind
3144:New Horizons in Web Based Learning
2774:Advances in Mechanical Engineering
2564:Paterson, Mark (26 January 2024).
1157:, Utah, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.29
537:, a programmable companion robot.
25:
1510:Chalmers University of Technology
1504:KTH Royal Institute of Technology
1308:Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI)
4367:
4356:
4355:
3772:
2656:Ackerman, Evan (July 17, 2018).
2469:. Robotics: Science and Systems.
1813:"3: Emergence of HRI as a Field"
1397:Kanda, T.; Ishiguro, H. (2012).
1311:Computer Human Interaction (CHI)
1178:, CA, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.19
1115:2015, Canterbury, United Kingdom
1044:ICSR2011, Amsterdam, Netherlands
34:
4368:
2630:Samuel, Sigal (2 August 2019).
2566:"Why are so many robots white?"
2006:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.09.008
1355:Entertainment Computing Journal
1124:2009, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
1121:2010, Leicester, United Kingdom
919:Interactive Systems Engineering
615:. This type of robot would aid
521:Robots used for research in HRI
45:needs additional citations for
3657:Hottelet, Ulrich (June 2009).
2253:Communication Research Reports
2181:Technology, Mind, and Behavior
2103:Communication Research Reports
1425:University Courses and Degrees
1302:Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp)
1185:, Japan, Acceptance Rate: 0.21
929:Natural-language understanding
628:Elder care and companion robot
1:
3532:Springer Handbook of Robotics
3509:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
3197:10.1080/10447318.2018.1561792
2998:Curtis, Sophie (2017-07-28).
2703:10.1080/01691864.2019.1636714
2265:10.1080/08824096.2021.1909551
2154:10.1080/10510974.2015.1121899
1408:Springer Handbook of Robotics
382:Methods for perceiving humans
2409:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
2115:10.1080/08824096.2014.924337
1663:Hornbeck, Dan (2008-08-21).
1372:Systems, Man and Cybernetics
1164:, USA, Acceptance Rate: 0.23
1118:2014, London, United Kingdom
1099:2016, London, United Kingdom
1096:2017, London, United Kingdom
752:unmanned underwater vehicles
511:Human Factors and Ergonomics
4113:Vision-guided robot systems
3152:10.1007/978-3-319-13296-9_6
3100:10.1126/scirobotics.aat5954
2175:Banks, Jaime (2021-01-28).
1393:– free PDF available online
1360:Interaction Studies Journal
438:Methods for motion planning
420:natural-language processing
393:mapping of its surroundings
243:natural-language generation
239:natural-language processing
177:natural language processing
153:natural language processing
4422:
4333:Technological unemployment
2421:10.1016/j.tics.2005.12.009
2296:10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745228
2222:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
1517:Online Courses and Degrees
1443:National Taipei University
1141:
914:Human–computer interaction
141:human–computer interaction
4351:
4321:Workplace robotics safety
3770:
3426:10.1007/s11192-010-0281-x
3388:"Robotic User Interfaces"
3052:10.1007/s12369-016-0346-y
2880:10.1007/s12369-014-0242-2
2353:10.1007/s12369-017-0424-9
1729:10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314461
1698:10.1007/s10514-006-9016-5
995:Reactive – dialogue scale
956:Anthropomorphism and the
840:Human–robot collaboration
729:automated driving systems
683:autism spectrum disorders
515:human–robot collaborative
69:"Human–robot interaction"
3622:University of Canterbury
3593:University of Canterbury
3564:University of Canterbury
3505:Kanda, Takayuki (2012).
3366:publication.sipmm.edu.sg
3239:10.1109/CTS.2012.6261008
2787:10.1177/1687814019841921
1530:University of Canterbury
1456:Colorado School of Mines
748:Unmanned aerial vehicles
428:named-entity recognition
406:of the environment. The
340:recognize their emotions
4169:Human–robot interaction
3292:10.1145/1734454.1734548
2966:10.1145/3491102.3517435
2920:10.1145/3313831.3376402
2530:10.1145/3171221.3171260
2511:10.1145/3025453.3026036
2070:10.1145/1228716.1228743
1931:Human–Robot Interaction
1898:10.1145/2702123.2702181
1817:Human–Robot Interaction
1449:Ontario Tech University
1366:Artificial Intelligence
1102:2014, Madeira, Portugal
1093:2019, Brussels, Belgium
884:Artificial intelligence
695:evidence-based practice
398:Most methods intend to
145:artificial intelligence
133:Human–robot interaction
18:Human-robot interaction
4401:Multimodal interaction
2780:(4): 168781401984192.
2545:Cite journal requires
1857:10.1098/rstb.2006.2004
1665:"Safety in Automation"
1650:Three Laws of Robotics
1462:Heriot-Watt University
1437:University of Waterloo
1005:Anthropomorphism scale
924:Multimodal interaction
796:
774:
739:
673:
637:
604:
574:
545:
432:semantic role labeling
368:human – humanoid robot
308:
196:Three Laws of Robotics
190:in 1941, in his novel
4275:Starship Technologies
2142:Communication Studies
1410:. pp. 1935–1972.
1279:HAI 2016 in Singapore
1090:2020, Berlin, Germany
795:An agricultural robot
794:
772:
737:
671:
635:
602:
572:
543:
303:
4225:Energid Technologies
2751:10.3390/app112412147
1532:(UCx) – edX program
1492:Bielefeld University
1054:HRPR2008, Maastricht
609:rehabilitation robot
374:General HRI research
323:With the advance in
181:human communications
54:improve this article
4396:Human communication
4316:Powered exoskeleton
3397:. pp. 130–140.
3338:10.2514/6.2018-5154
1837:Dautenhahn, Kerstin
1794:. 27 September 2017
1769:. November 20, 2003
1291:Related conferences
1041:ICSR2010, Singapore
830:Gesture recognition
801:Agricultural robots
787:Agricultural robots
677:Autism intervention
363:cognitive modelling
4285:Universal Robotics
4260:Intuitive Surgical
4250:Harvest Automation
4215:Barrett Technology
3997:Robotic spacecraft
3843:Audio-Animatronics
3639:External resources
3620:. Canterbury, UK:
3591:. Canterbury, UK:
3562:. Canterbury, UK:
2831:10.3390/app9132586
2697:(15–16): 764–799.
2194:10.1037/tmb0000025
1480:Indiana University
1468:Uppsala University
1066:Kerstin Dautenhahn
985:– autonomous scale
797:
775:
740:
717:speech recognition
674:
638:
605:
575:
546:
447:degrees of freedom
336:categorize objects
331:Kerstin Dautenhahn
309:
4383:
4382:
4326:Robotic tech vest
4255:Honeybee Robotics
4071:Electric unicycle
4024:remotely-operated
3624:(UCx). 2021-09-01
3595:(UCx). 2021-09-01
3566:(UCx). 2021-09-01
3248:978-1-4673-1382-7
3161:978-3-319-13295-2
2959:. pp. 1–15.
2914:. pp. 1–12.
2691:Advanced Robotics
2079:978-1-59593-617-2
1907:978-1-4503-3145-6
1851:(1480): 679–704.
1839:(29 April 2007).
1669:machinedesign.com
1635:978-0-385-42304-5
1474:Skövde University
909:Haptic technology
899:Dialog management
860:Robot simulations
820:Autonomous robots
778:Space exploration
764:search and rescue
743:Search and rescue
723:Automatic driving
578:Industrial robots
565:Industrial robots
557:Application areas
474:person-dependent.
355:Industrial robots
313:artificial agents
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4413:
4371:
4370:
4359:
4358:
4343:Fictional robots
4311:Critique of work
3960:Unmanned vehicle
3776:
3698:
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3665:. Archived from
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3093:(21): eaat5954.
3087:Science Robotics
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2570:The Conversation
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1498:Kyoto University
1486:Ghent University
1431:Tufts University
1411:
1402:
1392:
1391:. Cambridge U.P.
1218:Portland, Oregon
1162:Washington, D.C.
1059:Hiroshi Ishiguro
972:Tool – toy scale
939:Face recognition
756:wilderness areas
702:Education robots
424:natural-language
400:build a 3D model
194:. Asimov coined
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4347:
4299:
4220:Boston Dynamics
4205:Amazon Robotics
4193:
4117:
4108:Visual odometry
4098:Motion planning
4080:
4035:
3955:Continuum robot
3938:Classifications
3933:
3796:Anthropomorphic
3777:
3768:
3764:AI competitions
3707:
3702:
3656:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3627:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3598:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3327:
3326:
3317:
3302:
3283:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3249:
3233:. p. 638.
3228:
3227:
3220:
3191:(11): 932–946.
3182:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3036:Yanco, Holly A.
3033:
3032:
3019:
3010:
3008:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2977:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2930:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2688:
2687:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2544:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2393:10.1.1.478.3634
2381:
2380:
2376:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2080:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2022:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1908:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1739:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1519:
1427:
1419:
1405:
1396:
1386:
1380:
1324:
1293:
1255:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1109:
1075:
1051:
1031:
1022:
1017:
966:
953:
948:
879:
874:
850:Motion planning
835:Humanoid robots
815:
810:
789:
780:
745:
725:
713:
700:
679:
666:
630:
597:
592:
567:
559:
551:
523:
498:
455:
443:Motion planning
440:
384:
376:
298:
249:Anthropomorphic
173:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4419:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4365:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:Terrainability
4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3957:
3952:
3950:Cloud robotics
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:on 2012-01-12.
3654:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3605:
3576:
3547:
3540:
3522:
3515:
3497:
3483:
3469:
3449:
3420:(2): 487–504.
3414:Scientometrics
3400:
3378:
3353:
3346:
3315:
3300:
3262:
3247:
3218:
3172:
3160:
3130:
3073:
3046:(2): 157–181.
3017:
2990:
2975:
2943:
2928:
2901:
2874:(4): 575–591.
2855:
2801:
2757:
2724:
2676:
2648:
2622:
2582:
2556:
2547:|journal=
2516:
2493:
2472:
2452:
2399:
2374:
2347:(5): 973–988.
2330:
2323:
2301:
2278:
2259:(3): 161–171.
2243:
2216:(5): 751–783.
2200:
2167:
2148:(2): 227–238.
2128:
2109:(3): 272–280.
2093:
2078:
2052:
2045:
2020:
1979:
1956:
1937:
1921:
1906:
1880:
1828:
1804:
1792:as.cornell.edu
1779:
1752:
1737:
1711:
1680:
1655:
1634:
1616:
1580:(1): 205–232.
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1394:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1155:Salt Lake City
1142:Main article:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
992:
991:
987:
986:
983:Remote control
979:
978:
974:
973:
965:
962:
961:
960:
958:uncanny valley
952:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
904:Face detection
901:
896:
891:
886:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
855:Personal robot
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
788:
785:
779:
776:
744:
741:
724:
721:
712:
711:Rehabilitation
709:
678:
675:
665:
662:
629:
626:
596:
595:Rehabilitation
593:
591:
590:Medical robots
588:
566:
563:
558:
555:
550:
547:
522:
519:
497:
494:
493:
492:
488:
484:
481:
478:
475:
471:
454:
451:
439:
436:
408:proprioception
383:
380:
375:
372:
297:
294:
218:machine ethics
210:
209:
206:
203:
172:
169:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4418:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4376:
4375:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Wolf Robotics
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Foster-Miller
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Developmental
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3929:Soft robotics
3927:
3925:
3924:BEAM robotics
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Entertainment
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:Main articles
3710:
3706:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3663:African Times
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3541:9783319325507
3537:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3516:9781466506978
3512:
3508:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3472:
3470:9781108735407
3466:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3347:9781624105753
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3301:9781424448937
3297:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2976:9781450391573
2972:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2929:9781450367080
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2744:(24): 12147.
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2324:9781467383707
2320:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2046:9781424448937
2042:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1738:1-4244-0564-5
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
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1691:
1684:
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1643:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
41:
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4360:
4168:
4129:Evolutionary
4076:Robotic fins
4029:Robotic fish
4014:Telerobotics
3987:Nanorobotics
3977:Mobile robot
3914:Food service
3909:Agricultural
3759:Competitions
3744:Hall of Fame
3667:the original
3662:
3650:hakenberg.de
3649:
3626:. Retrieved
3617:
3608:
3597:. Retrieved
3588:
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3568:. Retrieved
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3370:. Retrieved
3368:. 2019-01-01
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2573:. Retrieved
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1401:. CRC Press.
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1282:HAI 2017 in
1272:HAI 2015 in
1265:HAI 2014 in
1258:HAI 2013 in
1244:HRI 2021 in
1237:HRI 2018 in
1230:HRI 2017 in
1225:Christchurch
1223:HRI 2016 in
1216:HRI 2015 in
1209:HRI 2014 in
1202:HRI 2013 in
1195:HRI 2012 in
1188:HRI 2011 in
1181:HRI 2010 in
1174:HRI 2009 in
1167:HRI 2008 in
1160:HRI 2007 in
1153:HRI 2006 in
1147:
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1110:
1084:
1080:
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967:
870:Social robot
798:
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658:
650:psychosocial
639:
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503:eye tracking
499:
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231:
223:moral agency
214:robot ethics
211:
191:
188:Isaac Asimov
185:
174:
136:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4149:Open-source
4002:Space probe
3992:Necrobotics
3982:Microbotics
3945:Biorobotics
3874:Educational
3857:Articulated
3838:Animatronic
3823:Claytronics
2841:10016/34029
1640:This is an
1015:Conferences
865:Robot teams
622:exoskeleton
613:health care
347:3d printers
311:Robots are
253:biomimetics
110:August 2011
4390:Categories
4189:Ubiquitous
4179:Perceptual
4086:Navigation
4041:Locomotion
4019:Underwater
3904:Disability
3852:Industrial
3628:2021-09-01
3599:2021-09-01
3570:2021-09-01
3476:27 January
3372:2022-11-15
3167:2023-03-01
3011:2019-10-28
3005:The Mirror
2487:1708.06207
2430:2066/55284
1822:2020-06-12
1798:2020-06-12
1773:2020-06-12
1674:2020-06-12
1553:References
964:Properties
951:Psychology
934:Telematics
877:Technology
750:(UAV) and
198:, namely:
165:philosophy
161:psychology
80:newspapers
4240:Figure AI
4198:Companies
4174:Paradigms
4159:Adaptable
4139:Simulator
3833:Automaton
3828:Companion
3739:Geography
3205:1044-7318
3109:2470-9476
3060:1875-4791
2985:248419908
2938:218483496
2888:1875-4791
2850:2076-3417
2796:1687-8140
2719:198488518
2711:0169-1864
2611:cite news
2388:CiteSeerX
2369:149855145
2361:1875-4805
2273:233566369
2162:146204935
2123:144545474
1999:: 22–32.
1993:Cognition
1974:963993063
1604:255701603
1596:2573-5144
1548:Footnotes
1286:, Germany
1284:Bielefeld
1211:Bielefeld
1176:San Diego
1169:Amsterdam
646:cognitive
412:proxemics
261:PR2 robot
4406:Robotics
4362:Category
4280:Symbotic
4230:FarmWise
4184:Situated
4154:Software
4122:Research
4066:Climbing
3889:Military
3884:Juggling
3869:Domestic
3801:Humanoid
3724:Glossary
3705:Robotics
3444:21297856
3310:11511362
3257:13164847
3213:86447168
3125:52033756
3117:33141719
3068:15396137
2896:25075532
2439:16406326
2238:14149856
2230:16737372
2015:26402646
1875:17301026
1747:10368589
1706:31481065
1626:I, Robot
1322:Journals
1317:INTERACT
1190:Lausanne
813:Robotics
808:See also
804:plants.
654:autonomy
402:through
268:Robonaut
192:I, Robot
149:robotics
4374:Outline
4304:Related
4295:Yaskawa
4210:Anybots
4090:mapping
4059:Hexapod
4054:Walking
3899:Service
3894:Medical
3806:Android
3791:Aerobot
3734:History
3719:Outline
3435:3016230
2447:1781023
2088:1093338
1916:3136657
1866:2346526
1417:Courses
1276:, Korea
1269:, Japan
1267:Tsukuba
1262:, Japan
1260:Sapporo
1246:Boulder
1239:Chicago
889:CAPTCHA
642:elderly
487:agents.
470:script.
171:Origins
94:scholar
4265:IRobot
4049:Tracks
3970:ground
3965:aerial
3919:Retail
3816:Gynoid
3811:Cyborg
3749:Ethics
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1232:Vienna
1197:Boston
825:Cobots
617:stroke
531:Pepper
430:, and
404:vision
389:Kinect
305:Kismet
290:Cobots
283:Kismet
270:, and
263:, the
157:design
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4235:FANUC
4144:Suite
4009:Swarm
3783:Types
3729:Index
3391:(PDF)
3306:S2CID
3284:(PDF)
3253:S2CID
3209:S2CID
3121:S2CID
3064:S2CID
2981:S2CID
2934:S2CID
2892:S2CID
2715:S2CID
2482:arXiv
2467:(PDF)
2443:S2CID
2365:S2CID
2315:(pdf)
2269:S2CID
2234:S2CID
2187:(2).
2158:S2CID
2119:S2CID
2084:S2CID
2033:(pdf)
1912:S2CID
1743:S2CID
1702:S2CID
1642:exact
1609:4 May
1600:S2CID
1378:Books
1274:Daegu
1204:Tokyo
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549:Color
535:Misty
275:ASIMO
272:Honda
227:lidar
101:JSTOR
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4270:KUKA
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4088:and
3754:Laws
3536:ISBN
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3440:PMID
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3296:ISBN
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3201:ISSN
3156:ISBN
3113:PMID
3105:ISSN
3056:ISSN
2971:ISBN
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2846:ISSN
2792:ISSN
2707:ISSN
2671:2024
2663:IEEE
2643:2024
2617:link
2603:2024
2577:2024
2551:help
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2226:PMID
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2011:PMID
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