1150:
1160:
1190:
1120:
3946:
3157:
1200:
1170:
1180:
1140:
1130:
651:
621:
53:
33:
2747:
Crespo, Ana; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Blanco, Oscar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Articus, Kristina; Wiklund, Elisabeth; Bawingan, Paulina A.; Wedin, Mats (2007). "Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in
Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and
646:
comprises more or less inflated but hollow (tube-like) lobes. These lobes often have a perforation at the tip. The colour of the ceiling of the tubes (the medullary surface) is dark brown or white, and is often used as a characteristic to distinguish between species. The lower surface of the tube is
696:), and the more common hapters, which are thick with broken tips. Both types are dark brown to black and usually the same colour as the lower surface. In all cases where these attachment organs are found, however, they are few in number and are sparsely distributed on the lower thallus surface.
449:
is classified in the
Parmeliaceae. The family Hypogymniaceae has been proposed in the past to contain the genus and other similar hypogymnioid lichens, but this taxonomic arrangement has not been widely accepted by other taxonomists. For example, Krog argued that no critical characters had been
3076:
Hawksworth, David L.; Blanco, Oscar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Ahti, Teuvo; Crespo, Ana (2008). "A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions".
3170:
Thell, Arne; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Kรคrnefelt, Ingvar; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Seaward, Mark R. D. (2012). "A review of the lichen family
Parmeliaceae โ history, phylogeny and current taxonomy".
250:(root-like attachment organs on the lower surface) that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small
688:. They found that rhizines and hapters were occasionally present on the lower surface of 35 species. Two types of attachment organs are found: slender rhizines with fine and tapering tips (found in
3457:
361:) as well as the type species. For many decades afterwards, the genus did not have widespread recognition, as most lichenologists preferred to include the "hypogymnioid" lichens in the classic
856:
region of India and Nepal, while 31 species are present in North
America. In Mexico, it is relatively rare; of the 11 species recorded from there, only two are known from more than 10
5136:
4987:
3237:
Melekhina, E.N. (2020). "Oribatid mites as inhabitants of lichens in the taiga zone of northeastern Europe: Biotopic association and ecological groups of species".
5039:
874:
for the genus, as more than 40 species occur there. It is one of the few large
Parmeliaceae genera that has its main distribution in the Northern Hemisphere.
4883:
4961:
5000:
5075:
4800:
3550:
3437:
3060:
2985:
2878:
564:
has an array of pronounced but small depressions in the lower surface, instead of the smooth or irregularly wrinkled surface typical of
2853:
677:
as lacking rhizines, a 2015 study challenges the universality of this assertion. In the study, researchers studied a large number of
5088:
5131:
396:. These later became accepted as distinct genera (the former only temporarily; see synonymy below), the latter under the name
5005:
3492:
Mitrovic, Tatjana; Stamenkovic, Slaviลกa; Cvetkovic, Vladimir; Radulovic, Niko; Mladenovic, Marko; Stankovic, Milan (2014).
5026:
2925:
Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Schoch, Conrad L.; Kageyama, Stacie A.; Molnar, Katalin; Lutzoni, Franรงois; McCune, Bruce (2011).
1089:
3200:"The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa"
1149:
5126:
4870:
1995:
326:
273:
852:
appears to be restricted to high elevations, where temperatures are cooler. Seventeen species are recorded from the
52:
2006:
5044:
962:
2028:
1984:
1459:
902:
3851:
3803:
3711:
2790:
Wei, Xin-Li; Chen, Kai; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Wri, Jiang-Chun (2015). "Rhizines occasionally occur in the genus
1716:
1159:
956:
944:
3890:
2017:
1900:
1683:
3566:
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sรกnchez-Garcรญa, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022).
2164:
2081:
2039:
1662:
1554:
1544:
1096:
is used for "dim vision, bleeding from uterus, bleeding from external injury, chronic dermatitis, and sores."
950:
922:
892:
862:
2258:
2195:
2185:
2175:
1801:
1738:
1576:
1565:
1524:
1286:
938:
2397:
2351:
2301:
2237:
2227:
2127:
2117:
1915:
1875:
1780:
1629:
1420:
1409:
1373:
1189:
1084:
589:
372:
considered the morphology and chemistry of this group of species to be distinctive and reinstated the genus
351:. Nylander later promoted it to generic status in 1896. At this time, the genus contained only two species:
3945:
3156:
2248:
2216:
2206:
2070:
1844:
1812:
1769:
1513:
1438:
1329:
1275:
1254:
1199:
5121:
4823:
2897:
Degelius, G. (1937). "Lichens from southern Alaska and the
Aleutian Islands, collected by Dr. E. Hultรฉn".
2408:
2341:
2312:
2279:
2269:
2049:
1865:
1790:
1672:
1651:
1597:
1480:
1469:
1428:
1307:
968:
932:
912:
2376:
2333:
1973:
1889:
1759:
1749:
1619:
1534:
1449:
1395:
1384:
1351:
1243:
2290:
2153:
2059:
1962:
1834:
1705:
1640:
1296:
1265:
1232:
857:
769:
681:
477:
3370:
and bark samples near Zlatna, Romania immediately following closure of a copper ore-processing plant".
2142:
1948:
1823:
1211:
1119:
665:
are root-like attachment organs on the lower surface of a lichen thallus, made of elongated strands of
2092:
1169:
974:
5093:
5054:
4909:
3332:
2486:
1608:
1002:
773:
577:
357:
4185:
3760:
1179:
650:
286:
in 1881, and 15 years later as a distinct genus of two species, including the widespread and common
5116:
4953:
3644:
Lumbsch, H. T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G. A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011).
3366:
Rusu, A.-M.; Jones, G.C.; Chimonides, P.D.J.; Purvis, O.W. (2006). "Biomonitoring using the lichen
2386:
2359:
2322:
2106:
2100:
1956:
1937:
1587:
1403:
1362:
1340:
1139:
1014:
883:
757:
362:
339:
292:
255:
149:
5080:
4614:
4575:
4532:
4493:
4454:
4388:
4322:
4083:
4037:
3991:
3894:
3855:
3807:
3715:
3599:
3348:
3301:
3254:
3219:
3094:
3029:
2954:
2811:
2728:
Krog, Hildur (1982). "Evolutionary trends in foliose and fruticose lichens of the
Parmeliaceae".
2710:
2702:
2620:
2558:
2365:
1926:
1694:
1502:
1318:
1222:
1042:
825:
165:
47:
4269:
4102:
638:. They are typically greenish grey to brownish grey in colour; some species are yellowish (from
605:
4345:
Wei, J.C.; Jiang, Y.M. (1980). "Species novae lichenum e
Parmeliaceis in regione xizangensis".
3541:
Crawford, Stuart (2019). "Lichens Used in
Traditional Medicine". In Rankoviฤ, Branislav (ed.).
1129:
620:
5062:
4992:
4896:
4806:
4796:
3546:
3523:
3433:
3407:"The radionuclides in lichen thalli in Chernobyl and East Urals areas after nuclear accidents"
3387:
3293:
3056:
2981:
2874:
2849:
2769:
1854:
1078:
1054:
1050:
1022:
1010:
833:
708:
525:
321:
282:
5067:
4708:
4606:
4567:
4524:
4485:
4446:
4380:
4314:
4285:
4075:
4029:
3983:
3932:
3886:
3847:
3799:
3707:
3667:
3657:
3589:
3579:
3513:
3472:
3379:
3340:
3285:
3246:
3211:
3180:
3143:
3086:
3051:
in Mexico". In
Herrera-Campos, Maria; Pรฉrez-Pรฉrez, Rosa Emilia; Nash, Thomas H. III (eds.).
3021:
2946:
2803:
2761:
2694:
2656:
2612:
2550:
1908:
1496:
1488:
1038:
4861:
3646:"One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity"
568:; Degelius called these minute cavities (about 0.1 mm diameter) "cavernulae". The two
4791:
Nash, Thomas; Ryan, Bruce D.; Diederich, P; Gries, Corinna; Bungartz, Frank, eds. (2002).
2516:
1727:
805:
749:
537:
263:
94:
450:
suggested that could be used as a defining familial characteristic. In the Parmeliaceae,
4940:
3336:
4948:
3518:
3493:
2494:
685:
635:
581:
545:
259:
223:
4888:
3458:"EthnolichenologyโThe use of lichens in the Himalayas and southwestern parts of China"
5110:
4739:
4688:
4658:
4551:
4430:
4041:
3967:
3603:
3567:
3406:
3258:
3199:
3184:
3005:
2926:
495:
460:
156:
4618:
4579:
4497:
4458:
4392:
4063:
3995:
3898:
3859:
3719:
3584:
3352:
3305:
3223:
3098:
3055:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 110. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. pp. 141โ142.
3033:
2958:
2815:
2714:
2624:
32:
4744:
and a new record in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) from Sikkim, India"
3148:
2420:
1034:
871:
601:
561:
472:
398:
334:
301:
287:
227:
141:
114:
4901:
4875:
3972:
group (lichens) from northwestern North America, with notes on thallus morphology"
3053:
Lichens of Mexico. The Parmeliaceae โ Keys, distribution and specimen descriptions
476:. All of these genera share the common characteristic of having a loosely compact
4305:
Ohlsson, Karl E. (1973). "New and interesting macrolichens of British Columbia".
4211:
Kurokawa, S.; Nakanishi, S. (1971). "Lichens of the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido".
3383:
3124:
2464:
429:
group. This biologically discontinuous assemblage of species was segregated from
5031:
4974:
4855:
4450:
4033:
3215:
2950:
2765:
2698:
870:
to the country. Nine species occur in Europe. Southwestern China is a centre of
845:
609:
487:
369:
231:
104:
4489:
3987:
3966:
Goward, Trevor; Spribille, Toby; Ahti, Teuvo; Hampton-Miller, Celia J. (2012).
3543:
Lichen Secondary Metabolites. Bioactive Properties and Pharmaceutical Potential
604:. This suggested synonymy had already been proposed several decades earlier by
4610:
4571:
4384:
3662:
3645:
3344:
3250:
3090:
3025:
2807:
2616:
1492:
1105:
998:
781:
736:
732:
724:
639:
84:
4846:
4635:
Lai, M.J. (1980). "Notes on some Hypogymniae (Parmeliaceae) from East Asia".
3456:
Yang, Mei-Xia; Devkota, Shiva; Wang, Li-Song; Scheidegger, Christoph (2021).
3319:
Makholm, M. M.; Bennett, J. P. (1998). "Mercury accumulation in transplanted
4935:
4922:
4810:
4795:. Vol. 1. Tempe, Arizona: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University.
4515:, a new lichen (Ascomycotina) from the Pacific Northwest of North America".
3937:
3916:
1018:
983:
765:
753:
741:
720:
716:
700:
585:
64:
4765:
Jiang, Yumei; Wei, Jiangcgun (1990). "้ฆฌ้่ๅฑฌๆฐ็จฎๅๆฐ่จ้ II" [A new species of
4249:
Rassadina, K.A. (1967). "Species et formae Hypogymniae novae et curiosae".
3834:
McCune, Bruce; Martin, Erin P.; Wang, Li-song (2003). "Five new species of
3527:
3391:
3297:
3276:
as a biomonitor of atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur deposition in Norway".
2773:
756:(responsible for the grey colour), while the medullae of most species have
840:
soil. The genus has been recorded on all continents except Antarctica. In
723:, and number eight per ascus. They are relatively small, less than 9
5013:
4840:
4593:
Wei, Xin-Li; Wei, Jiang-Chun (2012). "A study of the pruinose species of
3921:(Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae from the Bering Sea region, Alaska, and Russia"
1026:
867:
853:
841:
728:
377:
316:
277:
201:
3502:
lichens as sources of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents"
2706:
443:
in its compact medulla, larger spores and different cortical structure.
4966:
4536:
4326:
4087:
3877:(Parmeliaceae), a new lichen from the Pacific Coast of North America".
3811:
3594:
3289:
2660:
2562:
1006:
829:
761:
711:
in form with a constricted base and are often raised or shaped like an
662:
643:
490:
known as "tube lichens", "bone lichens", or "pillow lichens". The name
344:
247:
4979:
3672:
3477:
2135:
1883:
1066:
1030:
799:
517:, meaning "naked"), refers to the bare lower surface of the thallus.
466:
435:
410:
190:
74:
4817:
4712:
4687:
Goward, Trevor; Ahti, Teuvo; Elix, John A.; Spribille, Toby (2010).
4528:
4318:
4290:
4079:
3430:
Lichens of Ireland โ an illustrated introduction to over 250 species
2554:
731:
are black and appear as small dots on the surface of the lobes. The
5018:
4927:
2844:
Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001).
612:
in 1952, but not adopted by later authors, including Krog herself.
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1118:
666:
649:
619:
455:
251:
219:
4429:
Wei, Xinli; McCune, Bruce; Wang, Lisong; Wei, Jiangchun (2010).
3685:
3683:
2643:
Elix, John A. (1979). "A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus
2521:(in French). Paris: Typographye Paul. Schmidt. pp. 39, 139.
2169:(J.D.Zhao, L.W.Hsu & Z.M.Sun) J.C.Wei & Y.M.Jiang (1986)
837:
405:
In 1974, Krog published an account of three Northern Hemisphere
132:
4821:
4012:
McCune, Bruce; Conway, Sarah Norvell (2022). "Two new species,
4914:
3733:
Yoshida, K.; Kashiwadani, H. (2001). "Typification of taxa of
793:, however, has perforations on the upper lobe surface, unlike
712:
4663:(Lecanorales, Ascomycota) with pruinose lobe tips from China"
2980:. Vol. 4. Svenska Botaniska Fรถreningen. pp. 56โ62.
4556:(Parmeliaceae), a new lichen from Far East Russia and China"
715:. The apothecial discs are red-brown and typically concave.
4007:
4005:
3852:
10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0226:FNSOHW]2.0.CO;2
3804:
10.1639/0007-2745(2000)105[0470:HBANSL]2.0.CO;2
3712:
10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0146:HAAHST]2.0.CO;2
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
1033:, Romania. It was also used to help evaluate the levels of
890:
species. Some of them parasitise specific lichens, such as
4550:
McCune, Bruce; Tchabanenko, Svetlana; Wei, Xin Li (2015).
3891:
10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[808:HCPANL]2.0.CO;2
3754:
3752:
3545:(2 ed.). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. p. 66.
673:. Although many recent lichen floras and manuals describe
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
669:; a shorter version of this attachment organ is called a
3198:
Diederich, Paul; Lawrey, James D.; Ertz, Damien (2018).
4476:(Parmeliaceae), a new lichen from coastal California".
4340:
4338:
4336:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4725:
4697:
spp. nov., two new lichens from western North America"
4190:
from western North America (Lichenes: Hypogymniaceae)"
4143:
4131:
1001:
for several applications. Examples include monitoring
4682:
4680:
4652:
4650:
4274:(Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) โ a new species from Asia"
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
2999:
2997:
930:). Others have a less specific host range, including
413:
in arctic and alpine habitats. These species, namely
296:. It has since grown to about 90 recognized species.
4064:"Some lichens of Tropical Africa. III. Parmeliaceae"
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
1088:) of the popular drug "Lichen quercinus virdes". In
4830:
3737:(Parmeliaceae) described from Japan and Sakhalin".
3451:
3449:
3323:lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant".
1922:โ Java; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; North Borneo
262:. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of
4435:(Parmeliaceae), a new lichen from southwest China"
4362:
4360:
3004:McCune, B.; Divakar, P. K.; Upreti, D. K. (2012).
2785:
2783:
4793:Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region
3790:, A new sorediate lichen species from Portugal".
3047:McCune, Bruce; Pรฉrez Pรฉrez, Rosa Emilia (2016). "
2892:
2890:
1065:are used as raw materials in the preparation of
4230:Krog, H. (1968). "The macrolichens of Alaska".
4020:(Parmeliaceae), from North America and China".
3838:with rimmed holes from the Chinese Himalayas".
3272:Bruteig, Inga E. (1993). "The epiphytic lichen
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2599:Krog, Hildur (1974). "Taxonomic studies in the
2576:Krog, Hildur (1951). "Microchemical studies on
304:in China, where many of its species are found.
3910:
3908:
3690:McCune, Bruce; Tchabanenko, Svetlana (2001). "
3568:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa โ 2021"
2869:Ulloa, Miguel; Aguirre-Acosta, Elvira (2020).
2681:Elvebakk, Arve (2011). "A review of the genus
1116:About 90 species are recognized in the genus.
797:. Other superficially similar genera, such as
4410:(Nyl.) Nyl. (Hypogymniaceae, Ascomycotina)".
4367:Hawksworth, D.L. (2007). "Two new species of
4184:Pike, Lawrence H.; Hale Jr, Mason E. (1982).
4156:Wei, J.C. (1984). "A new isidiate species of
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
3739:Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo
2899:Meddelelser frรฅn Gรถtebรถrgs Botaniska Trรคdgรฅrd
2532:
2530:
2528:
2413:(R.Sant.) D.D.Awasthi & Kr.P.Singh (1971)
785:contains species that could be confused with
347:as the characteristic distinguishing it from
8:
4213:Memoirs of the National Science Museum Tokyo
1104:serve as raw material in the preparation of
4630:
4628:
3759:Elix, John A.; Jenkins, Gillian A. (1989).
2972:Westberg, M.; Ahti, T.; Thell, A. (2011). "
2730:Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory
2638:
2636:
2634:
2541:, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae".
2465:"Addenda nova ad Lichenographium europaeam"
508:
498:
329:in 1881. He associated it with the species
4818:
2976:". In Thell, Arne; Moberg, Roland (eds.).
1025:elements following the closure of a large
1009:deposition in Norway, the accumulation of
31:
20:
5137:Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist)
4289:
4101:McCune, Bruce; Obermayer, Walter (2001).
3936:
3671:
3661:
3617:Awasthi, D.D. (1984). "The lichen genera
3593:
3583:
3517:
3476:
3147:
647:black with a smooth or wrinkled texture.
4597:(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China".
684:, representing 72 species as well as 64
4472:McCune, Bruce; Schoch, Conrad (2009). "
4406:Chen, J.B. (1994). "Two new species of
4068:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
3873:Goward, Trevor; McCune, Bruce (2007). "
3278:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
2455:
1667:(J.C.Wei) J.B.Chen & J.C.Wei (1989)
1037:deposited in the environment after the
4637:Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum
2848:. Yale University Press. p. 345.
1227:Goward, Bjรถrk & T.B.Wheeler (2011)
433:by Trevor Goward under the genus name
4251:Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii
2754:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1905:McCune, Tchaban. & X.L.Wei (2015)
832:. Less frequently, they are found on
7:
5055:e5fbf146-dede-4a5f-bec4-2537f6f7349c
3010:in the Himalayas of India and Nepal"
2064:Goward, Bjรถrk & Hollinger (2010)
982:are inhabited by various species of
624:Closeup of a perforated lobe tip of
600:in order for the latter genus to be
4657:Wei, Xinli; Wei, Jiangchun (2005).
3968:"Four new sorediate species in the
3698:, two new lichens from east Asia".
3432:. Cork: Collins Press. p. 66.
1944:โ widespread in Northern Hemisphere
1378:McCune, Divakar & Upreti (2012)
1239:โ widespread in Northern Hemisphere
552:contained two hypogymnoid species,
2935:, reveals biogeographic structure"
2871:Illustrated Generic names of Fungi
2582:Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene
2391:Goward, T.Sprib. & Ahti (2010)
1953:Goward, T.Sprib. & Ahti (2012)
1076:was one component (in addition to
14:
2518:Les Lichens des Environs de Paris
760:, and some species contain other
572:species are otherwise similar to
4738:Sinha, G.P.; Elix, J.A. (2003).
3944:
3761:"New species and new records of
3185:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00008.x
3155:
1989:(D.D.Awasthi) D.D.Awasthi (1971)
658:; here the tip curls up and back
51:
2873:. APS press. pp. 185โ186.
1518:(Hillmann ex Sato) Rass. (1956)
3325:Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
2427:and the sorediate counterpart
2402:Y.M.Jiang & J.C.Wei (1990)
2381:(Mรผll.Arg.) D.D.Awasthi (1985)
2306:(Mรผll.Arg.) D.D.Awasthi (1985)
2284:D.Hawksw. & P.James (1973)
2147:J.C.Wei & Y.M.Jiang (1980)
2000:McCune & E.P.Martin (2003)
1978:J.C.Wei & Y.M.Jiang (1980)
1817:McCune & C.L.Schoch (2009)
1710:J.C.Wei & Y.M.Jiang (1980)
634:is a genus of medium to large
272:was proposed by lichenologist
1:
4232:Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter
2794:(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)".
2469:Flora oder Botanische Zeitung
2372:โ Asia; Europe; North America
2295:McCune & Li S.Wang (2014)
2111:McCune & Li S.Wang (2014)
2007:Hypogymnia pseudoenteromorpha
1931:McCune & Li S.Wang (2014)
1859:McCune & Li S.Wang (2014)
1507:McCune & Obermayer (2001)
1367:McCune & C.F.Culb. (2003)
1323:McCune & Li S.Wang (2003)
1021:, and pollution from several
828:and wood, particular that of
333:(which ultimately became the
3384:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.002
3123:McCune, B; Wang, LS (2014).
2200:X.L.Wei & J.C.Wei (2006)
2086:Tchaban. & McCune (2002)
2033:X.L.Wei & J.C.Wei (2006)
1967:X.L.Wei & J.C.Wei (2012)
1839:(Nyl.) Oxner ex Rass. (1956)
1721:D.Hawksw. & Poelt (1973)
1237:Tchaban. & McCune (2001)
1090:Traditional Chinese Medicine
963:Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola
809:, can be distinguished from
454:belongs to the hypogymnioid
4451:10.1639/0007-2745-113.1.120
4347:Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
4034:10.1639/0007-2745-125.3.406
3216:10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340
2951:10.1639/0007-2745-114.2.392
2766:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.029
2699:10.1639/0007-2745-114.2.379
2158:(Hillmann) K.Yoshida (2001)
2132:G.P.Sinha & Elix (2003)
1996:Hypogymnia pseudocyphellata
1985:Hypogymnia pseudobitteriana
1795:X.L.Wei & McCune (2010)
1460:Hypogymnia enteromorphoides
903:Lichenopeltella hypogymniae
654:Soralia at the lobe tip of
596:needed to be subsumed into
5153:
4490:10.1639/0007-2745-112.1.94
3988:10.1639/0007-2745-115.1.84
3765:(lichenized Ascomycotina)"
2685:(Parmeliaceae) in Chile".
2601:Hypogymnia intestiniformis
2463:Nylander, William (1881).
2419:Hypogymnia contains three
1828:L.H.Pike & Hale (1982)
1717:Hypogymnia laminisorediata
1334:Goward & McCune (2007)
1063:H. pseudoenteromorpha
1045:(1988) nuclear accidents.
957:Endophragmiella franconica
945:Minutoexcipula calatayudii
4611:10.1017/S0024282912000473
4572:10.1017/S0024282914000656
4385:10.1017/S0024282973000502
3663:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1
3585:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
3251:10.1134/s1062359020050064
3091:10.1017/S0024282908007329
3026:10.1017/S0024282912000321
2808:10.1017/S0024282914000541
2617:10.1017/S0024282974000211
2337:โ Oregon & California
2253:(J.D.Zhao) J.C.Wei (1991)
2029:Hypogymnia pseudopruinosa
2018:Hypogymnia pseudophysodes
1774:(J.D.Zhao) J.C.Wei (1991)
1684:Hypogymnia kosciuskoensis
1358:โ Alaska; Far East Russia
886:that are known to infect
735:partner is trebouxioidโa
509:
499:
439:in 1986. It differs from
325:by Finnish lichenologist
171:
164:
147:
140:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
4554:Hypogymnia papilliformis
4511:Goward, Trevor (1988). "
3405:Biazrov, Lev G. (1994).
3173:Nordic Journal of Botany
3149:10.5943/mycosphere/5/1/2
2846:Lichens of North America
2537:Goward, Trevor (1986). "
2165:Hypogymnia subarticulata
2082:Hypogymnia sachalinensis
2040:Hypogymnia pulchrilobata
1991:โ Asia; Papua New Guinea
1901:Hypogymnia papilliformis
1663:Hypogymnia kangdingensis
1555:Hypogymnia hengduanensis
1545:Hypogymnia guadalupensis
1485:McCune & Krog (2008)
1356:McCune & Krog (2008)
1072:In 15th-century Europe,
951:Trichonectria anisospora
923:Phacopsis cephalodioides
893:Plectocarpon hypogymniae
824:species usually grow on
817:Habitat and distribution
3938:10.2509/naf2008.003.006
3786:McCune, Bruce (2002). "
3625:from India and Nepal".
3500:Pseudevernia furfuracea
3372:Environmental Pollution
3345:10.1023/A:1004977717769
2259:Hypogymnia taiwanalpina
2196:Hypogymnia subfarinacea
2186:Hypogymnia subduplicata
2176:Hypogymnia subcrustacea
1876:Hypogymnia occidentalis
1870:(Bitter) Rรคsรคnen (1943)
1802:Hypogymnia metaphysodes
1785:(Tav.) D.Hawksw. (1973)
1739:Hypogymnia lijiangensis
1577:Hypogymnia hokkaidensis
1566:Hypogymnia heterophylla
1529:(Asahina) Kurok. (1971)
1525:Hypogymnia fujisanensis
1491:; other islands in the
1454:(Hillmann) Rass. (1956)
1410:Hypogymnia diffractaica
1287:Hypogymnia billardierei
1184:Hypogymnia occidentalis
1174:Hypogymnia metaphysodes
1085:Pseudevernia furfuracea
939:Epithamnolia xanthoriae
507:, meaning "under") and
427:H. intestiniformis
419:H. intestiniformis
5132:Taxa described in 1881
4771:Acta Mycologica Sinica
4412:Acta Mycologica Sinica
4272:Hypogymnia irregularis
4268:McCune, Bruce (2011).
4186:"Three new species of
4162:Acta Mycologica Sinica
3917:"Three new species of
3915:McCune, Bruce (2008).
2398:Hypogymnia yunnanensis
2370:(Ach.) Parrique (1898)
2352:Hypogymnia verruculosa
2302:Hypogymnia thomsoniana
2238:Hypogymnia subpruinosa
2232:(Kremp.) Filson (1970)
2228:Hypogymnia subphysodes
2128:Hypogymnia sikkimensis
2118:Hypogymnia schizidiata
2022:(Asahina) Rass. (1967)
1916:Hypogymnia pectinatula
1849:(Zahlbr.) Rass. (1967)
1806:(Asahina) Rass. (1967)
1781:Hypogymnia madeirensis
1652:Hypogymnia irregularis
1630:Hypogymnia incurvoides
1421:Hypogymnia discopruina
1374:Hypogymnia crystallina
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1126:
913:Muellerella antarctica
813:by their solid lobes.
659:
628:
458:along with the genera
343:), noting the lack of
4474:Hypogymnia minilobata
3970:Hypogymnia austerodes
3875:Hypogymnia canadensis
3428:Whelan, Paul (2011).
2931:phylogeny, including
2515:Nylander, W. (1896).
2327:(Schaer.) Hav. (1918)
2291:Hypogymnia tenuispora
2249:Hypogymnia subvittata
2217:Hypogymnia subobscura
2207:Hypogymnia submundata
2180:(Flot.) Kurok. (1971)
2071:Hypogymnia rhodesiana
1963:Hypogymnia pruinoidea
1920:(Zahlbr.) Elix (1989)
1845:Hypogymnia nikkoensis
1813:Hypogymnia minilobata
1770:Hypogymnia macrospora
1624:(Krog) Ohlsson (1973)
1514:Hypogymnia fragillima
1439:Hypogymnia elgonensis
1330:Hypogymnia canadensis
1291:(Mont.) Filson (1970)
1276:Hypogymnia beringiana
1266:Hypogymnia australica
1259:(Nyl.) Rรคsรคnen (1943)
1255:Hypogymnia austerodes
1218:โ China; India; Nepal
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1124:Hypogymnia austerodes
1122:
918:Hypogymnia antarctica
863:H. guadalupensis
653:
623:
592:analysis showed that
409:species that grow on
376:. Krog included four
315:was first created as
4659:"Two new species of
4433:Hypogymnia magnifica
4105:Hypogymnia hypotrypa
4062:Dodge, C.W. (1959).
3925:North American Fungi
3788:Hypogymnia bryophila
2409:Hypogymnia zeylanica
2346:(Bitter) Elix (1980)
2342:Hypogymnia turgidula
2317:(Taylor) Elix (1980)
2313:Hypogymnia tubularis
2280:Hypogymnia tavaresii
2270:Hypogymnia tasmanica
2221:(Vain.) Poelt (1962)
2211:(Oxner) Rass. (1967)
2190:(Rass.) Rass. (1973)
2050:Hypogymnia pulverata
2044:(Bitter) Elix (1980)
1866:Hypogymnia obscurata
1791:Hypogymnia magnifica
1673:Hypogymnia kiboensis
1609:Hypogymnia imshaugii
1598:Hypogymnia hypotrypa
1592:(Degel.) Krog (1951)
1481:Hypogymnia fistulosa
1470:Hypogymnia farinacea
1433:(Sm.) Rรคsรคnen (1967)
1429:Hypogymnia duplicata
1424:โ southwestern China
1308:Hypogymnia bryophila
1280:(Krog) McCune (2008)
1144:Hypogymnia imshaugii
1134:Hypogymnia farinacea
1094:Hypogymnia hypotrypa
1003:atmospheric nitrogen
969:Tremella hypogymniae
933:Abrothallus prodiens
908:Hypogymnia zeylanica
694:H. subfarinacea
626:H. occidentalis
576:in terms of overall
358:Menegazzia terebrata
254:and the presence of
246:. Most species lack
4695:Hypogymnia wilfiana
4513:Hypogymnia oceanica
4014:Hypogymnia tuckerae
3496:Platismatia glaucia
3368:Hypogymnia physodes
3337:1998WASP..102..427M
3321:Hypogymnia physodes
3274:Hypogymnia physodes
3129:in southwest China"
2978:Nordic Lichen Flora
2429:H. incurvoides
2387:Hypogymnia wilfiana
2377:Hypogymnia wattiana
2360:American Cordillera
2334:Hypogymnia tuckerae
2323:Hypogymnia tubulosa
2107:Hypogymnia saxicola
2101:American Cordillera
1974:Hypogymnia pruinosa
1957:American Cordillera
1938:Hypogymnia physodes
1890:Hypogymnia oceanica
1760:Hypogymnia lophyrea
1754:(Pers.) Krog (1968)
1750:Hypogymnia lugubris
1620:Hypogymnia inactiva
1602:(Nyl.) Rass. (1956)
1588:Hypogymnia hultenii
1535:Hypogymnia gracilis
1450:Hypogymnia elongata
1404:American Cordillera
1396:Hypogymnia dichroma
1385:Hypogymnia delavayi
1363:Hypogymnia congesta
1352:Hypogymnia castanea
1341:Hypogymnia capitata
1301:(Lynge) Ahti (1964)
1244:Hypogymnia asahinae
1194:Hypogymnia tubulosa
1154:Hypogymnia inactiva
1074:Hypogymnia physodes
997:has been used as a
995:Hypogymnia physodes
980:Hypogymnia physodes
928:Hypogymnia physodes
884:lichenicolous fungi
494:, derived from the
340:Hypogymnia physodes
293:Hypogymnia physodes
150:Hypogymnia physodes
41:Hypogymnia physodes
5127:Lecanorales genera
4740:"A new species of
4691:Hypogymnia recurva
3692:Hypogymnia arcuata
3290:10.1007/BF00555060
3125:"The lichen genus
2661:10.1071/BRU9790175
2489:Hypogymnia pertusa
2443:and the sorediate
2435:and the sorediate
2433:H. minilobata
2366:Hypogymnia vittata
2154:Hypogymnia stricta
2060:Hypogymnia recurva
2054:(Nyl.) Elix (1980)
1927:Hypogymnia pendula
1835:Hypogymnia mundata
1764:(Ach.) Krog (1951)
1706:Hypogymnia laccata
1695:Hypogymnia krogiae
1641:Hypogymnia inflata
1503:Hypogymnia flavida
1389:(Hue) Rass. (1956)
1319:Hypogymnia bulbosa
1297:Hypogymnia bitteri
1233:Hypogymnia arcuata
1223:Hypogymnia amplexa
1207:
1204:Hypogymnia vittata
1197:
1187:
1177:
1167:
1164:Hypogymnia krogiae
1157:
1147:
1137:
1127:
1098:Hypogymnia flavida
1055:old-growth forests
898:Hypogymnia bitteri
882:There are several
770:protocetraric acid
660:
629:
423:H. oroarctica
415:H. atrofusca
353:Hypogymnia pertusa
5104:
5103:
5063:Open Tree of Life
4824:Taxon identifiers
4802:978-0-9716759-1-9
4103:"Typification of
3552:978-3-030-16813-1
3478:10.3390/d13070330
3439:978-1-84889-137-1
3079:The Lichenologist
3062:978-3-443-58089-6
2987:978-91-85221-24-0
2880:978-0-89054-618-5
2647:in Australasia".
2487:"Record Details:
2143:Hypogymnia sinica
1949:Hypogymnia protea
1855:Hypogymnia nitida
1824:Hypogymnia mollis
1723:โ Greece; Morocco
1712:โ southwest China
1212:Hypogymnia alpina
1102:H. hypotrypa
1079:Evernia prunastri
1051:indicator species
1023:toxic heavy metal
1015:chloralkali plant
764:and beta-orcinol
588:, and chemistry.
355:(currently named
331:Parmelia physodem
211:
210:
136:
5144:
5097:
5096:
5084:
5083:
5071:
5070:
5058:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5032:NHMSYS0001485077
5022:
5021:
5009:
5008:
4996:
4995:
4983:
4982:
4970:
4969:
4957:
4956:
4944:
4943:
4931:
4930:
4918:
4917:
4905:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4879:
4878:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4819:
4814:
4785:Cited literature
4779:
4778:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4735:
4729:
4726:Nash et al. 2002
4723:
4717:
4716:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4654:
4645:
4644:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4379:(5โ6): 452โ456.
4364:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4331:
4330:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4181:
4170:
4169:
4153:
4147:
4144:Nash et al. 2002
4141:
4135:
4132:Nash et al. 2002
4129:
4123:
4122:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3963:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3831:
3816:
3815:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3696:H. sachalinensis
3687:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3665:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3597:
3587:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3331:(3/4): 427โ436.
3316:
3310:
3309:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3239:Biology Bulletin
3234:
3228:
3227:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3133:
3120:
3103:
3102:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2922:
2907:
2906:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2841:
2820:
2819:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2678:
2665:
2664:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2460:
2445:H. hultenii
2441:H. lophyrea
2414:
2403:
2392:
2382:
2371:
2357:
2347:
2328:
2318:
2307:
2296:
2286:โ Canary Islands
2285:
2275:
2264:
2254:
2243:
2233:
2222:
2212:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2170:
2159:
2148:
2133:
2123:
2112:
2098:
2093:Hypogymnia salsa
2087:
2076:
2075:C.W.Dodge (1959)
2065:
2055:
2045:
2034:
2024:โ northeast Asia
2023:
2012:
2001:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1954:
1943:
1942:(L.) Nyl. (1896)
1932:
1921:
1909:Russian Far East
1906:
1895:
1881:
1871:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1829:
1818:
1807:
1796:
1786:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1677:C.W.Dodge (1959)
1668:
1657:
1646:
1645:C.W.Dodge (1959)
1635:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1593:
1582:
1571:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:โ northeast Asia
1519:
1508:
1497:Seward Peninsula
1489:Aleutian Islands
1486:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1444:
1443:C.W.Dodge (1959)
1434:
1415:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1292:
1282:โ Alaska; Russia
1281:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1248:K.Yoshida (2001)
1238:
1228:
1217:
1059:H. physodes
1047:H. tubulosa
978:. The thalli of
975:Tremella papuana
860:, and only one,
719:are colourless,
656:H. physodes
558:C. hultenii
554:C. lophyrea
512:
511:
502:
501:
327:William Nylander
300:has a centre of
274:William Nylander
264:coniferous trees
205:
194:
183:
130:
56:
55:
35:
21:
16:Genus of lichens
5152:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5092:
5087:
5079:
5074:
5066:
5061:
5053:
5051:
5043:
5038:
5030:
5025:
5017:
5012:
5004:
4999:
4991:
4986:
4978:
4973:
4965:
4960:
4952:
4947:
4939:
4934:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4882:
4874:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4826:
4803:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4724:
4720:
4713:10.1139/B10-028
4686:
4685:
4678:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4643:(3โ4): 209โ214.
4634:
4633:
4626:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4529:10.2307/3243225
4510:
4509:
4505:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4344:
4343:
4334:
4319:10.2307/3241719
4304:
4303:
4299:
4291:10.5248/115.485
4267:
4266:
4262:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4183:
4182:
4173:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4080:10.2307/2394567
4074:(1โ2): 39โ193.
4061:
4060:
4049:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3965:
3964:
3953:
3943:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3833:
3832:
3819:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3106:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2924:
2923:
2910:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2823:
2789:
2788:
2781:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2642:
2641:
2632:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2555:10.2307/3243288
2536:
2535:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2425:H. krogiae
2412:
2401:
2393:โ North America
2390:
2380:
2369:
2355:
2345:
2326:
2316:
2305:
2294:
2283:
2273:
2262:
2252:
2242:J.B.Chen (1994)
2241:
2231:
2220:
2210:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2146:
2131:
2121:
2110:
2096:
2085:
2074:
2066:โ North America
2063:
2053:
2043:
2032:
2021:
2010:
1999:
1988:
1977:
1966:
1952:
1941:
1930:
1919:
1904:
1896:โ North America
1893:
1880:L.H.Pike (1982)
1879:
1869:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1830:โ North America
1827:
1819:โ United States
1816:
1805:
1794:
1784:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1743:J.B.Chen (1994)
1742:
1731:
1728:Hypogymnia laxa
1720:
1709:
1701:โ North America
1698:
1687:
1676:
1666:
1655:
1644:
1633:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1591:
1580:
1572:โ North America
1570:L.H.Pike (1982)
1569:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1517:
1506:
1484:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1442:
1432:
1413:
1399:
1388:
1377:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1336:โ North America
1333:
1325:โ China; Taiwan
1322:
1311:
1300:
1290:
1279:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1226:
1215:
1114:
992:
880:
819:
806:Allantoparmelia
774:physodalic acid
739:from the genus
690:H. krogiae
636:foliose lichens
618:
538:Gunnar Degelius
523:
310:
260:lichen products
224:foliose lichens
200:
189:
181:
160:
153:
129:
95:Lecanoromycetes
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5150:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5085:
5072:
5059:
5049:
5036:
5023:
5010:
4997:
4984:
4971:
4958:
4945:
4932:
4919:
4906:
4893:
4880:
4867:
4852:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4801:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4773:(in Chinese).
4757:
4730:
4728:, p. 236.
4718:
4707:(4): 345โ351.
4676:
4646:
4624:
4605:(6): 783โ793.
4585:
4566:(2): 117โ122.
4542:
4523:(3): 229โ232.
4503:
4464:
4445:(1): 120โ123.
4421:
4398:
4356:
4332:
4313:(3): 366โ387.
4297:
4260:
4241:
4222:
4203:
4171:
4148:
4146:, p. 232.
4136:
4134:, p. 231.
4124:
4093:
4047:
4028:(3): 406โ417.
4022:The Bryologist
4018:H. discopruina
4001:
3951:
3904:
3885:(4): 808โ811.
3865:
3846:(2): 226โ234.
3817:
3798:(3): 470โ472.
3792:The Bryologist
3778:
3748:
3725:
3706:(1): 146โ150.
3679:
3636:
3609:
3558:
3551:
3533:
3484:
3471:(7): 330โ346.
3445:
3438:
3420:
3397:
3358:
3311:
3264:
3245:(5): 522โ534.
3229:
3210:(3): 340โ425.
3204:The Bryologist
3190:
3179:(6): 641โ664.
3162:
3104:
3068:
3061:
3039:
3020:(5): 595โ609.
2993:
2986:
2964:
2945:(2): 392โ400.
2908:
2886:
2879:
2861:
2855:978-0300082494
2854:
2821:
2779:
2760:(2): 812โ824.
2739:
2720:
2693:(2): 379โ388.
2666:
2655:(2): 175โ245.
2630:
2611:(2): 135โ140.
2591:
2568:
2549:(3): 219โ223.
2524:
2507:
2495:Index Fungorum
2491:(Schaer.) Nyl"
2478:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2437:H. mollis
2417:
2416:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2373:
2362:
2348:
2338:
2330:
2319:
2309:
2298:
2287:
2276:
2266:
2263:M.J.Lai (1980)
2255:
2245:
2234:
2224:
2213:
2203:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2161:
2150:
2139:
2124:
2114:
2103:
2089:
2078:
2067:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2025:
2014:
2011:M.J.Lai (1980)
2003:
1992:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1912:
1897:
1886:
1872:
1862:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1787:
1777:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1713:
1702:
1699:Ohlsson (1973)
1691:
1680:
1669:
1659:
1648:
1637:
1626:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1584:
1573:
1562:
1559:J.C.Wei (1984)
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1477:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1435:
1425:
1417:
1406:
1392:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1303:โ Asia; Europe
1293:
1283:
1272:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1219:
1216:Awasthi (1984)
1113:
1110:
1029:dump close to
991:
988:
879:
876:
818:
815:
686:type specimens
617:
614:
582:microstructure
546:Maurice Choisy
522:
519:
425:, make up the
309:
306:
244:pillow lichens
226:in the family
209:
208:
207:
206:
195:
184:
169:
168:
162:
161:
154:
145:
144:
138:
137:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5149:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Lichen genera
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4777:(4): 293โ295.
4776:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4599:Lichenologist
4596:
4589:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4560:Lichenologist
4557:
4555:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4484:(1): 94โ100.
4483:
4479:
4475:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4425:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4373:Lichenologist
4371:(Nyl.) Nyl".
4370:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:(3): 368โ388.
4352:
4348:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4298:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4204:
4200:(1): 157โ161.
4199:
4195:
4191:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3982:(1): 84โ100.
3981:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3779:
3775:(2): 469โ476.
3774:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:(2โ3): 35โ46.
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3578:(1): 53โ453.
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3506:EXCLI Journal
3503:
3501:
3497:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:Lichenologist
3011:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:Lichenologist
2793:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2605:Lichenologist
2602:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2508:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:species pairs
2411:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2356:Goward (2012)
2354:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2122:McCune (2002)
2120:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2097:Goward (2012)
2095:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:Goward (1988)
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1732:McCune (2003)
1730:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1656:McCune (2011)
1654:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1581:Kurok. (1971)
1579:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1549:McCune (2002)
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:McCune (2002)
1537:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1414:McCune (2003)
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1400:Goward (2012)
1398:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1345:McCune (2014)
1343:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1312:McCune (2002)
1310:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:radionuclides
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
985:
984:orbatid mites
981:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
958:
953:
952:
947:
946:
941:
940:
935:
934:
929:
925:
924:
919:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:
899:
895:
894:
889:
885:
877:
875:
873:
869:
865:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
816:
814:
812:
808:
807:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:physodic acid
755:
751:
746:
744:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
627:
622:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:, created by
543:
542:Ceratophyllum
540:in 1937, and
539:
536:, created by
535:
531:
527:
520:
518:
516:
506:
497:
496:Ancient Greek
493:
489:
485:
481:
479:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
462:
461:Arctoparmelia
457:
453:
448:
444:
442:
438:
437:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:
395:
394:Everniiformes
391:
387:
384:. subg.
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
276:, first as a
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:physodic acid
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:
203:
199:
198:Ceratophyllum
196:
192:
188:
185:
180:
176:
173:
172:
170:
167:
163:
159:) Nyl. (1896)
158:
152:
151:
146:
143:
139:
135:) Nyl. (1896)
134:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4831:
4792:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4733:
4721:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4640:
4636:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4545:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4424:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4350:
4346:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4263:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4096:
4071:
4067:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3542:
3536:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3468:
3464:
3429:
3423:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3378:(1): 81โ88.
3375:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3284:(1): 27โ47.
3281:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3142:(1): 27โ76.
3139:
3135:
3126:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3017:
3013:
3007:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2942:
2938:
2933:Cavernularia
2932:
2928:
2902:
2898:
2870:
2864:
2845:
2802:(1): 69โ75.
2799:
2795:
2791:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:the nuclear
2742:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2517:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2488:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2407:
2396:
2385:
2375:
2364:
2350:
2340:
2332:
2321:
2311:
2300:
2289:
2278:
2268:
2257:
2247:
2236:
2226:
2215:
2205:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2163:
2152:
2141:
2126:
2116:
2105:
2091:
2080:
2069:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2027:
2016:
2005:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1914:
1899:
1888:
1874:
1864:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1789:
1779:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1682:
1671:
1661:
1650:
1639:
1634:Rass. (1967)
1628:
1618:
1607:
1596:
1586:
1575:
1564:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1512:
1501:
1479:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1437:
1427:
1419:
1408:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1350:
1339:
1328:
1317:
1306:
1295:
1285:
1274:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1221:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1115:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1057:. In China,
1046:
1013:downwind of
994:
993:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
927:
921:
917:
911:
907:
901:
897:
891:
887:
881:
872:biodiversity
861:
849:
821:
820:
810:
804:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
778:
768:, including
747:
740:
704:
698:
693:
689:
678:
674:
670:
661:
655:
631:
630:
625:
608:in 1943 and
606:Veli Rรคsรคnen
602:monophyletic
597:
594:Cavernularia
593:
573:
570:Cavernularia
569:
565:
562:species pair
557:
553:
550:Cavernularia
549:
541:
534:Cavernularia
533:
529:
524:
514:
504:
491:
486:lichens are
483:
482:
473:Pseudevernia
471:
465:
459:
451:
446:
445:
440:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
406:
404:
399:Pseudevernia
397:
393:
392:. subg.
389:
386:Cavernularia
385:
381:
380:, including
373:
365:
356:
352:
348:
338:
335:type species
330:
320:
312:
311:
302:biodiversity
297:
291:
288:type species
281:
269:
268:
258:and related
243:
240:bone lichens
239:
236:tube lichens
235:
228:Parmeliaceae
214:
213:
212:
197:
187:Cavernularia
186:
178:
174:
148:
142:Type species
125:
124:
115:Parmeliaceae
40:
24:
18:
4975:iNaturalist
4856:Wikispecies
4284:: 485โ494.
4160:in China".
3931:(6): 1โ10.
3633:(2): 87โ97.
3595:10481/76378
3512:: 938โ953.
3417:(1): 85โ95.
3085:(1): 1โ21.
2415:โ Sri Lanka
2274:Elix (1989)
2088:โ east Asia
1690:โ Australia
1688:Elix (1980)
1509:โ East Asia
1474:Zopf (1907)
1464:Elix (1980)
1380:โ Himalayas
1270:Elix (1989)
1106:antibiotics
1041:(1957) and
858:collections
848:locations,
846:subtropical
682:collections
616:Description
610:Hildur Krog
370:Hildur Krog
230:. They are
182:Nyl. (1881)
105:Lecanorales
5117:Hypogymnia
5111:Categories
4862:Hypogymnia
4832:Hypogymnia
4767:Hypogymnia
4742:Hypogymnia
4673:: 155โ158.
4661:Hypogymnia
4595:Hypogymnia
4517:Bryologist
4478:Bryologist
4439:Bryologist
4418:: 107โ110.
4408:Hypogymnia
4369:Hypogymnia
4307:Bryologist
4257:: 289โ300.
4188:Hypogymnia
4168:: 214โ216.
4158:Hypogymnia
3976:Bryologist
3919:Hypogymnia
3879:Bryologist
3840:Bryologist
3836:Hypogymnia
3763:Hypogymnia
3735:Hypogymnia
3700:Bryologist
3673:11336/4198
3623:Menegazzia
3619:Hypogymnia
3572:Mycosphere
3136:Mycosphere
3127:Hypogymnia
3049:Hypogymnia
3008:Hypogymnia
2974:Hypogymnia
2939:Bryologist
2929:Hypogymnia
2905:: 105โ144.
2792:Hypogymnia
2736:: 303โ311.
2687:Bryologist
2683:Hypogymnia
2645:Hypogymnia
2603:complex".
2543:Bryologist
2451:References
1613:Krog (1968
1493:Bering Sea
1314:โ Portugal
1108:in China.
1039:East Urals
1027:mine waste
999:biomonitor
888:Hypogymnia
850:Hypogymnia
822:Hypogymnia
811:Hypogymnia
795:Hypogymnia
791:Menegazzia
787:Hypogymnia
782:Menegazzia
779:The genus
766:depsidones
737:green alga
733:photobiont
717:Ascospores
709:lecanorine
705:Hypogymnia
679:Hypogymnia
675:Hypogymnia
640:usnic acid
632:Hypogymnia
598:Hypogymnia
578:morphology
574:Hypogymnia
566:Hypogymnia
530:Hypogymnia
492:Hypogymnia
484:Hypogymnia
452:Hypogymnia
447:Hypogymnia
441:Hypogymnia
431:Hypogymnia
407:Hypogymnia
374:Hypogymnia
368:. In 1951
363:form genus
313:Hypogymnia
298:Hypogymnia
270:Hypogymnia
215:Hypogymnia
179:Hypogymnia
126:Hypogymnia
85:Ascomycota
81:Division:
25:Hypogymnia
4936:FloraBase
4884:AusLichen
4748:Mycotaxon
4667:Mycotaxon
4278:Mycotaxon
4194:Mycotaxon
4115:Mycotaxon
4109:H. sinica
4042:250596042
3769:Mycotaxon
3656:(1): 64.
3650:Phytotaxa
3604:249054641
3465:Diversity
3259:254288523
1069:reagent.
1043:Chernobyl
1019:Wisconsin
854:Himalayan
754:atranorin
752:contains
742:Trebouxia
721:ellipsoid
701:apothecia
590:Molecular
586:apothecia
548:in 1951.
411:acid rock
378:subgenera
234:known as
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
5014:MycoBank
4949:Fungorum
4889:30017882
4841:Wikidata
4811:50120839
4754:: 81โ84.
4619:88011998
4580:86955920
4498:84584693
4459:84639752
4393:85572057
4219:: 59โ70.
4121:: 23โ27.
3996:85766077
3899:86098427
3860:85801327
3720:85702700
3528:26417313
3392:16368174
3353:94532506
3306:26051144
3298:24225896
3224:92396850
3099:84927575
3034:86253848
2959:86330534
2816:84237074
2774:17276700
2715:85422410
2707:41289794
2649:Brunonia
2625:85672666
2588:: 57โ85.
2578:Parmelia
2329:โ Europe
2265:โ Taiwan
2223:โ Europe
2077:โ Africa
1679:โ Africa
1647:โ Africa
1636:โ Europe
1615:โ Alaska
1476:โ Europe
1445:โ Africa
1261:โ Europe
842:tropical
830:conifers
729:Pycnidia
663:Rhizines
526:Synonyms
521:Synonymy
488:commonly
366:Parmelia
349:Parmelia
345:rhizines
322:Parmelia
317:subgenus
308:Taxonomy
283:Parmelia
278:subgenus
248:rhizines
232:commonly
202:M.Choisy
177:subgen.
175:Parmelia
166:Synonyms
111:Family:
61:Domain:
5068:5342216
4993:1005007
4967:2606460
4847:Q740357
4769:].
4537:3243225
4327:3241719
4088:2394567
3812:3244701
3519:4464406
3333:Bibcode
2752:gene".
2563:3243288
2500:June 3,
2404:โ China
2297:โ China
2244:โ China
2202:โ China
2149:โ China
2138:, India
2113:โ China
2035:โ China
2013:โ Japan
2002:โ China
1980:โ China
1969:โ China
1933:โ China
1911:; China
1861:โ China
1797:โ China
1776:โ China
1745:โ China
1734:โ China
1583:โ Japan
1416:โ China
1391:โ China
1369:โ China
1347:โ China
1250:โ Japan
1112:Species
1011:mercury
1007:sulphur
878:Ecology
868:endemic
762:orcinol
644:thallus
642:). The
584:of the
560:. This
478:medulla
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
5094:382456
5081:HYPOG2
5076:PLANTS
5052:NZOR:
5006:190667
4980:117988
4928:1HYGYG
4876:120437
4809:
4799:
4701:Botany
4617:
4578:
4535:
4496:
4457:
4391:
4325:
4086:
4040:
3994:
3897:
3858:
3810:
3718:
3627:Kavaka
3602:
3549:
3526:
3516:
3436:
3411:Phyton
3390:
3351:
3304:
3296:
3257:
3222:
3097:
3059:
3032:
2984:
2957:
2877:
2852:
2814:
2772:
2713:
2705:
2623:
2561:
2539:Brodoa
2475:: 537.
2439:, and
2308:โ Asia
2171:โ Asia
2160:โ Asia
2136:Sikkim
1884:Oregon
1808:โ Asia
1658:โ Asia
1604:โ Asia
1561:โ Asia
1067:litmus
1049:is an
1031:Zlatna
972:, and
800:Brodoa
750:cortex
727:long.
671:hapter
667:hyphae
515:gumnรณs
510:ฮณฯ
ฮผฮฝฯฯ
470:, and
467:Brodoa
436:Brodoa
421:, and
252:spores
204:(1951)
193:(1937)
191:Degel.
5089:WoRMS
5045:87258
4988:IRMNG
4941:27476
4915:22463
4615:S2CID
4576:S2CID
4533:JSTOR
4494:S2CID
4455:S2CID
4389:S2CID
4323:JSTOR
4238:: 96.
4084:JSTOR
4038:S2CID
3992:S2CID
3895:S2CID
3856:S2CID
3808:JSTOR
3716:S2CID
3600:S2CID
3461:(PDF)
3349:S2CID
3302:S2CID
3255:S2CID
3220:S2CID
3132:(PDF)
3095:S2CID
3030:S2CID
2955:S2CID
2812:S2CID
2711:S2CID
2703:JSTOR
2621:S2CID
2559:JSTOR
866:, is
838:mossy
456:clade
242:, or
220:genus
218:is a
75:Fungi
5040:NCBI
5019:2445
5001:ITIS
4962:GBIF
4954:2445
4923:EPPO
4902:52S5
4871:APNI
4807:OCLC
4797:ISBN
4693:and
4107:and
4016:and
3694:and
3621:and
3547:ISBN
3524:PMID
3498:and
3434:ISBN
3388:PMID
3294:PMID
3057:ISBN
2982:ISBN
2875:ISBN
2850:ISBN
2770:PMID
2750:RPB1
2502:2020
1100:and
1082:and
1061:and
1005:and
990:Uses
926:(on
916:(on
910:),
906:(on
896:(on
834:rock
826:bark
803:and
772:and
748:The
707:are
699:The
692:and
556:and
532:are
505:hupรณ
388:and
133:Nyl.
5027:NBN
4910:EoL
4897:CoL
4709:doi
4607:doi
4568:doi
4525:doi
4486:doi
4482:112
4447:doi
4443:113
4381:doi
4315:doi
4286:doi
4282:115
4236:144
4076:doi
4030:doi
4026:125
3984:doi
3980:115
3933:doi
3887:doi
3883:110
3848:doi
3844:106
3800:doi
3796:105
3708:doi
3704:104
3668:hdl
3658:doi
3631:12(
3590:hdl
3580:doi
3514:PMC
3473:doi
3380:doi
3376:143
3341:doi
3329:102
3286:doi
3247:doi
3212:doi
3208:121
3181:doi
3144:doi
3087:doi
3022:doi
2947:doi
2943:114
2804:doi
2762:doi
2695:doi
2691:114
2657:doi
2613:doi
2580:".
2551:doi
1053:of
1017:in
920:),
900:),
844:to
836:or
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