89:
Spores survive the intestinal tract of the rodents and are excreted in the fecal matter ready to germinate. During the evolutionary period of the false truffle it lost its mushroom cap shape and closed up to protect the spores from dryer or harsher conditions. As a result it lost the ability to discharge its spores, hence the need for animal spore distribution. It is thought that false truffles and truffles evolved to grow beneath the surface because of changing conditions on the surface. Because fungus is sensitive to moisture and temperature, it makes sense that one strategy of survival would be to go underground where the moisture content is more stable. The
401:
31:
98:
marbled like the true truffle, but instead most have a pulp-like interior. Some species have a black-and-white appearance or a brown color; other species have a white interior. The interior differs according to species. Although there are no known poisonous species of false truffle, many are unpalatable.
97:
All false truffles have a symbiotic mycorrhizal relationship with the trees and shrubs they coexist with: the trees give them sugars and they provide the trees with more water and nutrients. Whereas the interior of the true truffle is marbled and solid, the interior of the false truffle is mostly not
88:
The rodents exist in an almost symbiotic relationship with the false truffle. The false truffle depends on the rodents to help spread its spores as it does not have the ability to eject the spores themselves. The rodents are attracted to a scent produced by the false truffle and ingest the spores.
93:
also dramatically shortened because it no longer needed the length to help with spore dispersal; as a result, some species either lost the stipe or is still found inside the false truffles. Similar in appearance to true truffles, which are ascomycetes, false truffles are basidiomycetes. Different
442:
292:
115:
435:
471:
466:
428:
461:
81:. While rodents such as squirrels eat a wide variety of false truffle species, many are considered toxic (
371:
145:
39:
266:
160:
119:
400:
30:
202:
64:
194:
186:
176:
168:
90:
164:
412:
344:
123:
77:
319:
85:
species) or otherwise unpalatable and only a few are sought after as food for humans.
455:
408:
94:
false truffle lineage can be traced to agarics, russulas, boletes, and chanterelles.
206:
68:
372:"Truffle and False Truffle – Identification | Walter Reeves: The Georgia Gardener"
221:
17:
190:
144:
Bruns, Thomas D.; Robert Fogel; Thomas J. White; Jeffrey D. Palmer (1989).
198:
181:
72:
56:
241:
172:
60:
146:"Accelerated evolution of a false-truffle from a mushroom ancestor"
27:
Type of fungus with underground fruiting bodies resembling truffles
29:
116:"False_truffle | Define False_truffle at Dictionary.com"
416:
293:"Fungi Friday; False truffles (Elaphomyces muricatus)"
244:. North American Truffling Society. 2013-07-30
436:
8:
260:
258:
345:"#046: Mushroom Morphology: False Truffles"
443:
429:
180:
107:
320:"Index of /Truffle-Issue-08-articles"
7:
397:
395:
366:
364:
314:
312:
287:
285:
283:
242:"Frequently Asked Truffle Questions"
25:
269:. Puget Sound Mycological Society
399:
37:, a false truffle of the genus
1:
222:"Trufamania - false truffles"
415:. You can help Knowledge by
343:Roehl, Thomas (2014-07-18).
267:"Gastroid and Truffle Fungi"
265:Miller, Danny (2017-02-09).
220:Rodríguez, Antonio (2008).
488:
394:
35:Melanogaster tuberiformis
411:-related article is a
297:Forest floor narrative
122:. 2006. Archived from
44:
63:that has underground
33:
120:Princeton University
71:resembling the true
472:Basidiomycota stubs
467:Fungus common names
165:1989Natur.339..140B
349:Fungus Fact Friday
45:
424:
423:
159:(6220): 140–142.
16:(Redirected from
479:
445:
438:
431:
403:
396:
386:
385:
383:
382:
376:walterreeves.com
368:
359:
358:
356:
355:
340:
334:
333:
331:
330:
316:
307:
306:
304:
303:
289:
278:
277:
275:
274:
262:
253:
252:
250:
249:
238:
232:
231:
229:
228:
217:
211:
210:
184:
173:10.1038/339140a0
150:
141:
135:
134:
132:
131:
112:
21:
487:
486:
482:
481:
480:
478:
477:
476:
452:
451:
450:
449:
392:
390:
389:
380:
378:
370:
369:
362:
353:
351:
342:
341:
337:
328:
326:
318:
317:
310:
301:
299:
291:
290:
281:
272:
270:
264:
263:
256:
247:
245:
240:
239:
235:
226:
224:
219:
218:
214:
148:
143:
142:
138:
129:
127:
114:
113:
109:
104:
65:fruiting bodies
28:
23:
22:
18:Hymenogastrales
15:
12:
11:
5:
485:
483:
475:
474:
469:
464:
454:
453:
448:
447:
440:
433:
425:
422:
421:
404:
388:
387:
360:
335:
308:
279:
254:
233:
212:
136:
106:
105:
103:
100:
53:hymenogastrale
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
484:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:Basidiomycota
460:
459:
457:
446:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
426:
420:
418:
414:
410:
409:Basidiomycota
405:
402:
398:
393:
377:
373:
367:
365:
361:
350:
346:
339:
336:
325:
321:
315:
313:
309:
298:
294:
288:
286:
284:
280:
268:
261:
259:
255:
243:
237:
234:
223:
216:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
182:2027.42/62545
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
147:
140:
137:
126:on 2012-10-25
125:
121:
117:
111:
108:
101:
99:
95:
92:
86:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
67:that produce
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:false truffle
42:
41:
36:
32:
19:
417:expanding it
406:
391:
379:. Retrieved
375:
352:. Retrieved
348:
338:
327:. Retrieved
324:fungimag.com
323:
300:. Retrieved
296:
271:. Retrieved
246:. Retrieved
236:
225:. Retrieved
215:
156:
152:
139:
128:. Retrieved
124:the original
110:
96:
87:
82:
76:
69:basidiocarps
52:
48:
46:
40:Melanogaster
38:
34:
83:Scleroderma
456:Categories
381:2020-04-25
354:2020-04-25
329:2020-04-25
302:2020-04-25
273:2017-04-06
248:2017-04-06
227:2017-04-06
130:2017-04-06
102:References
191:0028-0836
75:of genus
73:truffles
207:4312286
199:2716834
161:Bibcode
57:species
55:is any
205:
197:
189:
153:Nature
61:fungus
407:This
203:S2CID
149:(PDF)
91:stipe
78:Tuber
51:or a
413:stub
195:PMID
187:ISSN
177:hdl
169:doi
157:339
59:of
458::
374:.
363:^
347:.
322:.
311:^
295:.
282:^
257:^
201:.
193:.
185:.
175:.
167:.
155:.
151:.
118:.
47:A
444:e
437:t
430:v
419:.
384:.
357:.
332:.
305:.
276:.
251:.
230:.
209:.
179::
171::
163::
133:.
43:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.