48:
2625:, having common frontiers with the Chazars and the so-called Uzes. But fifty years ago the so-called Uzes made common cause with the Chazars and joined battle with the Pechenegs and prevailed over them and expelled them from their country, which the so-called Uzes have occupied till this day. At the time when the Pechenegs were expelled from their country, some of them of their own will and personal decision stayed behind there and united with the so-called Uzes, and even to this day they live among them, and wear such distinguishing marks as separate them off and betray their origin and how it came about that they were split off from their own folk: for their tunics are short, reaching to the knee, and their sleeves are cut off at the shoulder, whereby, you see, they indicate that they have been cut off from their own folk and those of their race.
5566:
5250:
2944:
300:
156:
2483:
2653:
2610:—a late 10th-century Persian geography—distinguished two Pecheneg groups, referring to those who lived along the Donets as "Turkic Pechenegs", and to those along the Kuban as "Khazarian Pechenegs". Spinei proposes that the latter denomination most probably refers to Pecheneg groups accepting Khazar suzerainty, implies that some Pecheneg tribes had been forced to acknowledge the Khazars supremacy.
2771:
5190:
2351:
2332:
the eighth, Tzopon. At the time at which the
Pechenegs were expelled from their country, their princes were, in the province of Irtim, Baïtzas; in Tzour, Kouel; in Gyla, Kourkoutai; in Koulpeï, Ipaos; in Charaboï, Kaïdoum; in the province of Talmat, Kostas; in Chopon, Giazis; in the province of Tzopon, Batas.
1799:
idioms. He suggested that foreign influences on the
Pechenegs gave rise to phonetical differences between their tongue and the idiom spoken by other Turkic peoples. Anna Komnene likewise stated that the Pechenegs and the Cumans shared a common language. Although the Pecheneg language itself died out
2331:
The whole of
Patzinakia is divided into eight provinces with the same number of great princes. The provinces are these: the name of the first province is Irtim; of the second, Tzour; of the third, Gyla; of the fourth, Koulpeï; of the fifth, Charaboï; of the sixth, Talmat; of the seventh, Chopon; of
2506:, forcing them to launch a westward migration towards the Pechenegs' lands. The Uighur envoy's report testifies that the Oghuz and Pecheneg waged war against each other already in the 8th century, most probably for the control of the trade routes. The Oghuz made an alliance with the Karluks and
2571:, and sold their captives. The Khazars made an alliance with the Ouzes against the Pechenegs and attacked them from two directions. Outnumbered by the enemy, the Pechenegs were forced into a new westward migration. They marched across the Khazar Khaganate, invaded the dwelling places of the
2643:
However, it is uncertain whether this group's formation is connected to the
Pechenegs' first or second migration (as it is proposed by Pritsak and Golden, respectively). According to Mahmud al-Kashgari, one of the Üçok clans of the Oghuz Turks was still formed by Pechenegs in the 1060s.
2767:). The Pecheneg wars against Kievan Rus' caused the Slavs from Walachian territories to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. Rus'/Pecheneg temporary military alliances also occurred however, as during the Byzantine campaign in 943 led by Igor.
1827:, reflecting the bipartite left-right Turkic organization. These eight tribes were in turn divided into 40 sub-tribes, probably clans. Constantine VII also records the names of eight former tribal leaders who had been leading the Pechenegs when they were expelled by the
3236:
came about through the work of an early 11th-century Muslim prisoner who was captured by the
Byzantines. The Muslim prisoner was brought into the Besenyő territory of the Pechenegs, where he taught and converted individuals to Islam. In the late 12th century,
1264:
2413:
is "uncertain". He proposes that an 8th-century Uighur envoy's report, which survives in
Tibetan translation, contains the first certain reference to the Pechenegs. The report recorded an armed conflict between the
1601:, the Kangars received this denomination because "they are more valiant and noble than the rest" of the people "and that is what the title Kangar signifies". Because no Turkic word with a similar meaning is known,
47:
2750:. Although an important factor in the region at the time, like most nomadic tribes their concept of statecraft failed to go beyond random attacks on neighbours and spells as mercenaries for other powers.
1257:
1800:
centuries ago, the names of the
Pecheneg "provinces" recorded by Constantine Porphyrogenitus prove that the Pechenegs spoke a Turkic language. The Pechenegs are thought to have belonged to the
2587:. There is no consensual date for this second migration of the Pechenegs: Pritsak argues that it took place around 830, but Kristó suggests that it could hardly occur before the 850s.
1250:
3213:, but names of Pecheneg origin continue to be reported in official documents. The title of "Comes Bissenorum" (Count of the Pechenegs) lasted for at least another 200 years.
2533:
and other Muslim scholars who based their works on 9th-century sources, the
Pechenegs' new territory was quite large, with a 30-day-walk extension, and were bordered by the
8177:
6572:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
2757:. For more than two centuries they had launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (like the 920 war on the Pechenegs by
2549:
4704:
ATLAS NATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ISSN 2602-4128 TWO FRIEND PEOPLE IN THE NORTH OF THE BLACK SEA: ON THE RELATIONS OF THE PECHENEKS AND THE KUMAN-KIPCHAKS
6156:
3597:
299:
2683:
steppe people, eventually expelled the
Pechenegs from their homeland; in the process, they also seized most of their livestock and other goods. An alliance of
6541:
3776:
The chronicler explains the town's name, derived from the Slavic word for "retake", by the fact that
Vladimir "retook" the military glory from the Pechenegs.
3442:
2567:
The same sources also narrate that the Pechenegs made regular raids against their neighbors, in particular against the Khazars and the latter's vassals, the
2880:"of the Moglena Pechenegs". Attacked again in 1094 by the Cumans, many Pechenegs were slain or absorbed. The Byzantines defeated the Pechenegs again at the
3928:, ed. C. Hriban, Florilegium magistrorum historiae archaeologicaeque Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi, IX (Bucharest-Brăla, 2011):17-63 / ISBN 978-973-27-2152-0
5523:
7858:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1678:
If the latter assumption is valid, the Kangars' ethnonym suggests that (East) Iranian elements contributed to the formation of the Pecheneg people but
8172:
8167:
4715:
T.R. FIRAT UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE RELATIONS OF PEÇENEK AND KIPÇAKS WITH THE BYZANTINE STATE MASTER'S THESIS
6606:
3196:
2943:
8182:
8137:
6574:
5238:
3925:
8187:
7891:
2304:
and the middle course of the Syr Darya, along the important trade routes connecting Central Asia with Eastern Europe, and associates them with
3245:
founded by Pechenegs. After war with Byzantium, the remnants of the tribes found refuge in the area, where they established their settlement.
155:
5101:
5063:
5031:
4961:
4942:
4881:
8142:
3241:
referred to Hungarian Pechenegs – probably Muslims – living disguised as Christians. In the southeast of Serbia, there is a village called
4891:(Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation b Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) (1967). Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
4111:
4091:
1791:, an 11th-century man of letters who specialized in Turkic dialects argued that the language spoken by the Pechenegs was a variant of the
2897:
8162:
6264:
4563:
8147:
5164:
5082:
5012:
4980:
4919:
4896:
4593:
4524:
3977:
3921:
2718:
employed the Pechenegs to help fend off the Magyars. The Pechenegs were so successful that they drove out the Magyars remaining in
5075:
The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century (Translated by Dana Badulescu)
3210:
2993:
941:
8192:
6885:
5865:
2790:, in his Byzantine campaign of 970–971, though eventually they ambushed and killed the Kievan prince in 972. According to the
1694:, as is known, descended from the Pecheneg tribe." On the basis of their fragmentary linguistic remains, scholars view them as
1598:
2510:
and defeated the Pechenegs and their allies in a battle near the Lake Aral before 850, according to the 10th-century scholar,
269:
244:
6317:
5147:
3764:
6151:
5056:
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History (Translated by Nicholas Bodoczky)
4714:
2598:. It is plausible that the distinction between the "Turkic Pechenegs" and "Khazar Pechenegs" mentioned in the 10th-century
6536:
5565:
4499:
3763:
describes the Pechenegs as the long-standing allies of the Rus', whom they invariably accompanied during the 10th century
4536:
2617:
mention that those who decided not to leave their homeland were incorporated into the Oghuz federation of Turkic tribes.
1671:
regarding a people that "are of the race of al-Lān and that of al-Ās and their language is a mixture of the languages of
1561:
1522:
1344:, and for more than two centuries launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars.
7420:
6599:
6199:
2787:
5231:
5216:
5126:
Pechenegs, Torks and Cumans before the invasion of the Tatars. History of the South Russian steppes 9th-13th centuries
2630:
2613:
In addition to these two branches, a third group of Pechenegs existed in this period: Constantine Porphyrogenitus and
1719:
1715:
4103:
1682:
concedes that Pechenegs were of "a predominantly Turkic character... beyond any doubt". This may be mirrored in the
7486:
6085:
3290:
2912:
1840:
1703:
3968:
2548:
8152:
3706:
3205:
The Pechenegs as a group were last mentioned in 1168 as members of Turkic tribes known in the chronicles as the "
2454:
1660:
1564:("Compendium of Chronicles") with the meaning of the ethnonym as "the one who shows eagerness". The 17th-century
7884:
4800:
2860:, Kievan Rus', Khazaria, and the Magyars—the Pechenegs were annihilated as an independent force in 1091 at the
7818:
7777:
6945:
5913:
2635:
2342:
2297:
1622:
1205:
851:
830:
2377:—a 7th-century Chinese work—preserved the earliest record on the Pechenegs. The book mentioned a people named
2817:
upon the site of his victory over the Pechenegs, followed by the defeat of the Pechenegs during the reign of
8132:
6985:
6910:
6674:
6667:
6592:
5941:
5885:
5632:
5628:
5468:
5286:
5281:
3731:
3632:
3091:
2775:
2491:
1695:
1545:"; he subsequently described the Oghuz as being formed of 22 branches, of which the Pecheneg were the 19th.
859:
1659:, suggesting that they were Tocharian-speaking or at least formed a confederation consisting of Tocharian,
7808:
6178:
5536:
5513:
5328:
5224:
5094:
The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century
4308:
Venturi, Federica (2008). "An Old Tibetan document on the Uighurs: A new translation and interpretation".
3994:
3546:
3419:
2857:
1735:
1683:
1557:
1156:
1021:
822:
1602:
8157:
7877:
7464:
6759:
6408:
6362:
5970:
4066:
3917:
3238:
2591:
1836:
1511:
735:
5201:
5194:
4653:
2560:
1586:
3969:
Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century
8071:
7803:
7140:
6764:
6644:
6561:
5624:
5343:
5298:
3990:
3616:
2715:
2556:
2402:
2320:
1755:
1672:
1573:
1534:
1480:
509:
31:
8092:
7998:
8087:
7952:
7667:
6955:
6690:
6302:
5921:
5546:
5368:
4641:
3541:
3415:
2949:
2930:
2919:
2861:
2853:
2834:
2818:
2783:
2293:
1648:
1581:
1464:
1417:
1010:
1003:
989:
599:
7957:
2621:
Originally, the Pechenegs had their dwelling on the river Atil (Volga), and likewise on the river
8127:
7348:
7150:
7060:
6960:
6297:
6119:
5353:
5141:
4848:
4775:
3717:
3697:
3671:
3663:
3516:
3433:
3357:
3221:
2873:
2865:
2810:
2731:
2445:
2441:
1820:
1788:
1518:
1106:
977:
8097:
4021:
3469:
8066:
4500:"Problems of Byzantine Historiography ~ Three Notes on Miniatures in the Chronicle of Manasses"
3503:
7936:
7931:
7506:
7405:
6866:
6724:
6438:
6357:
6110:
5857:
5531:
5443:
5418:
5408:
5403:
5373:
5313:
5160:
5097:
5078:
5059:
5027:
5008:
4976:
4957:
4938:
4915:
4892:
4877:
4589:
4559:
4520:
3973:
3687:
3647:
3388:
3162:
3113:
3051:
2915:
2763:
2747:
2606:
2600:
2519:
1848:
1783:
1699:
1626:
1385:
1377:
1337:
1329:
965:
731:
662:
179:
92:
7967:
5211:
3326:
3308:
8025:
7813:
7459:
7306:
7175:
7107:
7036:
6980:
6965:
6950:
6935:
6905:
6895:
6871:
6807:
6714:
6403:
6383:
6161:
5937:
5925:
5917:
5905:
5881:
5873:
5861:
5842:
5795:
5697:
5660:
5551:
5488:
5483:
5448:
5398:
5323:
5303:
5293:
5263:
4838:
4765:
4703:
3655:
3624:
3460:
3173:
2881:
2877:
2665:
2495:
2423:
1805:
1687:
1569:
1503:
1495:
1369:
1284:
1083:
953:
776:
679:
590:
581:
572:
545:
500:
491:
474:
249:
61:
4692:
3361:
3348:
3339:
2482:
1332:. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast
7962:
7823:
7430:
7341:
7180:
7160:
7065:
7055:
7041:
6970:
6930:
6925:
6890:
6791:
6745:
6719:
6239:
6216:
6189:
5929:
5901:
5897:
5869:
5838:
5775:
5732:
5715:
5541:
5503:
5438:
5423:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5338:
5318:
5308:
5276:
4207:
3531:
3225:
2821:
in 1036. Shortly thereafter, other nomadic peoples replaced the weakened Pechenegs in the
2727:
2337:
2312:
2285:
2227:
2143:
1817:
1801:
1796:
1711:
1664:
1640:
1606:
1488:
1365:
1170:
1142:
840:
653:
644:
626:
563:
536:
527:
7921:
6658:
3272:
3209:(Black Hats)". It is likely that the Pecheneg population of Hungary was decimated by the
2518:, but some groups were forced to join the Oghuz. The latter formed the 19th tribe of the
2158:"gate, entrance, door". If so, this tribe was the guardians of the Pechenegs to the west.
5041:
Pritsak, Omeljan (1975). "The Pechenegs: A Case of Social and Economic Transformation".
8040:
7859:
7742:
7628:
7592:
7491:
7327:
7246:
7170:
7112:
7031:
7026:
6975:
6940:
6915:
6900:
6831:
6623:
6615:
6551:
6448:
6428:
6322:
6307:
6272:
6173:
6146:
6020:
5945:
5933:
5909:
5889:
5850:
5815:
5799:
5760:
5665:
5655:
5574:
5508:
5493:
5473:
5458:
5453:
5428:
5413:
5333:
5271:
5254:
4931:
4671:
4062:
3745:
3679:
3551:
3424:
3334:
3233:
3206:
3013:
2971:
2926:
2884:
in 1122, on the territory of modern-day Bulgaria. With time the Pechenegs south of the
2846:
2774:
The heroic deed of the young Kyivite during the siege of Kyiv by the Pechenegs in 968.
2754:
2723:
2680:
2669:
2668:
allied with the Pechenegs, using them to fend off other, more dangerous tribes such as
2542:
2437:
1859:
1808:, but their language is poorly documented and therefore difficult to further classify.
1792:
1667:
elements. Their connection with Eastern Iranian elements is hinted at in the remark of
1401:
1341:
1321:
1163:
812:
762:
752:
635:
617:
608:
554:
518:
312:
288:
75:
57:
5206:
2652:
8121:
8102:
8056:
7983:
7926:
7787:
7562:
7496:
7435:
7320:
7267:
7155:
7145:
6920:
6740:
6484:
6474:
6277:
6166:
6065:
5893:
5811:
5781:
5725:
5710:
5675:
5582:
5498:
5478:
5463:
4852:
4779:
4038:
3451:
3406:
3254:
3242:
3135:
2934:
2904:
2822:
2802:
2742:
By the 9th and 10th centuries, Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast
2406:
2355:
2151:
1938:
1824:
1679:
1433:
1230:
1219:
1069:
411:
5121:Печенеги, Торки и Половцы до нашествия татар. История южно-русских степей IX—XIII вв
3299:
7988:
7835:
7702:
7687:
7501:
7440:
7410:
7374:
7334:
7198:
7070:
7047:
6815:
6751:
6638:
6463:
6249:
5877:
5819:
5803:
5765:
5617:
5587:
3989:
Németh, "Die Inschriften," 16, pp. 50-1; Ligeti, "A magyar nyelv," p.362, 506; and
3591:
3581:
3561:
3536:
3485:
3153:
3144:
3124:
3071:
3004:
2856:. After centuries of fighting involving all their neighbours—the Byzantine Empire,
2826:
2809:
nomads. The fortunes of the Rus'-Pecheneg confrontation swung during the reign of
2798:
2795:
2758:
2704:
2622:
2368:
2305:
1855:
1844:
1727:
1707:
1594:
1565:
1389:
1325:
1193:
905:
872:
801:
366:
105:
6858:
4613:
4609:
3586:
2494:
collapsed in 744 which gave rise to a series of intertribal confrontations in the
2315:, writing in c. 950, Patzinakia, the Pecheneg realm, stretched west as far as the
1590:(“Genealogy of the Turkmen") and provides for its meaning as "the one who makes".
6557:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
4583:
2868:. Alexios I recruited the defeated Pechenegs, whom he settled in the district of
7900:
7839:
7722:
7717:
7661:
7165:
7081:
7008:
6877:
6681:
6453:
6105:
6050:
5755:
5685:
5129:
4579:
3526:
3397:
3317:
3263:
3102:
2908:
2770:
2684:
2595:
2580:
2515:
2503:
2427:
2373:
2316:
1847:, proposes that each tribal name consists of two parts: the first part being an
1832:
1739:
1691:
1634:
1549:
1542:
844:
330:
127:
4973:
Nomads and their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Quipchaqs
4843:
4770:
7707:
7522:
6851:
6769:
6433:
6398:
6254:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6095:
6060:
5433:
3760:
3343:
3060:
2893:
2814:
2719:
2614:
2576:
2572:
2526:
1456:
1181:
1130:
1057:
929:
917:
5119:
4826:
4753:
4022:
Geschichte der Goldenen horde in Kiptschak, das ist: der Mongolen in Russland
1510:), implying that it initially referred to an "in-law related clan or tribe".
7737:
7727:
7641:
7527:
7313:
7275:
7256:
7236:
7211:
7117:
6651:
6479:
6458:
6423:
6418:
6393:
6367:
6327:
6312:
6282:
6185:
6136:
5807:
5720:
5680:
5601:
5597:
4073:
tributed 4,000 horses. Nowadays, the officials' horses are of that stock.
3785:
While his rule's exact end cannot be dated, Kurya was no longer khan by 988.
3379:
3370:
3024:
2889:
2511:
2431:
2288:, the Pechenegs are descendants from the ancient Kangars who originate from
1668:
1593:
Three of the eight Pecheneg "provinces" or clans were collectively known as
1553:
1525:, Pechenegs were described as "a Turkic nation living around the country of
893:
717:
693:
465:
375:
53:
6468:
6045:
3281:
5189:
4672:"The preaching of Islam; a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith"
4108:
Drevnetyurkskie Runiçeskie Pamyatniki Kak Istoçnik Po Istorii Sredney Azii
7847:
7692:
7636:
7622:
7607:
7582:
7572:
7542:
7231:
7218:
7204:
6785:
6510:
6443:
6388:
6337:
6292:
6141:
6115:
6090:
6040:
6015:
5832:
5645:
5609:
5593:
4619:
3594:, A Russian made general-purpose machine gun named after the Turkic tribe
3576:
3566:
3521:
3473:
3428:
3401:
3330:
3312:
3303:
2459:
2301:
2289:
2050:
1538:
1460:
1118:
787:
707:
689:
402:
339:
262:
109:
79:
2350:
17:
8035:
7993:
7782:
7732:
7682:
7656:
7651:
7612:
7602:
7557:
7552:
7537:
7454:
7400:
7363:
7358:
7251:
7241:
7226:
7075:
6844:
6798:
6709:
6520:
6500:
6413:
6030:
6025:
6005:
5958:
5827:
5745:
5690:
5670:
5650:
5640:
5605:
3571:
3464:
3455:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3352:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3033:
2960:
2923:
2888:
lost their national identity and became fully assimilated, mostly with
2869:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2673:
2538:
2530:
2499:
2471:
2467:
2390:
2324:
1828:
1094:
881:
456:
420:
384:
357:
348:
321:
169:
2452:
scholars agree that the Pechenegs belonged to the Turkic peoples. The
8061:
7757:
7747:
7697:
7646:
7597:
7587:
7567:
7547:
7532:
7446:
7382:
7368:
7300:
7285:
7280:
7261:
7089:
7003:
6546:
6505:
6287:
6244:
6194:
6055:
6010:
6000:
5984:
5978:
5963:
5953:
5789:
5750:
5740:
5705:
4519:
V. Klyuchevsky, The course of the Russian history. v.1: "Myslʹ.1987,
3556:
3497:
3491:
3446:
3437:
3410:
3392:
3321:
3294:
3184:
3082:
2885:
2842:
2806:
2743:
2688:
2584:
2568:
2534:
2507:
2449:
2026:
1731:
1723:
1333:
447:
438:
429:
131:
4727:
3848:
2841:), after its defeat near Kiev the Pecheneg Horde moved towards the
2300:. Pritsak says that the Pechenegs' homeland was located between the
1526:
30:
This article is about the Turkic tribe. For the Russian weapon, see
7855:
7752:
7712:
7617:
7577:
7295:
7290:
7122:
6837:
6515:
6100:
6035:
5770:
4078:
3229:
3042:
2830:
2769:
2651:
2552:
2547:
2481:
2463:
2394:
2349:
1862:: Καγγαρ) and were deemed "more valiant and noble than the rest".
1340:. In the 9th century the Pechenegs began a period of wars against
1033:
721:
703:
393:
113:
6584:
7851:
7843:
6556:
6332:
5133:
2753:
In the 9th century the Pechenegs began a period of wars against
1823:
lists eight Pecheneg tribal groupings, four on each side of the
7873:
7869:
6588:
5220:
2864:
by a combined Byzantine and Cuman army under Byzantine Emperor
5157:
Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians: Steppe peoples in medieval Hungary
1982:
4382:
4380:
1296:
3200:
The Pechenegs and contemporary Asian polities circa 1000 CE.
2707:
by 889, the Pechenegs in turn drove the Magyars west of the
298:
4954:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
4585:
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
3926:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
1643:
proposed that the name had initially been a composite term
1305:
1299:
1293:
5176:
The Pečenegs: a case of social and economic transformation
2805:
from Sviatoslav's skull, in accordance with the custom of
2656:
Sviatoslav enters Bulgaria with Pecheneg allies, from the
2525:
The Pechenegs who left their homeland settled between the
2474:, who had been sent as a chastisement to the Christians".
4656:, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich,
4537:"Stories About Spies. Story 1. Through the Pecheneg Camp"
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4244:
4242:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3922:
Ethnogenesis in the Tribal Zone: The Shaping of the Türks
3216:
In 15th-century Hungary, some people adopted the surname
1308:
4446:
4444:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4174:Баскаков, Н. А. Тюркские языки, Москва 1960, с. 126-131.
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3641:
2852:
Pecheneg mercenaries served under the Byzantines at the
2695:
was also pressing the Pechenegs, but another group, the
4876:(Translated by E. R. A. Sewter) (1969). Penguin Books.
4122:
4120:
3725:
3711:
1548:
Pechenegs are mentioned as one of 24 ancient tribes of
6542:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
3877:
3875:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
2903:
In the 12th century, according to Byzantine historian
2514:. Most Pechenegs launched a new migration towards the
160:
Pecheneg Khanates and neighbouring territories, c.1030
4475:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
4234:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
3894:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
2699:, defeated that alliance. Driven further west by the
1302:
4801:"Türkalemiyiz.com "Türk Dünyasının İnternet Sitesi""
3850:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples
3739:
2933:. A group of Pechenegs was present at the Battle of
2409:
emphasizes that the Pechenegs' association with the
2296:
listed the Kangars among the subject peoples of the
1290:
8080:
8049:
8018:
8011:
7976:
7945:
7914:
7907:
7796:
7770:
7515:
7473:
7419:
7391:
7189:
7131:
7098:
7017:
6994:
6824:
6778:
6733:
6702:
6631:
6622:
6529:
6493:
6376:
6350:
6263:
6215:
6208:
6129:
6078:
5993:
5573:
5522:
5262:
4992:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People
2323:), and was four days distant from "Tourkias" (i.e.
1647:, mentioned in Old Turkic texts) deriving from the
1287:
207:
197:
185:
175:
165:
141:
120:
99:
86:
69:
4930:
4556:Armies and Enemies of the Crusades Second Edition
1897:Tribe of the Erdem with brilliant, shining horses
1766:, and Klyashtorny the Turkic numerus collectivus
303:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
5178:. Lisse, Netherlands: The Peter de Ridder Press.
4933:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250
4205:G. GYÖRFFY. "MONUMENTS DU LEXIQUE PETCHÉNÈGUE".
3636:
3224:for "Pecheneg"); they were most numerous in the
2845:, crossed the river, and disappeared out of the
1633:("chariot"), semantically related to the Turkic
1392:and other Byzantine authors referred to them as
2619:
2329:
1514:considers this derivation by no means certain.
3993:, "A Besenyők nyelve," p.170-91. Cited in the
3691:
7885:
6600:
5232:
4827:"Batı Anadolu'da Bir Peçenek Beği: Kızıl Beğ"
4754:"Batı Anadolu'da Bir Peçenek Beği: Kızıl Beğ"
1258:
8:
6575:State with limited international recognition
4090:K. H. Menges, Altaic elements, s. 101-104. (
40:
3866:Türk Şiveleri Lügatı = Dīvānü Luġāt-It-Türk
1854:The Erdim, Čur, and Yula tribes formed the
1552:by 14th-century statesman and historian of
8015:
7911:
7892:
7878:
7870:
6628:
6607:
6593:
6585:
6212:
5990:
5519:
5239:
5225:
5217:
5007:] (in Hungarian). Szukits Könyvkiadó.
2184:; may be Ipa + Hung. dim. suffix -cs (-ç).
1864:
1265:
1251:
757:
284:
154:
138:
46:
39:
5212:Of the Pechenegs, and how many advantages
4842:
4769:
4053:馬。印宅。" rough translation: "Horses of the
3905:
3598:Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)
2896:. Significant communities settled in the
1404:texts, the Pechenegs were referred to as
8178:Late Byzantine-era tribes in the Balkans
5001:Háborúk és hadviselés az Árpádok korában
4295:
4162:
4019:Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von,
1961:Tribe of the Kül-Bey with grayish horses
1690:(ed. Meshcherskiy, 454) which adds "the
4670:Arnold, Thomas Walker (June 21, 1896).
4423:
4386:
4371:
4248:
4221:
4025:, 1840. digital page n70 or 6/mode/2up.
3942:
3797:
3609:
3228:. One of the earliest introductions of
2590:The Pechenegs settled along the rivers
2142:Possibly not an equine coat color; cf.
2074:
2005:Tribe of the Tolmač with grayish horses
1228:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
870:
810:
785:
760:
287:
5139:
4486:
4462:
4450:
4435:
4398:
4338:
4326:
4283:
4271:
4183:
4150:
4138:
4126:
3954:
3864:Maḥmūd, Kāshgarī; James Kelly (1982).
3834:
3815:
2726:, forcing them westward towards the
2470:" descended from "the godless sons of
1934:*Qabuqšın-Yula or *Khabuži/Kapuži-Jula
1851:, the other the tribal ruler's title.
1730:as purely Turkic name variants of the
5049:. The Peter de Ridder Press: 211–235.
3881:
3249:Settlements bearing the name Pecheneg
2430:) peoples in the region of the river
1467:word for "brother-in-law, relative” (
1444:. The Hungarian word for Pecheneg is
206:
196:
192:
7:
4693:Studies on Pechenegs Dr. AKDES KURAT
4049:也。是大宛馬種。形容極大。武德中。康國獻四千匹。今時官馬。猶是其種。……
3995:Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition)
3684:Πατζινάκοι, Πετσενέγοι, Πατζινακίται
3637:
70:Regions with significant populations
2813:(990–995), who founded the town of
2604:had its origin in this period. The
1917:Tribe of the Čur with bluish horses
4674:. Westminster, A. Constable and co
4588:. London: UCL Press. p. 117.
3506:Western Anatolia c. 1184-(????)s
2786:; some joined the Prince of Kiev,
2583:and the upper course of the river
25:
5159:. Hereditas. Budapest: Kultúra .
5005:Wars and Tactics under the Árpáds
4752:Baykara, Tuncer (June 21, 1998).
2371:originated the proposal that the
1738:'s institutional historical work
8173:Romania in the Early Middle Ages
8168:Moldova in the Early Middle Ages
7850:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
5564:
5248:
5188:
5024:The Magyars in the Ninth Century
4660:, Scarecrow Press, 2013, p. 439.
4658:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
2942:
2397:, respectively), to the east of
1352:The Pechenegs were mentioned as
1283:
267:
242:
6547:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
5077:. Romanian Cultural Institute.
4994:. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
2730:, where they later founded the
2529:and Volga rivers. According to
1599:Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
1459:and some other researchers the
108:(in the Balkans, Anatolia) and
5026:. Cambridge University Press.
4937:. Cambridge University Press.
4914:. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
3997:, Vol.VIII, Leiden 1994, p.289
2658:Constantine Manasses Chronicle
2233:"foe-seeking magical arrow"(?)
1605:connected the ethnonym to the
1:
8188:History of the western steppe
6537:Organization of Turkic States
5118:Golubovsky, Peter V. (1884).
4887:Constantine Porphyrogenitus:
4741:– via www.academia.edu.
4682:– via Internet Archive.
4509:– via Internet Archive.
2359:
1742:apparently distinguishes the
289:History of the Turkic peoples
5155:Pálóczi-Horváth, A. (1989).
5043:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
4956:. Editura Academiei Române.
4789:– via belleten.gov.tr.
3642:
2448:(1100–1165), and many other
1886:Reconstructed leader's name
1533:was the Turkic word for the
52:The Pechenegs slaughter the
8183:11th century in Kievan Rus'
8143:Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
8138:10th century in Kievan Rus'
4195:A magyarok eredete, Vámbéry
3726:
3712:
2839:History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
2631:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
2381:, who had settled near the
2338:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
2313:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
1580:among 24 ancient tribes of
1095:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
942:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
27:Extinct Oghuz Turkic people
8209:
5146:: CS1 maint: postscript (
4844:10.37879/belleten.1998.735
4771:10.37879/belleten.1998.735
4110:, Moscow 1964, p.163-167 (
4010:, Москва 1960, с. 126-131.
3211:Mongol invasion of Hungary
2907:, the Pechenegs fought as
2784:attacked and besieged Kiev
2205:"to turn back"; cf. Hung.
1781:
1576:mentions the Pechenegs as
1463:may have derived from the
702:Chief gods and goddesses:
29:
8163:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
7832:
6951:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
6570:
5562:
5054:Róna-Tas, András (1999).
5022:Macartney, C. A. (1968).
4990:Golden, Peter B. (1992).
4971:Golden, Peter B. (2003).
4952:Golden, Peter B. (2011).
4874:Anna Comnena: The Alexiad
4353:(year 6604/1096), p. 184)
4351:Russian Primary Chronicle
3740:
3721:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3667:
3659:
2579:from the lands along the
2555:of Pecheneg tribe as per
2455:Russian Primary Chronicle
2217:"interpreter, translator"
1883:Transcribed leader's name
1874:Reconstructed tribal name
1698:-speakers, most probably
1621:("black-blooded"), while
1617:("to go out riding") and
1584:(or Oghuzes) in his book
1123:11th century–13th century
221:
217:
193:
153:
148:
125:
104:
91:
74:
45:
8148:Ethnic groups in Hungary
7819:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
7487:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
6152:Timeline of the Göktürks
5096:. Koninklijke Brill NV.
4889:De Administrando Imperio
4825:Baykara, Tuncer (1998).
4622:: Akadémiai Kiadó. 1977.
4558:. Lulu.com. p. 73.
4477:(ch. 37), pp. 167., 169.
4310:Journal of Asian History
2738:Late history and decline
2664:In the 9th century, the
2636:De Administrando Imperio
2343:De Administrando Imperio
2298:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1941:with bark-colored horses
1623:Carlile Aylmer Macartney
1206:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
852:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
831:Western Turkic Khaganate
777:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
6976:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
6632:Azerbaijani communities
5092:Spinei, Victor (2009).
5073:Spinei, Victor (2003).
4632:Kinnamos, IV, 4, p. 143
4615:Magyar néprajzi lexikon
4065:. In the middle of the
3868:. Duxbury, Mass: Tekin.
3847:Peter Benjamin Golden.
2900:, around 150 villages.
2776:Andrey Ivanovich Ivanov
2648:Alliance with Byzantium
2520:Oghuz tribal federation
2389:peoples (identified as
1871:Transcribed tribal name
1722:classifies the Chinese
1625:associated it with the
1448:; the Romanian term is
860:Second Turkic Khaganate
8193:Extinct Turkic peoples
7809:Crimean Tatar diaspora
6986:Western Thracian Turks
6921:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
5866:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4999:Kristó, Gyula (2003).
4929:Curta, Florin (2006).
4912:Divanü Lügati't – Türk
4910:Atalay, Besim (2006).
4061:. They are a stock of
3749:
3735:
3675:
3651:
3628:
3620:
3547:Benedict, son of Samud
3420:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2779:
2661:
2641:
2564:
2487:
2365:
2348:
2029:with dark-brown horses
1558:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
1507:
1499:
1484:
1022:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
823:First Turkic Khaganate
304:
209:• Disestablished
116:(in Anatolia, Balkans)
7516:Extinct Turkic groups
7474:Turkic minorities in
7421:Turkic minorities in
7392:Turkic minorities in
7190:Turkic minorities in
6668:Georgian Azerbaijanis
6363:Proto-Turkic language
5994:Extinct Turkic groups
5207:The Primary Chronicle
5197:at Wikimedia Commons
5128:] (in Russian)at
4612:[Pechenegs].
3239:Abu Hamid al-Gharnati
2782:In 968 the Pechenegs
2773:
2655:
2561:Genealogy of Turkmens
2551:
2522:in the 11th century.
2485:
2353:
2319:(or even the Eastern
1675:and the Badjanak.".
1521:'s 11th-century work
1131:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
763:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
302:
176:Common languages
121:Related ethnic groups
8012:Üçoks (Three arrows)
7908:Bozoks (Grey arrows)
7834:Central Asian (i.e.
7804:Azerbaijani diaspora
7141:Iranian Azerbaijanis
6779:Turkmen communities
6675:Western Azerbaijanis
6645:Iranian Azerbaijanis
6562:World Turks Qurultai
5174:Pritsak, O. (1976).
4805:www.turkalemiyiz.com
3291:Bešenovački Prnjavor
3197:class=notpageimage|
2716:Simeon I of Bulgaria
2403:Eastern Roman Empire
2321:Carpathian Mountains
1866:Tribal Compositions
1574:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
1535:Eastern Roman Empire
1523:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
1384:in works written in
1320:were a semi-nomadic
32:Pecheneg machine gun
6825:Turkish communities
6691:Javanshir Qizilbash
6303:Karachay-Cherkessia
4554:Heath, Ian (2019).
4438:, pp. 113–114.
4224:, pp. 211–212.
3980:/ Brill 2009, p.181
3908:, pp. 104–105.
3765:Caspian expeditions
3542:Ladislaus I Losonci
2862:Battle of Levounion
2854:Battle of Manzikert
2835:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
2819:Yaroslav I the Wise
2440:(c. 820 – 912 CE),
2294:Orkhon inscriptions
2053:with piebald horses
1867:
1684:Old Rus translation
1541:, and "a branch of
1418:East Slavic peoples
1011:Eastern Kara-Khanid
1004:Western Kara-Khanid
990:Kara-Khanid Khanate
199:• Established
42:
7349:Siberian Bukharans
7151:Chaharmahali Turks
7132:Turkic minorities
7099:Turkic minorities
7018:Turkic minorities
6734:Kyrgyz communities
6703:Kazakh communities
6494:Traditional sports
6298:Kabardino-Balkaria
5918:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
4389:, p. 213-214.
3750:Pacinacae, Bisseni
3517:Taksony of Hungary
2866:Alexios I Komnenos
2811:Vladimir I of Kiev
2780:
2761:, reported in the
2679:The Uzes, another
2662:
2565:
2541:, Oghuz Turks and
2488:
2478:Westward migration
2446:Muhammad al-Idrisi
2442:Mahmud al-Kashgari
2366:
2056:Dniepr's east bank
2032:Dniepr's west bank
2008:Dniepr's east bank
1988:Dniepr's west bank
1964:Dniepr's east bank
1944:Dniepr's west bank
1920:Dniepr's east bank
1900:Dniepr's west bank
1865:
1816:Byzantine emperor
1789:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1762:the plural-suffix
1587:Shajara-i Tarākima
1380:documents, and as
1107:Khwarazmian Empire
978:Karluk Yabgu State
716:Epics and heroes:
305:
8115:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8007:
8006:
7867:
7866:
7766:
7765:
7677:
7670:
7631:
7507:Tatars of Romania
7480:
7449:
7406:Mongolian Kazakhs
7377:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7221:
7214:
7207:
7084:
7050:
6961:Palestinian Turks
6956:Montenegrin Turks
6880:
6861:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6810:
6801:
6794:
6754:
6725:Mongolian Kazakhs
6693:
6684:
6677:
6670:
6661:
6654:
6647:
6582:
6581:
6358:Old Turkic script
6346:
6345:
6157:Timeline 500–1300
6074:
6073:
5560:
5559:
5419:Kipchak languages
5374:Karamanli Turkish
5202:www.patzinakia.ro
5193:Media related to
5103:978-90-04-17536-5
5065:978-963-9116-48-1
5033:978-0-521-08070-5
4963:978-973-27-2152-0
4944:978-0-521-89452-4
4904:Secondary sources
4882:978-0-14-044958-7
4654:Ivan Katchanovski
4618:. Vol. One.
4236:(ch. 37), p. 167.
3896:(ch. 37), p. 171.
3710:
2916:Manuel I Komnenos
2913:Byzantine Emperor
2898:Hungarian kingdom
2792:Primary Chronicle
2764:Primary Chronicle
2748:Crimean Peninsula
2458:stated that the "
2066:
2065:
1985:with black horses
1970:*Ipa / *Iba (?),
1849:equine coat color
1784:Pecheneg language
1655:and the ethnonym
1562:Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh
1378:Classical Tibetan
1338:Crimean Peninsula
1330:Pecheneg language
1275:
1274:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1182:Qarlughid Kingdom
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1046:Pecheneg Khanates
1039:
1027:
995:
983:
971:
966:Oghuz Yabgu State
959:
947:
935:
930:Türgesh Khaganate
923:
911:
899:
887:
864:
856:
835:
827:
793:
768:
743:
742:
670:
669:
482:
481:
293:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
255:
254:
143:Pecheneg Khanates
137:
136:
93:Pecheneg language
16:(Redirected from
8200:
8153:Islam in Hungary
8016:
7912:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7871:
7814:Turkish diaspora
7673:
7666:
7627:
7478:
7460:Karategin Uzbeks
7445:
7373:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7307:Astrakhan Tatars
7305:
7270:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7176:Iranian Turkmens
7108:Crimean Karaites
7080:
7046:
6946:Macedonian Turks
6911:Dodecanese Turks
6876:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6808:Iranian Turkmens
6806:
6797:
6790:
6750:
6689:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6629:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6586:
6404:Tibetan Buddhism
6384:Turkic mythology
6265:Autonomous areas
6217:Sovereign states
6213:
5991:
5973:
5948:
5845:
5822:
5784:
5735:
5700:
5661:Crimean Karaites
5635:
5612:
5568:
5520:
5399:Khorasani Turkic
5253:
5252:
5251:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5218:
5192:
5179:
5170:
5151:
5145:
5137:
5107:
5088:
5069:
5050:
5037:
5018:
4995:
4986:
4967:
4948:
4936:
4925:
4857:
4856:
4846:
4837:(235): 735–746.
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4773:
4764:(235): 735–746.
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4726:Ayçiçek, Recep.
4723:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4667:
4661:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4533:
4527:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4375:
4369:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4252:
4246:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4208:Acta Orientalia
4202:
4196:
4193:
4187:
4186:, p. 265-6.
4181:
4175:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4115:
4104:S.G. Klyaštornij
4101:
4095:
4088:
4082:
4032:
4026:
4017:
4011:
4006:Баскаков, Н. А.
4004:
3998:
3987:
3981:
3966:Victor Spinei, "
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3929:
3918:Golden, Peter B.
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3819:
3813:
3786:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3758:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3729:
3723:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3685:
3669:
3661:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3614:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3007:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2882:Battle of Beroia
2639:
2496:Eurasian steppes
2492:Turkic Khaganate
2444:(11th century),
2364:
2361:
2346:
2280:Origins and area
2268:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2246:, metathesis of
2240:
2234:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
1868:
1821:Porphyrogennetos
1720:Hammer-Purgstall
1688:Josephus Flavius
1570:Khanate of Khiva
1436:mention them as
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1234:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1084:Sultanate of Rum
1073:
1061:
1058:Ghaznavid Empire
1049:
1037:
1025:
993:
981:
969:
957:
954:Uyghur Khaganate
945:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
882:Khazar Khaganate
862:
854:
833:
825:
791:
766:
758:
753:Pre-14th century
730:Major concepts:
685:
684:
680:Turkic Mythology
497:
496:
492:Turkic Languages
475:Crimean Karaites
412:Cherniye Klobuki
318:
317:
292:pre–14th century
291:
285:
271:
270:
259:
258:
250:Khazar Khaganate
246:
245:
239:
238:
223:
222:
158:
139:
62:Madrid Skylitzes
50:
43:
21:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8107:
8076:
8045:
8003:
7972:
7941:
7903:
7898:
7868:
7863:
7828:
7824:Kazakh diaspora
7792:
7762:
7511:
7477:
7475:
7469:
7431:Afghan Turkmens
7422:
7415:
7393:
7387:
7342:Siberian Tatars
7266:
7191:
7185:
7181:Iranian Kazakhs
7161:Khorasani Turks
7133:
7127:
7100:
7094:
7037:Chinese Kazakhs
7019:
7013:
6996:
6995:Turkic peoples
6990:
6891:Bulgarian Turks
6867:Abkhazian Turks
6820:
6792:Afghan Turkmens
6774:
6729:
6720:Iranian Kazakhs
6715:Chinese Kazakhs
6698:
6618:
6613:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6566:
6525:
6489:
6372:
6342:
6259:
6240:Northern Cyprus
6204:
6190:Altai Mountains
6125:
6070:
5989:
5969:
5914:North Macedonia
5856:
5837:
5794:
5780:
5776:Siberian Tatars
5731:
5716:Khorasani Turks
5696:
5623:
5592:
5569:
5556:
5518:
5439:Ottoman Turkish
5359:Karachay-Balkar
5258:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5186:
5173:
5167:
5154:
5138:
5117:
5114:
5112:Further reading
5104:
5091:
5085:
5072:
5066:
5053:
5040:
5034:
5021:
5015:
4998:
4989:
4983:
4970:
4964:
4951:
4945:
4928:
4922:
4909:
4906:
4870:
4868:Primary sources
4865:
4860:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4736:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4652:
4648:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4489:, p. I.57.
4485:
4481:
4473:
4469:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4422:
4405:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4378:
4370:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4255:
4247:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4137:
4133:
4125:
4118:
4102:
4098:
4089:
4085:
4057:, which is the
4033:
4029:
4018:
4014:
4005:
4001:
3988:
3984:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3873:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3837:, p. I.64.
3833:
3822:
3814:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3759:
3755:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3532:Szolnok (genus)
3513:
3482:
3251:
3226:county of Tolna
3203:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2931:William the Bad
2833:. According to
2794:, the Pecheneg
2740:
2732:Hungarian state
2728:Pannonian plain
2650:
2640:
2629:
2480:
2362:
2347:
2336:
2286:Omeljan Pritsak
2282:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2241:
2237:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2144:Ottoman Turkish
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:bravery, virtue
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
1818:Constantine VII
1814:
1786:
1780:
1665:Bulgaric Turkic
1661:Eastern Iranian
1651:word for stone
1641:Omeljan Pritsak
1597:. According to
1519:Mahmud Kashgari
1350:
1286:
1282:
1271:
1242:
1241:
1171:Tughlaq dynasty
1143:Delhi Sultanate
841:Tokhara Yabghus
802:Tiele (Gaoche)
767:202 BCE–13th CE
755:
745:
744:
688:Belief system:
682:
672:
671:
627:Karachay-Balkar
494:
484:
483:
315:
268:
243:
210:
200:
161:
144:
65:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8206:
8204:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8133:Turkic peoples
8130:
8120:
8119:
8113:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8084:
8082:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8022:
8020:
8013:
8009:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8002:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7980:
7978:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7918:
7916:
7909:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7889:
7882:
7874:
7865:
7864:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7774:
7772:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7743:Yenisei Kyrgyz
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7679:
7678:
7671:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7519:
7517:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7492:Finnish Tatars
7489:
7483:
7481:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7438:
7433:
7427:
7425:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7397:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7338:
7331:
7324:
7317:
7310:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7215:
7208:
7195:
7193:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7137:
7135:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7113:Crimean Tatars
7110:
7104:
7102:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7056:Chinese Uzbeks
7053:
7052:
7051:
7042:Chinese Kyrgyz
7039:
7034:
7032:Chinese Tatars
7029:
7023:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6981:Tunisian Turks
6978:
6973:
6968:
6966:Romanian Turks
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6936:Lebanese Turks
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6916:Egyptian Turks
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6896:Croatian Turks
6893:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6872:Algerian Turks
6869:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6841:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6746:Chinese Kyrgyz
6743:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6671:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6655:
6635:
6633:
6626:
6620:
6619:
6616:Turkic peoples
6614:
6612:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6589:
6580:
6579:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6552:Turkic Academy
6549:
6544:
6539:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6449:Khalwati order
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6429:Bektashi Order
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6308:Karakalpakstan
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6273:Altai Republic
6269:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6174:Nomadic empire
6171:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5942:Western Thrace
5848:
5847:
5846:
5830:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5666:Crimean Tatars
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5585:
5579:
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5555:
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5544:
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5528:
5526:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5469:Siberian Tatar
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5185:
5184:External links
5182:
5181:
5180:
5171:
5165:
5152:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5089:
5083:
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5019:
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4902:
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4885:
4869:
4866:
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4662:
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4634:
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4601:
4594:
4571:
4565:978-0244174873
4564:
4546:
4528:
4512:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4465:, p. 144.
4455:
4453:, p. 138.
4440:
4428:
4426:, p. 214.
4403:
4401:, p. 114.
4391:
4376:
4374:, p. 212.
4355:
4343:
4341:, p. 186.
4331:
4329:, p. 182.
4319:
4300:
4298:, p. 235.
4288:
4286:, p. 232.
4276:
4274:, p. 113.
4253:
4251:, p. 211.
4238:
4226:
4214:
4197:
4188:
4176:
4167:
4165:, p. 239.
4155:
4153:, p. 343.
4143:
4141:, p. 181.
4131:
4116:
4096:
4083:
4027:
4012:
4008:Тюркские языки
3999:
3982:
3959:
3947:
3945:, p. 213.
3930:
3910:
3906:Macartney 1968
3898:
3886:
3884:, p. 182.
3871:
3856:
3853:. p. 264.
3839:
3820:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3753:
3732:Serbo-Croatian
3608:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Chorni Klobuky
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3501:
3495:
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3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3335:Czech Republic
3324:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3250:
3247:
3234:Eastern Europe
3207:Chorni Klobuky
3195:
3194:
3182:
3171:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3122:
3111:
3100:
3089:
3080:
3069:
3058:
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3031:
3022:
3011:
3002:
2991:
2980:
2969:
2958:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2927:king of Sicily
2920:southern Italy
2847:Pontic steppes
2739:
2736:
2724:Pontic steppes
2711:River by 892.
2676:(Hungarians).
2649:
2646:
2627:
2607:Hudud al-'Alam
2601:Hudud al-'alam
2479:
2476:
2438:Ibn Khordadbeh
2356:Pontic steppes
2334:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2235:
2219:
2210:
2186:
2173:
2160:
2135:
2126:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:*Bata / *Bota
2060:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2023:
2022:*Yazı-Qap(ğ)an
2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:Κουαρτζι-τζούρ
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1813:
1810:
1804:branch of the
1782:Main article:
1779:
1776:
1726:and Byzantine
1706:, followed by
1572:and historian
1420:use the terms
1402:medieval Latin
1349:
1346:
1328:who spoke the
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1226:
1225:
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1213:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1164:Khalji dynasty
1160:
1157:Mamluk dynasty
1150:
1149:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1125:
1119:Kerait Khanate
1114:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1089:
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281:
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134:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:(historical);
102:
101:
97:
96:
89:
88:
84:
83:
76:Eastern Europe
72:
71:
67:
66:
51:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8205:
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7881:
7876:
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7862:territories).
7861:
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7841:
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7589:
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7584:
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7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7563:Black Klobuks
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
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7518:
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7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7479:(exc. Russia)
7472:
7466:
7465:Afghan Kyrgyz
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7448:
7444:
7443:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7418:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7381:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7336:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7321:Mishar Tatars
7318:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7220:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7130:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
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7097:
7091:
7088:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7074:
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7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7049:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6997:in Uzbekistan
6993:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6971:Serbian Turks
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6931:Kosovan Turks
6929:
6927:
6926:Israeli Turks
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6906:Cypriot Turks
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:Bosnian Turks
6884:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6817:
6814:
6809:
6805:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:Afghan Kyrgyz
6758:
6753:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6732:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6610:
6605:
6603:
6598:
6596:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6576:
6569:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6530:Organizations
6528:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6485:Vattisen Yaly
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
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6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6278:Bashkortostan
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6167:Turkification
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
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6089:
6087:
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6077:
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6044:
6042:
6039:
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6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
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5911:
5907:
5903:
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5805:
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5797:
5793:
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5791:
5788:
5783:
5782:Baraba Tatars
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:Common Turkic
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5514:Western Yugur
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:Crimean Tatar
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5191:
5183:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5166:963-13-2740-X
5162:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5084:973-85894-5-2
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5058:. CEU Press.
5057:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5014:963-9441-87-2
5010:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4984:
4982:0-86078-885-7
4978:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4927:
4923:
4921:975-16-0405-2
4917:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4897:0-88402-021-5
4894:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4745:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4689:
4686:
4673:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4595:1-85728-495-X
4591:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4525:5-244-00072-1
4522:
4516:
4513:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4296:Róna-Tas 1999
4292:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4201:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4163:Róna-Tas 1999
4159:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4132:
4129:, p. 95.
4128:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4063:Dayuan horses
4060:
4059:Kangju nation
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3978:9789047428800
3975:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3960:
3957:, p. 94.
3956:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3818:, p. 93.
3817:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3699:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3633:Middle Turkic
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3461:Szirmabesenyő
3459:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:Pečeneg Ilova
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3190:
3179:
3168:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3119:
3108:
3097:
3086:
3077:
3066:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3006:KHITAN EMPIRE
2999:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2977:
2966:
2964:
2955:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:John Kinnamos
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:Pontic steppe
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:expelled them
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:attacked the
2501:
2497:
2493:
2484:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2462:, Pechenegs,
2461:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2407:Victor Spinei
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2311:According to
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2284:According to
2279:
2274:
2267:"small camel"
2264:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2171:"to frighten"
2170:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:"door, gate,
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:Tribe of the
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:Tribe of the
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:Tribe of the
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:*Suru-Kül-Bey
1957:
1955:Συρου-κουλπέη
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:Tribe of the
1936:
1933:
1931:Χαβουξιν-γυλά
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:Ιαβδι-ερτί(μ)
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:Qangar/Kenger
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:Dnieper river
1822:
1819:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1806:Turkic family
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:Common Turkic
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:Ármin Vámbéry
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1556:-ruled Iran
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:According to
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:), while the
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1280:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1233:
1232:
1231:Ottoman State
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:Bahri dynasty
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1070:Seljuk Empire
1066:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
992:
991:
986:
980:
979:
974:
968:
967:
962:
956:
955:
950:
944:
943:
938:
932:
931:
926:
920:
919:
914:
908:
907:
902:
896:
895:
890:
884:
883:
878:
875:
874:
873:Sabiri People
869:
861:
858:
853:
850:
849:
848:
846:
842:
832:
829:
824:
821:
820:
819:
818:
815:
814:
809:
804:
803:
799:
798:
797:
796:
790:
789:
784:
779:
778:
774:
773:
772:
771:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
748:
739:
737:
733:
729:
728:
725:
723:
719:
715:
714:
711:
709:
705:
701:
700:
697:
695:
691:
687:
686:
681:
676:
675:
666:
664:
661:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
493:
488:
487:
478:
476:
473:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
314:
309:
308:
301:
297:
296:
290:
286:
266:
264:
261:
260:
257:
251:
248:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
220:
216:
212:
202:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
157:
152:
147:
140:
133:
129:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
33:
19:
8158:Pastoralists
8030:
7901:Oghuz tribes
7674:
7502:Lipka Tatars
7375:Tozhu Tuvans
7335:Volga Tatars
7048:Akto Turkmen
6941:Libyan Turks
6901:Cretan Turks
6816:Akto Turkmen
6765:Tajik Kyrgyz
6752:Akto Turkmen
6639:Azerbaijanis
6464:Qalandariyya
6439:Christianity
6250:Turkmenistan
6188: /
6179:Turco-Mongol
5618:Azerbaijanis
5187:
5175:
5156:
5125:
5120:
5093:
5074:
5055:
5046:
5042:
5023:
5004:
5000:
4991:
4972:
4953:
4932:
4911:
4888:
4873:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4808:. Retrieved
4804:
4795:
4783:. Retrieved
4761:
4757:
4747:
4735:. Retrieved
4731:
4728:"Peçenekler"
4721:
4710:
4699:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4665:
4657:
4649:
4637:
4628:
4614:
4604:
4584:
4580:Haldon, John
4574:
4555:
4549:
4540:
4531:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4494:
4482:
4474:
4470:
4458:
4431:
4424:Pritsak 1975
4394:
4387:Pritsak 1975
4372:Pritsak 1975
4350:
4346:
4334:
4322:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4291:
4279:
4249:Pritsak 1975
4233:
4229:
4222:Pritsak 1975
4217:
4206:
4200:
4191:
4179:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4134:
4107:
4099:
4086:
4074:
4070:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4015:
4007:
4002:
3985:
3967:
3962:
3950:
3943:Pritsak 1975
3913:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3865:
3859:
3849:
3842:
3781:
3772:
3756:
3629:Peçenek(ler)
3621:Peçeneq(lər)
3612:
3592:PKP Pecheneg
3582:Manav People
3562:Kangar union
3537:Vata (noble)
3527:Pok (genus)
3329:, a part of
3273:Besenyőtelek
3217:
3215:
3204:
3015:
2995:
2984:
2982:
2962:
2922:against the
2902:
2851:
2838:
2791:
2788:Sviatoslav I
2781:
2762:
2759:Igor of Kiev
2752:
2741:
2713:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2642:
2634:
2620:
2612:
2605:
2599:
2589:
2566:
2524:
2489:
2453:
2436:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:Paul Pelliot
2367:
2341:
2330:
2310:
2283:
2263:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2213:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2138:
2133:bright-green
2129:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2043:Βουλα-τζοπόν
2002:*Boru-Tolmač
1894:*Yavdı-Erdim
1853:
1839:, following
1815:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1677:
1673:Khwarazmians
1656:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1630:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1560:in his work
1547:
1530:
1516:
1512:Peter Golden
1491:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:Pieczyngowie
1437:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:Patzinakitai
1397:
1393:
1390:Anna Komnene
1381:
1373:
1364:in medieval
1361:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1326:Central Asia
1324:people from
1317:
1278:
1276:
1229:
1218:
1204:
1194:Golden Horde
1192:
1180:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1082:
1068:
1056:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1009:
1002:
988:
976:
964:
952:
940:
928:
916:
906:Kangar Union
904:
892:
880:
871:
838:
811:
800:
786:
775:
761:
232:Succeeded by
231:
226:
106:Christianity
95:(historical)
82:(historical)
37:Ethnic group
7723:Toquz Oghuz
7662:Oghuz Turks
7629:Sir-Kıvchak
7423:Afghanistan
7166:Qarai Turks
7082:Tor Uyghurs
7061:Fuyu Kyrgyz
7009:Karakalpaks
6878:Kouloughlis
6682:Karapapakhs
6454:Malamatiyya
6106:Pan-Turkism
6086:Grey Wolves
6051:Oghuz Turks
5971:Afghanistan
5756:Qarai Turks
5686:Karakalpaks
5454:Sakha/Yakut
5344:Fuyü Gïrgïs
5299:Azerbaijani
5130:Runivers.ru
4975:. Ashgate.
4541:szru.gov.ua
4487:Atalay 2006
4463:Kristó 2003
4451:Kristó 2003
4436:Spinei 2003
4399:Spinei 2003
4339:Spinei 2009
4327:Spinei 2009
4284:Golden 2011
4272:Spinei 2003
4184:Golden 1992
4151:Spinei 2009
4139:Spinei 2009
4127:Spinei 2003
4071:Kang nation
4055:Kang nation
4035:Tang Huiyao
3955:Spinei 2003
3835:Golden 2003
3816:Spinei 2003
3617:Azerbaijani
3434:Pieczeniegi
3358:Máriabesnyő
2909:mercenaries
2755:Kievan Rus'
2670:Kievan Rus'
2581:Kuban River
2516:Volga River
2504:Oghuz Turks
2486:Europe 1097
2428:Oghuz Turks
2374:Book of Sui
2363: 1015
2317:Siret River
2046:*Bula-Čopan
2019:Γιαζι-χοπὸν
1999:Βορο-ταλμάτ
1914:*Küerči-Čur
1812:Composition
1740:Tang Huiyao
1734:; however,
1613:("agile"),
1543:Oghuz Turks
1481:Azerbaijani
1428:(plural of
1342:Kievan Rus'
845:Turk Shahis
792:71 BC–?? AD
510:Azerbaijani
331:Oghuz Turks
227:Preceded by
128:Oghuz Turks
60:, from the
8122:Categories
8081:Dingiz Han
7977:Yılduz Han
6770:Van Kyrgyz
6652:Shahsevans
6434:Burkhanism
6399:Aiyy Faith
6318:Nakhchivan
6255:Uzbekistan
6235:Kyrgyzstan
6230:Kazakhstan
6225:Azerbaijan
6096:Burkhanism
5922:Montenegro
5886:Dodecanese
5547:Old Uyghur
5532:Old Turkic
5434:Old Turkic
5369:Karakalpak
4863:References
4732:Peçenekler
4610:"besenyők"
4077:s horses;
3882:Curta 2006
3761:Ibn Haukal
3676:Besenyő(k)
3668:Печеніг(и)
3660:Печенег(и)
3470:Pechenitsa
3452:Pöttsching
3443:Pieczonogi
3407:Pečenjevce
3360:a part of
3349:Ládbesenyő
3344:Azerbaijan
3255:Besenyszög
3243:Pečenjevce
2951:KARAKHANID
2894:Bulgarians
2872:(today in
2815:Pereyaslav
2666:Byzantines
2615:Ibn Fadlan
2573:Hungarians
2557:Abul-Ghazi
2468:Polovcians
2258:or "Čaban"
2180:cf. Hung.
2090:or "Erdem"
2081:or "Yawdı"
1950:*Qorqutai
1947:Κουρκοῡται
1760:Kang-ar-as
1645:(Kängär As
1465:Old Turkic
1457:Max Vasmer
1394:Patzinakoi
1372:texts, as
918:Turk Shahi
600:Karakalpak
8128:Pechenegs
8067:Alayuntlu
7797:Diasporas
7738:Xueyantuo
7728:Uriankhai
7675:Pechenegs
7668:Turkomans
7642:Kutrigurs
7314:Kryashens
7276:Kumandins
7257:Karachays
7237:Besermyan
7212:Telengits
7118:Krymchaks
7101:in Crimea
7066:Ili Turks
6659:Küresünni
6480:Zahediyeh
6475:Safaviyya
6424:Bayramiye
6419:Batiniyya
6394:Shamanism
6377:Religions
6368:Turkology
6328:Tatarstan
6313:Khakassia
6283:Chuvashia
6209:Locations
6186:Tian Shan
6162:Migration
6137:Turkestan
6120:Hungarian
6111:Turkesism
5808:Kryashens
5796:Astrakhan
5721:Krymchaks
5681:Karachays
5602:Telengits
5598:Kumandins
5524:Alphabets
5354:Ili Turki
5264:Languages
5195:Pechenegs
5142:cite book
4853:252493145
4780:252493145
4642:Chalandon
4316:(42): 21.
4112:cited PDF
4092:cited PDF
4075:Kangheli'
4041:quote: "
4039:"Vol. 72"
3924:". From:
3793:Footnotes
3727:pechenezi
3718:Bulgarian
3713:pechenegi
3707:romanized
3698:Bulgarian
3672:Hungarian
3664:Ukrainian
3587:Petržalka
3504:Kızıl Beg
3380:Pecineaga
3371:Pechenihy
3222:Hungarian
3175:BYZANTINE
3166:CALIPHATE
3095:CHALUKYAS
3062:GHAZNAVID
3026:SRIVIJAYA
2985:Pechenegs
2937:in 1155.
2890:Romanians
2876:) into a
2874:Macedonia
2512:Al-Masudi
2432:Syr Darya
2416:Be-ča-nag
2154:", Hung.
1978:*Qara-Bay
1746:from the
1669:al-Biruni
1649:Tocharian
1619:kani-kara
1615:kangirmak
1554:Ilkhanate
1529:", where
1442:Piecinigi
1382:Pačanak-i
1374:Be-ča-nag
1318:Patzinaks
1279:Pechenegs
1235:1299–1922
1210:1250–1517
1198:1242–1502
1186:1224–1266
1147:1206–1526
1135:1136–1225
1111:1077–1231
1099:1067–1239
1074:1037–1194
894:Xueyantuo
736:Grey wolf
718:Ergenekon
694:Shamanism
466:Krymchaks
376:Kutrigurs
87:Languages
54:Varangian
41:Pechenegs
8036:Çavuldur
8031:Pecheneg
8026:Bayandur
7937:Karaevli
7932:Alkaevli
7848:Turkmens
7836:Turkmeni
7693:Saragurs
7637:Kurykans
7623:Kipchaks
7608:Keraites
7593:Göktürks
7583:Dughlats
7573:Dingling
7543:Berendei
7394:Mongolia
7364:Tofalars
7328:Nağaybäk
7232:Bashkirs
7219:Tubalars
7205:Chelkans
7199:Altaians
7020:in China
6852:Tahtacıs
6845:Muhacirs
6786:Turkmens
6444:Hurufism
6389:Tengrism
6338:Xinjiang
6293:Gagauzia
6142:Mongolia
6116:Turanism
6091:Kemalism
6079:Politics
6041:Kipchaks
6021:Göktürks
6016:Dughlats
5870:Bulgaria
5858:Abkhazia
5833:Turkmens
5816:Nağaybäk
5646:Bashkirs
5610:Tubalars
5594:Chelkans
5588:Altaians
5542:Cyrillic
5444:Pecheneg
5409:Krymchak
5314:Chagatai
5287:Southern
5282:Northern
4831:Belleten
4810:June 21,
4785:June 21,
4758:Belleten
4737:June 21,
4678:June 21,
4620:Budapest
4582:(1999).
4505:June 21,
4067:Wude era
3741:Печенези
3736:Pečenezi
3722:печенези
3702:печенеги
3693:პაჭანიკი
3688:Georgian
3652:Pecenegi
3648:Romanian
3638:بَجَنَكْ
3577:Kipchaks
3567:Kankalis
3522:Tonuzoba
3511:See also
3474:Bulgaria
3429:Slovakia
3425:Pečeňady
3402:Slovakia
3398:Pečenice
3331:Kunovice
3318:Bešenovo
3313:Slovakia
3309:Bešeňová
3304:Slovakia
3264:Besenyőd
2911:for the
2858:Bulgaria
2829:and the
2746:and the
2722:and the
2697:Samanids
2672:and the
2628:—
2460:Torkmens
2418:and the
2401:(or the
2335:—
2302:Aral Sea
2290:Tashkent
2027:Qap(ğ)an
1994:*Qaydum
1975:Χαρα-βοη
1906:*Bay-ča
1880:Location
1778:Language
1748:Kangheli
1744:Kang(ju)
1716:Baskakov
1627:Chagatai
1582:Turkmens
1539:Anatolia
1473:baja-naq
1461:ethnonym
1450:Pecenegi
1426:Pečenezi
1422:Pečenegi
1406:Pizenaci
1386:Georgian
1348:Ethnonym
1336:and the
1062:963–1186
1050:860–1091
1038:856–1335
1026:848–1036
994:840–1212
970:750–1055
946:743–1035
886:618–1048
813:Göktürks
788:Dingling
690:Tengrism
663:Krymchak
403:Kipchaks
340:Saragurs
263:Kipchaks
180:Pecheneg
149:889–1091
110:Tengrism
100:Religion
80:Anatolia
56:army of
18:Pecheneg
8072:Yüreğir
8050:Tak Han
8019:Gök Han
7994:Begdili
7968:Yaparlı
7963:Dodurga
7915:Gün Han
7860:Ottoman
7844:Iranian
7840:Afghani
7788:Mughals
7783:Hazaras
7733:Utigurs
7708:Türgesh
7683:Onogurs
7657:Nushibi
7652:Naimans
7613:Khazars
7603:Karluks
7558:Chigils
7553:Bulgars
7538:Barsils
7476:Europe
7455:Ansarlu
7401:Khotons
7359:Teleuts
7252:Dolgans
7247:Chuvash
7242:Chulyms
7227:Balkars
7171:Qashqai
7156:Khalajs
7134:in Iran
7076:Uyghurs
6799:Ansarlu
6710:Kazakhs
6624:Peoples
6521:Chovgan
6501:Kyz kuu
6414:Alevism
6351:Studies
6147:History
6130:Origins
6061:Türgesh
6031:Khazars
6026:Karluks
6006:Bulgars
5981:(Sakha)
5959:Uyghurs
5938:Tunisia
5926:Romania
5906:Lebanon
5874:Croatia
5862:Algeria
5851:Turkish
5843:Iranian
5828:Tofalar
5800:Chinese
5761:Qashqai
5746:Naimans
5691:Kazakhs
5671:Dolgans
5656:Chuvash
5651:Chulyms
5641:Balkars
5633:Georgia
5629:Armenia
5606:Teleuts
5583:Afshars
5575:Peoples
5552:Persian
5489:Turkmen
5484:Turkish
5449:Qashqai
5404:Kipchak
5324:Chuvash
5304:Bashkir
5136:format.
3991:Györffy
3709::
3656:Russian
3643:Bäčänäk
3625:Turkish
3572:Khazars
3500:c. 990s
3494:c. 980s
3488:c. 970s
3480:Leaders
3465:Hungary
3456:Austria
3389:Peçenek
3384:Romania
3375:Ukraine
3366:Hungary
3362:Gödöllő
3353:Hungary
3340:Biçənək
3327:Beščeně
3300:Bešeňov
3286:Hungary
3277:Hungary
3268:Hungary
3259:Hungary
3218:Besenyö
3164:FATIMID
3128:DYNASTY
3093:WESTERN
3016:Kyrgyzs
2953:KHANATE
2870:Moglena
2803:chalice
2801:made a
2720:Etelköz
2709:Dnieper
2701:Khazars
2693:Karluks
2674:Magyars
2539:Khazars
2531:Gardizi
2500:Karluks
2472:Ishmael
2424:Uyghurs
2391:Onogurs
2325:Hungary
2306:Kangars
2275:History
2169:qorqut-
2123:küğerči
2119:küverči
2108:wealthy
2014:*Qosta
1991:Καϊδούμ
1926:*Küğel
1903:Βαϊτζαν
1877:Meaning
1833:Oghuzes
1829:Khazars
1758:saw in
1736:Wang Pu
1700:Kipchak
1595:Kangars
1578:bechene
1568:of the
1550:Oghuzes
1527:the Rum
1508:bacanak
1504:Turkish
1496:Turkmen
1485:bacanaq
1477:bajinaq
1446:Besenyő
1430:Pečeneg
1410:Bisseni
1370:Persian
1362:Bajanak
982:756–940
958:744–840
934:699–766
922:665-850
910:659–750
898:628–646
863:682–744
855:581–650
834:581–657
826:552–581
591:Qasgqai
582:Chuvash
573:Bashkir
546:Turkmen
501:Turkish
457:Dolgans
421:Uyghurs
385:Karluks
358:Bulgars
349:Utigurs
322:Onogurs
186:History
170:Khanate
8093:Büğdüz
8041:Chepni
7999:Kargın
7984:Afshar
7946:Ay Han
7856:Syrian
7778:Abdals
7771:Others
7758:Yabaku
7748:Yueban
7698:Shatuo
7688:Sabirs
7647:Merkit
7598:Kangly
7588:Esegel
7568:Cumans
7548:Bulaqs
7533:Basmyl
7497:Gagauz
7447:Timuri
7441:Aimaqs
7436:Afshar
7383:Yakuts
7369:Tuvans
7301:Tatars
7296:Soyots
7286:Nogais
7281:Kumyks
7268:Koibal
7262:Khakas
7192:Russia
7146:Afshar
7090:Yugurs
7004:Uzbeks
6859:Yörüks
6741:Kyrgyz
6511:Kokpar
6506:Jereed
6469:Rifaʽi
6459:Qadiri
6288:Crimea
6245:Turkey
6195:Otuken
6056:Shatuo
6046:K'o-sa
6011:Cumans
6001:Bulaqs
5985:Yugurs
5979:Yakuts
5964:Uzbeks
5954:Tuvans
5930:Serbia
5902:Kosovo
5898:Israel
5882:Cyprus
5839:Afghan
5812:Mishar
5790:Tatars
5751:Nogais
5741:Kumyks
5726:Kyrgyz
5711:Khalaj
5706:Khakas
5676:Gagauz
5504:Uyghur
5424:Kyrgyz
5394:Khazar
5389:Khalaj
5384:Khakas
5379:Kazakh
5364:Karaim
5349:Gagauz
5339:Dolgan
5319:Chulym
5309:Bulgar
5272:Afshar
5257:topics
5255:Turkic
5163:
5100:
5081:
5062:
5030:
5011:
4979:
4960:
4941:
4918:
4895:
4880:
4851:
4778:
4592:
4562:
4523:
4069:, the
3976:
3690::
3557:Cumans
3498:Kuchug
3492:Metiga
3447:Poland
3438:Poland
3411:Serbia
3393:Turkey
3322:Serbia
3295:Serbia
3282:Besnyő
3177:EMPIRE
3117:YABGUS
3106:EMPIRE
3084:BUYIDS
3075:SHAHIS
3064:EMPIRE
3053:KHOTAN
2996:Kimeks
2973:KIEVAN
2963:Cumans
2935:Andria
2924:Norman
2886:Danube
2843:Danube
2827:Cumans
2825:: the
2807:steppe
2744:Europe
2705:Cumans
2691:, and
2689:Kimeks
2681:Turkic
2592:Donets
2585:Donets
2575:, and
2569:Burtas
2535:Cumans
2508:Kimaks
2498:. The
2466:, and
2450:Muslim
2292:. The
2207:Kajdan
2203:qaðıt-
2199:qayıt-
2146:قاپو
2038:*Yazı
2011:Κώσταν
1845:Ligeti
1841:Németh
1837:Golden
1756:Menges
1752:Kangly
1732:Kangly
1728:Kangar
1724:Kangju
1708:Ligeti
1704:Németh
1680:Spinei
1653:(kank)
1635:Gaoche
1611:kangir
1609:words
1607:Kyrgyz
1492:: baja
1489:Kyrgyz
1366:Arabic
1358:Bjanak
1334:Europe
1322:Turkic
654:Karaim
645:Gagauz
564:Kyrgyz
537:Uyghur
528:Kazakh
448:Yakuts
439:Kumyks
430:Tatars
189:
166:Status
132:Cumans
126:Other
8103:Qiniq
8088:Iğdır
8062:Eymür
8057:Salur
7989:Qiziq
7958:Döger
7953:Yazır
7927:Bayat
7852:Iraqi
7753:Yagma
7718:Torks
7713:Tuhsi
7703:Tiele
7618:Kimek
7578:Duolu
7411:Dukha
7291:Shors
7123:Urums
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