303:
29:
237:
426:
In 1931 the
Hungarian Grey Cattle Breeders' Association was established and encouraged the keeping and breeding of the cattle. World War II disrupted the efforts. There were only 160 cows and 6 bulls on three farms in the early 1960s. Around that time a patriotic interest in preserving local breeds
490:
and eyes ringed with black. The skin is pigmented and grey. As in other
Podolic breeds, the calves are born reddish and become grey at about six months old. The horns are long and curved and are directed upwards in a lyre shape; they may be some
434:
efforts made by the
Hungarian government. Government subsidies are available to breeders of the cattle. In 2003 the Hungarian Grey supplied approximately 12% of the locally-produced beef consumed in Hungary. It is distributed mainly in the
399:. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, tens of thousands of cattle were exported in this way each year, and in the seventeenth century the number may have exceeded 100,000 per year. The trade was gravely disrupted by the
585:
894:
336:
peoples; that it was brought from the south by refugees from the
Balkans; or that it came from the Italian peninsula, acquired either by raiding in the tenth century, or by trade during the period of
328:
and settled there; this theory is not consistent with the archaeological record. It has also been suggested at various times that it was introduced in some later migration, possibly by
1092:
Magyar szĂŒrke szarvasmarha: FolyĂłiratcikkek Ă©s szakkönyvek ajĂĄnlĂł bibliogrĂĄfiĂĄja a Magyar MezĆgazdasĂĄgi
BibliogrĂĄfia alapjĂĄnaz OrszĂĄgos MezĆgazdasĂĄgi KönyvtĂĄr ĂĄllomĂĄnyĂĄbĂłl
992:
1125:
431:
614:
324:
The origins of the
Hungarian Grey are unknown. It was formerly accepted that it had arrived in the ninth century with the Magyars who came from the east,
325:
867:
511:
419:
In the eighteenth century changing market conditions led to a substantial decline in this trade, and the cattle came to be used principally as
1039:
959:
647:
375:
for hundreds of kilometres westward to the markets of cities in western Europe to be slaughtered for beef. The principal destination was
337:
995:(in Italian). Bra, Cuneo: Fondazione Slow Food per la BiodiversitĂ Onlus/Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity. Archived 25 June 2024.
617:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2022.
1100:
The Issue of the appearance and development of the
Hungarian Grey Cattle in the Carpathian Basin based on archeozoological artifacts
1085:
1071:
1022:
975:
881:
816:
702:
670:
599:
403:, and for some time was also limited by a monopoly granted by the Imperial court to the Landverleger-Compagnia of Vienna in 1622.
650:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2014.
430:
By 1975 there were only 300 cows left in two herds, but numbers have since increased. The rebound in numbers is partially due to
924:
Economical and
Ecological Importance of Indigenous Livestock and the Application of Assisted Reproduction to Their Preservation
1080:(in Hungarian). Debrecen: HortobĂĄgyi TermĂ©szetvĂ©delmi Ă©s GĂ©nmegĆrzĆ Kht.; Magyar SzĂŒrke SzarvasmarhĂĄt TenyĂ©sztĆk EgyesĂŒlete.
839:
Marleen Felius, Marie-Louise
Beerling, David S. Buchanan, Bert Theunissen, Peter A. Koolmees and Johannes A. Lenstra (2014).
627:
970:. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
964:. Budapest: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007).
697:. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
594:. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
566:
372:
302:
730:
542:
241:
400:
1042:. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. Archived 15 October 2007.
965:
692:
589:
1120:
923:
486:
The coat colour ranges from silvery-white to ash-grey; males are usually darker than cows, with a black
275:
28:
1130:
1098:
895:
Genetic position of
Hungarian Grey among European cattle and identification of breed-specific markers
871:
535:
448:
306:
116:
34:
790:
771:
436:
353:
310:
557:, due to their reported resistance to cattle diseases which affect more highly bred cattle types.
1094:(bibliography, in Hungarian). Budapest: OrszĂĄgos MezĆgazdasĂĄgi KönyvtĂĄr Ă©s DokumentĂĄciĂłs Központ.
261:
526:. It is slow to develop, but the meat is low in fat and is suitable for the manufacture of beef
1081:
1067:
1018:
971:
877:
820:
812:
698:
666:
595:
368:
287:
935:
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851:
286:
and is characterised by long lyre-shaped horns and a pale grey coat. It is well adapted to
1012:
660:
499:
283:
39:
893:
A. Zsolnai, Ă. MarĂłti-AgĂłts, A. KovĂĄcs, A.V. BĂąlteanu, E. Kaltenecker, I. Anton (2020).
315:
514:
marker haplotypes. It does not otherwise show any marked similarity to zebuine cattle.
444:
440:
349:
111:
106:
939:
754:
459:
Hungarian Grey cattle are robust, slender and tall. They have high muscle content and
294:. In the twentieth century it came close to extinction, but numbers have since risen.
236:
1114:
546:
1011:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
873:
Interspecies Interactions: Animals and Humans between the Middle Ages and Modernity
531:
503:
460:
249:
410:
in a document of 1526. Another sixteenth-century document refers specifically to
550:
388:
364:
360:
data, but the possibility remains of some aurochs influence in Mediaeval times.
357:
279:
290:
pasture systems and was formerly raised in very large numbers in the Hungarian
910:
392:
340:
in the fourteenth century. Another theory, that it descends directly from the
586:
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
868:
Hungarian Grey Cattle: Parallels in Constituting Animal and Human Identities
840:
554:
967:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
824:
807:
AnikĂł Gergely, Ruprecht Stempell, Christoph BĂŒschel, Mo Croasdale (2008).
694:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
591:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
407:
380:
333:
329:
487:
468:
384:
341:
367:
until the eighteenth century great numbers of grey cattle were raised
961:
First Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources: Republic of Hungary
855:
527:
507:
396:
376:
291:
245:
217:
64:
1078:
Magyar szĂŒrke tenyĂ©sztĂ©se, tejtermelĂ©se Ă©s keresztezĂ©se HosszĂșhĂĄton
729:
Imre BodĂł, IstvĂĄn Gera, GĂĄbor KoppĂĄny, trans. BĂ©la Borsos (2004).
301:
235:
523:
1059:(in Hungarian). Debrecen: HortobĂĄgyi Nemzeti Park IgazgatĂłsĂĄg.
789:(in German). Braunschweig: . Cited in: Charles Darwin (1868).
735:. Budapest: Magyar SzĂŒrke SzarvasmarhĂĄt TenyĂ©sztĂŽk EgyesĂŒlete.
57:
541:
Herds of the cattle function as a tourist attraction in the
1014:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
420:
371:
on the plains of Hungary. Many were driven on the hoof by
922:
L. Solti, E.G. Crichton, N.M. Loskutoff, S.Cseh (2000).
792:
The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
773:
The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
755:
The Hungarian Grey cattle: a traditional European breed
691:
Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007).
584:
Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007).
870:. In: Sarah Cockram, Andrew Wells (editors) (2017).
309:herdsmen with Hungarian Grey cattle, lithograph by
204:
196:
188:
163:
138:
133:
125:
99:
91:
74:
49:
628:"Hungarian grey cattle (Hungarian Steppe cattle)."
615:Breed data sheet: Magyar SzĂŒrke / Hungary (Cattle)
1103:(doctoral thesis). Szeged: University of Szeged.
787:Ăber Art und Raçe des zahmen europĂ€ischen Rindes
200:shades of grey, from silvery white to ash grey
993:Razza bovina grigia ungherese: Arca del Gusto
8:
423:, a purpose to which they were well suited.
21:
411:
1090:Kårolyi Zsuzsanna, Székely Såndor (2010).
841:On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources
835:
833:
553:in western Hungary. These herds serve as
549:. Some may be found elsewhere, such as in
208:long slender horns, round in cross-section
27:
20:
530:and beef sausages. It is included in the
502:some genetic characteristics relating to
954:
952:
803:
801:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
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711:
1062:Bellon Tibor, KĂștvölgyi MihĂĄly (2001).
1035:
1033:
1031:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
988:
986:
984:
648:Breed data sheet: Magyar SzĂŒrke/Hungary
577:
610:
608:
512:amplified fragment length polymorphism
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
7:
1126:Cattle breeds originating in Hungary
1017:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
759:Animal Genetic Resources Information
665:. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset.
416:or 'long-horned Hungarian cattle'.
406:Hungarian cattle are documented at
876:. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge
811:. Potsdam, Germany: H.F. Ullmann.
14:
1040:Breed description: Hungarian Grey
522:The Hungarian Grey is reared for
413:magnus cornuotes boves Hungaricos
1066:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Timp.
958:MihĂĄly PĂĄsztor (editor) (2003).
795:, volume I. London: John Murray.
776:, volume I. London: John Murray.
356:; it is not consistent with the
192:slate-coloured, dark grey mucosa
732:The Hungarian Grey Cattle Breed
498:The Hungarian Grey shares with
662:Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia
129:dual-purpose, draught and beef
1:
940:10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00248-4
282:. It belongs to the group of
1097:Andrea Måria Kırösi (2014).
866:LĂĄszlĂł Bartosiewicz (2017).
753:LĂĄszlĂł Bartosiewicz (1997).
978:. Archived 10 January 2017.
705:. Archived 10 January 2017.
567:National symbols of Hungary
1147:
1057:Magyar szĂŒrke szarvasmarha
911:10.1017/S1751731120000634
785:Ludwig RĂŒtimeyer (1866).
326:took the Carpathian Basin
265:
212:
26:
16:Hungarian breed of cattle
626:Zootierliste (undated):
602:. Archived 23 June 2020.
225:Bos (primigenius) taurus
944:(subscription required)
770:Charles Darwin (1868).
659:Marleen Felius (1995).
543:HortobĂĄgy National Park
242:HortobĂĄgy National Park
81:Hungarian Steppe Cattle
412:
352:, writing in 1868, to
321:
253:
534:of the international
379:, but others reached
305:
272:Hungarian Grey Steppe
270:), also known as the
239:
1076:Borics Imre (2006).
1064:A magyar szĂŒrkemarha
545:and other Hungarian
536:Slow Food Foundation
463:. Bulls stand about
348:, was attributed by
67:(2022): not at risk
60:(2007): not at risk
50:Conservation status
23:
1055:BodĂł Imre (1994).
322:
254:
252:in eastern Hungary
44:in western Hungary
809:Culinaria Hungary
471:, and weigh some
401:Ottoman invasions
274:, is a Hungarian
234:
233:
92:Country of origin
1138:
1043:
1037:
1026:
1009:
996:
990:
979:
956:
947:
945:
920:
914:
905:(9): 1786â1792.
891:
885:
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858:
856:10.3390/d6040705
837:
828:
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783:
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432:cryoconservation
415:
354:Ludwig RĂŒtimeyer
319:
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61:
43:
31:
24:
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1145:
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1049:Further reading
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579:
575:
563:
520:
500:indicine cattle
492:
480:
476:
475:; cows average
472:
464:
457:
455:Characteristics
421:draught animals
346:Bos primigenius
313:
300:
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159:
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997:
980:
948:
928:Theriogenology
915:
886:
859:
850:(4): 705â750.
829:
797:
778:
763:
737:
707:
675:
652:
631:
619:
604:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
562:
559:
547:national parks
519:
516:
479:in height and
456:
453:
350:Charles Darwin
299:
296:
284:Podolic cattle
258:Hungarian Grey
232:
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35:MekszikĂłpuszta
32:
22:Hungarian Grey
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1143:
1132:
1129:
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1121:Cattle breeds
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1086:9789630609937
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1072:9789630077613
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1023:9781780647944
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976:9789251057629
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934:(1): 149â62.
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882:9781351612630
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817:9783833149962
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703:9789251057629
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671:9789054390176
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600:9789251057629
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509:
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504:milk proteins
501:
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311:Sterio KĂĄroly
308:
304:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
267:Magyar SzĂŒrke
263:
259:
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84:Magyar SzĂŒrke
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847:
844:
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791:
786:
781:
772:
766:
761:(21): 49â60.
758:
731:
693:
661:
655:
622:
590:
580:
540:
532:Ark of Taste
521:
497:
485:
461:marbled meat
458:
429:
425:
418:
405:
362:
345:
338:Angevin rule
323:
271:
266:
257:
255:
223:
100:Distribution
18:
1131:Grey cattle
588:, annex to
495:in length.
493:70 to 80 cm
483:in weight.
445:HajdĂș-Bihar
441:BĂĄcs-Kiskun
369:extensively
365:Middle Ages
358:osteometric
320:(1821â1862)
314: [
280:beef cattle
205:Horn status
189:Skin colour
112:HajdĂș-Bihar
107:BĂĄcs-Kiskun
75:Other names
38: [
1115:Categories
573:References
555:gene banks
506:including
393:Strasbourg
845:Diversity
825:566879902
510:, and to
427:emerged.
363:From the
288:extensive
262:Hungarian
250:HortobĂĄgy
244:, in the
561:See also
551:Bocfölde
449:Veszprém
437:counties
408:Augsburg
389:NĂŒrnberg
381:Augsburg
334:Pecheneg
330:Cumanian
177:Female:
152:Female:
117:Veszprém
488:scrotum
469:withers
467:at the
385:Auspitz
342:aurochs
298:History
95:Hungary
33:In the
1084:
1070:
1021:
974:
899:Animal
880:
823:
815:
701:
669:
598:
528:salami
508:casein
481:525 kg
477:135 cm
473:800 kg
465:150 cm
397:Venice
377:Vienna
373:hajduk
307:GulyĂĄs
292:puszta
246:Puszta
218:Cattle
179:136 cm
172:150 cm
170:Male:
164:Height
154:525 kg
147:800 kg
145:Male:
139:Weight
134:Traits
65:DAD-IS
318:]
276:breed
42:]
1082:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1019:ISBN
972:ISBN
878:ISBN
821:OCLC
813:ISBN
699:ISBN
667:ISBN
596:ISBN
524:beef
447:and
395:and
256:The
197:Coat
936:doi
907:doi
852:doi
538:.
518:Use
439:of
332:or
278:of
248:of
240:In
126:Use
58:FAO
1117::
1030:^
1000:^
983:^
951:^
942:.
932:53
930:.
926:.
903:14
901:.
897:.
843:.
832:^
819:.
800:^
757:.
740:^
710:^
678:^
634:^
607:^
451:.
443:,
391:,
387:,
383:,
344:,
316:hu
264::
40:hu
1025:.
946:.
938::
913:.
909::
884:.
854::
848:6
827:.
673:.
260:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
