40:
246:
target-organ infiltration, the clinical presentation of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) varies from patient to patient. Individuals with myeloproliferative variant HES may be more likely to experience mucosal ulcerations involving the genitalia or airways, while patients with lymphocytic variant HES
2121:
Ogbogu, Princess U.; Bochner, Bruce S.; Butterfield, Joseph H.; Gleich, Gerald J.; Huss-Marp, Johannes; Kahn, Jean
Emmanuel; Leiferman, Kristin M.; Nutman, Thomas B.; Pfab, Florian; Ring, Johannes; Rothenberg, Marc E.; Roufosse, Florence; Sajous, Marie-Helene; Sheikh, Javed; Simon, Dagmar; Simon,
755:
The prognosis for HES was extremely poor when the syndrome was first described; however, due to a variety of factors, including earlier detection of complications, improved surgical management of cardiac and valvular disease, and the use of a wider range of therapeutic molecules to control
359:
or brief ischemic episodes can happen after intracardiac thrombi have been embolised peripherally. In certain patients, procoagulant therapy may result in thrombosis of the intracranial veins (lateral sinus and/or longitudinal vein). This condition is linked to persistent
2242:
2222:
2207:
552:
count is greater than 1.5 Ă— 10/L. On some smears the eosinophils may appear normal in appearance, but morphologic abnormalities, such as a lowering of granule numbers and size, can be observed. Roughly 50% of patients with HES also have
367:
When there are no radiological abnormalities, lung involvement can vary from a persistent dry cough and/or bronchial hyperreactivity to restrictive disease with pulmonary infiltrates. There have been isolated reports of
2070:
Simon, Hans-Uwe; Rothenberg, Marc E.; Bochner, Bruce S.; Weller, Peter F.; Wardlaw, Andrew J.; Wechsler, Michael E.; Rosenwasser, Lanny J.; Roufosse, Florence; Gleich, Gerald J.; Klion, Amy D. (2010).
230:
as it shows similar characteristics and genetic defects. If left untreated, HES is progressive and fatal. It is treated with glucocorticoids such as prednisone. The addition of the monoclonal antibody
1565:
Roufosse, F.; Schandené, L.; Sibille, C.; Willard-Gallo, K.; Kennes, B.; Efira, A.; Goldman, M.; Cogan, E. (2000). "Clonal Th2 lymphocytes in patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome".
3355:
2409:
2013:
European
Medicines Agency, Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products. Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: mepolizumab for the treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome. August 2010.
1885:
Roufosse, f.; Bartholomé, E.; Schandené, L.; Goldman, M.; Cogan, E. (1998). "The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: Clinical presentation, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies".
803:
In 1968, the term "hypereosinophilic syndrome" was created to group patients who had several closely related conditions that were all marked by persistently elevated peripheral blood
2257:
194:
Hypereosinophilic syndrome can manifest in many different ways from nonspecific symptoms and fatigue to neurological impairment and endomyocardial fibrosis, which may be fatal.
2835:
1384:
Simon, Hans-Uwe; Plötz, Sabine Gisela; Dummer, Reinhard; Blaser, Kurt (October 7, 1999). "Abnormal Clones of T Cells
Producing Interleukin-5 in Idiopathic Eosinophilia".
3276:
351:) nervous systems may be affected by neurological manifestations. Disorientation, memory loss, and altered behavior and cognitive function are the symptoms of diffuse
2986:
51:
in the peripheral blood of a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome showing cytoplasmic clearing, nuclear dysplasia, and the presence of immature forms.
2939:
2840:
2402:
2687:
324:. In most cases, however, there are no symptoms. A thrombotic stage ensues after this one, during which thrombi form in the cardiac chambers along the injured
560:
Secondly, various imaging and diagnostic technological methods are utilised to detect defects to the heart and other organs, such as valvular dysfunction and
39:
2764:
3135:
927:
795:
designation for HES in 2004 at 1.5 in 100,000 people, corresponding to a current case load of about 8,000 in the EU, 5,000 in the U.S., and 2,000 in Japan.
255:. Myeloproliferative variant HES is far more common in men and is typically linked to symptoms more typical of myeloproliferative disorders, including
3488:
2845:
355:. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathies can include mixed sensory and motor complaints, symmetric or asymmetric sensory alterations, or pure motor deficits.
1802:
Chusid, M J; Dale, D C; West, B C; Wolff, S M (January 1975). "The hypereosinophilic syndrome: analysis of fourteen cases with review of the literature".
3478:
679:
Myeloproliferative HES (M-HES) and lymphocytic HES (L-HES) are the two main categories of HES, along with a few other clearly defined clinical entities.
2395:
901:
1470:
Bain, Barbara J.; Fletcher, Sarah H. (2007). "Chronic
Eosinophilic Leukemias and the Myeloproliferative Variant of the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome".
3256:
668:
1756:"A tyrosine kinase created by fusion of the PDGFRA and FIP1L1 genes as a therapeutic target of imatinib in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome"
320:
Cardiac involvement typically progresses through three phases. Rarely, the early necrotic stage involving the endo-myocardium manifests as acute
2699:
2912:
1175:
3421:
2722:
2184:
866:
3271:
2265:
369:
513:
It is possible that several mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of HES because of the clinical heterogeneity of its patients.
2656:
2996:
2757:
2694:
643:
Since there isn't a particular diagnostic test for HES, the syndrome is diagnosed by exclusion. Differential diagnosis includes
3261:
3172:
3001:
2682:
548:
Numerous techniques are used to diagnose hypereosinophilic syndrome, of which the most important is blood testing. In HES, the
536:. The extent of end-organ damage varies, and the severity of organ damage is frequently unrelated to the degree or duration of
128:
1522:
Wilkins, H. Jeffrey; Crane, Martin M.; Copeland, Kelly; Williams, William V. (2005). "Hypereosinophilic syndrome: An update".
3345:
179:(≥ 1500 eosinophils/mm³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause, with involvement of either the
3113:
2974:
2872:
2717:
2677:
2623:
2474:
821:
695:
rapidly lowers eosinophil levels, it is usually started at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day. Upon achieving appropriate control over
227:
3453:
3388:
2924:
2850:
1971:
Butterfield, Joseph H. (2007). "Treatment of
Hypereosinophilic Syndromes with Prednisone, Hydroxyurea, and Interferon".
2124:"Hypereosinophilic syndrome: A multicenter, retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and response to therapy"
3438:
3219:
3155:
3103:
3091:
2862:
2830:
2750:
477:
120:
3483:
3350:
2727:
660:
329:
313:, or urticarial and angioedematous lesions. These types of lesions are frequently the main clinical consequence of
197:
There are three different variants of hypereosinophilic syndrome, myeloproliferative, lymphocytic, and idiopathic.
2179:
3165:
3056:
737:
611:
456:
in conjunction with known myeloid malignancies, others do not have a known malignancy but do have laboratory or
3241:
3207:
2907:
2777:
2276:
776:
337:
124:
2355:
2934:
407:
2366:
1427:
Leiferman, Kristin M.; Gleich, Gerald J. (2004). "Hypereosinophilic syndromeCase presentation and update".
706:
has been researched the most and has been linked to few side effects at doses as high as 2 g per day.
516:
Despite the lack of knowledge regarding the precise mechanism underlying eosinophil-induced tissue damage,
3411:
3197:
3081:
3046:
2964:
2897:
2820:
722:
115:
3448:
764:
644:
502:
220:
216:
3370:
3360:
3266:
1044:
Roufosse, Florence; Cogan, Elie; Goldman, Michel (2003). "The
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Revisited".
744:
596:
436:, or eosinophilic gastritis; if eosinophilic infiltrates affect the intestinal wall's deeper layers,
1842:
Klion, Amy (2009-02-01). "Hypereosinophilic
Syndrome: Current Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment".
702:
Steroid-refractory HES has been managed with a variety of cytotoxic treatments. Out of all of them,
606:. Testing for this mutation is now routine practice, as its presence indicates a likely response to
2246:
577:
201:
3315:
2627:
1693:
1287:
1231:
983:
469:
406:
may both directly stimulate coagulation and damage the endovascular surface, which would explain
373:
212:
68:
1090:
Fazel R, Dhaliwal G, Saint S, Nallamothu BK (May 2009). "Clinical problem-solving. A red flag".
3365:
3320:
3229:
2709:
2287:
2161:
2143:
2109:
2091:
2048:
2040:
1996:
1988:
1953:
1945:
1910:
1902:
1867:
1859:
1819:
1777:
1736:
1728:
1685:
1677:
1633:
1625:
1590:
1582:
1547:
1539:
1495:
1487:
1452:
1444:
1409:
1401:
1363:
1345:
1279:
1223:
1171:
1148:
1107:
1069:
1061:
1023:
975:
757:
733:
629:
403:
361:
328:
and may separate, resulting in peripheral emboli. Endomyocardial fibrosis causes irreversible
306:
105:
56:
2216:
2151:
2135:
2099:
2083:
2032:
1980:
1937:
1894:
1851:
1811:
1767:
1720:
1669:
1617:
1574:
1531:
1479:
1436:
1393:
1353:
1335:
1269:
1213:
1138:
1099:
1053:
1015:
965:
791:
The
European Medicines Agency (EMA) estimated the prevalence of HES at the time of granting
714:
565:
561:
533:
461:
380:
2742:
625:
for more than six months in a row, along with hypereosinophilic disease signs and symptoms.
3426:
2615:
2330:
954:"The hypereosinophilic syndrome: analysis of fourteen cases with review of the literature"
600:
396:
2387:
2344:
2333:
2327:
1855:
1057:
2555:
2156:
2123:
2104:
2071:
1358:
1323:
688:
603:
413:
352:
348:
344:
184:
147:
77:
2251:
1257:
743:
An option for patients who have not responded to conventional treatment regimens is a
3472:
3021:
2953:
2669:
2508:
2469:
2122:
Hans-Uwe; Stein, Miguel L.; Wardlaw, Andrew; Weller, Peter F.; Klion, Amy D. (2009).
1815:
1578:
970:
953:
710:
491:
433:
321:
1006:
Weller, PF; Bubley, GJ (May 15, 1994). "The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome".
987:
301:
The common and non-specific cutaneous manifestations are either erythematous, itchy
3336:
3325:
2565:
2560:
2544:
2453:
2423:
1928:
1697:
1291:
1235:
1019:
816:
780:
718:
696:
622:
617:
Chusid et al. developed empirical diagnostic standards for idiopathic HES in 1975:
537:
525:
498:
483:
453:
392:
388:
314:
264:
260:
252:
176:
136:
132:
336:, and damage to the atrioventricular valves may cause more acute presentations of
2281:
1898:
1143:
1126:
3305:
2791:
2632:
2619:
2526:
2464:
2036:
1397:
792:
703:
652:
457:
325:
231:
188:
81:
2292:
2139:
2087:
1941:
1608:
FAUCI, ANTHONY S. (July 1, 1982). "The
Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome".
1440:
402:
HES patients may experience coagulation problems. It is thought that long-term
2665:
2604:
2574:
2497:
2435:
2339:
2231:
1984:
1711:
Gleich, Gerald J. (2000). "Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation".
1673:
1621:
1483:
841:
804:
692:
648:
636:
549:
521:
517:
501:
with an unknown etiology that manifests in successive generations is known as
473:
279:
248:
243:
155:
61:
48:
2147:
2095:
2044:
1992:
1949:
1906:
1863:
1732:
1681:
1629:
1586:
1543:
1491:
1448:
1405:
1349:
1201:
1065:
1027:
100:
Primary (or neoplastic) HES, Secondary (or reactive) HES, and Idiopathic HES.
2809:
2637:
2322:
2298:
1724:
1258:"Treatment of patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome with mepolizumab"
1202:"Treatment of Patients with the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome with Mepolizumab"
768:
2165:
2113:
2000:
1914:
1871:
1781:
1740:
1689:
1594:
1551:
1499:
1456:
1413:
1367:
1340:
1283:
1227:
1152:
1111:
1103:
1073:
1001:
999:
997:
528:
by releasing harmful substances locally, such as enzymes, pro-inflammatory
2052:
1823:
1637:
1246:
Last updated: Updated: Oct 4, 2009 by Venkata Samavedi and Emmanuel C Besa
979:
3294:
3035:
2886:
2579:
2431:
2419:
2361:
1957:
1772:
1755:
1274:
1218:
664:
607:
569:
529:
480:. The diagnosis of myeloproliferative HES is made for these individuals.
476:-related tissue damage and fibrosis, that are frequently associated with
425:
417:
333:
283:
275:
151:
2199:
3144:
3070:
2773:
1166:
Longmore, Murray; Ian Wilkinson; Tom Turmezei; Chee Kay Cheung (2007).
772:
573:
554:
532:, reactive oxygen species, cationic proteins, and factors derived from
441:
437:
429:
295:
287:
73:
1660:
Curtis, Casey; Ogbogu, Princess (2016). "Hypereosinophilic Syndrome".
1535:
247:
typically exhibit prominent skin symptoms such as urticarial plaques,
3251:
2800:
2785:
2226:
2211:
2023:
HARDY, WILLIAM R. (June 1, 1968). "The Hypereosinophilic Syndromes".
726:
591:
585:
487:
465:
421:
384:
356:
310:
302:
270:
Patients can develop a range of nonspecific symptoms, including
256:
205:
2375:
767:
and those who respond well to pharmaceutical treatments have a good
760:, the prognosis has steadily and significantly improved over time.
3186:
2303:
291:
271:
180:
2350:
2270:
2235:
1256:
Rothenberg ME, Klion AD, Roufosse FE, et al. (March 2008).
2746:
2391:
656:
428:
are a few examples of gastrointestinal symptoms. There may be
3356:
Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis
372:
development. Chronic illness may lead to the development of
1322:
Roufosse, Florence E; Goldman, Michel; Cogan, Elie (2007).
568:. Chest radiographs may indicate pleural effusions and/or
732:
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved
486:
in lymphocytic HES is caused by populations of activated
807:
levels and organ damage from eosinophilic infiltration.
2072:"Refining the definition of hypereosinophilic syndrome"
729:
proliferation can be therapeutically effective in HES.
583:
A proportion of patients have a mutation involving the
490:
producing more eosinophil hematopoietins, specifically
211:) and reactive eosinophilia (in response to infection,
687:
As a first-line treatment for HES patients' symptoms,
771:. However, the mortality rate rises in patients with
2189:
1754:
Cools J, DeAngelo DJ, Gotlib J, et al. (2003).
267:, and fibrotic disease (particularly of the heart).
3435:
3408:
3401:
3379:
3334:
3302:
3293:
3238:
3216:
3194:
3185:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3100:
3078:
3069:
3043:
3034:
3014:
2983:
2961:
2952:
2921:
2894:
2885:
2859:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2784:
2708:
2664:
2655:
2601:
2594:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2494:
2487:
2450:
2443:
2430:
2313:
2193:
1837:
1835:
1833:
162:
143:
114:
104:
96:
88:
67:
55:
29:
24:
1379:
1377:
520:accumulation seems to have pathological outcomes.
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1014:(10). American Society of Hematology: 2759–2779.
3277:Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia
2031:(6). American College of Physicians: 1220–1229.
1392:(15). Massachusetts Medical Society: 1112–1120.
1973:Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
1472:Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
2940:Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
1936:(2). American College of Physicians: 167–172.
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
952:Chusid MJ, Dale DC, West BC, Wolff SM (1975).
209:-fusion induced hypereosinophelia and leukemia
2758:
2403:
725:, that influence Th2 cytokine production and
175:is a disease characterized by a persistently
8:
1662:Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
1616:(1). American College of Physicians: 78–92.
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1039:
1037:
699:, the medication can be gradually reduced.
635:Organ dysfunction or damage as a result of
3405:
3299:
3191:
3149:
3140:
3075:
3040:
2958:
2891:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2765:
2751:
2743:
2661:
2598:
2538:
2531:
2491:
2447:
2440:
2410:
2396:
2388:
2190:
2128:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2076:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1713:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1429:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
38:
21:
2155:
2103:
1771:
1357:
1339:
1273:
1217:
1142:
969:
395:. Patients may occasionally exhibit mild
639:' toxic contents being released locally.
234:may reduce the dose of glucocorticoids.
3257:Refractory anemia with excess of blasts
1085:
1083:
833:
669:autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
200:HES is a diagnosis of exclusion, after
2700:Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency
1127:"Myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia"
379:Hematological manifestations include
7:
3422:Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
2723:Neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome
1856:10.1146/annurev.med.60.062107.090340
1168:Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine
1058:10.1146/annurev.med.54.101601.152431
3272:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
1206:The New England Journal of Medicine
691:are recommended. Because high-dose
632:after a full diagnostic assessment.
370:acute respiratory distress syndrome
3489:Monocyte and granulocyte disorders
932:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
926:Liesveld, Jane (January 4, 2024).
740:, as the first treatment for HES.
317:in patients with lymphocytic-HES.
223:, or cancer) have been ruled out.
14:
3479:Eosinophilic cutaneous conditions
1328:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
572:, and neurological tests such as
226:There are some associations with
2997:Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
2616:Granulocytopenia/agranulocytosis
2134:(6). Elsevier BV: 1319–1325.e3.
1816:10.1097/00005792-197501000-00001
1579:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02097.x
971:10.1097/00005792-197501000-00001
781:very high white blood cell count
628:Lack of an underlying cause for
3262:Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome
3173:Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
3002:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
2913:Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia
1386:New England Journal of Medicine
645:drug hypersensitivity reactions
576:can show strokes and increased
129:chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
16:Unexplained chronic eosinophila
3346:Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis
1567:British Journal of Haematology
1524:American Journal of Hematology
1052:(1). Annual Reviews: 169–184.
1020:10.1182/blood.v83.10.2759.2759
709:It has been demonstrated that
1:
3114:Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
2873:Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
2718:Chronic granulomatous disease
2678:Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
2624:Severe congenital neutropenia
2475:Chronic granulomatous disease
1324:"Hypereosinophilic syndromes"
822:Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
452:While some HES patients have
228:chronic eosinophilic leukemia
3454:Biphenotypic acute leukaemia
3389:Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis
1899:10.1358/dot.1998.34.4.485234
1144:10.1182/blood-2016-10-695973
928:"Hypereosinophilic Syndrome"
621:More than 1,500/mL of blood
158:counts, and supportive care.
2831:Acute myeloblastic leukemia
2037:10.7326/0003-4819-68-6-1220
2025:Annals of Internal Medicine
1979:(3). Elsevier BV: 493–518.
1930:Annals of Internal Medicine
1719:(4). Elsevier BV: 651–663.
1610:Annals of Internal Medicine
1478:(3). Elsevier BV: 377–388.
1398:10.1056/nejm199910073411503
1200:Rothenberg, Marc E (2008).
1125:Reiter A, Gotlib J (2017).
121:Acute eosinophilic leukemia
3507:
3351:Erythrodermic mastocytosis
3118:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
2728:Myeloperoxidase deficiency
2570:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
2356:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
2345:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
2140:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.022
2088:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.042
1942:10.7326/0003-4819-89-2-167
1441:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.051
723:intravenous immunoglobulin
661:inflammatory bowel disease
503:familial hypereosinophilia
478:myeloproliferative disease
330:restrictive cardiomyopathy
173:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
25:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
3166:Essential thrombocythemia
2082:(1). Elsevier BV: 45–49.
1985:10.1016/j.iac.2007.06.003
1844:Annual Review of Medicine
1674:10.1007/s12016-015-8506-7
1622:10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-78
1484:10.1016/j.iac.2007.06.001
1435:(1). Elsevier BV: 50–58.
1046:Annual Review of Medicine
738:tyrosine kinase inhibitor
612:tyrosine kinase inhibitor
177:elevated eosinophil count
154:, medications to control
46:
37:
2778:hematological malignancy
2695:Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
2657:Disorder of phagocytosis
777:chromosome abnormalities
338:congestive heart failure
166:0.36 to 6.3 per 100,000.
125:chronic myeloid leukemia
2935:Philadelphia chromosome
1893:(4). Portico: 361–373.
1725:10.1067/mai.2000.105712
1170:. Oxford. p. 316.
460:abnormalities, such as
408:peripheral vasculopathy
347:) and central (diffuse
1341:10.1186/1750-1172-2-37
1104:10.1056/NEJMcps0802754
711:immunomodulatory drugs
332:in the final stage of
116:Differential diagnosis
3449:Primary myelofibrosis
3381:Systemic mastocytosis
3326:Systemic mastocytosis
1573:(3). Wiley: 540–548.
867:"Symptoms and causes"
765:chronic heart failure
597:the fourth chromosome
343:Both the peripheral (
221:tropical eosinophilia
3371:Solitary mastocytoma
3361:Urticaria pigmentosa
3267:Sideroblastic anemia
1773:10.1056/NEJMoa025217
1275:10.1056/NEJMoa070812
1219:10.1056/NEJMoa070812
958:Medicine (Baltimore)
842:"Monarch Initiative"
745:stem cell transplant
649:parasitic infections
578:cerebrospinal fluid
202:clonal eosinophilia
3316:Mast cell leukemia
3208:Erythroleukemia/M6
3092:Acute eosinophilic
2628:Cyclic neutropenia
2314:External resources
846:Monarch Initiative
470:hepatosplenomegaly
374:pulmonary fibrosis
238:Signs and symptoms
213:autoimmune disease
110:Blood chemistries.
84:, fever, and rash.
3484:Myeloid neoplasia
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3397:
3396:
3366:Mast cell sarcoma
3321:Mast cell sarcoma
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3252:Refractory anemia
3230:Polycythemia vera
3181:
3180:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3065:
3064:
3030:
3029:
3010:
3009:
2948:
2947:
2881:
2880:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2710:Respiratory burst
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2590:
2589:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2483:
2482:
2385:
2384:
1536:10.1002/ajh.20423
1177:978-0-19-856837-7
763:Patients without
758:hypereosinophilia
734:imatinib mesylate
630:hypereosinophilia
440:may be linked to
404:hypereosinophilia
362:hypereosinophilia
315:hypereosinophilia
170:
169:
106:Diagnostic method
19:Medical condition
3496:
3442:
3415:
3406:
3402:Multiple/unknown
3382:
3339:
3309:
3300:
3245:
3223:
3201:
3192:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3107:
3085:
3076:
3057:Acute basophilic
3050:
3041:
2990:
2968:
2959:
2928:
2901:
2892:
2866:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2662:
2609:
2599:
2549:
2539:
2532:
2502:
2492:
2458:
2448:
2441:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2191:
2180:Cleveland Clinic
2169:
2159:
2117:
2107:
2057:
2056:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1839:
1828:
1827:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1519:
1504:
1503:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1343:
1319:
1296:
1295:
1277:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1221:
1197:
1182:
1181:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1003:
992:
991:
973:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
898:
883:
882:
880:
878:
873:. April 27, 2022
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
838:
715:interferon-alpha
566:echocardiography
534:arachidonic acid
505:syndrome (HES).
462:thrombocytopenia
381:thrombocytopenia
92:20-50 years old.
42:
22:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3436:
3431:
3427:Myeloid sarcoma
3409:
3393:
3380:
3375:
3335:
3330:
3303:
3281:
3239:
3234:
3217:
3212:
3195:
3177:
3153:
3122:
3101:
3096:
3079:
3061:
3044:
3026:
3006:
2984:
2979:
2962:
2944:
2922:
2917:
2895:
2877:
2860:
2855:
2818:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2741:
2732:
2704:
2643:
2602:
2586:
2542:
2513:
2495:
2479:
2451:
2426:
2416:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2331:article/1051555
2309:
2308:
2202:
2176:
2120:
2069:
2066:
2064:Further reading
2061:
2060:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1766:(13): 1201–14.
1760:N. Engl. J. Med
1753:
1752:
1748:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1659:
1658:
1645:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1321:
1320:
1299:
1268:(12): 1215–28.
1262:N. Engl. J. Med
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1212:(12): 1215–28.
1199:
1198:
1185:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1098:(19): 2005–10.
1092:N. Engl. J. Med
1089:
1088:
1081:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1005:
1004:
995:
951:
950:
946:
936:
934:
925:
924:
920:
910:
908:
900:
899:
886:
876:
874:
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
840:
839:
835:
830:
813:
801:
789:
753:
689:corticosteroids
685:
677:
601:tyrosine kinase
599:, leading to a
546:
511:
450:
397:lymphadenopathy
240:
148:Corticosteroids
131:, and systemic
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3147:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2782:
2781:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2674:
2672:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2630:
2612:
2610:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2563:
2556:granulocytosis
2552:
2550:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2445:
2438:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2369:
2358:
2347:
2336:
2334:article/886861
2328:article/202030
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2295:
2284:
2273:
2262:
2254:
2239:
2219:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:Classification
2188:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2174:External links
2172:
2171:
2170:
2118:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2015:
2006:
1963:
1920:
1887:Drugs of Today
1877:
1850:(1): 293–306.
1829:
1787:
1746:
1703:
1668:(2): 240–251.
1643:
1600:
1557:
1530:(2): 148–157.
1505:
1462:
1419:
1373:
1297:
1248:
1183:
1176:
1158:
1137:(6): 704–714.
1117:
1079:
1033:
993:
944:
918:
884:
858:
832:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
819:
812:
809:
800:
797:
788:
785:
752:
749:
684:
681:
676:
675:Classification
673:
641:
640:
633:
626:
604:fusion protein
545:
542:
510:
507:
449:
446:
414:Abdominal pain
353:encephalopathy
349:encephalopathy
345:polyneuropathy
309:that resemble
239:
236:
217:hypoadrenalism
185:nervous system
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
145:
141:
140:
118:
112:
111:
108:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
78:breathlessness
71:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3502:
3501:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3022:Histiocytosis
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Myelomonocyte
2951:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2670:degranulation
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2510:
2509:Monocytopenia
2507:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Histiocytosis
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
945:
933:
929:
922:
919:
907:
903:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
885:
872:
868:
862:
859:
847:
843:
837:
834:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
808:
806:
798:
796:
794:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
750:
748:
746:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
682:
680:
674:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
634:
631:
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2603:
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2566:Eosinophilia
2561:Neutrophilia
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2527:Granulocytes
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2424:granulocytes
2418:Diseases of
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817:Eosinophilia
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787:Epidemiology
762:
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719:cyclosporine
708:
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697:eosinophilia
686:
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623:eosinophilia
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564:by means of
559:
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538:eosinophilia
526:cytotoxicity
515:
512:
499:eosinophilia
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484:Eosinophilia
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454:eosinophilia
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393:hepatomegaly
389:splenomegaly
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265:hepatomegaly
261:splenomegaly
253:erythroderma
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137:eosinophilia
133:mastocytosis
3306:Mastocytoma
2633:Eosinopenia
2620:Neutropenia
2465:Monocytosis
2436:macrophages
2185:Mayo Clinic
1810:(1): 1–27.
964:(1): 1–27.
937:February 6,
911:February 6,
877:February 6,
871:Mayo Clinic
851:February 6,
793:orphan drug
704:hydroxyurea
663:, lymphoid
659:infection,
655:, advanced
637:eosinophils
562:arrhythmias
522:Eosinophils
458:bone marrow
326:endocardium
232:mepolizumab
189:bone marrow
89:Usual onset
82:muscle pain
49:eosinophils
30:Other names
3473:Categories
2790:and other
2666:Chemotaxis
2575:Basophilia
2340:Patient UK
2288:DiseasesDB
1241:2008-03-17
902:"UpToDate"
828:References
805:eosinophil
713:, such as
693:prednisone
580:pressure.
550:eosinophil
518:eosinophil
474:eosinophil
288:exhaustion
280:angioedema
249:angioedema
244:eosinophil
156:eosinophil
62:Hematology
47:Activated
2810:Myelocyte
2776:-related
2638:Basopenia
2432:Monocytes
2420:monocytes
2323:eMedicine
2304:393573009
2299:SNOMED CT
2148:0091-6749
2096:0091-6749
2045:0003-4819
1993:0889-8561
1950:0003-4819
1907:1699-4019
1864:0066-4219
1733:0091-6749
1682:1080-0549
1630:0003-4819
1587:0007-1048
1544:0361-8609
1492:0889-8561
1449:0091-6749
1406:0028-4793
1350:1750-1172
1334:(1): 37.
1066:0066-4219
1028:0006-4971
769:prognosis
683:Treatment
665:neoplasms
595:genes on
544:Diagnosis
530:cytokines
509:Mechanism
215:, atopy,
204:(such as
163:Frequency
144:Treatment
80:, cough,
57:Specialty
3295:CFU-Mast
3036:CFU-Baso
2887:Monocyte
2580:Bandemia
2545:-cytosis
2454:-cytosis
2376:Q2551272
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2166:19910029
2114:20639008
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1804:Medicine
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1228:18344568
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988:39212252
906:UpToDate
811:See also
608:imatinib
574:CT scans
570:fibrosis
494:(IL-5).
426:vomiting
418:diarrhea
334:fibrosis
292:coughing
284:weakness
278:, rash,
276:diarrhea
152:Imatinib
69:Symptoms
3145:CFU-Meg
3071:CFU-Eos
2908:AMoL/M5
2774:Myeloid
2372:Scholia
2282:D017681
2238:D72.12)
2157:2829669
2105:3400024
2053:5653621
1824:1090795
1698:8366863
1638:7046556
1359:2045078
1292:6037384
1236:6037384
980:1090795
799:History
773:anaemia
751:Outlook
653:sarcoid
555:anaemia
497:Severe
442:ascitis
438:colitis
430:colitis
387:,
383:,
307:nodules
303:papules
296:dyspnea
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448:Causes
424:, and
422:nausea
391:, and
385:anemia
357:Stroke
311:eczema
294:, and
257:anemia
251:, and
3187:CFU-E
3015:Other
2987:MD-MP
2293:34939
2258:ICD-O
2252:288.3
2232:D72.1
1694:S2CID
1288:S2CID
1232:S2CID
1131:Blood
1008:Blood
984:S2CID
779:or a
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2668:and
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2247:9-CM
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1989:ISSN
1954:PMID
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879:2024
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3198:AML
3136:MEP
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