Humanitarian aid - Knowledge (XXG)

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Society of Public Welfare created a permanent sub-committee called "The International Committee for Aid to Wounded in Situations of War". Composed of five Geneva citizens, this committee endorsed Dunant's vision to legally neutralize medical personnel responding to wounded soldiers. The constitutive conference of this committee in October 1863 created the statutory foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross in their resolutions regarding national societies, caring for the wounded, their symbol, and most importantly the indispensable neutrality of ambulances, hospitals, medical personnel and the wounded themselves. Beyond this, in order to solidify humanitarian practice, the Geneva Society of Public Welfare hosted a convention between 8 and 22 August 1864 at the Geneva Town Hall with 16 diverse States present, including many governments of Europe, the Ottoman Empire, the United States of America (USA), Brazil and Mexico. This diplomatic conference was exceptional, not due to the number or status of its attendees but rather because of its very raison d'être. Unlike many diplomatic conferences before it, this conference's purpose was not to reach a settlement after a conflict nor to mediate between opposing interests; indeed this conference was to lay down rules for the future of conflict with aims to protect medical services and those wounded in battle.

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dying of disease than from battle wounds. Typhus, typhoid, cholera and dysentery were common in the army hospitals. Nightingale and her team established a kitchen, laundry and increased hygiene. More nurses arrived to aid in the efforts and the General Hospital at Scutari was able to care for 6,000 patients. Nightingale's contributions still influence humanitarian aid efforts. This is especially true in regard to Nightingale's use of statistics and measures of mortality and morbidity. Nightingale used principles of new science and statistics to measure progress and plan for her hospital. She kept records of the number and cause of deaths in order to continuously improve the conditions in hospitals. Her findings were that in every 1,000 soldiers, 600 were dying of communicable and infectious diseases. She worked to improve hygiene, nutrition and clean water and decreased the mortality rate from 60% to 42% to 2.2%. All of these improvements are pillars of modern humanitarian intervention. Once she returned to Great Britain she campaigned for the founding of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She advocated for the use of statistics and coxcombs to portray the needs of those in conflict settings.

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second limitation is how humanitarian organizations are focused on a specific disaster or epidemic, without a plan for whatever might come next; international organizations frequently enter a region, provide short term aid, and then exit without ensuring local capacity to maintain or sustain this medical care. Finally, humanitarian medical aid assumes a biomedical approach which does not always account for the alternative beliefs and practices about health and well-being in the affected regions. This problem is rarely explored as most studies conducted are done from the lens of the donor or Westernized humanitarian organization rather than the recipient country's perspective. Discovering ways of encouraging locals to embrace bio-medicine approaches while simultaneously respecting a given people's culture and beliefs remains a major challenge for humanitarian aid organizations; in particular as organizations constantly enter new regions as crises occur. However, understanding how to provide aid cohesively with existing regional approaches is necessary in securing the local peoples' acceptance of the humanitarian aid's work.

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ethnic polarization heightened this effect. However, since academic research on aid and conflict focuses on the role of aid in post-conflict settings, the aforementioned finding is difficult to contextualize. Nevertheless, research on Iraq shows that "small-scale , local aid spending ... reduces conflict by creating incentives for average citizens to support the government in subtle ways." Similarly, another study also shows that aid flows can "reduce conflict because increasing aid revenues can relax government budget constraints, which can increase military spending and deter opposing groups from engaging in conflict." Thus, the impact of humanitarian aid on conflict may vary depending upon the type and mode in which aid is received, and,

1355:, as well as those by the International Committee for Russian Relief joined extant humanitarian organizations in delivering food and medicine to Russia over the course of 1921 and 1922, at some points feeding over 10 millions Russians every day. With the United States left relatively untouched by World War I, its intensive private and public efforts in Russia constituted a clear expression of its new paramount soft power on the international stage, with power projection from European states having been either totally destroyed or severely limited in scope in the years following the conflict. 1251:

related personnel, the requirement to care for and protect the sick and wounded during the conflict and something of particular symbolic importance to the International Committee of the Red Cross: the Red Cross emblem. For the first time in contemporary history, it was acknowledged by a representative selection of states that war had limits. The significance only grew with time in the revision and adaptation of the Geneva Convention in 1906, 1929 and 1949; additionally, supplementary treaties granted protection to hospital ships, prisoners of war and most importantly to civilians in wartime.

1174: 1046: 1207: 276: 331: 1232:: impartiality and neutrality. Dunant took these ideas and came up with two more ingenious concepts that would profoundly alter the practice of war; first Dunant envisioned a creation of permanent volunteer relief societies, much like the ad hoc relief group he coordinated in Solferino, to assist wounded soldiers; next Dunant began an effort to call for the adoption of a treaty which would guarantee the protection of wounded soldiers and any who attempted to come to their aid. 578:, food aid can have the unintended consequence of discouraging household-level production. Poor timing of aid and FFW wages that are above market rates cause negative dependency by diverting labor from local private uses, particularly if FFW obligations decrease labor on a household's own enterprises during a critical part of the production cycle. This type of disincentive impacts not only food aid recipients but also producers who sell to areas receiving food aid flows. 553:, driving down prices of the food aid commodity and its substitutes, but also increasing demand for complements. Most recipient economies are not robust and food aid inflows can cause large price decreases, decreasing producer profits, limiting producers' abilities to pay off debts and thereby diminishing both capacity and incentives to invest in improving agricultural productivity. However, food aid distributed directly or through FFW programs to households in northern 5964: 1240: 1438: 600:

aid being not only inefficacious but actually fuelling conflicts in the recipient countries. Aid stealing is one of the prime ways in which conflict is promoted by humanitarian aid. Aid can be seized by armed groups, and even if it does reach the intended recipients, "it is difficult to exclude local members of a local militia group from being direct recipients if they are also malnourished and qualify to receive aid."

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governments for global support and partnership to address natural disasters, wars, and other crises that impact people's health. Often, a humanitarian aid organization would clash with a government's approach to the unfolding domestic conflict. In such cases, humanitarian aid organizations have sought out autonomy to extend help regardless of political or ethnic affiliation.

376:. However, gaining secure access often involves negotiation and the practice of humanitarian diplomacy. In the arena of negotiations, humanitarian diplomacy is ostensibly used by humanitarian actors to try to persuade decision makers and leaders to act, at all times and in all circumstances, in the interest of vulnerable people and with full respect for fundamental 905: 342:. The majority of aid is provided in the form of in-kind goods or assistance, with cash and vouchers constituting only 6% of total humanitarian spending. However, evidence has shown how cash transfers can be better for recipients as it gives them choice and control, they can be more cost-efficient and better for local markets and economies. 1364: 318: 935:, a network of agencies working in the Humanitarian System, as 210,800 in 2008. This is made up of roughly 50% from NGOs, 25% from the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement and 25% from the UN system. In 2010, it was reported that the humanitarian fieldworker population increased by approximately 6% per year over the previous 10 years. 1014:

deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of neutrality and independence. In 2012 road travel was seen to be the most dangerous context, with kidnappings of aid workers quadrupling in the last decade, reaching more aid workers victims than any other form of attack.

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war and treatment of soldiers after they were injured or killed; in of themselves these accounts altered the course of history. Beyond this, in his two-week experience attending to the wounded soldiers of all nationalities, Dunant inadvertently established the vital conceptual pillars of what would later become the

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which is to ensure migrants and refugees retain access to basic goods and services and the labour market. Basic needs, including access to shelter, clean water, and child protection, are supplemented by the UN's efforts to facilitate social integration and legal regularization for displaced individuals.

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in June 1859, canceled his plans and began a relief response. Despite little to no experience as a medical physician, Dunant worked alongside local volunteers to assist the wounded soldiers from all warring parties, including Austrian, Italian and French casualties, in any way he could including the

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have in recent years made great efforts to increase participation, accountability and transparency in dealing with aid, yet humanitarian assistance remains a poorly understood process to those meant to be receiving it—much greater investment needs to be made into researching and investing in relevant

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are more attractive than work on recipients' own farms/businesses, either because the FFW pays immediately, or because the household considers the payoffs to the FFW project to be higher than the returns to labor on its own plots. Food aid programs hence take productive inputs away from local private

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Aid workers are exposed to tough conditions and have to be flexible, resilient, and responsible in an environment that humans are not psychologically supposed to deal with, in such severe conditions that trauma is common. In recent years, a number of concerns have been raised about the mental health

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ethnic group allowed the arrival of international aid organizations only upon agreement not give aid to the Lendu (opposition of Hema). Humanitarian aid workers have acknowledged the threat of stolen aid and have developed strategies for minimizing the amount of theft en route. However, aid can fuel

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identify theft by armed forces on the ground as a primary unintended consequence through which food aid and other types of humanitarian aid promote conflict. Food aid usually has to be transported across large geographic territories and during the transportation it becomes a target for armed forces,

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FFW programs are often used to counter a perceived dependency syndrome associated with freely distributed food. However, poorly designed FFW programs may cause more risk of harming local production than the benefits of free food distribution. In structurally weak economies, FFW program design is not

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changed the world in a way that no one, let alone Dunant, could have foreseen nor truly appreciated at the time. To start, Dunant was able to profoundly stir the emotions of his readers by bringing the battle and suffering into their homes, equipping them to understand the current barbaric state of

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While some critics were questioning whether the sector will truly benefit from the implementation of yet another humanitarian standard, others have praised it for its simplicity. Most notably, it has replaced the core standards of the Sphere Handbook and it is regularly referred to and supported by

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is the provision of emergency assistance and support to individuals and communities affected by armed conflict, with the aim of alleviating suffering, maintaining human dignity, and preserving life. This type of aid encompasses a wide range of services, including but not limited to, the delivery of

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Furthermore, analyzing the relationship between conflict and food aid, recent research shows that the United States food aid promoted civil conflict in recipient countries on average. An increase in United States' wheat aid increased the duration of armed civil conflicts in recipient countries, and

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In addition to post-conflict settings, a large portion of aid is often directed at countries currently undergoing conflicts. However, the effectiveness of humanitarian aid, particularly food aid, in conflict-prone regions has been criticized in recent years. There have been accounts of humanitarian

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provides guidelines for humanitarian actors on how be inclusive of gender when delivering humanitarian aid. It recommends agencies to collect data disaggregated by sex and age to better understand which group of the population is in need of what type of aid. In recent years, the United Nations have

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Early attempts were in private hands and were limited in their financial and organizational capabilities. It was only in the 1980s, that global news coverage and celebrity endorsement were mobilized to galvanize large-scale government-led famine (and other forms of) relief in response to disasters

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is concluded to have led to an increase in violent conflict in the country. After the program's start, some municipalities experienced and statistically significant and large increase in casualties, as compared to other municipalities who were not part of the CDD. Casualties suffered by government

671:, where food aid is funneled to the Shabab, a Somali militant group that controls much of Southern Somalia. Moreover, reports reveal that Somali contractors for aid agencies have formed a cartel and act as important power brokers, arming opposition groups with the profits made from the stolen aid" 349:

How aid is delivered can affect the quality and quantity of aid. Often in disaster situations, international aid agencies work in hand with local agencies. There can be different arrangements on the role these agencies play, and such arrangement affects that quality of hard and soft aid delivered.

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After publishing his foundational text in 1862, progress came quickly for Dunant and his efforts to create a permanent relief society and International Humanitarian Law. The embryonic formation of the International Committee of the Red Cross had begun to take shape in 1863 when the private Geneva

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and her team of 38 nurses arrived to Barracks Hospital of Scutari where there were thousands of sick and wounded soldiers. Nightingale and her team watched as the understaffed military hospitals struggled to maintain hygienic conditions and meet the needs of patients. Ten times more soldiers were

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documented 139 humanitarian workers killed in intentional attacks out of the estimated global population of 569,700 workers. In every year since 2013, more than 100 humanitarian workers were killed. This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers

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or, if they produce substitutes or the commodity received, they may sell more of it. This can be most easily understood by dividing a population in a food aid recipient area into subpopulations based on two criteria: whether or not they receive food aid (recipients vs. non-recipients) and whether

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operational activities, price changes, and trade displacement. These issues arise from targeting inefficacy and poor timing of aid programs. Food aid can harm producers by driving down prices of local products, whereas the producers are not themselves beneficiaries of food aid. Unintentional harm

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The UN implements a multifaceted approach to assist migrants and refugees throughout their relocation process. This includes children's integration into the local education system, food security, and access to health services. The approach also encompasses humanitarian transportation, the goal of

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Humanitarian medical aid as a sector possesses several limitations. First, multiple organizations often exist to solve the same problem. Rather than collaborating to address a given situation, organizations frequently interact as competitors, which creates bottlenecks of treatment and supplies. A

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There are different kinds of medical humanitarian aid, including: providing medical supplies and equipment; sending professionals to an affected region; and, long-term training for local medical staff. Such aid emerged when international organizations stepped in to respond to the need of national

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These results are consistent with other examples of humanitarian aid exacerbating civil conflict. One explanation is that insurgents attempt to sabotage CDD programs for political reasons – successful implementation of a government-supported project could weaken the insurgents' position. Related

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leads to an increase in the incidence of armed civil conflict in the recipient country. Another correlation demonstrated is food aid prolonging existing conflicts, specifically among countries with a recent history of civil conflict. However, this does not find an effect on conflict in countries

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if it was shipped on his planes. These shipments of humanitarian aid helped the rebel leader to circumvent the siege on Biafra placed by the Nigerian government. These stolen shipments of humanitarian aid caused the Biafran civil war to last years longer than it would have without the aid, claim

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are distinct concepts. Humanitarian aid generally refers to the provision of immediate, short-term relief in crisis situations, such as food, water, shelter, and medical care. Humanitarian assistance, on the other hand, encompasses a broader range of activities, including longer-term support for

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for money to help the victims. The Shandong Famine Relief Committee was soon established, with those participating including diplomats, businessmen, as well as Christian missionaries, Catholic and Protestant alike. An international network was set up to solicit donations, ultimately bringing in

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The beginnings of organized international humanitarian aid can be traced to the late 19th century. Early campaigns include British aid to distressed populations on the continent and in Sweden during the Napoleonic Wars, and the international relief campaigns during the Great Irish Famine in the

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Criticism around humanitarian aid has persisted to claim that the distribution of aid in conflict zones poses significant ethical, legal, and operational challenges, particularly when it comes to the inadvertent support of terrorist organizations in regions controlled or influenced by terrorist

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in 2024, or 1 out of 27 people worldwide. In 2024, the estimated global humanitarian response requirements amount to approximately US$ 46.4 billion, targeting around 188 million of the most vulnerable people in 69 countries. The three major drivers of humanitarian needs worldwide are conflicts,

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have been to various degrees blamed for the shocking severity of the famine, with critiques revolving around their laissez-faire attitude and the resulting lack of any adequate policy to address the mass death and suffering across the subcontinent, though meaningful relief measures began to be

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The first of the renowned Geneva Conventions was signed on 22 August 1864; never before in history has a treaty so greatly impacted how warring parties engage with one another. The basic tenents of the convention outlined the neutrality of medical services, including hospitals, ambulances, and

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It is important to note that humanitarian aid is not only delivered through aid workers sent by bilateral, multilateral or intergovernmental organizations, such as the United Nations. Actors like the affected people themselves, civil society, local informal first-responders, civil society, the

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to pen an open letter to the international community asking for relief for the Russian people. Despite the ongoing ideological, material, and military conflicts levied by both the new socialist state and the capitalist international community towards one another, efforts to aid the starving

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However, there is no clear consensus on the trade-offs between speed and control, especially in emergency situations when the humanitarian imperative of saving lives and alleviating suffering may conflict with the time and resources required to minimise corruption risks. Researchers at the

401:, the institutional and operational focus of humanitarian aid has been on leveraging technology to enhance humanitarian action, ensuring that more formal relationships are established, and improving the interaction between formal humanitarian organizations such as the United Nations (UN) 482:

meet to compile data and work on a humanitarian response plan. Throughout the plans. women specific challenges are listed and sex and age disaggregated data are used so when they deliver aid to a country facing a humanitarian crisis, girls and women can have access to the aid they need.

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In 2020, there was an exponential increase in humanitarian needs, with 235 million people, or 1 in 33 individuals globally, requiring humanitarian assistance and protection by the year's end. A report documented an 85% increase in humanitarian air during 2020 then the year before.

198:. The logic of food export inherently entails some effort to change consumers' preferences, to introduce recipients to new foods and thereby stimulate demand for foods with which recipients were previously unfamiliar or which otherwise represent only a small portion of their diet. 293:

from individuals, corporations, governments and other organizations. The funding and delivery of humanitarian aid is increasingly international, making it much faster, more responsive, and more effective in coping to major emergencies affecting large numbers of people (e.g. see

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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):

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ugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):

1453:, the World Humanitarian Summit included participants from governments, civil society organizations, private organizations, and groups affected by humanitarian need. Issues that were discussed included: preventing and ending conflict, managing crises, and aid financing. 745:

Waste and corruption are hard to quantify, in part because they are often taboo subjects, but they appear to be significant in humanitarian aid. For example, it has been estimated that over $ 8.75 billion was lost to waste, fraud, abuse and mismanagement in the

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shows that higher-income households had excess labor and thus lower (not higher as expected) value of time, and therefore allocated this labor to FFW schemes in which poorer households could not afford to participate due to labor scarcity. Similarly, FFW programs in

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findings of Beath, Christia, and Enikolopov further demonstrate that a successful community-driven development program increased support for the government in Afghanistan by exacerbating conflict in the short term, revealing an unintended consequence of the aid.

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Food aid is a type of aid whereby food that is given to countries in urgent need of food supplies, especially if they have just experienced a natural disaster. Food aid can be provided by importing food from the donor, buying food locally, or providing cash.

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Following the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, approximately 216 million individuals required humanitarian aid across 69 countries. Many efforts and reforms of humanitarian assistance were made following the pandemic to the Covid-19 pandemic.

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occurs when food aid arrives or is purchased at the wrong time, when food aid distribution is not well-targeted to food-insecure households, and when the local market is relatively poorly integrated with broader national, regional and global markets.

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without a recent history of civil conflict. Moreover, different types of international aid other than food which is easily stolen during its delivery, namely technical assistance and cash transfers, can have different effects on civil conflict.

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Internationally organized humanitarian aid efforts continued to be launched for the rest of the century, often with ever-greater logistical acumen and experience. In 1876, after a drought led to cascading crop failures across Northern China, a

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Reports of sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response have been reported following humanitarian interventions in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone in 2002, in Central African Republic and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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food, water, shelter, medical care, and protection services, and is delivered amidst challenging and often dangerous conditions, with the goal of reaching those most in need regardless of their location, political affiliation, or status.

225:(a locally distilled alcohol) fell significantly and consumption seems to have increased as a result. This was a result of grain food aid inflows increasing the availability of low-cost inputs to the informal distilling industry. 546:

they are net sellers or net buyers of food. Because the price they receive for their output is lower, however, net sellers are unambiguously worse off if they do not receive food aid or some other form of compensatory transfer.

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Clearly explain the processes during the targeting and registration stages, highlighting points such as the fact that people should not make payments to be included, photocopy and read aloud any lists prepared by leaders or

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exacerbate women's vulnerabilities. When delivering humanitarian aid, it is thus important for humanitarian actors, such as the United Nations, to include challenges specific to women in their humanitarian response. The

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The value of the stolen or lost provisions can exceed the value of the food aid alone since convoy vehicles and telecommunication equipment are also stolen. MSF Holland, international aid organization operating in

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The humanitarian community has initiated a number of interagency initiatives to improve accountability, quality and performance in humanitarian action. Four of the most widely known initiatives are, ALNAP, the

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induced millions of people in the West to donate money and to urge their governments to participate in the relief effort in Ethiopia. Some of the proceeds also went to the famine hit areas of Eritrea.

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Securing access to humanitarian aid in post-disasters, conflicts, and complex emergencies is a major concern for humanitarian actors. To win assent for interventions, aid agencies often espouse the

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that grant them immunity from attack by belligerent parties. However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and become more frequent since the 1990s and 2000s. In 2017, the

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The International Committee of the Red Cross exists to this day as the guardian of International Humanitarian Law and as one of the largest providers of humanitarian aid in the world.

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Recent research suggests that patterns of food aid distribution may inadvertently affect the natural environment, by changing consumption patterns and by inducing locational change in

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Intertwined with and informed efforts related to the profound destruction and disruption caused by World War I, including that of the Red Cross and Red Crescent organization, the

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supported 400 CDD programs in 94 countries, valued at US$ 30 billion. Academic research scrutinizes the effect of community-driven development programs on civil conflict. The

2022:. Easton, Matthew,, United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,, Collaborative for Development Action., CDA Collaborative Learning Projects. . 2016. 1020:, which has strict parameters allowing for the data to be compared across the globe over time, producing useful analysis for the humanitarian, policy and academic community. 299: 112: 346:

diaspora, businesses, local governments, military, local and international non-governmental organizations all play a crucial role in a timely delivery of humanitarian aid.

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2021 reporting on a Racial Equity Index report indicated that just under two-thirds of aid workers have experienced racism and 98% of survey respondents witnessed racism.

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Barrett, Christopher B.; Clay, Daniel C. (1 June 2003). "Self-Targeting Accuracy in the Presence of Imperfect Factor Markets: Evidence from Food-for-Work in Ethiopia".

1078:(CHS). Representatives of these initiatives began meeting together on a regular basis in 2003 in order to share common issues and harmonise activities where possible. 530:. In order to be granted the right to monetize, operational agencies must demonstrate that the recipient country has adequate storage facilities and that the monetized 5948: 3438: 3062: 773:

Establish and verify the effectiveness of complaints mechanisms, paying close attention to local power structures, security and cultural factors hindering complaints;

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introduced towards the famine's end. Privately, a famine relief fund was set up in the United Kingdom, raising £426,000 within its first few months of operation.

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A famous instance of humanitarian aid unintentionally helping rebel groups occurred during the Nigeria-Biafra civil war in the late 1960s, where the rebel leader

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to help humanitarian organizations make sense of the vast volume and velocity of information generated during disasters. For example, crowdsourcing maps (such as

5267: 4301: 37: 5943: 5704: 5699: 5395: 5093: 1339: 5719: 5337: 1711: 1418:, resulted in the creation of the Humanitarian Cluster System, designed to improve coordination between humanitarian agencies working on the same issues. 5548: 5007: 3627: 1518: 3740: 1128:(CHS). It was approved by the CHS Technical Advisory Group in 2014, and has since been endorsed by many humanitarian actors such as "the Boards of the 1024:

is another database that includes attacks on humanitarian workers in addition to other conflict-related incidents. Insecurity Insight produces monthly

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What have been the impacts of World Bank Community-Driven Development Programs? CDD impact evaluation review and operational and research implications

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during the food crises of the mid-1970s and mid-1980s were widely believed to stimulate a shift in consumer demand from indigenous coarse grains –

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are decidedly mixed, underscoring the reality that it is impossible to generate only positive intended effects from an international aid program.

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groups. There have been several incidents where aid convoys were hijacked and looted to the terrorist groups in control. Humanitarian actions in

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Measuring Historical Heat: Event, Performance, and Impact in China and the West. Symposium in Honour of Rudolf G. Wagner on His 60th Birthday

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broke out that lasted several years—during its course as many as 10 million people may have died from hunger and disease. British missionary

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which was produced by a coalition of leading non-governmental humanitarian agencies, lists the following principles of humanitarian action:

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and other activities. A pair of studies in Northern Kenya found that food aid distribution seems to induce greater spatial concentration of

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Barnett, Michael, and Weiss, Thomas. Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics. (New York: Cornell University Press, 2008), 101.

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have shown to be an additional, not alternative, source of employment and that the very poor rarely participate due to labor constraints.

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Thurow, Roger, and Scott Kilman. 2009. Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty. New York: PublicAffairs. (pp.206)

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The Central Emergency Response Fund was created at the 2005 Central Emergency Response Fund at the United Nations General Assembly.

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Forsythe, David. The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 17.

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Forsythe, David. The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 15.

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Stein, Eduardo; UNHCR; Refugees, IOM Joint Special Representative for; Venezuela, Migrants from; RMRP 2022, "Foreword" to the.

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provision of food, water, and medical supplies. His graphic account of the immense suffering he witnessed, written in his book

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government appropriation of food aid in the early 1990s was so problematic that aid shipments were canceled multiple times. In

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been using sex and age disaggregated data more and more, consulting with gender specialists. In the assessment phase, several

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Countries or war parties that prevent humanitarian relief are generally under unanimous criticism. Such was the case for the

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in the early 1990s indicate that between 20 and 80 percent of all food aid was stolen, looted, or confiscated. In the former

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population of Soviet Russia were intensive, deliberate, and effective. American efforts, led in large part future president

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Food aid that is relatively inappropriate to local uses can distort consumption patterns. Food aid is usually exported from

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Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph; Johnston, Patrick (June 2014). "Aid Under Fire: Development Projects and Civil Conflict".

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conflict even if successfully delivered to the intended population as the recipient populations often include members of

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lost up to 30 percent of the total value of aid to Serbian armed forces. On top of that 30 percent, bribes were given to

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degradation, and that food aid provided as whole grain requires more cooking, and thus more fuelwood, stimulating local

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being caused by the simple knowledge that international aid workers can leave a crisis zone, whilst nationals cannot.

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Hosein Karimi, Negin Masoudi Alavi. Florence Nightingale: The Mother of Nursing. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Jun;4(2).

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Hosein Karimi, Negin Masoudi Alavi. Florence Nightingale: The Mother of Nursing. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Jun;4(2)

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Humanitarian aid spans a wide range of activities, including providing food aid, shelter, education, healthcare or

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Academic research emphatically demonstrates that on average food aid promotes civil conflict. Namely, increase in

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the local socio-economic, cultural, historical, geographical and political conditions in the recipient countries.

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McPeak J.G. (2003a) Analyzing and assessing localized degradation of the commons. Land Economics, 78(4): 515-536.

1432: 562: 4449: 4365: 5799: 5774: 5421: 2677:

Enhancing Development Sustainability and Eliminating Food Aid Dependency: Lessons from the World Food Programme

1045: 1206: 620:

especially in countries where the ruling government has limited control outside of the capital. Accounts from

1606: 5893: 5189: 4851: 3748: 2319:"How sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and generational analyses can improve humanitarian response" 1508: 1058: 808:

regime, preventing relief to the population of Tigray in the 1980s, and the prevention of relief aid in the

377: 373: 369: 365: 339: 157: 108: 92: 3291: 2909:"Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1853 (2008) (S/2010/91)" 1173: 5990: 5873: 5431: 5100: 4893: 4866: 4048: 3830: 3082:"SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF REFUGEE CHILDREN IN LIBERIA, GUINEA AND SIERRA LEONE" 2997: 1523: 637: 550: 461: 65: 4348: 6000: 5878: 5841: 5769: 5646: 5416: 5225: 4987: 4918: 4913: 4765: 4690: 4224: 1759:"Global Public-Private Health Partnerships: lessons learned from ten years of experience and evaluation" 1503: 1212: 1195: 924: 433: 398: 330: 275: 4248:

Janku, Andrea (2001) "The North-China Famine of 1876–1879: Performance and Impact of a Non-Event." In:

2020:

Leaving no one behind : humanitarian effectiveness in the age of the sustainable development goals

3316: 3216: 194:

zones and is often different than the staple crops grown in recipient countries, which usually have a

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risk legal implications, potentially being construed as support for terrorism or criminal complicity.

136: 4323:

Stoddard, Abby; Harmer, Adele; Haver, Katherine; Salomons, Dirk; Wheeler, Victoria (November 2007).

3002: 2536: 557:

during the lean season can foster increased purchase of agricultural inputs such as improved seeds,

5888: 5533: 5219: 3039:

Winning hearts and minds through development ? evidence from a field experiment in Afghanistan

2108: 1189: 1136:". It comprises nine core standards, which are complemented by detailed guidelines and indicators. 534:

will not result in a substantial disincentive in either domestic agriculture or domestic marketing.

449: 359: 5739: 4626: 872: 306:. The need for aid is ever-increasing and has long outstripped the financial resources available. 5426: 5236: 5088: 5073: 5038: 5017: 4992: 4969: 4871: 4805: 4781: 3873: 3134: 2788: 2707: 2567: 2517: 2446: 2248: 2090: 2045: 1894: 1845: 1728: 1648: 1244: 682: 656: 119:(UN) is responsible for coordination responses to emergencies. It taps to the various members of 5963: 4671:"Protection work during armed conflict and other situations of violence: professional standards" 2431: 1633: 763:

have highlighted the need to tackle corruption with, but not limited to, the following methods:

380:. However, humanitarian diplomacy is also used by state actors as part of their foreign policy. 5953: 5804: 5666: 5611: 5380: 5132: 4997: 4977: 4908: 4830: 4551: 4532: 4513: 4494: 4413: 3988:

Joseph H. Choate. What Florence Nightingale Did for Mankind. Am J Nurs. 1911 Feb;11(5):346–57.

3954: 3621: 3575: 3126: 3015: 2941: 2888: 2884: 2855: 2719: 2715: 2638: 2594: 2559: 2509: 2458: 2454: 2346: 2338: 2303: 2299: 2278: 2171: 2070: 2033: 2023: 1886: 1837: 1796: 1778: 1713:

Fuelwood Gathering and Use in Northern Kenya: Implications for Food Aid and Local Environments

1681: 1660: 1656: 1271: 1239: 1002: 747: 667:

The most well-known instances of aid being seized by local warlords in recent years come from

629: 527: 440:

to trace leads of missing people, infrastructure damages and rise new alerts for emergencies.

417: 191: 46: 4392:"Localisation in the Context of UK Government Engagement With the Humanitarian Reform Agenda" 2318: 2298:

Aolain, Ni; D, Fionnuala (19 May 2010). "Women, Vulnerability and Humanitarian Emergencies".

1913: 1390:

describing "a biblical famine in the 20th Century" and "the closest thing to hell on Earth".

1313:. Retrospectively, authorities from across the administrative and colonial structures of the 1049:

An American soldier gives a young Pakistani girl a drink of water as they are airlifted from

6005: 5809: 5621: 5152: 5147: 5137: 5048: 4861: 4758: 4484: 4403: 3944: 3904: 3865: 3118: 3007: 2780: 2699: 2551: 2499: 2491: 2476: 2438: 2330: 2238: 2082: 1923: 1876: 1827: 1786: 1770: 1640: 1229: 469: 195: 77: 3893:"The Good Plumpuddings' Belief: British Voluntary Aid to Sweden During the Napoleonic Wars" 2737: 1437: 80:, wars, and famines. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate 68:

assistance, usually in the short-term, to people in need. Among the people in need are the

5846: 5651: 5626: 5616: 5184: 5142: 5083: 5068: 5043: 5022: 3223: 3066: 3034: 1740: 1318: 1290: 1200: 1105: 952: 913: 887: 570:

production, creating a distortion due to substitution effects, rather than income effects.

542: 437: 97: 31: 4265:

The great famine : [Report of the Committee of the China Famine Relief Fund]

420:

and new platforms powered by advanced computing have already prompted the development of

3853: 897:

Aid workers are people who are distributed internationally to do humanitarian aid work.

5938: 5918: 5779: 5661: 5641: 5446: 5122: 3421: 3060:

Need and greed: corruption risks, perceptions and prevention in humanitarian assistance

2587: 1791: 1765:. Live.Learn.Laugh. A Unique Global Public-Private Partnership to Improve Oral Health. 1758: 1352: 1343: 1133: 1087: 1071: 986: 813: 720:

have become one of the most popular tools for delivering development aid. In 2012, the

703: 457: 421: 116: 101: 4741: 3692: 5979: 5656: 5053: 4548:

Bureaucratizing the Good Samaritan: The Limitations of Humanitarian Relief Operations

4049:"The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement" 3877: 3333: 3138: 2877: 2711: 2521: 2226: 1898: 1849: 1774: 1493: 1387: 1335: 931:

The total number of humanitarian aid workers around the world has been calculated by

845: 425: 246: 85: 4510:

Managing Humanitarian Relief: An Operational Guide for NGOs. Rugby: Practical Action

4298:"In 1984 Eritrea was part of Ethiopia, where some of the song's proceeds were spent" 2792: 2450: 2252: 2094: 1652: 5968: 5913: 5903: 5826: 5636: 5512: 5214: 5078: 5058: 5002: 4903: 4878: 4840: 4835: 1945:"Humanitarian Medical Aid to Developing Nations: A Recipient Country's Perspective" 1864: 1185: 1067: 1050: 960: 868: 729: 699: 575: 503: 96:

recovery, rehabilitation, and capacity building. Humanitarian aid is distinct from

69: 4750: 4268:. Cornell University Library. Shanghai : American Presbyterian Mission Press. 3869: 3107:"Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Intervention Forces in Central African Republic" 1262: 1153: 686: 582:

as simple as determining the appropriate wage rate. Empirical evidence from rural

5164:{{Navbox |name = Humanitarian aid |state = collapsed |bodyclass = hlist |title = 4571: 3909: 3892: 3854:"Rationales of Humanitarianism: The Case of British Relief to Germany, 1805–1815" 3797:"The Sphere Project | New online course on the Core Humanitarian Standard | News" 3569: 2935: 2849: 2703: 2659: 2632: 2615: 2275:

Digital Humanitarians: How Big Data is Changing the Face of Humanitarian Response

1675: 5606: 5461: 4825: 4733: 3191: 1816:"Moral Entanglement and the Ethics of Closing Humanitarian Medical Aid Projects" 1450: 1415: 1347: 1314: 982: 951:(PTSD). Adjustment to normal life again can be a problem, with feelings such as 857: 725: 694: 515: 479: 453: 179: 17: 3666: 3504: 5674: 4810: 4432:"Humanitarian financing in the context of the Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic" 4263: 3571:

Necessary Risks: Professional Humanitarianism and Violence against Aid Workers

3192:"Almost two-thirds of aid workers have experienced racism, research indicates" 2243: 1832: 1815: 1456:

Attendees at the summit agreed a series of reforms on aid spending called the

1397: 1016:

The foremost collector of data on attacks against humanitarian workers is the

909: 883: 809: 721: 625: 558: 4417: 4408: 4391: 3474: 3166:"WHO employees took part in Congo sex abuse during Ebola crisis, report says" 3130: 3019: 2563: 2513: 2342: 2037: 1890: 1841: 1782: 5631: 5601: 5586: 1178: 1054: 538: 531: 242: 238: 81: 3011: 2784: 2350: 1800: 1184:

The most well-known origin story of formalized humanitarian aid is that of

733:

forces as a result of insurgent-initiated attacks increased significantly.

4489: 4002:

Elizabeth Fee, Mary E. Garofalo. Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War.

3949: 3235: 3122: 1309:

Simultaneously in India, another campaign was launched in response to the

689:

Party membership cards before being given government food aid. In eastern

5127: 5012: 4949: 4815: 4800: 3386:"House committee calls UNRWA chief to testify on alleged Hamas aid theft" 2442: 1928: 1881: 1644: 1446: 1393: 1306:, the equivalent of $ 7–10 million if valued at 2012 silver prices. 1298: 1294: 817: 678: 588: 583: 413: 290: 3334:"Creating Hope in Conflict: A Humanitarian Grand Challenge | Basic Page" 2535:

Bezuneh, Mesfin; Deaton, Brady J.; Norton, George W. (1 February 1988).

1140:

officials from the United Nations, the EU, various NGOs and institutes.

502:

Some of the unintended effects of food aid include labor and production

4954: 4939: 4820: 4481:

Humanitarianism in the Modern World: The Moral Economy of Famine Relief

3941:

Humanitarianism in the Modern World: The Moral Economy of Famine Relief

2736:

Berman, Eli; Felter, Joe; Shapiro, Jacob; Troland, Erin (26 May 2013).

2571: 2334: 1267: 879: 668: 633: 621: 549:

Finally, recipients may sell food aid to purchase other necessities or

429: 234: 222: 210: 73: 3641: 3142: 2504: 1445:

The first global summit on humanitarian diplomacy was held in 2016 in

5357: 4658: 4190: 3273:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Why it's hard getting aid into the region" 1028:

reports that highlight attacks during the month from news media, the

916: 891: 876: 861: 710: 674: 660: 649: 405:(OCHA) and informal volunteer and technological communities known as 206: 42: 4590: 4016:

Understanding Uncertainty. Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War.

3772:"Core Humanitarian Standard: do NGOs need another set of standards?" 3360:"Navigating humanitarian action in counter-terrorism settings | MSF" 3272: 2833:, vol. 104, no. 6, 2014, pp. 1630–1666., doi:10.1257/aer.104.6.1630. 2555: 1363: 156:

of OCHA, nearly 300 million people need humanitarian assistance and

3255:"U.S. aid chief to travel to Ethiopia in diplomatic push on Tigray" 2495: 2410:

Ralyea, B.; Food Aid Management Monetization Working Group (1999).

2086: 317: 5569: 5538: 5471: 4959: 4944: 4332: 3926:

Charity and the Great Hunger in Ireland: The Kindness of Strangers

2202: 1436: 1370: 1362: 1303: 1261: 1238: 1205: 1172: 1152: 1115: 1044: 932: 904: 867: 856: 690: 554: 329: 316: 274: 218: 214: 202: 141: 36: 4634: 4450:"Global Annual Results Report 2020: Humanitarian Action | UNICEF" 1943:

Jammihal, Ravindra; Ralte, Harry; Roy, Nobhojit (February 2009).

770:

Continue to invest in audit capacity, beyond simple paper trails;

5729: 5254: 4795: 4280:"How a Report on Ethiopia's 'Biblical Famine' Changed the World" 2829:

Nunn, Nathan, and Nancy Qian. "US Food Aid and Civil Conflict".

2806:

Qian, Nancy (18 August 2014). "Making Progress on Foreign Aid".

1092:

Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response,

805: 645: 50: 4754: 4614: 3292:"The impact of humanitarian aid on conflict development - ICRC" 2617:

Feeding dependency, starving democracy: USAID policies in Haiti

1297:

in the summer of 1876 and appealed to the foreign community in

4679:"The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine" 4629:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 20 September 2004. 1383: 1367: 1116: 947:

The most prevalent issue faced by humanitarian aid workers is

507: 492: 465: 1865:"The trouble with inequalities in global health partnerships" 537:

Second, households receiving aid may decrease demand for the

4714: 4698: 4579:"Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance" 3217:

Rule 55. Access for Humanitarian Relief to Civilians in Need

2631:

Lappé, Frances Moore; Collins, Joseph; Fowler, Cary (1979).

1449:, Turkey. An initiative of United Nations Secretary-General 1382:

caused upwards of 1 million deaths and was documented by a

1266:

A contemporary print showing the distribution of relief in

4673:. International Committee of the Red Cross. December 2009. 4627:"The Code of Conduct: humanitarian principles in practice" 4479:

Götz, Norbert; Brewis, Georgina; Werther, Steffen (2020).

3939:

Götz, Norbert; Brewis, Georgina; Werther, Steffen (2020).

3475:"Health – The university course giving aid to aid workers" 1543: 4602: 3539:

research suggests mental health crisis among aid workers"

2412:

P.L. 480 Title II Cooperating Sponsor Monetization Manual

2152: 1674:

Barrett, Christopher Brendan; Maxwell, Daniel G. (2005).

1607:"Global Humanitarian Overview 2024 | Humanitarian Action" 685:

documented examples of residents being forced to display

452:, gender differences exist. Women have limited access to 4578: 1126:

Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability

1112:

Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability

1076:

Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability

1022:

Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)

321:

Truck for delivery of aid from Western to Eastern Europe

4678: 4574:: 2,505 organizations active in the humanitarian sector 2851:

The Crisis Caravan: What's Wrong with Humanitarian Aid?

2317:

Mazurana, Dyan; Benelli, Prisca; Walker, Peter (2013).

1993:"United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)" 1338:

of the Russian Civil War that followed. In the nascent

178:

The welfare impacts of any food aid-induced changes in

91:

While often used interchangeably, humanitarian aid and

4646: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2614:

Richardson, Laurie; International, Grassroots (1997).

2153:"RMRP 2022 – FOR REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM VENEZUELA" 1293:

first called international attention to the famine in

788:

Sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response

4529:

The Humanitarian Enterprise: Dilemmas and Discoveries

4262:

China Famine Relief Fund. Shanghai Committee (1879).

3236:"Ethiopia : a country study | WorldCat.org" 2937:

Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda

2227:"Humanitarian Technology: A Critical Research Agenda" 3715:"HAP and People In Aid merge to become CHS Alliance" 3164:

Farge, Emma; Holland, Hereward (29 September 2021).

1101:

The distinction between combatant and non-combatants

111:. In reaching out to international communities, the 27:

Material or logistical assistance for people in need

5526: 5500: 5409: 5371: 5330: 5276: 5252: 5205: 5031: 4968: 4927: 4849: 4788: 3642:"About the data | The Aid Worker Security Database" 2386:"Humanitarian Response Plan | HumanitarianResponse" 403:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

300:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

113:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

5242:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission 2876: 2589:Against the grain: the dilemma of project food aid 2586: 1346:allowed his personal friend and acclaimed thinker 636:forces to pass their roadblocks in order to reach 3505:"Health – Aid workers lack psychological support" 334:World Food Programme distributing food in Liberia 161:climate-related disasters, and economic factors. 5949:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic 4738:"A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis" 2879:Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism 2277:. E-Book: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group. 2432:Food Aid's Intended and Unintended Consequences 2127:"Humanitarian Diplomacy: A New Research Agenda" 1634:Food Aid's Intended and Unintended Consequences 107:Humanitarian aid can come from either local or 4347:Rousseau, Elise; Sommo Pende, Achille (2020). 1677:Food Aid After Fifty Years: Recasting Its Role 241:around distribution points, causing localized 4766: 4647:"EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database" 4024: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3972: 3970: 2365:"The Gender Handbook for Humanitarian Action" 2189: 2187: 526:of food aid can flood the market, increasing 201:Massive shipments of wheat and rice into the 30:"Succour" redirects here. For the album, see 8: 5944:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks 4572:The Humanitarian Organisations Dataset (HOD) 4512:. Practical Action/Intermediate Technology. 3364:Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International 3317:"THE EUROPEAN CONSENSUS ON HUMANITARIAN AID" 2477:"Does Food Aid Stabilize Food Availability?" 2069:Henderson, J. Vernon; Lee, Yong Suk (2015). 1340:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 5560:|group4 = Analysis and reporting |list4 = 3105:Mwanyika, Elijah Mwasi (25 February 2021). 2854:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 96–104. 2176:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1757:Buse, Kent; Tanaka, Sonja (1 August 2011). 1752: 1750: 718:Community-driven development (CDD) programs 146:Humanitarian aid being distributed in Haiti 5549:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation 5327: 5202: 5008:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 4773: 4759: 4751: 2544:American Journal of Agricultural Economics 2050:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1814:Hunt, Matthew; Miao, Jingru (April 2017). 1519:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 1124:Another humanitarian standard used is the 514:Food aid can drive down local or national 4488: 4483:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4407: 3948: 3943:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3908: 3693:"Insecurity Insight » Aid in Danger" 3411:"State of the Humanitarian System report" 3338:U.S. Agency for International Development 3001: 2731: 2729: 2503: 2242: 2120: 2118: 1927: 1880: 1831: 1790: 767:Resist the pressure to spend aid rapidly. 4603:"CE-DAT: The Complex Emergency Database" 4195:International Committee of the Red Cross 2661:Politics of food aid: case of Bangladesh 2484:Economic Development and Cultural Change 2475:Barrett, Christopher B. (January 2001). 2430:Barrett, Christopher B. (1 March 2006). 2075:Economic Development and Cultural Change 1632:Barrett, Christopher B. (1 March 2006). 1226:International Committee of the Red Cross 741:Waste and corruption in humanitarian aid 659:only allowed aid to enter the region of 4591:"APCN (Africa Partner Country Network)" 4390:Goodwin, Ellen; Ager, Alastair (2021). 4252:. Heidelberg, 3–4 November, pp. 127–134 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 2634:Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity 2146: 2144: 2071:"Organization of Disaster Aid Delivery" 1535: 1396:, a 1985 fund-raising effort headed by 1199:, became a foundational text to modern 1130:Humanitarian Accountability Partnership 5924:|group11 = Related articles |list11 = 5680:|group6 = Donors and funding |list6 = 3626:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3619: 3485:from the original on 25 September 2015 3439:"The State of the Humanitarian System" 2843: 2841: 2839: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2169: 2043: 2008: 2006: 1919:Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology 1736: 1726: 1120:Logo of the Core Humanitarian Standard 755:and effective accountability systems. 217:. During the 2000 drought in northern 5859:|group9 = Aid worker safety |list9 = 5745:|group7 = Major emergencies |list7 = 4862:Charitable trust / Registered charity 4531:. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press. 3515:from the original on 26 December 2002 3296:International Review of the Red Cross 3111:African Journal of Empirical Research 3094:from the original on 8 November 2021. 2983: 2981: 2883:. Cornell University Press. pp. 2585:Jackson, Tony; Eade, Deborah (1982). 2470: 2468: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2231:International Review of the Red Cross 912:citizens offload food rations from a 864:humanitarian aid, ready for deploying 7: 5899:|group10 = Related fields |list10 = 5575:The State of the Humanitarian System 4899:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation 4884:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation 1601: 1599: 1465:Localisation (humanitarian practice) 1165:In 1854, when the Crimean War began 706:, or aid is "taxed" by such groups. 561:and hired labor, thereby increasing 498:Economic distortions due to food aid 125:United Nations Development Programme 100:, which seeks to address underlying 4691:"The ODI Humanitarian Policy Group" 4615:"Centre for Safety and Development" 3253:Psaledakis, Daphne (30 July 2021). 3037:; Enikolopov, Ruben (1 July 2012). 2848:Polman, Linda (14 September 2010). 1373:airdropping food during 1985 famine 1011:Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD) 464:, such as rape and domestic abuse. 5854:The State of the World's Cash 2020 5785:Central African Republic Civil War 5597:|group5 = Notable people |list5 = 4366:"Is the Grand Bargain a Big Deal?" 4218:"Pictures to Draw Tears from Iron" 3858:Journal of Modern European History 3770:Purvis, Katherine (11 June 2015). 3741:"Frequently Asked Questions – CHS" 3549:from the original on 28 April 2017 3420:. 2010. p. 18. Archived from 2764:Nunn, Nathan; Qian, Nancy (2014). 2225:Sandvik, Kristin (December 2014). 1966:Hendrik Slusarenka (20 May 2018). 1912:Khalikova, Venera (17 June 2021). 1584:from the original on 19 March 2018 1554:from the original on 19 March 2018 838:Humanitarian aid in conflict zones 831:Humanitarian aid in conflict zones 824:Humanitarian aid in conflict zones 25: 5735:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 5492:Koyamada International Foundation 5118:Master of Nonprofit Organizations 4304:from the original on 22 June 2011 2875:Barnett, Michael (3 March 2011). 2748:from the original on 23 May 2017. 2738:"Effective aid in conflict zones" 2679:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. 2537:"Food Aid Impacts in Rural Kenya" 1949:Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1820:Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1210:Cover of the original edition of 565:.Labor distortion can arise when 541:received or for locally produced 229:Natural resource overexploitation 49:during an emergency situation in 5962: 2766:"US Food Aid and Civil Conflict" 1972:D+C, development and cooperation 1775:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00034.x 973:This section is an excerpt from 829:This section is an excerpt from 55:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5864:Attacks on humanitarian workers 5306:Inter-Agency Standing Committee 4782:Charitable giving and practices 3290:Perrin, Pierre (30 June 1998). 2913:United Nations Security Council 975:Attacks on humanitarian workers 886:who successfully developed the 728:' flagship development program 617:International aid organizations 475:Inter-Agency Standing Committee 428:) and social media messages in 304:United Nations General Assembly 296:Central Emergency Response Fund 285:Central Emergency Response Fund 121:Inter-Agency Standing Committee 5879:Health Care In Danger Campaign 5790:Western African Ebola outbreak 5442:International Rescue Committee 5301:Humanitarian-Development Nexus 5195:International humanitarian law 5106:List of charitable foundations 4396:Frontiers in Political Science 3070:Overseas Development Institute 2940:. Kumarian Press. p. 90. 2692:Journal of Development Studies 2109:"Humanitarianism: An Overview" 1863:Fourie, Carina (15 May 2018). 1230:International Humanitarian Law 1098:The right to life with dignity 1007:international humanitarian law 949:post-traumatic stress disorder 921:11th Marine Expeditionary Unit 761:Overseas Development Institute 752:Non-governmental organizations 133:United Nations Children's Fund 1: 5832:Sexual exploitation and abuse 5263:History of the United Nations 4889:Non-governmental organization 4727:Critiques of humanitarian aid 4325:"Cluster Approach Evaluation" 3870:10.17104/1611-8944_2014_2_186 3823:"Statements of support – CHS" 3384:Rod, Marc (19 January 2024). 2390:www.humanitarianresponse.info 1968:"Aid in itself is not enough" 1132:(HAP), People in Aid and the 782:Abuse of power by aid workers 595:Increasing existing conflicts 129:United Nations Refugee Agency 5929:2015 European migrant crisis 5869:Aid Worker Security Database 5755:Great Indian Famine of 1870s 5592:Global Humanitarian Overview 3910:10.1080/07075332.2014.918559 3897:International History Review 3827:corehumanitarianstandard.org 3745:corehumanitarianstandard.org 3261:– via www.reuters.com. 2970:Susan, Wong (1 March 2012). 2704:10.1080/00220380412331333189 2658:Molla, Md Gyasuddin (1990). 1869:Medicine Anthropology Theory 1763:International Dental Journal 1710:McPeak, John G. (May 2003). 1414:A 2004 reform initiative by 1018:Aid Worker Security Database 820:was again widely condemned. 612:Increasing conflict duration 567:Food-For-Work (FFW) Programs 313:Delivery of humanitarian aid 186:Changed consumption patterns 153:Global Humanitarian Overview 5437:International Medical Corps 5311:Humanitarian Cluster System 5200:|group1 = History |list1 = 4550:. Boulder: Westview Press. 4364:Parker, Ben (24 May 2016). 4216:Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn. 3924:Kinealy, Christine (2013). 2620:. Grassroots International. 1514:Humanitarian Response Index 1410:Humanitarian Cluster System 1332:Russian famine of 1921–1922 1277:The Illustrated London News 958:A 2015 survey conducted by 444:Gender and humanitarian aid 213:– to western crops such as 6027: 5934:Detention Centres in Libya 5837:Core Humanitarian Standard 5544:Network for Refugee Voices 5518:Global Refugee-Led Network 5059:Charity / thrift / op shop 4935:Charity (Christian virtue) 2808:Annual Review of Economics 2195:"UNHCR Global Report 2020" 2125:Lauri, Antonio De (2018). 1574:"Deliver Humanitarian Aid" 1462: 1430: 1407: 1380:1983–85 famine in Ethiopia 972: 828: 785: 490: 460:, and are more exposed to 393:Use of technology and data 357: 282: 29: 5909:International development 5884:Kunduz hospital airstrike 5467:Norwegian Refugee Council 5286:World Humanitarian Summit 4983:Animal Charity Evaluators 3222:15 September 2021 at the 2437:(Report). Rochester, NY. 2244:10.1017/S1816383114000344 1833:10.1017/S1049023X17001376 1639:(Report). Rochester, NY. 1433:World Humanitarian Summit 1427:World Humanitarian Summit 630:UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) 563:agricultural productivity 109:international communities 5800:South Sudanese Civil War 5775:2011 East Africa drought 5457:Médecins Sans Frontières 5422:Catholic Relief Services 4409:10.3389/fpos.2021.687063 3041:(Report). pp. 1–33. 2990:American Economic Review 2974:(Report). pp. 1–93. 2831:American Economic Review 2773:American Economic Review 2675:Salisbury, L.N. (1992). 999:Red Cross / Red Crescent 518:in at least three ways. 384:United Nations' response 253:Medical humanitarian aid 5996:Government aid programs 5894:Dolo hospital airstrike 5750:Chinese Famine of 1870s 5324:organizations |list3 = 5268:1951 Refugee Convention 5190:Humanitarian principles 4436:Development initiatives 3568:Stoddard, Abby (2020). 2273:Meier, Patrick (2015). 1611:humanitarianaction.info 1509:Humanitarian protection 1311:Great Famine of 1876–78 1190:the Battle of Solferino 1059:2005 Kashmir earthquake 383: 378:humanitarian principles 93:humanitarian assistance 45:worker is distributing 5874:World Humanitarian Day 5822:power, abuse |list8 = 5760:Ethiopian famine 1980s 5432:Danish Refugee Council 5410:International agencies 5322:|group3 = Humanitarian 5101:Ethics of philanthropy 5094:Psychological barriers 4894:Nonprofit organization 4663:thenewhumanitarian.org 4659:"The New Humanitarian" 4635:"Doctors of the World" 4527:Minear, Larry (2002). 4350:Humanitarian diplomacy 3891:Götz, Norbert (2014). 3852:Götz, Norbert (2014). 3574:. Palgrave Macmillan. 3448:. 2010. Archived from 3012:10.1257/aer.104.6.1833 2785:10.1257/aer.104.6.1630 2664:. Academic Publishers. 1524:World Humanitarian Day 1442: 1378:around the world. The 1374: 1281: 1247: 1217: 1181: 1158: 1121: 1062: 1001:are among the list of 928: 894: 865: 335: 322: 298:). The United Nations 280: 147: 58: 5842:Sphere (organization) 5770:2010 Haiti earthquake 5647:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe 5417:Action Against Hunger 5391:The Federation (IFRC) 5226:A Memory of Solferino 4919:Voluntary association 4914:Religious corporation 4546:Waters, Tony (2001). 4490:10.1017/9781108655903 4353:. Palgrave Macmillan. 3950:10.1017/9781108655903 3928:. London: Bloomsbury. 3646:aidworkersecurity.org 3196:www.thirdsector.co.uk 3123:10.51867/ajer.v2i1.14 2054:) CS1 maint: others ( 1504:Humanitarian corridor 1440: 1366: 1265: 1242: 1221:A Memory of Solferino 1213:A Memory of Solferino 1209: 1196:A Memory of Solferino 1176: 1156: 1119: 1048: 925:Tropical Cyclone Sidr 908: 871: 860: 462:Gender based violence 434:2010 Haiti Earthquake 432:were used during the 407:digital humanitarians 399:2010 Haiti Earthquake 333: 320: 278: 145: 40: 6011:Emergency management 5820:|group8 = Standards, 5582:The New Humanitarian 5064:Click-to-donate site 4928:Charity and religion 4508:James, Eric (2008). 4370:The New Humanitarian 3427:on 14 December 2010. 3190:Delahunty, Stephen. 3065:26 June 2015 at the 3058:Sarah Bailey (2008) 2934:Uvin, Peter (1998). 2637:. Ballantine Books. 2443:10.2139/ssrn.1142286 1929:10.29164/21medplural 1882:10.17157/mat.5.2.525 1680:. Psychology Press. 1645:10.2139/ssrn.1142286 1499:Emergency management 1167:Florence Nightingale 939:Psychological issues 812:of 2020–2021 by the 576:disincentive effects 493:Aid § Criticism 137:World Food Programme 5889:Airstrikes on Yemen 5220:Battle of Solferino 4736:; Myers, Joanne J. 4639:medecinsdumonde.org 4619:centreforsafety.org 3608:on 10 November 2013 3215:ICRC IHL dababase: 3145:on 19 November 2021 1914:"Medical pluralism" 1580:. 7 December 2014. 487:Problematic aspects 450:humanitarian crisis 412:The recent rise in 360:Humanitarian access 354:Humanitarian access 326:Methods of delivery 5401:Protective Emblems 5396:National Societies 5373:Red Cross Movement 5237:Geneva Conventions 5232:Red Cross Movement 5206:1850s, Creation of 5089:Effective altruism 5074:Donor-advised fund 5039:Alternative giving 5018:Giving What We Can 4993:Charity assessment 4970:Charity evaluation 4806:Charity (practice) 4701:on 8 February 2006 4286:. 23 October 2014. 3695:. 15 December 2018 3455:on 2 February 2021 3340:. 10 December 2022 2335:10.1111/disa.12013 1443: 1375: 1326:Early 20th century 1282: 1248: 1245:Geneva Conventions 1218: 1182: 1159: 1122: 1063: 929: 895: 866: 683:Human Rights Watch 416:, high-resolution 336: 323: 281: 203:West African Sahel 148: 59: 5954:Aid effectiveness 5805:Rohingya genocide 5671:[[Warren Buffett} 5667:Michael Bloomberg 5612:Christos Christou 5557: 5556: 5482:Save the Children 5452:Médecins du Monde 5381:Seville Agreement 5319: 5318: 5178:in conflict zones 5161: 5160: 5133:Visiting the sick 4998:Charity Navigator 4978:Aid effectiveness 4909:Social enterprise 4831:Humanity (virtue) 4744:on 30 March 2007. 4557:978-0-813-36790-3 4519:978-1-853-39669-4 4500:978-1-108-65590-3 3960:978-1-108-65590-3 3801:sphereproject.org 3581:978-3-030-26410-9 2284:978-1-4987-2652-8 1769:(Suppl 2): 2–10. 1613:. 8 December 2023 1470:COVID-19 Pandemic 1272:Madras Presidency 1258:Late 19th century 1104:The principle of 1003:protected persons 800:Contrary practice 748:Hurricane Katrina 693:, leaders of the 470:natural disasters 456:, are at risk of 418:satellite imagery 289:Aid is funded by 192:temperate climate 150:According to the 135:(UNICEF) and the 78:natural disasters 76:, and victims of 47:high-calorie food 16:(Redirected from 6018: 5986:Humanitarian aid 5969:World portal 5967: 5966: 5815:Yemeni Civil War 5810:Syrian civil war 5622:Martin Griffiths 5328: 5203: 5173:Humanitarian aid 5166:Humanitarian aid 5153:Warm-glow giving 5148:Wall of kindness 5138:Voluntary sector 4775: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4745: 4740:. 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4476: 4472: 4456:. 1 June 2021 4455: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4386: 4383: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4357: 4352: 4351: 4343: 4340: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4319: 4316: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4209: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4176: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4146: 4143: 4136: 4133: 4126: 4123: 4116: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4097: 4094: 4087: 4084: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3917: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3845: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3803:. 19 May 2016 3802: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3777: 3773: 3766: 3763: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3668: 3667:"Methodology" 3662: 3659: 3647: 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