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defenses, additional fireteams would press on behind them and attack the same point until a breach was created. Once penetration was achieved, the bulk of the
Chinese forces would move into the enemy rear and attack from behind. During the attacks, the Chinese assault teams would disperse while masking themselves using the terrain, and this made it difficult for UN defenders to target numerous Chinese troops. Attacks by the successive Chinese fireteams were also carefully timed to minimize casualties. Due to primitive communication systems and tight political controls within the Chinese army, short attacks were often repeated indefinitely until either the defenses were penetrated or the attacker's ammunition supply were exhausted, regardless of the chances of success or the human cost.
2239:'s army worked together in the joint ambush with the Boxers relentlessly assaulting the Allies head on with human wave attacks displaying "no fear of death" and engaging the Allies in melee combat and putting the Allied troops under severe mental stress by mimicking vigorous gunfire with firecrackers. The Allies however suffered most of their losses at the hands of General Dong's troops, who used their expertise and persistence to engage in "bold and persistent" assaults on the Alliance forces, as remembered by the German Captain Usedom: the right wing of the Germans was almost at the point of collapse under the attack until they were rescued from Langfang by French and British troops; the Allies then retreated from Langfang in trains full of bullet holes.
110:
2379:, where Japanese forces used this approach against Allied forces. However, Allied forces drastically outnumbered the Japanese, and they were equipped with a very high number of automatic weapons. They also consisted of well-trained forces who would quickly adapt to Japanese charges. If the Allied forces could establish a defensive perimeter, their superior firepower would often result in crippling Japanese casualties and a failure of the attack. The Japanese battle-cry "Banzai" led to this form of charge being called the "
2345:
2375:, where the highly disciplined Japanese soldiers were fighting against enemies with comparatively lower discipline and without many automatic weapons such as machine guns, oftentimes outnumbering them as well. In such instances, a determined charge could break into the enemy lines and win the day. The effectiveness of such strategies in China made them a standard tactic for the Imperial Japanese Army. These tactics became mostly known to Western audiences during the
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2251:(1904-1905), human wave attacks were conducted on Russian artillery and machine guns by the Japanese which ended up becoming suicidal. Since the Japanese suffered massive casualties in the attacks, one description of the aftermath was that "a thick, unbroken mass of corpses covered the cold earth like a coverlet."
2439:
also commented that the word "mass" was indiscriminately used by the media to describe
Chinese infantry tactics, and it is rare for the Chinese to actually use densely concentrated infantry formations to absorb enemy firepower. In response to the media's stereotype of Chinese assault troops deployed
2115:
However, this solution usually means that the attackers must sacrifice concealment and cover for numbers and speed. Because of this trade-off, human wave attacks can be used by an attacker which lacks tactical training or one which lacks firepower and the ability to manoeuvre, but which can motivate
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for the attackers to advance into enemy fire. However, when matched against modern weaponry such as automatic firearms, artillery and aircraft, a human wave attack is an extremely dangerous and costly tactic in the face of devastating firepower. Thus, for a human wave attack to succeed on the modern
2091:
infantry formations against an enemy line, without any attempts to shield or to mask the attacker's movement. The goal of a human wave attack is to maneuver as many people as possible into close range, hoping that the shock from a large mass of attackers engaged in melee combat would force the enemy
2447:
In
Chinese sources, this tactic is referred to as "three-three fireteams," after the composition of the attack: three men would form one fireteam, and three fireteams would form one squad. A Chinese platoon, consisting of 33 to 50 soldiers (depending on if they had a heavy weapons team), would form
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honor code that viewed surrender as shameful or unacceptable, whereas the bravery of a human wave charge, even if suicidal, was an honorable choice. These banzai charges by
Japanese soldiers against Allied troops equipped with machine guns, light mortars, semi-automatic rifles and sub-machine guns
2614:
The term ″meat grinder″ has been used to describe these tactics used by Russia in attempts to wear down
Ukrainian forces and expose their positions to Russian artillery. According to NATO and Western military officials, around 1,200 Russian soldiers were killed or wounded in Ukraine every day on
2434:
This persistent attack pattern left a strong impression on UN forces that fought in Korea, giving birth to the description of "human wave." U.S. Army historian Roy Edgar
Appleman observed that the term "human wave" was later used by journalists and military officials to convey the image that the
2430:
on a narrow front against the weakest point in enemy defenses. The PVA assault team would crawl undetected within grenade range, then launch surprise attacks against the defenders in order to breach the defenses by relying on maximum shock and confusion. If the initial shock failed to breach the
2231:
On June 11 and June 14 1900, Boxers armed only with bladed melee weapons directly charged the
Alliance troops at Langfang armed with rifles and machine guns in human wave attacks and the Boxers also blocked the retreat of the expedition via train by destroying the Tianjin-Langfang railway.
2326:. This led to massive losses on the Soviet side and contributed to why the clearly weaker Finnish forces (both in manpower and armament) were able to temporarily resist the Soviet attacks on the Karelian Isthmus. Soviet attacks in other sectors were successfully halted by the Finns.
2336:, talks about the eventual technological advancement of Soviet spearhead forces, becoming as effective as German forces, however he still acknowledges that elements of "unthinkable self-sacrifice, 'human wave' tactics, and draconian punishment" existed.
2607:, claimed that Russia threw "masses of poorly trained soldiers right into the battlefield without proper equipment, and apparently without proper training and preparation." Russian troops have claimed that they were threatened with being shot by
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39:
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were often ineffective in altering the outcome of a battle, but
American troops later reported severe psychological pressure from defending against these out-gunned human waves.
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2095:
The human wave attack's reliance on melee combat usually makes the organization and the training of the attacking force irrelevant, but it requires either great physical
2386:
In addition to its strategic use by
Japanese military forces, the frequency of its use has been explained, in part, as Japanese troops adhering to their traditional
2112:
into the enemy line in the shortest time and in the greatest numbers possible, so that a sufficient mass can be preserved when the attackers reach melee range.
74:. The name refers to the concept of a coordinated mass of soldiers falling upon an enemy force and sweeping them away with sheer weight and momentum, like an
2300:
109:
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starting in 2022, the
Ukrainian military and Western media reported that the Russian military use human wave attacks to overcome Ukrainian defenses.
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2467:. Their use in the Sino-Vietnamese War is a rare example of an army with superior firepower, in this case the PLA, throwing away its advantage.
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2287:, it was not uncommon for Republican commanders to order units onto attacks that were warned by field officers to be ill-advised or suicidal.
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3670:"Modern Banzai Charge: Russian Troops Pile Onto Vehicles, Speed Toward Ukrainian Lines ... And Die. But The Tactic Is Helping Russia Advance"
3521:
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positions, allowing the enemy machine gunners to mow them down, a tactic described as "incomprehensible fatalism" by the Finnish commander
2548:. According to some reports, trench warfare led to the loss of "thousands of young lives in human-wave assaults on Eritrea's positions".
1816:
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units. It was also claimed that the Russian infantry sent in "human wave" attacks are poorly trained and equipped, with minimal or no
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According to U.S. Army analyst Edward C. O'Dowd, the technical definition of a human wave attack tactic is a frontal assault by
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Human wave attacks have been used by several armed forces around the world, including European and American armies during the
2757:
1652:
3718:"Russia's bloody fight for a ruined Ukrainian town has been a mess, and its forces are getting slaughtered, milbloggers say"
3754:"'They threatened to shoot us if we didn't advance' — Russian soldiers deployed near Ukraine's Vuhledar ask Putin for help"
3439:
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their squads in ranks in a staggered arrowhead formation, which would be employed to attack "one point" from "two sides."
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was known for its use of human wave attacks. There were even specialized units who were trained in this type of assault.
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2006:
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2575:, it was claimed that Russian Army regulars were sent into the battles using human wave tactics to capture the towns.
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Montoya, Maria; Belmonte, Laura A.; Guarneri, Carl J.; Hackel, Steven; Hartigan-O'Connor, Ellen (5 October 2016).
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2528:, some of the attacks conducted by Iranian forces in large operations, were considered to be human wave attacks.
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in vast "human seas", a joke circulated among the US servicemen was "How many hordes are there in a Chinese
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32:"Human wave" redirects here. For the crowd act associated with sporting and entertainment events, see
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expected China to use the tactic if necessary. The Chinese army re-adopted this tactic during the
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formations against the enemy line, intended to overrun and overwhelm the defenders by engaging in
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3084:
Soul of the Sword: An Illustrated History of Weaponry and Warfare from Prehistory to the Present
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2423:—the overall commander of the PVA forces in Korea—is said to have invented this tactic.
3141:"The Forgotten Story of the American Troops Who Got Caught Up in the Russian Civil War"
2795:
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3625:"'Why should I fight?': How Russian soldiers are mutinying in face of 'certain death'"
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American soldiers were assaulted by overwhelming numbers of Chinese on a broad front.
4055:
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2380:
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2540:, the widespread use of trenches has resulted in comparisons of the conflict to the
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1981:
1961:
1956:
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due to the stagnation of the Chinese military modernization programs during the
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984:
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3884:, College Station, TX: Texas A and M University Military History Series, 14,
3866:, College Station, TX: Texas A and M University Military History Series, 11,
3493:
3279:
3214:"Japan plans final push to bring home its war dead - Asia - DW - 19.04.2016"
2652:
1913:
1737:
1687:
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680:
366:
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222:
3189:"Banzai Cliff was the Site of Hundreds of Suicides at the Battle of Saipan"
3962:
Formidable Enemies: The North Korean and Chinese Soldier in the Korean War
3953:
3780:
3020:
American Political and Cultural Perspectives on Japan: From Perry to Obama
17:
3806:"Russia Sends Waves of Troops to the Front in a Brutal Style of Fighting"
3498:
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1536:
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3824:"Ukraine calls them meat assaults: Russia's brutal plan to take ground"
3108:
This Week in Spanish Civil War History – Week 18: 14 – 21 November 1936
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4047:
Documentary clip highlighting Iran's Human Wave Attacks vs. Iraq 1982
3700:"Russia pursues Avdiivka with 'meat assaults' in a replay of Bakhmut"
2104:
1445:
846:
663:
399:
2426:
A typical Chinese short attack was carried out at night by numerous
3122:"Lost Illusions: The Americans who fought in the Spanish Civil War"
2960:
The Savage Wars Of Peace: Small Wars And The Rise Of American Power
3559:"Eritrean disaster looms as a million flee from rapidly advancing"
2476:
2343:
2213:
2185:
921:
457:
452:
3779:
Ivshina, Olga; Brewer, Becky Dale & Kirstie (17 April 2024).
3737:"Russia launched 'renewed offensive' against Ukraine, Kirby says"
3644:"Human wave tactics are demoralizing the Russian army in Ukraine"
3606:"Human wave tactics are demoralizing the Russian army in Ukraine"
2758:
RED ARMY ASSAULT AT SEELOW HEIGHTS – MAY '99 WORLD WAR II FEATURE
2451:
Although abandoned by the PVA by 1953, outside observers such as
2403:, the term "human wave attack" was used to describe the Chinese
217:
212:
3942:
The Chinese Communist Army in Action: The War and its Aftermath
3882:
Escaping the Trap: The US Army X Corps in Northeast Korea, 1950
2849:
The Chinese at the Negotiating Table: Style and Characteristics
3048:
Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military
2488:
90:
2655:
designed in 1952 as a response to human wave attacks in Korea
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
43:
Japanese woodcut print depicting an infantry charge in the
3588:"Russia's 'Human Wave Attacks' Are Another Step Into Hell"
2819:"Russia's 'Human Wave Attacks' Are Another Step Into Hell"
2295:
There were elements of human waves being utilized in the
2579:
paramilitary units also used "human wave attacks" using
3924:
100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present
3161:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. pp. 123–125.
2615:
average in May and June 2024, mainly due to the use of
2505:
2348:
Dead Japanese soldiers lie on the beach after a failed
2228:
where the Eight Nation Alliance was forced to retreat.
3272:
Carmichael, Cathie; Maguire, Richard C. (1 May 2015).
3159:
The Winter War: The Soviet Attack on Finland 1939-1940
2283:. Also, as recounted by various former members of the
2318:
used human wave charges repeatedly against fortified
4001:
Chinese Military Strategy in the Third Indochina War
3599:
3597:
3176:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 140–141.
2216:. Boxer rebels performed human wave attacks against
4042:
Footage of human wave attacks during the Korean war
3514:
The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa
2993:
The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study
2930:
The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study
2903:
The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study
2876:
The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study
2108:battlefield, it is imperative for the attackers to
3494:"The 'beauty' and the horror of the Iran-Iraq war"
3045:
2259:Human wave attacks have also been deployed by the
3864:Disaster in Korea: The Chinese Confront MacArthur
3539:"Peace Deal May Be Near for Ethiopia and Eritrea"
3581:
3579:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3446:. George Washington University. Archived from
3983:Infantry Operations and Weapon Usage in Korea
3926:, New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA,
3174:Shooting Up: A short history of drugs and war
2769:
2767:
2765:
2670:
2668:
2063:
62:in which an attacker conducts an unprotected
8:
2583:to fight in Ukraine, including those in the
3516:. New Haven: Yale University. p. 345.
2419:(PVA). According to some accounts, Marshal
3479:
3467:
3425:
2784:
2782:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2070:
2056:
80:
3356:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3392:
3368:
3309:
2773:
2674:
2367:The charge was used successfully in the
2275:, particularly the counterattack by the
2208:Human wave attacks were used during the
1034:List of military strategies and concepts
38:
3848:, New York, NY: Hippocrene Books, Inc,
3440:"The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, 1969"
3380:
3157:Engle, Eloise; Paananen, Lauri (1973).
2664:
88:
3404:
2485:Martyrdom in Iran § Iran–Iraq War
3623:Nataliya Vasilyeva (March 10, 2023).
3087:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 243–.
7:
3139:Trickey, Erick (February 12, 2019),
2816:Kluth, Andreas (February 14, 2023).
3586:Andreas Kluth (February 14, 2023).
3416:林彪 (1948).《一点两面与班组的三三制战术》. 辽吉第五军分区.
3344:
3332:
2852:. DIANE Publishing. pp. 232–.
2538:Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998-2000
3187:Godbey, Holly (5 September 2017).
2334:The Oxford History of World War II
25:
3438:Burr, William, ed. (2001-06-12).
3275:The Routledge History of Genocide
3023:. Lexington Books. pp. 41–.
2963:(revised ed.). Basic Books.
3781:"Russia's meat grinder soldiers"
3642:Yanchik, Olivia (8 April 2023).
2927:Lanxin Xiang (4 February 2014).
2900:Lanxin Xiang (4 February 2014).
2873:Lanxin Xiang (4 February 2014).
2789:Anderson, Jon Lee (2009-06-19),
2611:if they retreated from attacks.
2492:
108:
3985:, London, UK: Greenhill Books,
3668:Axe, David (26 February 2024).
3604:Olivia Yanchik (8 April 2023).
3119:Crain, Calen (April 11, 2016),
3017:John H. Miller (2 April 2014).
2581:convicts recruited from prisons
3964:, Novato, CA: Presidio Press,
3537:Fisher, Ian (23 August 1999).
3492:Gallagher, Mike (2015-09-26),
2605:U.S. National Security Council
2394:
2267:most notably their defense of
2092:to disintegrate or fall back.
1:
3940:George, Alexander L. (1967),
2745:"National Revolutionary Army"
3846:Korea: The First War We Lost
3844:Alexander, Bevin R. (1986),
2933:. Routledge. pp. 264–.
2906:. Routledge. pp. 263–.
2879:. Routledge. pp. 262–.
4003:, New York, NY: Routledge,
3044:Robert B. Edgerton (1997).
2558:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2552:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2301:American soldiers in Russia
2198:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2158:National Revolutionary Army
2116:and control its personnel.
1527:Military–industrial complex
1006:Operational manoeuvre group
4093:
3999:O'Dowd, Edward C. (2007),
3172:Kamieński, Łukasz (2016).
2996:. Routledge. p. 264.
2846:Alfred D. Wilhelm (1994).
2474:
66:with densely concentrated
31:
3946:Columbia University Press
3735:Berg, Matt (2023-10-13),
3444:National Security Archive
3299:– via Google Books.
3261:– via Google Books.
2791:"Understanding The Basij"
1591:Loss-of-strength gradient
448:Combat information center
4021:, Novato, CA: Presidio,
4017:Roe, Patrick C. (2000),
2383:" by the Allied forces.
2373:Second Sino-Japanese War
2174:People's Liberation Army
1909:Military science fiction
1394:Technology and equipment
815:List of military tactics
3960:Mahoney, Kevin (2001),
3922:Davis, Paul K. (2001),
2619:of human wave attacks.
2603:, spokesperson for the
2417:People's Volunteer Army
2395:People's Volunteer Army
2166:People's Volunteer Army
2142:Spanish Republican Army
1977:Wartime sexual violence
1733:Full-spectrum dominance
1544:Supply-chain management
3880:Appleman, Roy (1990),
3862:Appleman, Roy (1989),
3512:Tareke, Gebru (2009).
2990:Lanxin, Xiang (2014).
2563:During the battles of
2532:Eritrean-Ethiopian War
2362:Imperial Japanese Army
2357:
2340:Imperial Japanese Army
2154:Imperial Japanese Army
1889:Awards and decorations
1862:Peace through strength
1837:Low-intensity conflict
1471:Conscientious objector
1344:Area of responsibility
47:
3077:Robert L. O'Connell;
2354:Battle of Guadalcanal
2347:
2218:Eight-Nation Alliance
2194:Russian Ground Forces
481:Torpedo data computer
471:Ship gun fire-control
78:breaking on a beach.
42:
3758:Novaya Gazeta Europe
3482:, pp. 144, 164.
3470:, pp. 150, 165.
3244:. Cengage Learning.
3193:Warhistoryonline.com
3145:Smithsonian Magazine
2281:Buenaventura Durruti
2263:in Spain during the
2249:Siege of Port Arthur
2089:densely concentrated
2007:Military occupations
1842:Military engineering
1744:Unrestricted Warfare
1601:Force multiplication
499:Military manoeuvrers
4077:Tactical formations
3612:. Atlantic Council.
3052:. Norton. pp.
2710:, pp. 145–146.
2639:Swarming (military)
2465:Cultural Revolution
2461:Sino-Vietnamese War
2407:, a combination of
2255:Spanish Republicans
2182:Sino-Vietnamese War
1693:Penal military unit
1678:Rules of engagement
1354:Command and control
979:Operations research
443:Director (military)
433:Fire-control system
203:Command and control
84:Part of a series on
4019:The Dragon Strikes
3907:. London: Viking.
3810:The New York Times
3724:. 31 October 2023.
3706:. 1 November 2023.
3544:The New York Times
2504:. You can help by
2369:Russo-Japanese War
2358:
2243:Russo-Japanese War
2226:Battle of Langfang
2222:Seymour Expedition
2220:forces during the
2126:American Civil War
1802:Counter-insurgency
1723:Command of the sea
1668:Jewish laws on war
1643:Geneva Conventions
1179:Divide and conquer
974:Military operation
939:Tactical objective
438:Fire-control radar
415:Electronic-warfare
58:, is an offensive
54:, also known as a
48:
45:Russo-Japanese War
4010:978-0-415-41427-2
3971:978-0-89141-738-5
3933:978-0-19-514366-9
3914:978-0-14-103240-5
3873:978-1-60344-128-5
3855:978-0-87052-135-5
3523:978-0-300-14163-4
3094:978-0-684-84407-7
3079:John H. Batchelor
3063:978-0-393-04085-2
3030:978-0-7391-8913-9
2940:978-1-136-86582-4
2913:978-1-136-86582-4
2886:978-1-136-86582-4
2859:978-0-7881-2340-5
2629:Attrition warfare
2522:
2521:
2314:of 1939–1940 the
2297:Russian Civil War
2285:Lincoln Battalion
2265:Spanish Civil War
2146:Spanish Civil War
2080:
2079:
1972:Horses in warfare
1919:Anti-war movement
1822:Gunboat diplomacy
1812:Disaster response
1760:Philosophy of war
1755:Principles of war
1728:Deterrence theory
1673:Right of conquest
1596:Lanchester's laws
1364:Principles of war
1054:Counter-offensive
1039:Military campaign
944:Target saturation
867:Counterinsurgency
476:Gun data computer
410:Close air support
372:Aircraft carriers
52:human wave attack
16:(Redirected from
4084:
4031:
4013:
3995:
3979:Marshall, S.L.A.
3974:
3956:
3944:, New York, NY:
3936:
3918:
3894:
3876:
3858:
3832:
3831:
3820:
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3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3722:Business Insider
3714:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3648:Atlantic Council
3639:
3633:
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3614:
3613:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3583:
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3408:
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3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3241:Global Americans
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3177:
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3148:
3147:
3136:
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3110:
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3099:
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3074:
3068:
3067:
3051:
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3014:
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2977:
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2821:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2805:
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2786:
2777:
2771:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2678:
2672:
2644:Creeping barrage
2517:
2514:
2496:
2489:
2453:Allen S. Whiting
2415:employed by the
2072:
2065:
2058:
1827:Humanitarian aid
1765:Security dilemma
1586:Power projection
1369:Economy of force
1349:Chain of command
1064:Defence in depth
1049:Commerce raiding
872:Defeat in detail
208:Defense ministry
112:
103:
102:
93:
81:
56:human sea attack
21:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4062:Assault tactics
4052:
4051:
4038:
4029:
4016:
4011:
3998:
3993:
3977:
3972:
3959:
3939:
3934:
3921:
3915:
3897:
3892:
3879:
3874:
3861:
3856:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3812:. 27 June 2024.
3804:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3760:. 26 March 2023
3752:
3751:
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3729:
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3563:The Independent
3557:
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3466:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:, pp. 4–5.
3403:
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3367:
3363:
3355:
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3343:
3339:
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3095:
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3016:
3015:
3011:
3004:
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2899:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2825:Washington Post
2815:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2743:
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2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2681:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2625:
2599:. Rear Admiral
2554:
2534:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2502:needs expansion
2487:
2475:Main articles:
2473:
2437:S.L.A. Marshall
2397:
2342:
2316:Soviet Red Army
2303:supporting the
2293:
2291:Soviet Red Army
2273:Siege of Madrid
2257:
2245:
2235:The Boxers and
2212:(1899-1901) in
2210:Boxer Rebellion
2206:
2204:Boxer Rebellion
2184:, the Iranian
2138:Boxer Rebellion
2122:
2085:
2076:
2047:
2046:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1847:Multilateralism
1832:Law enforcement
1792:
1782:
1781:
1750:Just war theory
1708:
1698:
1697:
1648:Geneva Protocol
1618:
1608:
1607:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1214:Network-centric
1134:
1124:
1123:
1031:
1021:
1020:
969:
959:
958:
907:Rapid dominance
812:
802:
801:
757:Electromagnetic
666:
656:
655:
642:
595:
543:
519:
509:
508:
504:Combat training
485:
462:
428:Combat systems:
424:
386:
382:Auxiliary ships
348:
308:
304:Military police
270:
193:
183:
182:
122:
96:
95:
94:
89:
64:frontal assault
60:infantry tactic
37:
28:
27:Military tactic
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4079:
4074:
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4064:
4054:
4053:
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4049:
4044:
4037:
4036:External links
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4014:
4009:
3996:
3991:
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3970:
3957:
3937:
3932:
3919:
3913:
3899:Beevor, Antony
3895:
3890:
3877:
3872:
3859:
3854:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3830:. 4 July 2024.
3815:
3797:
3771:
3745:
3727:
3709:
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3660:
3634:
3615:
3593:
3575:
3550:
3529:
3522:
3504:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3430:
3428:, p. 148.
3418:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3371:, pp. 5–6
3361:
3359:, p. 311.
3357:Alexander 1986
3349:
3337:
3335:, p. 435.
3314:
3312:, p. 363.
3302:
3288:
3264:
3250:
3230:
3205:
3179:
3164:
3149:
3131:
3127:The New Yorker
3111:
3100:
3093:
3069:
3062:
3036:
3029:
3009:
3003:978-1136865893
3002:
2982:
2970:978-0465038664
2969:
2946:
2939:
2919:
2912:
2892:
2885:
2865:
2858:
2838:
2808:
2799:, New York, NY
2796:The New Yorker
2778:
2776:, p. 353.
2761:
2750:
2736:
2734:, p. 143.
2724:
2722:, p. 144.
2712:
2700:
2698:, p. 145.
2679:
2677:, p. 362.
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2617:Soviet tactics
2609:barrier troops
2553:
2550:
2542:trench warfare
2533:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2499:
2497:
2472:
2469:
2396:
2393:
2341:
2338:
2292:
2289:
2277:Durruti Column
2256:
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2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Military terms
2009:
2004:
1998:
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1988:
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1984:
1979:
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1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1950:
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1770:Tripwire force
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1292:Administrative
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1219:New generation
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1194:Fleet in being
1191:
1186:
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1176:
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1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:Grand strategy
1130:
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1119:Scorched earth
1116:
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996:Deep operation
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844:
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837:
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813:
808:
807:
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803:
800:
799:
797:Unconventional
794:
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743:Disinformation
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494:Basic training
491:
484:
483:
478:
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468:
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460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
423:
422:
420:Reconnaissance
417:
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397:
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385:
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369:
364:
359:
354:
347:
346:
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339:Special forces
336:
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307:
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296:
294:Reconnaissance
291:
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185:
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163:
162:
161:
156:
146:
145:
144:
137:Post-classical
134:
129:
123:
118:
117:
114:
113:
105:
104:
86:
85:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4089:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4028:0-89141-703-6
4024:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3992:0-947898-88-3
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:0-89096-395-9
3887:
3883:
3878:
3875:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3807:
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3693:
3691:
3687:
3675:
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3664:
3661:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3635:
3630:
3629:The Telegraph
3626:
3619:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3580:
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3564:
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3551:
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3545:
3540:
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3508:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3450:on 2009-10-13
3449:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3393:Marshall 1988
3389:
3386:
3383:, p. 73.
3382:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3369:Marshall 1988
3365:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3347:, p. 93.
3346:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3310:Appleman 1990
3306:
3303:
3291:
3289:9781317514848
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3253:
3251:9781337101127
3247:
3243:
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3215:
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3085:
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3073:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2983:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2947:
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2826:
2820:
2812:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2774:Appleman 1989
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2740:
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2733:
2728:
2725:
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2709:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2675:Appleman 1990
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Cannon fodder
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2526:Iran–Iraq War
2516:
2507:
2503:
2500:This section
2498:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:Iran–Iraq War
2478:
2471:Iran–Iraq War
2470:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:shock tactics
2410:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2381:Banzai charge
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2350:banzai charge
2346:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2332:in his book,
2331:
2330:Richard Overy
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:recounted by
2298:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:Casa de Campo
2266:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:Iran–Iraq War
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2082:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Warrior caste
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1869:Show of force
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:Peacebuilding
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
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1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Air supremacy
1711:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Islamic rules
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Court-martial
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
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1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Arms industry
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1498:
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1207:
1205:
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1200:
1197:
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1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Broken-backed
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
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1100:
1097:
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1087:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
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1070:
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1055:
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1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:Expeditionary
989:
987:
986:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
968:
963:
962:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
923:
920:
919:
918:
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913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Counterattack
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
811:
806:
805:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:Psychological
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
723:Combined arms
721:
719:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
699:
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692:
689:
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600:
597:
596:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Fortification
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
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548:
545:
544:
538:
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528:
525:
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411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
383:
380:
378:
377:Landing craft
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
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328:
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324:
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300:
297:
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290:
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285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
267:
263:
262:Standing army
260:
258:
255:
253:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
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224:
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187:
186:
177:
174:
172:
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168:
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164:
160:
157:
155:
154:pike and shot
152:
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150:
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140:
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135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
121:
116:
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111:
107:
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100:
92:
87:
83:
82:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
35:
34:Audience wave
30:
19:
4072:Land warfare
4018:
4000:
3982:
3961:
3941:
3923:
3903:
3881:
3863:
3845:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3774:
3762:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3740:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3703:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3647:
3637:
3628:
3618:
3610:UkraineAlert
3609:
3590:. Bloomberg.
3567:. Retrieved
3565:. 2000-05-19
3562:
3553:
3542:
3532:
3513:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3452:. Retrieved
3448:the original
3443:
3433:
3421:
3412:
3400:
3395:, p. 5.
3388:
3381:Mahoney 2001
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3274:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3240:
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3217:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:
3182:
3173:
3167:
3158:
3152:
3144:
3134:
3126:
3114:
3103:
3083:
3072:
3047:
3039:
3019:
3012:
2992:
2985:
2974:. Retrieved
2959:
2949:
2929:
2922:
2902:
2895:
2875:
2868:
2848:
2841:
2831:February 14,
2829:. Retrieved
2823:
2811:
2801:, retrieved
2794:
2753:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2649:M18 Claymore
2613:
2577:Wagner Group
2562:
2555:
2535:
2523:
2510:
2506:adding to it
2501:
2450:
2446:
2433:
2425:
2409:infiltration
2405:short attack
2404:
2398:
2385:
2366:
2359:
2333:
2328:
2309:
2294:
2258:
2246:
2237:Dong Fuxiang
2234:
2230:
2207:
2162:World War II
2123:
2114:
2094:
2086:
1982:Fifth column
1962:War resister
1957:Women in war
1852:Peacekeeping
1797:Arms control
1742:
1431:Mobilization
1426:Conscription
1384:Intelligence
1337:Organization
983:
912:Encirclement
792:Radiological
728:Conventional
582:Subterranean
489:Development:
488:
465:
427:
389:
352:Naval units:
351:
344:Signal corps
311:
289:Intelligence
274:Specialties:
273:
198:Organization
149:Early modern
72:melee combat
55:
51:
49:
29:
3480:O'Dowd 2007
3468:O'Dowd 2007
3426:O'Dowd 2007
3405:George 1967
3295:22 November
3257:22 November
3223:22 November
3198:22 November
2732:O'Dowd 2007
2720:O'Dowd 2007
2708:O'Dowd 2007
2696:O'Dowd 2007
2597:air support
2556:During the
2546:World War I
2524:During the
2457:Vietnam War
2421:Peng Dehuai
2399:During the
2377:Pacific War
2352:during the
2271:during the
2261:Republicans
2247:During the
2196:during the
2188:during the
2178:Vietnam War
2176:during the
2168:during the
2160:during the
2144:during the
2136:during the
2130:World War I
1967:War studies
1790:Non-warfare
1718:Appeasement
1683:Martial law
1522:War economy
1461:Transgender
1414:Recruitment
1174:Containment
1059:Culminating
967:Operational
887:Envelopment
830:Air assault
711:Air cavalry
671:Air defence
651:Information
552:Cold-region
517:Battlespace
466:Historical:
312:Land units:
238:Space force
233:Coast guard
166:Late modern
127:Prehistoric
4056:Categories
3904:Stalingrad
3838:References
3704:Al Jazeera
3569:2022-09-13
3454:2023-07-19
2976:2014-11-11
2803:2010-11-22
2601:John Kirby
2593:mechanized
2401:Korean War
2324:Mannerheim
2312:Winter War
2305:White Army
2192:, and the
2170:Korean War
2083:Definition
2027:War crimes
2017:Operations
1924:Foot drill
1894:Battle cry
1807:deterrence
1466:Harassment
1441:Specialism
1264:Technology
1259:Succession
1204:Liberation
1139:Asymmetric
1074:Empty fort
985:Blitzkrieg
954:Withdrawal
917:Investment
696:Camouflage
691:Biological
629:Underwater
604:Amphibious
523:Aerospace
390:Air units:
367:Submarines
176:fourth-gen
171:industrial
159:napoleonic
76:ocean wave
18:Human wave
3764:27 August
3280:Routledge
2955:Boot, Max
2653:land mine
2428:fireteams
1914:War novel
1817:Grey-zone
1777:War games
1738:Overmatch
1688:War crime
1638:Desertion
1628:Ceasefire
1623:Armistice
1510:Logistics
1488:Mercenary
1476:Volunteer
1407:Personnel
1379:Engineers
1324:Sociology
1279:World war
1274:Total war
1254:Strategic
1244:Religious
1229:Political
1224:Perpetual
1199:Irregular
1114:Offensive
1089:Defensive
1084:Deception
1044:Attrition
897:Guerrilla
892:Formation
835:Airbridge
767:Loitering
681:Artillery
334:Artillery
284:Engineers
252:Irregular
223:Air force
4067:Infantry
3981:(1988),
3901:(1998).
3828:BBC News
3785:BBC Home
3741:Politico
3499:BBC News
3345:Roe 2000
3333:Roe 2000
3081:(2002).
2957:(2014).
2623:See also
2573:Avdiivka
2569:Vuhledar
2513:May 2023
2371:and the
2224:and the
2172:and the
2156:and the
2150:Red Army
2101:coercion
1929:War song
1904:War film
1537:Materiel
1456:Children
1436:Training
1374:Medicine
1359:Doctrine
1314:Training
1249:Resource
1234:Princely
1184:Economic
1169:Conquest
1164:Colonial
1159:Cold war
1144:Blockade
1029:Strategy
1001:Maneuver
762:Infantry
718:Chemical
572:Mountain
532:Airborne
395:Fighters
362:Warships
317:Infantry
243:Reserves
191:Military
68:infantry
2589:Storm-V
2585:Storm-Z
2565:Bakhmut
2536:In the
2442:platoon
2388:Bushido
2320:Finnish
2310:In the
2279:led by
2097:courage
2042:Writers
2037:Weapons
2002:Battles
1951:Related
1939:Wargame
1934:Uniform
1882:Culture
1663:Perfidy
1658:Justice
1579:Science
1564:Outpost
1517:History
1497:Warrior
1493:Soldier
1481:foreign
1419:counter
1319:Service
1269:Theater
1209:Limited
1189:Endemic
1104:Nuclear
877:Foxhole
852:Cavalry
840:Airdrop
825:Airlift
810:Tactics
782:Nuclear
772:Missile
701:Cavalry
686:Barrage
664:Weapons
624:Surface
405:Command
400:Bombers
357:Frogman
327:Cavalry
299:Medical
266:Militia
248:Regular
228:Marines
142:castles
132:Ancient
120:History
99:outline
4025:
4007:
3989:
3968:
3954:284111
3952:
3930:
3911:
3888:
3870:
3852:
3679:28 May
3674:Forbes
3520:
3286:
3248:
3218:Dw.com
3091:
3060:
3027:
3000:
2967:
2937:
2910:
2883:
2856:
2571:, and
2483:, and
2356:, 1942
2164:, The
2148:, the
2140:, the
2134:Boxers
2132:, the
2110:charge
2105:morale
2022:Sieges
1706:Theory
1446:Morale
1304:Policy
1299:Branch
1079:Mosaic
1069:Fabian
1016:Covert
949:Trench
934:Screen
857:Charge
847:Battle
820:Aerial
738:Denial
706:Horses
634:Seabed
587:Tunnel
567:Jungle
557:Desert
527:Aerial
3790:3 May
3653:8 May
2660:Notes
2477:Basij
2214:China
2186:Basij
2103:, or
1995:Lists
1451:Women
1389:Ranks
1309:Staff
1239:Proxy
1154:Class
1109:Naval
1094:Depth
929:Swarm
922:Siege
902:Naval
882:Drone
777:Music
752:Robot
748:Drone
733:Cyber
676:Armor
646:Cyber
619:Green
614:Brown
577:Urban
537:Space
458:Radar
453:Sonar
322:Armor
279:Staff
257:Ranks
4023:ISBN
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3987:ISBN
3966:ISBN
3950:OCLC
3928:ISBN
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2360:The
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2032:Wars
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1011:Raid
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218:Navy
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