1113:(unique diagnostic features) include a basipterygoid process which is longer than wide and a crest-shaped maxillary cross section next to the main longitudinal groove. The lateral tooth field of the tooth plate is broader than that on the medial side, with three tooth rows versus two on the medial side. The rear edge of the tooth plate also has a broader angle (130°) compared to other species in the genus. The postcranial diagnostic features include ilium proportions, deeply excavated neural arches on the mid dorsal vertebrae, a long scapular blade, a pronounced deltopectoral crest, and a proximal humeral end which is broader at the distal end.
122:
2295:
rock against the shoulder girdle rather than sliding. At its maximum forward extension, the upper arm was sprawled out sideways and slightly forwards and downwards. In its maximum rearward position, the humerus points nearly straight back and lies flat against the body, twisting the forearm inwards and narrowing the stance of the forelimb as a whole. The forelimbs were likely secondary to the hindlimbs during locomotion, since the shoulder joint was small and weak while its associated muscles were poorly positioned for strong movement.
4440:
4483:
1613:
1479:
1448:
1426:
1385:
1353:
147:
1681:
1637:
1575:
1322:
933:
4457:
1657:
1548:
1516:
800:
1122:
2451:
4495:
3997:
2279:
investigation, courtesy of Benton (1983). The neck was the most flexible region of the body overall, according to the structure of the vertebrae. The neck and cervical ribs also hosted strong attachment points for muscles related to stabilizing, swinging, and lowering the heavy head. The central part
1083:
include the absence of an infraorbital foramen, a single dentary blade, and fusion between the supraoocipital and opisthotic bones of the braincase. In addition, the rear portion of the maxillary tooth plate has a secondary wear groove alongside the main longitudinal groove, and the medial portion of
2294:
likely preferred a semi-sprawling limb posture, with the hindlimbs more powerful and flexible than the forelimbs. During movement of the forelimb, the humerus could travel along an arc of about 100°. This range of motion was enabled by a narrow glenoid (shoulder joint) which allowed the humerus to
2302:
to fill in the gaps. The ideal posture to maximize stride length was semi-erect, with the thigh about 45° below the horizontal (when seen from both the front and the side) at the start and end of its 90° arc. The knee and ankle joints were rather simple and hinge-like, so much of the hindlimbâs
2376:
have helped to estimate growth rate. Juveniles had a fast growth rate, as indicated by their uneven bone cortex. Subadults grew more slowly, with occasional pauses in bone deposition. Adults had the slowest growth rate, but even then they never stopped growing through their life. Overall,
1155:
Apart from its beak, it had several rows of teeth on each side of the upper jaw, and a single row on each side of the lower jaw, creating a powerful chopping action when it ate. The tooth rows of the upper jaw were hosted by tooth plates formed by the fusion of the
2418:". The jaws allowed for a precision-shear bite to break down the tough plants that they ate. The humerus had a wide range of motion, though the femur was more limited in its ability to rotate relative to the body. It has been suggested that the beak-like
2397:
is in line with terrestrial quadrupeds and far below that expected for specialized aquatic or burrowing animals. Nevertheless, the hindlimbs had much thicker cortex than the forelimbs, which may support strong musculature and a scratch-digging lifestyle.
2352:
had a large foot with tall, narrow claws, though these adaptations occur on the hind feet rather than the front feet. The pelvis and tibia had room for dense musculature, and the stout interlocking toe phalanges would have been reinforced with strong
1075:
is another
Brazilian species from the Upper Santa Maria Formation. The holotype is a large and well-preserved skull, UFRGS PV0132T. Only a few other maxilla and dentary fragments were referred to the species in its initial description.
751:), and reinforced Huxley's new hypothesis that the Lossiemouth Sandstone was Mesozoic in age, rather than Paleozoic. Both Murchison's talk and Huxley's postscript were published in print in 1859. Huxley described
2859:
1001:. Further collection from the same area by Friedrich von Huene produced more extensive fossil material. Huene (1926) informally proposed multiple new names to describe the reptile fossils he had collected:
1164:
bones. The tooth plates have even rows of small conical teeth, separated by a longitudinal groove which receives the teeth of the lower jaw. The teeth had open roots which could not be replaced like other
1798:
genus rather than an exclusive monophyletic clade. As a result, it has been proposed to split up the genus into multiple genera, with one species each. Several of the new genera had been used in the past
1204:
have a single row of teeth in mandible which bites into the groove between the tooth rows of the upper jaw. In front of the tooth row, the upper edge of the dentary has the form of a sharp blade.
891:. Chatterjee (1974) disagreed, noting that the braincase had no special status relative to the other fossils, as it was merely a syntype rather than a holotype. He separated the braincase from
2844:
Catalogue of the Fossil
Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 1. The orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynochocephalia, and Proterosauria
1054:
is regarded as the most abundant fossil organism preserved in the
Ischigualasto Formation, making up the majority of fossils found within the first 100 meters of the formation.
872:(bony scutes), teeth, and other associated material. The braincase was later identified as belonging to a rhynchosaur, but the other bones in the syntype are from a carnivorous
991:) referred to the scoop-like shape of the reptile's claws, while the species name honors Dr. Jango Fischer, who discovered the fossils in 1902. At the time Woodward considered
2264:. The premaxilla is extremely dense, especially towards the tip, and dotted with clusters of pits. These bone was most likely covered in a highly sensitive keratinous sheath.
1180:
had a longitudinal stapedial canal on the posterior side of the spatulate paroccipital process which the lagenar crest extended laterally to limit the posterior end. The
4708:
4693:
2298:
The hip joint consists of a broad acetabulum (hip socket) and an indistinct femoral head, so it would have been broadly flexible, even accounting for the presence of
4584:
2252:, which would have supported the eyes. These presumably allowed for a good sense of vision. The nasal capsules were also large, assisting the sense of smell. Since
3368:"A new rhynchosaur maxillary tooth plate morphotype expands the disparity of the group in the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic) of Northwestern Argentina"
134:
3852:"New insights from bone microanatomy of the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria): implications for archosauromorph growth strategy"
755:
in further detail in 1869 and 1887. Additional specimens were listed or described by
Lydekker (1888) and Burckhardt (1900). A complete redescription of all
608:
remains one of the most widespread and well-understood rhynchosaurs due to its abundance of fossils on several continents. It was named and discovered by
4753:
4678:
4653:
4571:
2280:
of the torso was mostly suited for lateral bending. The shoulder, hip, and tail were the least flexible regions of the body. Other species, such as
1188:
lacks a pair of ridges present in other rhynchosaurs, as well as palatal dentition as a whole. The prefrontal is deeply concave on the dorsal side.
4668:
4031:
3314:
3102:
2694:"On the Sandstones of Morayshire (Elgin, &c.) containing Reptillian Remains; and on their Relations to the Old Red Sandstone of that Country"
4748:
2348:, among others. Scratch-diggers combine a strong lower limb with large claws to loosen and scrape dirt backwards. Like living scratch-diggers,
2422:
and hind limbs were used for digging up food. The genus may have died out when these plants became extinct in the later part of the
Triassic.
4703:
3667:
3899:"Assessing predatorâprey interactions during the Late Triassic of India from bite marks on Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria)"
3742:
Fitch, Adam; Haas, Merle; C'Hair, Wayne; Ridgley, Eugene; Ridgley, Ben; Oldman, Devin; Reynolds, Crystal; Lovelace, David (10 April 2023).
2492:
1143:
had a total length around 1.3 metres (4.3 ft), with a skull length of 13 to 18 centimetres (5.1 to 7.1 in). The largest species,
2381:
had a more aggressive developmental strategy than most reptiles, and its metabolism was likely more similar to early archosauriforms like
4643:
1181:
1084:
the tooth plate is broader than the lateral portion. Both conditions are similar to more basal rhynchosaurs but unlike other species of
3903:
2438:
from the Maleri
Formation show bite marks most likely made by phytosaurs, indicating that these reptiles likely would have preyed on
3744:"A New Rhynchosaur Taxon from the Popo Agie Formation, WY: Implications for a Northern Pangean Early-Late Triassic (Carnian) Fauna"
4723:
4698:
4439:
602:, a specialized rhynchosaurian subgroup with broad skulls, beaked snouts, and crushing tooth plates on the roof of the mouth.
4738:
4718:
2513:
is found in fluvial-intertidal deposits with desiccation along with aeolian deposits with common flash floods. Fossils of
4688:
4663:
4658:
887:, as he considered the name to apply to the rhynchosaur braincase first and foremost, which was certainly referrable to
720:
719:
in honor of Rev. Dr. Gordon, the man who discovered the initial skeleton. Huxley initially named the species at an 1858
146:
121:
4713:
4024:
3142:
1109:
of India. This diagnosis of this species relies on several features of the cranial and postcranial skeleton. Cranial
4733:
4683:
4473:
3293:
Die fossilen
Reptilien des SĂźdamerikanischen Gondwanalande: Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in SĂźdbrasilien 1928/29
3945:
3297:
The Fossil
Reptiles of South American Gondwanaland. Results of the Dinosaur Expeditions in southern Brazil 1928/29
680:. It is generally considered a herbivore that used its beaked premaxilla and hindlimbs to dig for plants on land.
4673:
4146:
1295:
analysis of
Mukherjee & Ray (2014), a study which supports the definition provided by Langer et al. (2000):
4728:
4001:
3211:
4743:
3973:
3212:"A New Species Of The Late Triassic Rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon From The Santa Maria Formation Of South Brazil"
860:, a species which was first mentioned by Huxley (1870) and formally described by Lydekker (1885). One of the
4648:
2551:
2521:
2142:
1868:
1346:
1316:
1033:
665:
3552:(Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny"
2357:. Both forelimbs and one hindlimb could act to brace the body while the other hindlimb engages in digging.
4511:
4017:
2588:
2101:
1674:
877:
818:
4638:
4610:
4460:
2625:
2538:
1232:, a smaller clade meant to encompass Late Triassic rhynchosaurs while excluding more basal taxa such as
974:
962:
704:
673:
621:
3117:
2999:
Memoirs of the
Geological Survey of India: Palaeontologia Indica Ser IV. Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata
4558:
3898:
3863:
3805:
3703:
3563:
3226:
3161:
3059:
2956:
2874:
291:
263:
2791:
2693:
4487:
4119:
3481:
2635:
2572:
2558:
826:
716:
609:
405:
4282:
3269:
2609:
4549:
4392:
4362:
4314:
3829:
3521:
3462:
3401:
3250:
3177:
2898:
2823:
2767:
2257:
2044:
1881:
1419:
1302:
1239:
1229:
1172:
The upper temporal bar faces dorsally and is raised above the level of the ventral margin of the
856:
728:
599:
433:
384:
347:
240:
141:
3687:
3347:, nuevo Rincosaurio (Reptilia) de la Formacion Ischigualasto, Triassico de San Juan, Argentin".
2994:
1106:
4615:
1612:
1478:
1447:
1425:
1384:
1352:
4597:
4589:
3916:
3879:
3821:
3719:
3663:
3635:
3579:
3513:
3505:
3454:
3393:
3242:
3103:"A primitive parasuchid (phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India"
3083:
3075:
2972:
2890:
2815:
2759:
2713:
1044:, with fossils of the latter simply having been recrystallized into a more inflated state via
978:
844:
821:
of India. It was described in more detail by the same author in 1885. Lydekker used the genus
4602:
3794:(Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria): implications for foraging at the sedimentâwater interface"
3141:
Christian F. Kammerer; Richard J. Butler; Saswati Bandyopadhyay; Michelle R. Stocker (2016).
2487:
was a widely distributed tetrapod during the Upper Triassic, present in most locations where
2303:
movement relied on the rolling hip joint. Despite its heavyset body, the limb proportions of
4351:
4131:
4079:
3908:
3871:
3813:
3765:
3755:
3711:
3625:
3615:
3571:
3497:
3444:
3436:
3383:
3375:
3234:
3169:
3067:
2964:
2882:
2807:
2751:
2705:
1254:
814:
782:
579:
338:
201:
3790:"Pachyosteosclerosis, rhamphotheca and enhanced sensory capabilities of the premaxillae of
4499:
4330:
4262:
2337:
1173:
766:
T.H. Huxley found many series of subcylindrical palatal teeth which was the main trait of
653:
227:
3851:
3789:
3547:
3420:
2668:
3867:
3809:
3707:
3567:
3230:
3165:
3063:
2960:
2878:
4399:
2598:
2577:
2466:
2318:
1919:
1839:
1472:
1102:
932:
760:
641:
554:
541:
3272:[On some Fossil Reptilian Bones from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].
2811:
2755:
2709:
1850:
The following cladogram is based on the phylogenetic analysis by Fitch et al. (2023):
1680:
1636:
1574:
1321:
4632:
4385:
4303:
3833:
3525:
3466:
3367:
2940:
2902:
2827:
2771:
2509:
2460:
2389:
2383:
2328:
and other rhynchosaurs used their hindlimbs for scratch digging, a versatile type of
2309:
2261:
1234:
1161:
997:
288:
260:
72:
30:
3405:
3254:
3181:
3047:
1067:
was named by Langer & Schultz (2000), in the same publication which transferred
4413:
4323:
3425:
from the Late Triassic of Argentina: Implications for the Diagnosis of the Species"
3270:"Consideraçþes sobre alguns ossos fosseis de reptis do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul"
2614:
2517:, or fossils previously referred to the genus or its synonyms, have been found in:
2504:
2276:
2249:
1656:
1547:
1515:
1292:
1280:
1221:
1139:
was a stocky and heavily built animal with thick limbs and a broad skull and body.
1110:
747:
737:
708:
409:
316:
271:
3912:
3379:
2842:
3696:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
3440:
3052:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
2949:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
2426:
are another hypothesized food source requiring a strong crushing jaw to exploit.
4543:
4406:
4344:
4337:
4251:
4230:
4209:
4188:
4158:
4040:
3979:
3421:"Reconstruction of the Masticatory Apparatus of the Holotype of the Rhynchosaur
2455:
2394:
1258:
799:
571:
506:
354:
214:
47:
4420:
4296:
4244:
4104:
4070:
2886:
2530:
2476:
2419:
1847:
would be the only species left in the genus under this narrow interpretation.
1271:
1121:
1045:
724:
587:
308:
92:
57:
4534:
3920:
3883:
3825:
3723:
3639:
3583:
3509:
3458:
3397:
3246:
3079:
2976:
2894:
2819:
2763:
2717:
4088:
3620:
3603:
3238:
2500:
2488:
2450:
2415:
2365:
2341:
2329:
2299:
1795:
1775:
1467:
1288:
1217:
1032:
was established by Sill (1970) in reference to rhynchosaur fossils from the
970:
896:
873:
869:
669:
583:
158:
97:
41:
3897:
Chakraborty, Urmi; Mukherjee, Debarati; Ray, Sanghamitra (19 August 2024).
3715:
3517:
3071:
2968:
3996:
3660:
The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals
3486:(Sill, 1970) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina"
3087:
1275:
in 2010). This definition for the genus is reliant on the assumption that
4528:
4371:
4275:
4222:
4064:
3692:, a rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Middle Triassic of England"
2640:
2423:
2354:
2345:
1902:
1833:
1632:
1606:
712:
591:
575:
178:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
3770:
616:, a species from Scotland. It has also been reported from Africa, Asia (
4576:
4289:
4237:
3875:
3817:
3630:
3575:
3449:
3388:
1601:
1213:
1166:
1157:
861:
661:
657:
634:. Some of the early South American finds were described under the name
299:
188:
102:
77:
34:
3760:
3743:
3173:
899:
for the species. Assisted by the discovery of new complete skeletons,
829:
was of the opinion that it constituted a new genus closely related to
4058:
3501:
2333:
677:
168:
4505:
3602:
Ezcurra, MartĂn D.; Montefeltro, Felipe; Butler, Richard J. (2016).
2735:
1147:, had an estimated skull length around 42 centimetres (17 in).
1025:(a robust form), while recognizing their rhynchosaurian affinities.
3546:
Mukherjee, Debarati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2014). Benson, Roger (ed.).
2260:, it was believed that they could sense sound by the skin near the
883:
To remedy this issue, von Huene (1940) elected to abandon the name
789:
have more than two rows of teeth in both the maxilla and palatine.
2449:
1120:
931:
798:
617:
567:
3048:"A rhynchosaur from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India"
2284:, may have had slightly greater shoulder flexibility relative to
4563:
4009:
3315:"Heterochrony in a fossil reptile: juveniles of the rhynchosaur
903:
is still considered a valid phytosaur taxon to the present day.
880:, comprising fossil material from two unrelated animal species.
4509:
4051:
4013:
731:'s broader discussion on the age of the Elgin area sandstones.
620:), and North and South America, though some species were later
2307:
were similar to active and relatively agile dinosaurs such as
1071:
into the genus. The specific name honors Friedrich von Huene.
735:
was the third reptile to be discovered in the area, behind
2995:"The Reptilia and Amphibia of the Maleri and Denwa groups"
1017:. By 1942, he had lumped all of these remains into either
2414:
is believed to have been herbivorous, feeding mainly on "
1216:, meaning that they are reptiles more closely related to
868:
was a collection of bones including a partial braincase,
578:
period. Like other rhynchosaurs, it was an heavily built
2321:, owing to its narrow hip, short tail, and bulky torso.
3020:, ein Rhynchosauride des ostafrikanischen Obertrias".
2275:
is the rhynchosaur species with the greatest depth of
4471:
2800:
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London
1036:
of Argentina. Sill also demonstrated the synonymy of
3482:"Skull osteology of the holotype of the rhynchosaur
3366:
Gentil, Adriel R.; Ezcurra, MartĂn D. (2018-02-16).
2945:
from Elgin: functional morphology and relationships"
278:
4518:
4361:
4313:
4261:
4208:
4157:
4130:
4103:
3850:Mukherjee, Debarati (2015). Goswami, Anjali (ed.).
843:were redescribed by Indian-American paleontologist
723:conference. Huxley's correspondence was added as a
561:
548:
2673:. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 177
2847:. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 297â301.
1101:was named by Mukherjee & Ray (2014) from the
995:to be a short-necked dinosaur closely related to
2499:is prevalent in many formations assigned to the
2324:Several lines of evidence support the idea that
854:was entangled with debates over the validity of
833:. In 1938, von Huene established the new genus
3944:Lucas, Spencer G.; Heckert, Andrew B. (2002).
3788:Mukherjee, Debarati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2022).
3480:Gentil, Adriel R.; Ezcurra, MartĂn D. (2022).
3419:Gentil, Adriel R.; Ezcurra, MartĂn D. (2018).
3313:Benton, Michael J.; Kirkpatrick, Ruth (1989).
969:, for a small number of reptile vertebrae and
895:and named a phytosaur snout fragment as a new
624:off into their own genera. An Indian species,
4025:
3737:
3735:
3733:
2670:An illustrated dictionary of scientific terms
1220:(such as crocodilians and birds) rather than
910:should once again be considered a species of
135:University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology
8:
367:(Sill 1970) emend. Langer & Schultz 2000
2744:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
2698:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
1287:, rather than deeply nested within it. The
1200:makes up half the length of the lower jaw.
947:were previously described under the names "
825:for the species, but German paleontologist
4506:
4267:
4214:
4205:
4136:
4109:
4100:
4048:
4032:
4018:
4010:
3210:Langer, Max C.; Schultz, Cesar L. (2000).
1773:Valid species that were first assigned to
1196:Like other rhynchosaurids, the dentary of
120:
20:
3769:
3759:
3662:. London: Marshall Editions. p. 92.
3629:
3619:
3448:
3387:
1224:(such as lizards). Within Rhynchosauria,
839:for the species. All fossils referred to
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
598:in particular was part of the subfamily
4709:Late Triassic reptiles of South America
4694:Late Triassic reptiles of North America
4478:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3143:"Relationships of the Indian phytosaur
2659:
2434:Fossils of the mandible and cranium of
781:by the maxillary tooth rows. Later on,
460:
399:
3930:– via Taylor and Francis Online.
3308:
3306:
3299:] (in German). MĂźnchen: C.H. Beck.
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
2248:The skull had large orbits and robust
965:(1907) named a new genus and species,
3939:
3937:
3845:
3843:
3783:
3781:
3681:
3679:
3604:"The Early Evolution of Rhynchosaurs"
3597:
3595:
3593:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
2988:
2986:
2934:
2932:
2332:behavior utilized by animals such as
7:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2729:
2727:
955:prior to formally being referred to
3686:Benton, Michael J. (12 June 1990).
2117:
2093:
2069:
2019:
2012:
1988:
1968:
1944:
1894:
1887:
1860:
1853:
1790:species. If this is the case, then
1590:
1563:
1531:
1503:
1407:
1400:
1373:
1337:
1308:
1298:
3950:Biochron, Late Triassic of Pangea"
3904:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3608:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
3046:Chatterjee, S. (10 January 1974).
2939:Benton, M.J. (13 September 1983).
2458:, depicting (from left to right):
817:in 1881 based on fossils from the
628:, is also known by the genus name
14:
4754:Taxa named by Thomas Henry Huxley
3319:from the Late Triassic of Brazil"
2812:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1887.043.01-04.51
2756:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1869.025.01-02.27
2710:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1859.015.01-02.53
2491:are absent. In the controversial
1212:Rhynchosaurs are archosauromorph
770:. Huxley was able to distinguish
4679:Late Triassic reptiles of Europe
4654:Late Triassic reptiles of Africa
4493:
4481:
4456:
4455:
4438:
3995:
1831:) while others are newly named (
1794:in its broadest form would be a
1679:
1655:
1635:
1611:
1573:
1546:
1514:
1477:
1446:
1424:
1383:
1351:
1320:
1269:(a species which was renamed to
876:. This would make the syntype a
813:was named by English naturalist
145:
3268:Woodward, Arthur Smith (1907).
2692:Murchison, Roderick I. (1859).
1176:(eye socket). The braincase of
699:to be named and discovered was
4669:Late Triassic reptiles of Asia
3016:von Huene, Friedrich (1938). "
2860:"II.âOn Hyperodapedon Gordoni"
850:For much of the 20th century,
640:, which is often considered a
1:
4749:Fossil taxa described in 1859
3913:10.1080/02724634.2024.2383735
3380:10.1080/08912963.2018.1438425
3291:von Huene, Friedrich (1942).
3276:(in Portuguese and English).
906:Benton (1983) concluded that
490:Woodward, 1907 (nomen dubium)
474:Boonstra, 1953 (nomen dubium)
420:Woodward, 1907 (nomen dubium)
4704:Fossils of the United States
3441:10.5710/AMGH.17.10.2017.3132
2045:Macrocephalosaurus mariensis
977:, in the Brazilian state of
721:Geological Society of London
715:. This species was named by
574:reptiles which lived during
566:, 'pavement') is an extinct
503:Macrocephalosaurus mariensis
3116:(1): 83â127. Archived from
2858:Burckhardt, Rudolf (1900).
2792:"Further Observations upon
2539:Upper Santa Maria Formation
975:Upper Santa Maria Formation
927:H. sanjuanensis (Scaphonyx)
759:material was undertaken by
562:
549:
4770:
4644:Prehistoric reptile genera
3484:Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis
3423:Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis
3343:Sill, William D. (1970). "
3101:Sankar Chatterjee (1978).
2841:Lydekker, Richard (1888).
2667:Rossiter, William (1878).
2493:Land Vertebrate Faunachron
1782:Other studies have nested
945:Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis
482:Huene, 1926 (nomen dubium)
466:Huene, 1942 (nomen dubium)
131:Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis
4451:
4436:
4270:
4217:
4204:
4185:
4139:
4112:
4099:
4047:
3274:Revista do Museu Paulista
2887:10.1017/S0016756800183529
2139:
2122:
2115:
2098:
2091:
2078:"Hyperodapedon" tikiensis
2074:
2067:
2041:
2024:
2017:
2010:
1993:
1986:
1973:
1966:
1949:
1942:
1916:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1865:
1858:
1786:deep within the clade of
1670:
1650:
1626:
1595:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1536:
1529:
1508:
1501:
1461:
1439:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1378:
1371:
1342:
1335:
1313:
1306:
652:fossils are abundant and
558:
545:
390:
383:
328:Langer & Schultz 2000
305:
298:
277:
270:
142:Scientific classification
140:
128:
119:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
3658:Palmer, D., ed. (1999).
2647:"Scaphonyx" sanjuanensis
2583:"Scaphonyx" sanjuanensis
2567:"Scaphonyx" sulcognathus
2507:faunachrons. Similarly,
2454:An 1894 illustration by
1267:"Scaphonyx" sulcognathus
1030:"Scaphonyx" sanjuanensis
794:H. huxleyi (Paradapedon)
376:Mukherjee & Ray 2014
4724:Ischigualasto Formation
3621:10.3389/fevo.2015.00142
3239:10.1111/1475-4983.00143
3154:Papers in Palaeontology
2575:, Nova Scotia, Canada (
2563:Teyumbaita sulcognathus
2522:Ischigualasto Formation
2393:. The thickness of the
2143:Teyumbaita sulcognathus
1869:Isalorhynchus genovefae
1347:Teyumbaita sulcognathus
1317:Isalorhynchus genovefae
1099:Hyperodapedon tikiensis
1079:Diagnostic features of
1034:Ischigualasto Formation
953:Scaphonyx" sanjuanensis
936:Life reconstruction of
666:Ischigualasto Formation
582:, distantly related to
4699:Triassic United States
3716:10.1098/rstb.1990.0114
3345:Scaphonyx sanjuanensis
3072:10.1098/rstb.1974.0001
2969:10.1098/rstb.1983.0079
2941:"The Triassic reptile
2790:Huxley, T. H. (1887).
2734:Huxley, T. H. (1869).
2615:Supradapedon stockleyi
2589:Lower Maleri Formation
2481:
2126:"Hyperodapedon" huenei
2102:Supradapedon stockleyi
2028:Scaphonyx sanjuanensis
1675:Supradapedon stockleyi
1291:below is based on the
1133:
940:
819:Lower Maleri Formation
807:
495:Scaphonyx sanjuanensis
4739:Santa Maria Formation
4611:Paleobiology Database
3490:The Anatomical Record
2993:Lydekker, R. (1885).
2794:Hyperodapedon gordoni
2626:Lossiemouth Sandstone
2578:Oryctorhynchus bairdi
2453:
2282:âParadapedonâ huxleyi
2273:Hyperodapedon gordoni
1953:Hyperodapedon gordoni
1920:Oryctorhynchus bairdi
1263:Hyperodapedon gordoni
1124:
963:Arthur Smith Woodward
935:
908:"Paradapedon" huxleyi
811:Hyperodapedon huxleyi
805:Hyperodapedon huxleyi
802:
753:Hyperodapedon gordoni
705:Lossiemouth Sandstone
695:The first species of
684:Discovery and species
674:Santa Maria Formation
283:Hyperodapedon gordoni
4719:Fossils of Argentina
4006:at Wikimedia Commons
3022:Nova Acta Leopoldina
2620:Scaphonyx" stockleyi
2317:was certainly fully
2268:Posture and mobility
1843:). The type species
1065:Hyperodapedon huenei
1046:diagenetic processes
1021:(a gracile form) or
918:a junior synonym of
803:Life restoration of
654:biostratigraphically
522:Stenometopon taylori
129:Mounted skeleton of
4689:Fossils of Scotland
4664:Fossils of Zimbabwe
4659:Fossils of Tanzania
3868:2015Palgy..58..313M
3810:2022Palgy..6512626M
3708:1990RSPTB.328..213B
3568:2014Palgy..57.1241M
3231:2000Palgy..43..633L
3166:2016PPal....2....1K
3064:1974RSPTB.267..209C
2961:1983RSPTB.302..605B
2879:1900GeoM....7..529B
2867:Geological Magazine
2636:Popo Agie Formation
2573:Wolfville Formation
2559:Caturrita Formation
1997:Paradapedon huxleyi
1228:is the namesake of
1038:Cephalonia lotziana
1019:Cephalonia lotziana
889:Paradapedon huxleyi
852:Paradapedon huxleyi
827:Friedrich von Huene
717:Thomas Henry Huxley
664:stage, such as the
610:Thomas Henry Huxley
514:Paradapedon huxleyi
479:Scaphonyx australis
471:Scaphonyx africanus
463:Cephalonia lotziana
4714:Triassic Argentina
4393:Macrocephalosaurus
4363:Hyperodapedontinae
4315:Stenaulorhynchinae
3876:10.1111/pala.12146
3818:10.1111/pala.12626
3576:10.1111/pala.12113
3372:Historical Biology
3317:Scaphonyx fischeri
3145:Parasuchus hislopi
2482:
1882:Hyperodapedontinae
1809:Macrocephalosaurus
1420:Macrocephalosaurus
1303:Hyperodapedontinae
1257:that includes all
1240:stenaulorhynchines
1230:Hyperodapedontinae
1134:
1042:Scaphonyx fischeri
1023:Scaphonyx fischeri
993:Scaphonyx fischeri
967:Scaphonyx fischeri
949:Scaphonyx fischeri
941:
901:Parasuchus hislopi
893:Parasuchus hislopi
885:Parasuchus hislopi
866:Parasuchus hislopi
857:Parasuchus hislopi
808:
729:Roderick Murchison
612:in 1859, based on
600:Hyperodapedontinae
487:Scaphonyx fischeri
434:Macrocephalosaurus
241:Hyperodapedontinae
4734:Fossils of Brazil
4684:Triassic Scotland
4626:
4625:
4598:Open Tree of Life
4512:Taxon identifiers
4469:
4468:
4447:
4446:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4000:Media related to
3761:10.3390/d15040544
3702:(1247): 213â306.
3669:978-1-84028-152-1
3174:10.1002/spp2.1022
2955:(1112): 605â718.
2641:Beesiiwo cooowuse
2368:of limb bones in
2235:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2056:
2055:
1931:
1930:
1903:Beesiiwo cooowuse
1764:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1490:
1489:
981:. The genus name
979:Rio Grande do Sul
914:, thus rendering
845:Sankar Chatterjee
533:
532:
457:
439:Tupi Caldas, 1933
396:
266:
4761:
4674:Fossils of India
4619:
4618:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4592:
4580:
4579:
4567:
4566:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4459:
4458:
4442:
4352:Stenaulorhynchus
4268:
4215:
4206:
4147:Archosauromorpha
4137:
4132:Archosauromorpha
4110:
4101:
4094:
4093:
4080:Archosauromorpha
4049:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4011:
3999:
3983:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3954:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3763:
3739:
3728:
3727:
3688:"The species of
3683:
3674:
3673:
3655:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3599:
3588:
3587:
3562:(6): 1241â1276.
3543:
3530:
3529:
3502:10.1002/ar.24771
3496:(5): 1168â1200.
3477:
3471:
3470:
3452:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3391:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3216:
3207:
3186:
3185:
3151:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3107:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3058:(884): 209â261.
3043:
3030:
3029:
3018:Stenaulorhynchus
3013:
3007:
3006:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2936:
2907:
2906:
2864:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2806:(1â4): 675â694.
2787:
2776:
2775:
2750:(1â2): 138â152.
2731:
2722:
2721:
2704:(1â2): 419â439.
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2664:
2638:, Wyoming, USA (
2628:, Scotland, UK (
2338:ground squirrels
2118:
2094:
2070:
2020:
2013:
1989:
1975:"Zimbabwe Form"
1969:
1945:
1895:
1888:
1861:
1854:
1772:
1770:
1683:
1678:
1659:
1639:
1615:
1591:
1577:
1564:
1550:
1532:
1518:
1504:
1481:
1450:
1445:
1428:
1408:
1401:
1387:
1374:
1355:
1350:
1338:
1324:
1309:
1299:
1255:stem-based taxon
815:Richard Lydekker
565:
560:
552:
547:
526:
518:
517:(Lydekker, 1881)
510:
499:
491:
483:
475:
467:
455:
448:
440:
429:
421:
413:
394:
377:
368:
358:
342:
329:
320:
280:
259:
252:
239:
226:
213:
202:Archosauromorpha
150:
149:
124:
114:
44:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4729:Triassic Brazil
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4583:
4575:
4570:
4562:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4514:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4443:
4426:
4357:
4331:Brasinorhynchus
4309:
4263:Rhynchosauridae
4257:
4192:
4173:
4153:
4126:
4095:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4038:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3972:
3968:
3952:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3741:
3740:
3731:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3657:
3656:
3647:
3601:
3600:
3591:
3545:
3544:
3533:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3189:
3149:
3147:Lydekker, 1885"
3140:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3045:
3044:
3033:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2938:
2937:
2910:
2873:(12): 529â535.
2862:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2789:
2788:
2779:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2581:, formerly cf.
2547:H. sanjuanensis
2526:H. sanjuanensis
2448:
2432:
2409:
2404:
2363:
2270:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2057:
1932:
1805:H. sanjuanensis
1768:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1672:
1491:
1443:H. sanjuanensis
1441:
1344:
1249:(2000) defined
1210:
1194:
1153:
1119:
1096:
1069:H. sanjuanensis
1062:
1052:H. sanjuanensis
1011:Cephalostronius
938:H. sanjuanensis
930:
797:
693:
686:
656:significant in
580:archosauromorph
529:
525:Boulenger, 1903
524:
516:
505:
497:
489:
481:
473:
465:
459:
458:
451:
446:
438:
428:Boulenger, 1903
427:
419:
404:
398:
397:
375:
366:
363:H. sanjuanensis
352:
337:
327:
314:
294:
286:
258:
250:
237:
228:Rhynchosauridae
224:
211:
144:
115:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4649:Carnian genera
4646:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4607:
4594:
4581:
4568:
4555:
4540:
4524:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4400:Oryctorhynchus
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4218:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4113:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4052:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3991:
3990:External links
3988:
3985:
3984:
3966:
3933:
3889:
3862:(2): 313â339.
3839:
3777:
3729:
3675:
3668:
3645:
3589:
3531:
3472:
3435:(2): 137â149.
3411:
3358:
3335:
3302:
3283:
3260:
3225:(4): 633â652.
3187:
3133:
3093:
3031:
3008:
2982:
2908:
2850:
2833:
2777:
2723:
2684:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2633:
2623:
2606:
2599:Tiki Formation
2596:
2586:
2570:
2556:
2536:
2467:Mastodonsaurus
2447:
2444:
2431:
2428:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2362:
2359:
2313:. Regardless,
2269:
2266:
2250:scleral plates
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1840:Oryctorhynchus
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1473:Oryctorhynchus
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1209:
1208:Classification
1206:
1193:
1190:
1152:
1149:
1118:
1115:
1111:autapomorphies
1103:Tiki Formation
1095:
1090:
1061:
1056:
1015:Scaphonychimus
929:
924:
796:
791:
785:realized that
761:Michael Benton
692:
687:
685:
682:
672:and the Upper
642:junior synonym
553:, 'above' and
531:
530:
528:
527:
519:
511:
500:
492:
484:
476:
468:
454:
453:
452:
450:
449:
441:
430:
422:
414:
393:
392:
391:
388:
387:
381:
380:
379:
378:
369:
359:
343:
330:
321:
303:
302:
296:
295:
287:
275:
274:
268:
267:
248:
244:
243:
235:
231:
230:
222:
218:
217:
209:
205:
204:
199:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4766:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4550:Hyperodapedon
4545:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4520:Hyperodapedon
4517:
4513:
4508:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4479:
4475:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4441:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:Isalorhynchus
4383:
4381:
4380:
4379:Hyperodapedon
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4304:Rhynchosaurus
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Rhynchosauria
4207:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4189:Rhynchosauria
4184:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4159:Rhynchosauria
4156:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4041:Rhynchosauria
4035:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4005:
4004:
4003:Hyperodapedon
3998:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3975:Hyperodapedon
3970:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3951:
3949:
3948:Hyperodapedon
3940:
3938:
3934:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3856:Palaeontology
3853:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3798:Palaeontology
3795:
3793:
3792:Hyperodapedon
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3661:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3556:Palaeontology
3553:
3551:
3550:Hyperodapedon
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3355:(4): 341â350.
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3336:
3332:(2): 335â353.
3331:
3327:
3326:Palaeontology
3320:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:Palaeontology
3213:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3137:
3134:
3123:on 2013-08-10
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:Palaeontology
3104:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3024:(in German).
3023:
3019:
3012:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:Hyperodapedon
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:Hyperodapedon
2730:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2645:formerly cf.
2644:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:", Tanzania (
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2524:, Argentina (
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:Hyperodapedon
2512:
2511:
2510:Rhynchosaurus
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:Hyperodapedon
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:Hyperodapedon
2479:
2478:
2473:
2472:Hyperodapedon
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:Rhynchosaurus
2457:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:Hyperodapedon
2437:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:Hyperodapedon
2406:
2402:Palaeoecology
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2390:Erythrosuchus
2386:
2385:
2384:Proterosuchus
2380:
2379:Hyperodapedon
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:Hyperodapedon
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:Hyperodapedon
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:Hyperodapedon
2312:
2311:
2310:Protoceratops
2306:
2305:Hyperodapedon
2301:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2277:biomechanical
2274:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2254:Hyperodapedon
2251:
2243:
2239:Palaeobiology
2238:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1792:Hyperodapedon
1789:
1788:Hyperodapedon
1785:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1367:Hyperodapedon
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:Hyperodapedon
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:Hyperodapedon
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1235:Rhynchosaurus
1231:
1227:
1226:Hyperodapedon
1223:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1202:Hyperodapedon
1199:
1198:Hyperodapedon
1191:
1189:
1187:
1186:Hyperodapedon
1183:
1179:
1178:Hyperodapedon
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:Hyperodapedon
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1086:Hyperodapedon
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
998:Euskelosaurus
994:
990:
986:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
958:
957:Hyperodapedon
954:
950:
946:
939:
934:
928:
925:
923:
921:
920:Hyperodapedon
917:
913:
912:Hyperodapedon
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
837:
832:
831:Hyperodapedon
828:
824:
823:Hyperodapedon
820:
816:
812:
806:
801:
795:
792:
790:
788:
787:Hyperodapedon
784:
780:
777:
776:Rhynchosaurus
773:
772:Hyperodapedon
769:
768:Hyperodapedon
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:
744:
740:
739:
734:
733:Hyperodapedon
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:Hyperodapedon
691:
688:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Hyperodapedon
647:
646:Hyperodapedon
643:
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:Hyperodapedon
603:
601:
597:
596:Hyperodapedon
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Late Triassic
573:
569:
564:
556:
551:
543:
539:
538:
537:Hyperodapedon
523:
520:
515:
512:
508:
504:
501:
496:
493:
488:
485:
480:
477:
472:
469:
464:
461:
456:Species-level
445:
442:
436:
435:
431:
426:
423:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
389:
386:
382:
374:
370:
364:
360:
356:
350:
349:
344:
340:
335:
331:
326:
322:
318:
315:Huxley 1859 (
313:
310:
307:
306:
304:
301:
297:
293:
290:
285:
284:
276:
273:
269:
265:
262:
257:
256:
255:Hyperodapedon
249:
246:
245:
242:
236:
233:
232:
229:
223:
220:
219:
216:
215:Rhynchosauria
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
136:
132:
127:
123:
118:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:231â227
36:
32:
31:Late Triassic
26:
25:Hyperodapedon
22:
19:
4744:ParanĂĄ Basin
4639:Rhynchosaurs
4519:
4488:Paleontology
4419:
4414:Supradapedon
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4370:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4324:Ammorhynchus
4322:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4283:Eifelosaurus
4281:
4274:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4187:
4084:
4075:
4002:
3974:
3969:
3960:
3956:
3947:
3926:10 September
3924:. Retrieved
3902:
3892:
3859:
3855:
3804:(6): 12626.
3801:
3797:
3791:
3771:10919/114487
3751:
3747:
3699:
3695:
3690:Rhyncosaurus
3689:
3659:
3611:
3607:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3475:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3414:
3371:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3329:
3325:
3316:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3222:
3218:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3136:
3125:. Retrieved
3118:the original
3113:
3109:
3096:
3055:
3051:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3002:
2998:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2870:
2866:
2853:
2843:
2836:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2669:
2662:
2646:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2618:, formerly "
2613:
2610:Tunduru beds
2603:H. tikiensis
2602:
2592:
2582:
2576:
2566:
2562:
2552:H. mariensis
2550:
2546:
2542:
2529:
2525:
2514:
2508:
2505:Otischalkian
2496:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2446:Distribution
2439:
2435:
2433:
2411:
2410:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2374:H. tikiensis
2373:
2369:
2364:
2349:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2253:
2247:
2141:
2140:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2100:
2099:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2043:
2042:
2027:
2026:
2025:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1974:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1918:
1917:
1901:
1900:
1867:
1866:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1829:H. stockleyi
1828:
1825:Supradapedon
1824:
1820:
1816:
1813:H. mariensis
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:paraphyletic
1791:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1673:
1671:
1653:H. tikiensis
1652:
1651:
1628:
1627:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1570:
1569:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1510:
1509:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1442:
1440:
1418:
1415:H. mariensis
1414:
1413:
1380:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1345:
1343:
1315:
1314:
1293:phylogenetic
1284:
1281:sister taxon
1276:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:rhynchosaurs
1250:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1225:
1211:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1154:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1098:
1097:
1093:H. tikiensis
1092:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:Cephalastron
1006:
1002:
996:
992:
988:
983:
982:
966:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
942:
937:
926:
919:
915:
911:
907:
905:
900:
892:
888:
884:
882:
865:
855:
851:
849:
840:
835:
834:
830:
822:
810:
809:
804:
793:
786:
778:
775:
771:
767:
765:
756:
752:
748:Leptopleuron
746:
742:
738:Stagonolepis
736:
732:
700:
696:
694:
689:
660:of the late
649:
645:
636:
635:
630:
629:
625:
613:
605:
604:
595:
588:crocodilians
536:
535:
534:
521:
513:
502:
494:
486:
478:
470:
462:
443:
432:
425:Stenometopon
424:
416:
410:nomen dubium
401:
373:H. tikiensis
372:
362:
348:H. mariensis
346:
333:
324:
311:
282:
281:
272:Type species
254:
253:
195:
130:
24:
18:
4544:Wikispecies
4407:Paradapedon
4345:Mesodapedon
4338:Elorhynchus
4252:Noteosuchus
4231:Eohyosaurus
3980:Fossilworks
3631:11336/44040
3450:11336/98098
3429:Ameghiniana
3389:11336/93937
3349:Ameghiniana
3160:(1): 1â23.
2677:26 December
2565:, formerly
2456:Joseph Smit
2395:bone cortex
2361:Development
2319:quadrupedal
1817:Paradapedon
1543:Paradapedon
1513:from India
1222:lepidosaurs
1130:Paradapedon
1117:Description
943:Fossils of
916:Paradapedon
864:fossils of
841:Paradapedon
836:Paradapedon
743:Telerpeton"
703:, from the
631:Paradapedon
572:rhynchosaur
507:Tupi Caldas
447:Huene, 1938
444:Paradapedon
395:Genus-level
355:Tupi Caldas
234:Subfamily:
4633:Categories
4421:Teyumbaita
4297:Langeronyx
4245:Mesosuchus
4168:see belowâ
4120:Sauropsida
4105:Sauropsida
4071:Sauropsida
3957:Albertiana
3754:(4): 544.
3127:2012-05-12
3005:(5): 1â38.
2654:References
2630:H. gordoni
2593:H. huxleyi
2561:, Brazil (
2541:, Brazil (
2531:Teyumbaita
2489:phytosaurs
2477:Telerpeton
2436:H. huxleyi
2420:premaxilla
2416:seed ferns
2370:H. huxleyi
2342:armadillos
2292:H. gordoni
2286:H. gordoni
1845:H. gordoni
1821:H. huxleyi
1784:Teyumbaita
1571:H. gordoni
1539:H. huxleyi
1277:Teyumbaita
1272:Teyumbaita
1261:closer to
1218:archosaurs
1145:H. huxleyi
1141:H. gordoni
1128:(formerly
1126:H. huxleyi
1107:Rewa Basin
1003:Cephalonia
989:canoe claw
959:in 2000.
870:osteoderms
757:H. gordoni
725:postscript
701:H. gordoni
690:H. gordoni
626:H. huxleyi
614:H. gordoni
584:archosaurs
498:Sill, 1970
402:Cephalonia
334:H. huxleyi
312:H. gordoni
4089:Crocopoda
4057:Kingdom:
3921:0272-4634
3884:0031-0239
3834:253536021
3826:0031-0239
3748:Diversity
3724:0080-4622
3640:2296-701X
3584:0031-0239
3526:237454269
3510:1932-8486
3467:134557963
3459:0002-7014
3398:0891-2963
3247:0031-0239
3080:0080-4622
3028:: 83â121.
2977:0080-4622
2903:130112767
2895:0016-7568
2828:129039207
2820:0370-291X
2772:219249207
2764:0370-291X
2718:0370-291X
2601:, India (
2591:, India (
2543:H. huenei
2501:Adamanian
2430:Predation
2366:Histology
2355:ligaments
2346:pangolins
2330:burrowing
2300:cartilage
2256:lacked a
1801:Scaphonyx
1776:Scaphonyx
1468:Wolfville
1381:H. huenei
1289:cladogram
1192:Lower jaw
1182:pterygoid
1081:H. huenei
1073:H. huenei
1059:H. huenei
1028:The name
987:(meaning
984:Scaphonyx
973:from the
971:phalanges
897:lectotype
874:phytosaur
847:in 1974.
763:in 1983.
670:Argentina
637:Scaphonyx
592:dinosaurs
417:Scaphonyx
325:H. huenei
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
4529:Wikidata
4500:Reptiles
4461:Category
4372:Beesiiwo
4276:Bentonyx
4223:Colobops
4065:Chordata
4063:Phylum:
4059:Animalia
3963:: 26â34.
3518:34496139
3406:90161690
3280:: 46â57.
3255:83566087
3182:83780331
2495:system,
2424:Molluscs
2262:quadrate
2258:tympanum
1834:Beesiiwo
1633:Zimbabwe
1607:Beesiiwo
1265:than to
1214:diapsids
1167:reptiles
1162:palatine
783:Lydekker
779:articeps
713:Scotland
586:such as
408:, 1942 (
385:Synonyms
339:Lydekker
221:Family:
189:Reptilia
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
4603:4126002
4590:1201042
4577:4821980
4564:4532192
4535:Q134317
4474:Portals
4290:Fodonyx
4238:Howesia
4069:Class:
3864:Bibcode
3806:Bibcode
3704:Bibcode
3564:Bibcode
3548:"A new
3374:: 1â8.
3227:Bibcode
3162:Bibcode
3088:4149134
3060:Bibcode
2957:Bibcode
2875:Bibcode
2528:; also
2474:, and "
2334:turtles
1602:Wyoming
1279:is the
1245:Langer
1158:maxilla
1105:in the
951:" and "
878:chimera
862:syntype
662:Carnian
563:dĂĄpedon
559:δΏĎξδον
300:Species
247:Genus:
208:Order:
185:Class:
133:at the
109:↓
35:Carnian
3919:
3882:
3832:
3824:
3722:
3666:
3638:
3582:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3465:
3457:
3404:
3396:
3253:
3245:
3180:
3086:
3078:
2975:
2901:
2893:
2826:
2818:
2770:
2762:
2716:
2344:, and
2244:Senses
1771:
1769:
1247:et al.
1013:, and
678:Brazil
658:strata
540:(from
509:, 1933
289:Huxley
261:Huxley
4616:38210
4585:IRMNG
4085:Clade
4076:Clade
3953:(PDF)
3946:"The
3830:S2CID
3522:S2CID
3463:S2CID
3402:S2CID
3322:(PDF)
3295:[
3251:S2CID
3215:(PDF)
3178:S2CID
3150:(PDF)
3121:(PDF)
3106:(PDF)
2899:S2CID
2863:(PDF)
2824:S2CID
2768:S2CID
1631:from
1629:H. sp
1600:from
1598:H. sp
1511:H. sp
1466:from
1464:H. sp
1253:as a
1174:orbit
1151:Skull
774:from
741:and "
709:Elgin
707:near
622:split
618:India
568:genus
555:Greek
550:hupĂŠr
546:áż ĚĎÎĎ
542:Greek
406:Huene
357:1933)
196:Clade
4572:GBIF
4145:see
4118:see
3982:.org
3928:2024
3917:ISSN
3880:ISSN
3822:ISSN
3720:ISSN
3664:ISBN
3636:ISSN
3580:ISSN
3514:PMID
3506:ISSN
3455:ISSN
3394:ISSN
3243:ISSN
3084:PMID
3076:ISSN
2973:ISSN
2891:ISSN
2816:ISSN
2760:ISSN
2736:"On
2714:ISSN
2679:2022
2407:Diet
2387:and
2372:and
1827:for
1819:for
1811:for
1803:for
1238:and
1160:and
1040:and
590:and
341:1881
317:type
292:1859
264:1859
48:Preę
37:), ~
4559:EoL
3978:at
3909:doi
3872:doi
3814:doi
3766:hdl
3756:doi
3712:doi
3700:328
3626:hdl
3616:doi
3572:doi
3498:doi
3494:305
3445:hdl
3437:doi
3384:hdl
3376:doi
3235:doi
3170:doi
3068:doi
3056:267
2965:doi
2953:302
2883:doi
2808:doi
2752:doi
2706:doi
2533:sp.
2503:or
1283:to
1184:of
727:to
676:of
668:of
644:of
570:of
4635::
4613::
4600::
4587::
4574::
4561::
4546::
4531::
4087::
4078::
3961:27
3959:.
3955:.
3936:^
3915:.
3907:.
3901:.
3878:.
3870:.
3860:58
3858:.
3854:.
3842:^
3828:.
3820:.
3812:.
3802:65
3800:.
3796:.
3780:^
3764:.
3752:15
3750:.
3746:.
3732:^
3718:.
3710:.
3698:.
3694:.
3678:^
3648:^
3634:.
3624:.
3614:.
3610:.
3606:.
3592:^
3578:.
3570:.
3560:57
3558:.
3554:.
3534:^
3520:.
3512:.
3504:.
3492:.
3488:.
3461:.
3453:.
3443:.
3433:55
3431:.
3427:.
3400:.
3392:.
3382:.
3370:.
3351:.
3330:32
3328:.
3324:.
3305:^
3249:.
3241:.
3233:.
3223:43
3221:.
3217:.
3190:^
3176:.
3168:.
3156:.
3152:.
3114:21
3112:.
3108:.
3082:.
3074:.
3066:.
3054:.
3050:.
3034:^
3001:.
2997:.
2985:^
2971:.
2963:.
2951:.
2947:.
2911:^
2897:.
2889:.
2881:.
2869:.
2865:.
2822:.
2814:.
2804:43
2802:.
2798:.
2780:^
2766:.
2758:.
2748:25
2746:.
2742:.
2726:^
2712:.
2702:15
2700:.
2696:.
2555:?)
2549:,
2545:,
2470:,
2464:,
2442:.
2340:,
2336:,
2288:.
1837:,
1823:,
1815:,
1807:,
1779:.
1610:)
1545:)
1476:)
1423:)
1242:.
1169:.
1088:.
1048:.
1009:,
1005:,
922:.
711:,
648:.
594:.
557::
544::
437:?
365:?
351:?
336:?
198::
98:Pg
42:Ma
4476::
4226:?
4033:e
4026:t
4019:v
3911::
3886:.
3874::
3866::
3836:.
3816::
3808::
3774:.
3768::
3758::
3726:.
3714::
3706::
3672:.
3642:.
3628::
3618::
3612:3
3586:.
3574::
3566::
3528:.
3500::
3469:.
3447::
3439::
3408:.
3386::
3378::
3353:7
3278:7
3257:.
3237::
3229::
3184:.
3172::
3164::
3158:2
3130:.
3090:.
3070::
3062::
3026:6
3003:1
2979:.
2967::
2959::
2905:.
2885::
2877::
2871:7
2830:.
2810::
2796:"
2774:.
2754::
2740:"
2720:.
2708::
2681:.
2649:)
2643:,
2632:)
2622:)
2608:"
2605:)
2595:)
2585:)
2569:)
2535:)
2480:"
1799:(
1604:(
1541:(
1470:(
1417:(
1132:)
745:(
412:)
371:â
361:â
353:(
345:â
332:â
323:â
319:)
309:â
279:â
251:â
238:â
225:â
212:â
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:ę
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
