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typically slightly larger than males. The body is slender, the legs are long, with the heel extending to the level of the eye. It is very similar in appearance to the squirrel tree frog but it can be distinguished from that species by the series of yellow, orange, or white dots that can be seen on the back of the thigh when the hind leg is extended. The toes have large toe pads but little webbing. Their distinctive call can be heard between April and
October; it is a series of
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61:
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tails, smaller overall body size, and increased orange fin coloration and black tail outline. However, low food resources may inhibit the development of this induced morphology as it is energetically costly. The species has a distinct call, characterized by long trains of pulses repeating at a highly irregular rate of 6 to 12 pulses per second.
346:
at about two months old. There is evidence that suggests they can produce a second clutch in the same reproductive season allowing for two sets of eggs. Pine woods treefrog tadpoles may exhibit predator-induced phenotypic plasticity. Tadpoles exposed to predators develop deeper and shorter bodies and
312:
The pine woods tree frog is found in the southeastern United States on the plains of the
Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, its range extending from Virginia to Louisiana as well as south through peninsular Florida to Naples and Fort Lauderdale (but not in the Everglades). Disjunct inland populations occur in
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The pine woods tree frog is a very small species, growing to a length of 25 to 38 mm (0.98 to 1.50 in). The color varies, sometimes being mottled brownish-gray, deep reddish-brown, gray, or grayish-green, usually with dark markings on its back. Sexual dimorphism is present where females are
337:
The pine woods tree frog mainly eats insects. Breeding takes place at any time between March and
October. The male calls, especially at dusk, from locations close to water, such as trees, bushes, and inside clumps of vegetation. The female lays 800 to 2,000 eggs in clusters of 100 eggs no more than
286:
Like many amphibian species' tadpoles, those of the pinewoods tree frog are susceptible to parasitic infection by trematode flatworms. However, tadpoles swim in a manner that does not necessarily reduce the intensity of infection, but reduces the likelihood of these parasites infecting in the head
363:. Its large population is believed to be stable, and it is common over much of its wide range. Although this species is listed as least concern, respecting and protecting its habitat is still a priority. This idea is relevant because research suggests that
274:
Pine woods tree frogs lay eggs in ephemeral water bodies. Eggs generally hatch within 24 hours, and tadpoles metamorphose into baby froglets after 50–75 days at 11–15 mm in length. Tadpoles are remarkably variable; similar to the
367:
is more sensitive to environmental and habitat change than other species of tree frogs. Therefore, environmental changes significantly affect the ability of this species to remain successful.
785:
McCoy, Earl D., Pablo R. Delis, and Henry R. Mushinsky. "The importance of determining species sensitivity to environmental change: a tree frog example." Ecosphere 12.5 (2021): e03526.
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McCoy, E. D., Delis, P. R., & Mushinsky, H. R. (2021). The importance of determining species sensitivity to environmental change: a tree frog example. Ecosphere, 12(5), e03526.
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944:
771:
Merrick, Jessica; Gerhardt, Carl (2014). "Dynamic
Signalling Strategies in the Pine Woods Treefrog (Hyla Femoralis): Social Correlates of signal plasticity".
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611:"Natural Hybrids of the Pine Barrens Treefrog, Hyla andersonii with H. cinerea and H. femoralis (Anura, Hylidae): Morphological and Chromosomal Evidence"
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and body region; instead, their swimming behavior shunts parasites to the tail area, where infection by parasites causes fewer harmful effects.
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360:
440:
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710:"Predator induced phenotypic plasticity in the pinewoods tree frog, Hyla femoralis: necessary cues and the cost of development"
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Goldberg, S.R. (2021). "Notes on
Reproduction of Pine Woods Treefrogs, Dryophytes femoralis (Anura: Hylidae), from Virginia".
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central
Alabama and east-central Mississippi.It climbs high in trees, but also sometimes descends to ground level and favors
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swamps. During droughts or cold weather, it hides in or under rotten logs or in moist crevices in trees.
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283:), the presence or absence of dragonfly larvae (a predator) induces a dramatic, red-colored tail.
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Pinewoods tree frog tadpole with red tail induced by the presence of predators (dragonfly larvae).
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2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.18 in) below the water, which may be a ditch or temporary pool. The
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is unique in that the advertisement signals of individuals are highly plastic.
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Amphibian
Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0
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LaFiandra, Emily May; Babbitt, Kimberly J. (2004-02-01).
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sounds, giving it the nickname of "Morse code frog". D.
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Division of
Biological Sciences, University of Missouri
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Sears, Brittany F.; Snyder, P. W; Rohr, J. R. (2013).
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355:The pine woods tree frog is listed as being of "
418:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T55481A112713840.en
691:Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society
609:Anderson, Karen; Moler, Paul E. (1986-02-10).
655:Hoffman, Richard L. "Hyla femoralis." (1988).
566:Hoffman, Richard L. "Hyla femoralis." (1988).
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393:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017).
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342:are fully developed and ready to undergo
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670:www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com
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451:. American Museum of Natural History
1025:IUCN Red List least concern species
480:. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory
404:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
361:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
253:to the southeastern United States.
524:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
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666:"Virginia Herpetological Society"
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590:The Frogs and Toads of Georgia
1:
1035:Amphibians described in 1800
582:"Pine Woods Treefrog –
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734:10.1007/s00442-003-1412-3
439:Frost, Darrel R. (2015).
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81:Scientific classification
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499:"USGS Guide to Tadpoles"
308:Distribution and habitat
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474:"Pine Woods Treefrog (
411:: e.T55481A112713840.
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281:Dryophytes squirellus
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35:Pine woods tree frog
845:Dryophytes femoralis
397:Dryophytes femoralis
365:Dryophytes femoralis
238:Dryophytes femoralis
233:pine woods tree frog
190:Dryophytes femoralis
27:Species of amphibian
726:2004Oecol.138..350L
51:Conservation status
530:(1762): 20130759.
277:squirrel tree frog
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997:Open Tree of Life
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854:AmphibiaWeb
839:Wikispecies
424:17 November
257:Description
1030:Dryophytes
1019:Categories
675:2022-04-06
595:2012-09-25
504:2015-09-13
484:2012-09-25
371:References
323:turkey oak
159:Dryophytes
742:1432-1939
714:Oecologia
635:0045-8511
621:(1): 70.
359:" in the
319:savannahs
302:femoralis
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
976:2.106454
950:10196216
830:Q1056749
824:Wikidata
775:: 49-62.
750:14673637
554:23677349
340:tadpoles
298:staccato
207:Synonyms
144:Family:
128:Amphibia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
963:1095454
924:2427586
758:7818870
722:Bibcode
643:1444890
545:3673061
333:Biology
327:cypress
317:woods,
262:Tadpole
251:endemic
247:Hylidae
200:, 1800)
154:Genus:
148:Hylidae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
911:313535
885:207442
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615:Copeia
552:
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351:Status
222:, 1800
198:Daudin
989:81154
945:IRMNG
937:23872
898:3NCTX
754:S2CID
639:JSTOR
291:Adult
138:Anura
1002:3289
958:ITIS
919:GBIF
880:BOLD
746:PMID
738:ISSN
631:ISSN
619:1986
550:PMID
457:2015
426:2021
409:2017
315:pine
243:frog
231:The
220:Bosc
906:EoL
893:CoL
867:ASW
859:794
730:doi
718:138
623:doi
540:PMC
532:doi
528:280
413:doi
1021::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
