421:
contaminated by deception, fantasy, garbled speech, etc. A major vulnerability they produce in the subject is a tendency to believe he has revealed more than he has. It is possible, however, for both normal individuals and psychopaths to resist drug interrogation; it seems likely that any individual who can withstand ordinary intensive interrogation can hold out in narcosis. The best aid to a defense against narco-interrogation is foreknowledge of the process and its limitations. There is an acute need for controlled experimental studies of drug reaction, not only to depressants but also to stimulants and to combinations of depressants, stimulants, and ataraxics.
38:
491:, stated, with respect to the Holmes case, that use of a "truth drug" as proposed, "to ascertain the veracity of a defendant's plea of insanity... would provoke intense legal argument relating to Holmes's right to remain silent under the fifth amendment of the US constitution." Discussing possible effectiveness of such an examination, psychiatrist August Piper stated that "amytal's inhibition-lowering effects in no way prompt the subject to offer up true statements or memories."
484:. Judge William Sylvester ruled that prosecutors would be allowed to interrogate Holmes "under the influence of a medical drug designed to loosen him up and get him to talk", such as sodium amytal, if he filed an insanity plea. The hope was that a 'narcoanalytic interview' could confirm whether or not he had been legally insane on 20 July, the date of the shootings. It is not known whether such an examination was carried out.
312:
minutes after intake. Most importantly, a person who would be given, consecutively, two parts of the drug, i.e. both the "dote" and "antidote", would have no recollection of what had occurred in between and feel afterward as though he had suddenly fallen asleep, the preferable way to administer the "dote" being in an alcoholic drink, as that would serve as a plausible explanation of the sudden onset of drowsiness.
84:
have been found to be suggestible and their memories subject to reconstruction and fabrication. When such drugs have been used in the course of investigating civil and criminal cases, they have not been accepted by
Western legal systems and legal experts as genuine investigative tools. In the United States, it has been suggested that their use is a potential violation of the
143:
435:, that confessions produced as a result of ingestion of truth serum were "unconstitutionally coerced" and therefore inadmissible. The viability of forensic evidence produced from truth sera has been addressed in lower courts – judges and expert witnesses have generally agreed that they are not reliable for lie detection.
261:
to seek more information from
Krishna and also determine his credibility as a witness with key information, yet not known to the investigating authorities. Per unverified various media sources, Krishna had purported to have deemed Hemraj (the prime suspect) as not guilty of Aarushi's murder, claiming
311:
and Second
Directorates of the KGB had used, in exceptional cases and mostly on foreign citizens, a soluble odourless, colourless and tasteless substance code-named SP-117, an improved successor to similar drugs used by the KGB prior, that was effective in making a subject lose control of oneself 15
83:
Although a variety of such substances have been tested, serious issues have been raised about their use scientifically, ethically and legally. There is currently no drug proven to cause consistent or predictable enhancement of truth-telling. Subjects questioned under the influence of such substances
420:
The salient points that emerge from this discussion are the following. No such magic brew as the popular notion of truth serum exists. The barbiturates, by disrupting defensive patterns, may sometimes be helpful in interrogation, but even under the best conditions they will elicit an output
366:
jail. Both men were believed to be guilty, both denied guilt under scopolamine, and both were eventually acquitted. In 1926, the use of scopolamine was rejected in a court case, by Judge Robert Walker
Franklin, who questioned both its scientific origin, and the uncertainty of its effect.
959:
A PubMed search using the MeSH term 'narcotherapy' gives just two articles in the last ten years. There are no randomised control studies - the scientific standard - to demonstrate the reproducibility of results obtained by narcoanalysis for information gathering, abreaction, or lie
253:
terrorist group. On 3 May 2010, Kasab was found guilty of 80 offences, including murder, waging war against India, possessing explosives, and other charges. On 6 May 2010, the same trial court sentenced him to death on four counts and to a life sentence on five counts.
273:
tests were to be allowed with the consent of the accused. The judge stated: "We are of the considered opinion that no individual can be forced and subjected to such techniques involuntarily, and by doing so it amounts to unwarranted intrusion of personal liberty."
894:
A PubMed search found 26 references from 1997 to 2001 (or 5.2 publications per year), but in less than five years (2002 to July 2006) the number has more than tripled to 83 or 16.6 publications per year. Many of these are randomised controlled
357:
was promoted by obstetrician Robert Ernest House as an advance that would prevent false convictions, beginning in 1922. He had noted that women in childbirth who were given scopolamine could answer questions accurately even while in a state of
285:, a mother of three cubs, was found dead as a result of being hit by a vehicle. A Special Task Force requested the narcoanalysis testing of four persons, one of whom refused to consent on grounds of potential post-test complications.
398:, there were also issues of suggestibility and interviewer influence. Cases involving scopolamine resulted in a mixture of testimonies both for and against those suspected, at times directly contradicting each other.
1046:
The almost total absence of controlled experimental studies of "truth" drugs and the spotty and anecdotal nature of psychiatric and police evidence require that extrapolations to intelligence operations be made with
362:, and were oftentimes "exceedingly candid" in their remarks. House proposed that scopolamine could be used when interrogating suspected criminals. He even arranged to administer scopolamine to prisoners in the
1176:
1515: (The Supreme Court of New Jersey 1989) ("Three experts ... agreed that sodium-amytal-induced interviews are not considered scientifically reliable for the purpose of ascertaining "truth."").
1441:"Final report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate: together with additional, supplemental, and separate views"
928:
It is true that the number of research publications on lie detection has tripled during 2002-2006. But no material has been produced that can be described as randomised controlled trials.
52:" is a colloquial name for any of a range of psychoactive drugs used in an effort to obtain information from subjects who are unable or unwilling to provide it otherwise. These include
105:
498:
Scott
Linfield noted, as per Piper, that "there's good reason to believe that truth serums merely lower the threshold for reporting virtually all information, both true and false."
134:. Reliability and suggestibility of patients are concerns, and the practice of chemically inducing an involuntary mental state is now widely considered to be a form of torture.
1030:
455:
85:
1180:
1202:
1059:
1512:
439:
100:
arguing that use of a truth serum could be considered a violation of a human right to be free from degrading treatment, or could be considered a form of
281:, Madhya Pradesh High Court permitted narcoanalysis in the investigation of a killing of a tiger that occurred in May 2010. The Jhurjhura Tigress at
1248:
1319:
973:
1403:
1374:
1275:
324:
1077:
1348:
1158:
340:
1345:
857:
698:
327:(SVR) officer, Alexander Kouzminov, who quit the service in the early 1990s, the officers of SVR′s Directorate S, which runs SVR's "
1419:
1122:
906:
880:
315:
Other reports state that SP-117 was just a form of concentrated alcohol meant to be added to alcoholic drinks such as champagne.
265:
On May 5, 2010 the
Supreme Court Judge Balasubramaniam in the case "Smt. Selvi vs. State of Karnataka" held that narcoanalysis,
1607:
1013:
901:
230:
473:
97:
722:
1462:
258:
233:
has used intravenous barbiturates for interrogation, often in high-profile cases. One such case was the interrogation of
1669:
644:
567:
477:
371:
1550:
1206:
257:
The
Central Bureau of Investigation also conducted this test on Krishna, a key witness and suspect in the high-profile
1649:
1620:
1359:
1026:
405:
1578:
942:
404:
was also considered as a possible truth serum, but found unreliable. During the 1950s and 1960s, the United States
331:", primarily used the drug to verify fidelity and trustworthiness of their agents who operated overseas, such as
282:
169:
61:
416:, which involved illegal use of truth drugs including LSD. A CIA report from 1961, released in 1993, concludes:
488:
875:
606:
37:
1338:
Biological
Espionage: Special Operations of the Soviet and Russian Foreign Intelligence Services in the West
522:
308:
1664:
1524:
1129:
1095:
1098:
initially denied that Kasab was a
Pakistani citizen, but, in January 2009, it confirmed his citizenship.
994:
Given the nature of narcoanalysis, it is not possible to get volunteers to facilitate controlled studies.
1659:
1301:
752:
507:
462:
354:
165:
57:
454:, to be administered sodium pentothal before being questioned about his knowledge regarding an alleged
1440:
1364:
981:
363:
336:
1467:
458:. Russo would later describe "his conditioning by the DA's office as a complete brainwashing job."
238:
1654:
1081:
426:
328:
204:
While there have been many clinical studies of the efficacy of narcoanalysis in interrogation or
849:
662:
1399:
1370:
1341:
915:
853:
694:
688:
189:
131:
89:
73:
41:
1560:
809:
542:
481:
431:
332:
246:
213:
209:
93:
31:
1220:
1162:
547:
537:
532:
512:
413:
409:
250:
173:
1133:
842:
391:
359:
127:
1643:
1392:
1305:
837:
394:: subjects became more talkative but that did not mean they were more truthful. Like
295:
270:
242:
205:
181:
69:
923:
782:
Tollefson GD: The amobarbital interview in the differential diagnosis of catatonia.
466:
447:
387:
304:
185:
17:
1394:
Acid dreams: the complete social history of LSD: the CIA, the sixties, and beyond
346:
was drugged with the same substance by FSB agents during his kidnapping in 2004.
1555:
451:
443:
379:
343:
234:
193:
146:
120:
77:
1627:
1536:
116:
1225:
690:
Bringing
International Fugitives to Justice Extradition and its Alternatives
645:"Judge approves use of 'truth serum' on accused Aurora shooter James Holmes"
527:
517:
383:
375:
266:
177:
112:
65:
919:
1100:
876:"Medical professionals and interrogation: lies about finding the 'truth'"
395:
157:
153:
123:
390:. They concluded that the effects were not much different from those of
142:
278:
161:
101:
53:
769:
Naples M, Hackett TP: The amytal interview: history and current uses.
216:, that would meet scientific standards for determining effectiveness.
1320:"Russia's Lab X: poison factory that helped silence Soviets' critics"
307:, published an article that said that since the end of the 1980s the
1420:"One of the Most Shocking CIA Programs of All Time: Project MKUltra"
889:
130:" or "narcoanalysis". Such application was first documented by Dr.
141:
36:
1367:: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB
149:, one of the chemical compounds that can be used as a truth serum
472:
More recently, a judge approved the use of narcoanalysis in the
1060:"Mumbai attacks: Militant kept in underwear to prevent suicide"
795:
Bleckwenn WJ: Production of sleep and rest in psychotic cases.
487:
William Shepherd, chair of the criminal justice section of the
1632:
401:
300:
119:. In a therapeutic context, the controlled administration of
872:
There is some controversy to this point; see IJME debate in
693:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–297.
461:
In 1995, during the search for evidence that could acquit
1537:
Memo by Edward F. Wegmann of interview with Perry Russo
408:(CIA) carried out a number of investigations including
111:"Truth serum" was previously used in the management of
106:
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
237:, the only terrorist captured alive by police in the
1551:"Judge OKs medication for Colorado shooting suspect"
1179:. Bangalore Mirror. 29 November 2008. Archived from
208:, there is dispute whether any of them qualify as a
1398:(Rev. Evergreen ed.). New York: Grove Press.
1391:
841:
848:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp.
192:(commonly known by the brand name Pentothal) and
1249:"No narcoanalysis test without consent, says SC"
638:
636:
634:
632:
418:
172:, potent short or intermediate acting hypnotic
1579:"James Holmes and the ethics of "truth serum""
96:). Concerns have also been raised through the
1549:P. Solomon Banda; Dan Elliott (11 Mar 2013).
943:"Narcoanalysis - spies, lies and truth serum"
727:Ame Rican University International Law Review
262:he "treated Aarushi like his own daughter".
160:that alter higher cognitive function include
104:. It has been noted to be a violation of the
8:
1628:Informal demonstration of thiopental (video)
1572:
1570:
1161:. Zee News. 29 November 2008. Archived from
1103:. Dawn (Pakistani Newspaper). 8 January 2009
568:"Some Believe 'Truth Serums' Will Come Back"
1463:"Some Believe 'Truth Serums Will Come Back"
438:In 1967, during his investigation into the
184:, and various short and ultra-short acting
1297:
1295:
1203:"Bombay HC upholds Kasab's death sentence"
1078:"Exclusive: The Kasab Confession Part - 1"
1007:
1005:
1003:
980:. Vol. 24, no. 9. Archived from
440:assassination of President John F. Kennedy
832:
830:
1159:"Planned 9/11 at Taj: Caught Terrorist"
1123:"CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.1899-1900 OF 2011"
753:"The Legal Prohibition Against Torture"
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
558:
1390:Lee, Martin A.; Shlain, Bruce (1992).
1385:
1383:
1221:"Kasab waged war against India: court"
902:"Misconceptions about narco analysis"
7:
1617:Center for the Study of Intelligence
1023:Center for the Study of Intelligence
844:Memory fragments of a modern history
1577:Lennard, Natasha (March 13, 2013).
1276:"Narco test report throws up zilch"
974:"Narcoanalysis and some hard facts"
914:(1). Mumbai: 7–8, discussion 10–1.
374:(OSS) experimented with the use of
196:(formerly known as sodium amytal).
1229:. Chennai, India. 22 February 2011
997:Indirecy quotation from B.M. Mohan
941:Misquitta, Neville (28 Feb 2011).
480:'s state of mind was valid for an
25:
1619:(Technical report). Vol. 5.
1461:Brown, David (20 November 2006).
1025:(Technical report). Vol. 5.
566:Brown, David (20 November 2006).
1132:. 29 August 2012. Archived from
1084:from the original on 2021-12-11.
907:Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
888:(4). Mumbai: 116. Archived from
881:Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
663:"Annotation 9 - Fifth Amendment"
643:Pilkington, Ed (12 March 2013).
465:, his defense attorney employed
1101:"Ajmal's Nationality Confirmed"
1036:from the original on 2021-03-20
386:as possible truth drugs during
259:2008 Aarushi-Hemraj Murder Case
231:Central Bureau of Investigation
1609:"Truth" Drugs in Interrogation
1369:. New York: Free Press, 2007.
1274:P. Naveen (October 23, 2012).
1015:"Truth" Drugs in Interrogation
947:Psychiatry and Society in Pune
474:2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting
450:arranged for his key witness,
341:Russian presidential candidate
98:European Court of Human Rights
1:
972:Lakshman, Sriram (May 2007).
900:Jesani, Amar (Jan–Mar 2007).
874:Jesani, Amar (Oct–Dec 2006).
249:militant and a member of the
372:Office of Strategic Services
325:Foreign Intelligence Service
115:patients in the practice of
406:Central Intelligence Agency
1686:
1205:. IBN Live. Archived from
476:trial to evaluate whether
138:Active chemical substances
29:
27:Class of psychoactive drug
1340:, Greenhill Books, 2006,
723:"Is Truth Serum Torture?"
721:Keller, Linda M. (2005).
687:Sadoff, David A. (2016).
323:According to the Russian
283:Bandhavgarh National Park
170:3-quinuclidinyl benzilate
62:3-quinuclidinyl benzilate
1525:JFK Assassination System
489:American Bar Association
1496:, 372 U.S. 293, 307-308
1362:and Marina Litvinenko.
1177:"Please give me saline"
814:Encyclopedia of Surgery
607:"Stranger than fiction"
523:Pharmacological torture
126:medications is called "
44:, marketed as Pentothal
1130:Supreme Court of India
1096:government of Pakistan
797:Arch Neurol Psychiatry
423:
150:
94:right to remain silent
45:
1494:Sain, Sheriff, et al.
508:Human experimentation
463:Andres English-Howard
145:
40:
1513:116 N.J. 580
1365:Death of a Dissident
1336:Alexander Kouzminov
1302:РЫБКИНУ ДАЛИ СП-117?
1165:on 25 December 2008.
605:Rinde, Meir (2015).
337:Alexander Litvinenko
299:, with reference to
1670:Human rights abuses
1539:, January 27, 1971.
1468:The Washington Post
1309:, 15 February 2004.
1064:The Daily Telegraph
910:(Editorial reply).
572:The Washington Post
1650:Psychopharmacology
1606:Bimmerle, George.
1253:The Times Of India
1139:on 18 January 2013
1066:. 8 December 2008.
1012:Bimmerle, George.
799:1930; 24: 365–375.
786:1982; 23: 437–438.
757:Human Rights Watch
478:James Eagan Holmes
446:District Attorney
427:U.S. Supreme Court
370:The United States
319:Russian Federation
151:
46:
18:Hyoscine-pentothal
1636:, 4 October 2013.
1405:978-0-8021-3062-4
1375:978-1-4165-5165-2
939:A simple search:
773:1978; 19: 98–105.
190:sodium thiopental
132:William Bleckwenn
90:U.S. Constitution
74:sodium thiopental
42:Sodium thiopental
16:(Redirected from
1677:
1624:
1614:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1505:See for example
1503:
1497:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1387:
1378:
1357:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1020:
1009:
998:
996:
991:
989:
969:
963:
962:
956:
954:
937:
931:
930:
922:. Archived from
897:
870:
864:
863:
847:
834:
825:
824:
822:
820:
806:
800:
793:
787:
780:
774:
771:Psychosomatics01
767:
761:
760:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
659:
653:
652:
640:
627:
626:
624:
622:
602:
583:
582:
580:
578:
563:
543:Project Bluebird
497:
493:Psychology Today
432:Townsend v. Sain
333:Vitaly Yurchenko
214:controlled study
80:, among others.
32:Truth Serum (EP)
30:For the EP, see
21:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1640:
1639:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1358:
1354:
1335:
1331:
1326:. 9 March 2018.
1318:
1317:
1313:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1183:on 2 March 2009
1175:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1001:
987:
985:
971:
970:
966:
952:
950:
940:
938:
934:
926:on 2013-07-30.
899:
892:on 2009-06-11.
873:
871:
867:
860:
836:
835:
828:
818:
816:
808:
807:
803:
794:
790:
781:
777:
768:
764:
759:. June 1, 2004.
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
701:
686:
685:
681:
671:
669:
661:
660:
656:
642:
641:
630:
620:
618:
604:
603:
586:
576:
574:
565:
564:
560:
556:
548:In vino veritas
538:Project Chatter
533:Project MKUltra
513:Microexpression
504:
495:
414:Project MKDELTA
410:Project MKUltra
352:
335:. According to
321:
291:
251:Lashkar-e-Taiba
227:
222:
202:
174:benzodiazepines
140:
86:Fifth Amendment
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1601:
1600:External links
1598:
1596:
1595:
1566:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1508:State v. Pitts
1498:
1482:
1453:
1432:
1411:
1404:
1379:
1352:
1329:
1311:
1291:
1280:Times of India
1266:
1240:
1212:
1209:on 2011-02-22.
1194:
1168:
1150:
1114:
1087:
1069:
1051:
999:
964:
932:
865:
858:
838:Winter, Alison
826:
810:"Barbiturates"
801:
788:
784:Psychosomatics
775:
762:
744:
713:
699:
679:
654:
628:
584:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
503:
500:
360:twilight sleep
351:
348:
320:
317:
290:
287:
245:. Kasab was a
226:
223:
221:
220:Use by country
218:
201:
198:
139:
136:
128:narcosynthesis
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1682:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Lie detection
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:Alex Goldfarb
1356:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:1-85367-646-2
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1306:Novaya Gazeta
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1255:. May 5, 2010
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
984:on 2013-03-13
983:
979:
975:
968:
965:
961:
948:
944:
936:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
896:
891:
887:
884:(Editorial).
883:
882:
877:
869:
866:
861:
859:9780226902609
855:
851:
846:
845:
839:
833:
831:
827:
815:
811:
805:
802:
798:
792:
789:
785:
779:
776:
772:
766:
763:
758:
754:
748:
745:
732:
728:
724:
717:
714:
702:
700:9781107129283
696:
692:
691:
683:
680:
668:
664:
658:
655:
650:
646:
639:
637:
635:
633:
629:
616:
612:
611:Distillations
608:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
585:
573:
569:
562:
559:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
501:
499:
494:
490:
485:
483:
482:insanity plea
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
433:
428:
425:In 1963, the
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
365:
364:Dallas County
361:
356:
350:United States
349:
347:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
296:Novaya Gazeta
288:
286:
284:
280:
275:
272:
271:brain mapping
268:
263:
260:
255:
252:
248:
244:
243:Mumbai, India
240:
236:
232:
224:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
206:lie detection
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:flunitrazepam
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
148:
144:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
79:
75:
71:
70:flunitrazepam
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
33:
19:
1660:Drug culture
1631:
1616:
1608:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:
1554:
1544:
1532:
1527:Archives.gov
1520:
1507:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1466:
1456:
1445:. Retrieved
1435:
1424:. Retrieved
1422:. 2013-09-23
1414:
1393:
1363:
1355:
1337:
1332:
1324:the Guardian
1323:
1314:
1304:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1252:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1224:
1215:
1207:the original
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
1171:
1163:the original
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1134:the original
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1090:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1038:. Retrieved
1022:
1014:
993:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
977:
967:
958:
951:. Retrieved
946:
935:
927:
924:the original
911:
905:
893:
890:the original
885:
879:
868:
843:
817:. Retrieved
813:
804:
796:
791:
783:
778:
770:
765:
756:
747:
735:. Retrieved
733:(3): 521–612
730:
726:
716:
704:. Retrieved
689:
682:
670:. Retrieved
666:
657:
649:The Guardian
648:
619:. Retrieved
614:
610:
575:. Retrieved
571:
561:
492:
486:
471:
467:methohexital
460:
448:Jim Garrison
437:
430:
424:
419:
400:
388:World War II
369:
353:
322:
314:
305:Oleg Kalugin
294:
292:
276:
264:
256:
239:2008 attacks
228:
203:
188:, including
186:barbiturates
152:
110:
82:
49:
47:
1556:Yahoo! News
1233:22 February
452:Perry Russo
444:New Orleans
380:scopolamine
355:Scopolamine
344:Ivan Rybkin
235:Ajmal Kasab
200:Reliability
194:amobarbital
166:scopolamine
147:Amobarbital
121:intravenous
78:amobarbital
58:scopolamine
50:Truth serum
1644:Categories
1447:2014-07-17
1426:2016-08-18
1285:2020-01-22
1187:8 February
1143:6 February
1107:31 January
960:detection.
617:(4): 16–23
554:References
456:conspiracy
429:ruled, in
210:randomized
117:psychiatry
1655:Deception
1588:4 January
1475:4 January
1226:The Hindu
978:Frontline
819:4 January
737:3 January
706:3 January
672:4 January
577:4 January
528:Polygraph
518:Narcotics
384:marijuana
376:mescaline
293:In 2004,
267:polygraph
247:Pakistani
178:midazolam
158:hypnotics
154:Sedatives
113:psychotic
66:midazolam
1490:Townsend
1082:Archived
1040:20 March
1031:Archived
920:18630211
840:(2012).
667:Find.Law
621:22 March
502:See also
396:hypnosis
329:illegals
303:General
229:India's
176:such as
124:hypnotic
1259:May 18,
895:trials.
392:alcohol
279:Gujarat
162:ethanol
102:torture
88:of the
54:ethanol
1511:,
1443:. 1976
1402:
1373:
1344:
988:12 Mar
953:12 Mar
949:(blog)
918:
856:
697:
496:'s
382:, and
76:, and
1613:(PDF)
1583:Salon
1471:. A08
1137:(PDF)
1126:(PDF)
1047:care.
1034:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
309:First
225:India
92:(the
1590:2017
1477:2017
1400:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1261:2012
1235:2011
1189:2014
1145:2013
1109:2012
1094:The
1042:2021
990:2013
955:2013
916:PMID
898:and
854:ISBN
821:2017
739:2017
708:2017
695:ISBN
674:2017
623:2018
579:2017
412:and
289:USSR
269:and
1633:BBC
1621:CIA
1492:v.
1027:CIA
852:-.
402:LSD
301:KGB
277:In
241:in
156:or
1646::
1630:,
1615:.
1581:.
1569:^
1561:AP
1559:.
1553:.
1465:.
1382:^
1322:.
1294:^
1278:.
1251:.
1223:.
1128:.
1080:.
1062:.
1044:.
1029:.
1021:.
1002:^
992:.
976:.
957:.
945:.
904:.
878:.
850:33
829:^
812:.
755:.
731:20
729:.
725:.
665:.
647:.
631:^
613:.
609:.
587:^
570:.
469:.
442:,
378:,
339:,
212:,
180:,
168:,
164:,
108:.
72:,
68:,
64:,
60:,
56:,
1623:.
1592:.
1563:.
1479:.
1450:.
1429:.
1408:.
1377:.
1350:.
1288:.
1263:.
1237:.
1191:.
1147:.
1111:.
912:4
886:3
862:.
823:.
741:.
710:.
676:.
651:.
625:.
615:1
581:.
48:"
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
