37:
51:. In it high amplitude waves and spikes are present, randomly appearing and with no topographical distribution identified; also, there is no frequency nor amplitude gradient, indicating a highly disorganized brain activity. Although having this seemingly chaotic EEG, the patient didn't show any clinical seizures while being recorded.
92:
Gibbs and Gibbs described hypsarrhythmia (originally spelled with one 'r') in 1952 as "...random high voltage waves and spikes. These spikes vary from moment to moment, both in time and in location. At time they appear to be focal, and a few seconds later they seem to originate from multiple foci.
120:
Hypsarrhythmia with increased interhemispheric synchronization. Characterized by symmetric and synchronized activity, seen in patients with longstanding evolution, especially in those with West syndrome that changes to
72:
is very chaotic and disorganized brain electrical activity with no recognizable pattern, whereas a normal brain electrical activity shows clear separation between each signal and visible pattern. It is an abnormal
93:
Occasionally the spike discharge becomes generalized, but it never appears as a rhythmically repetitive and highly organized pattern that could be confused with a discharge of the
412:
284:
Vanhatalo S, Somer M, Barth PG (April 2002). "Dutch patients with progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome".
697:
780:
44:
A comparison of an awake, resting (with activity), normal EEG with a hypsarrhythmia EEG. The hypsarrhythmia EEG is from a 4-month old girl with
138:(NREM) sleep. When the episodes of voltage attenuation appear at the same time as an epileptic spasm does, they are called electrodecrements.
611:
744:
405:
674:
116:
Through the use of video EEG and continuous monitoring, five variants of the "classical" hypsarrhythmic pattern have been identified:
759:
631:
583:
128:
Asymmetric hypsarrhythmia. Associated with a brain structural abnormality, and does not necessarily predict the affected hemisphere.
77:
pattern, consisting of high amplitude and irregular waves and spikes in a background of chaotic and disorganized activity seen on
702:
841:
836:
505:
719:
692:
398:
754:
669:
636:
724:
641:
104:
In most cases of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia either disappears or improves during a cluster of spasms and/or
792:
588:
373:
105:
553:
518:
122:
568:
548:
488:
626:
573:
327:
135:
809:
603:
593:
513:
464:
78:
797:
764:
45:
684:
661:
266:
86:
749:
578:
421:
301:
258:
208:
56:
814:
803:
646:
558:
459:
293:
250:
198:
190:
153:
82:
786:
651:
616:
454:
449:
340:
319:
241:
Hrachovy, RA; Frost JD (2003). "Infantile epileptic encephalopathy with hypsarrhythmia".
712:
707:
621:
495:
480:
444:
203:
178:
830:
537:
528:
439:
254:
157:
146:
48:
270:
36:
194:
378:
74:
61:
305:
262:
212:
134:
Hypsarrhythmia with episodes of voltage attenuation. Commonly seen during
425:
297:
390:
365:
108:
sleep. Hypsarrhythmia rarely persists beyond the age of 24 months.
394:
131:
Hypsarrhythmia with a consistent focus of abnormal discharge.
81:(EEG), and frequently encountered in infants diagnosed with
320:"EEG in Common Epilepsy Syndromes: eMedicine Neurology"
156:, hypsarrhythmia is one of the diagnostic criteria for
85:, although it can be found in other conditions such as
355:
773:
737:
683:
660:
602:
536:
527:
504:
473:
432:
359:
141:
Hypsarrhythmia with little spike or sharp activity.
55:
26:
21:
406:
8:
152:Together with developmental regression and
533:
413:
399:
391:
356:
35:
18:
202:
781:Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy
169:
336:
325:
177:Millichap, JJ; Millichap, JG (2015).
7:
698:Dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy
745:Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
243:Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology
230:. Cambridge, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
675:Complex partial status epilepticus
179:"Hypsarhythmia or Hypsarrhythmia?"
14:
760:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure
632:Benign familial neonatal seizures
584:Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
255:10.1097/00004691-200311000-00004
228:Atlas of electroencephalography
720:Early myoclonic encephalopathy
693:Progressive myoclonus epilepsy
1:
195:10.15844/pedneurbriefs-29-8-7
670:Epilepsia partialis continua
725:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
703:Unverricht–Lundborg disease
149:stands for hypsarrhythmia.
858:
642:Myoclonic astatic epilepsy
183:Pediatric Neurology Briefs
793:Epilepsy Action Australia
43:
34:
755:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
589:Panayiotopoulos syndrome
637:Lennox–Gastaut syndrome
519:Epilepsy and employment
123:Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
30:From Greek Hyps= Height
842:Neurological disorders
837:Electroencephalography
569:Temporal lobe epilepsy
489:Electroencephalography
335:Cite journal requires
574:Frontal lobe epilepsy
136:nonrapid eye movement
810:Epilepsy Research UK
594:Vertiginous epilepsy
514:Epilepsy and driving
465:Epilepsy in children
298:10.1055/s-2002-32371
79:electroencephalogram
798:Epilepsy Foundation
765:Epilepsy in animals
445:Aura (warning sign)
685:Myoclonic epilepsy
662:Status epilepticus
226:Gibbs, FA (1952).
87:tuberous sclerosis
824:
823:
738:Related disorders
733:
732:
579:Rolandic epilepsy
388:
387:
67:
66:
16:Medical condition
849:
815:Epilepsy Society
804:Epilepsy Outlook
647:Epileptic spasms
559:Gelastic seizure
534:
460:Neonatal seizure
415:
408:
401:
392:
357:
345:
344:
338:
333:
331:
323:
316:
310:
309:
281:
275:
274:
238:
232:
231:
223:
217:
216:
206:
174:
154:infantile spasms
83:infantile spasms
39:
19:
857:
856:
852:
851:
850:
848:
847:
846:
827:
826:
825:
820:
787:Epilepsy Action
769:
729:
679:
656:
652:Febrile seizure
617:Absence seizure
598:
554:Complex partial
523:
506:Personal issues
500:
485:Investigations
481:Anticonvulsants
469:
455:Epileptogenesis
450:Postictal state
428:
419:
389:
384:
383:
368:
354:
349:
348:
334:
324:
318:
317:
313:
286:Neuropediatrics
283:
282:
278:
240:
239:
235:
225:
224:
220:
176:
175:
171:
166:
114:
101:variant type".
17:
12:
11:
5:
855:
853:
845:
844:
839:
829:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
812:
807:
801:
795:
790:
784:
777:
775:
771:
770:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
750:Todd's paresis
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
716:
715:
713:Lafora disease
710:
708:MERRF syndrome
705:
700:
689:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
672:
666:
664:
658:
657:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
622:Atonic seizure
619:
614:
608:
606:
600:
599:
597:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
562:
561:
556:
551:
549:Simple partial
546:
542:
540:
531:
525:
524:
522:
521:
516:
510:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
496:Epileptologist
493:
492:
491:
483:
477:
475:
471:
470:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
434:
430:
429:
420:
418:
417:
410:
403:
395:
386:
385:
382:
381:
369:
364:
363:
361:
360:Classification
353:
352:External links
350:
347:
346:
337:|journal=
311:
276:
249:(6): 408–425.
233:
218:
168:
167:
165:
162:
143:
142:
139:
132:
129:
126:
113:
112:Classification
110:
70:Hypsarrhythmia
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
22:Hypsarrhythmia
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
854:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
816:
813:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
776:
774:Organizations
772:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
736:
726:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
690:
688:
686:
682:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
665:
663:
659:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
607:
605:
601:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
564:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
544:
543:
541:
539:
535:
532:
530:
529:Seizure types
526:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
509:
507:
503:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:
484:
482:
479:
478:
476:
472:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Seizure types
438:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
411:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:
393:
380:
376:
375:
371:
370:
367:
362:
358:
351:
342:
329:
322:. 2019-07-08.
321:
315:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
280:
277:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
237:
234:
229:
222:
219:
214:
210:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
173:
170:
163:
161:
159:
158:West syndrome
155:
150:
148:
147:PEHO syndrome
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
124:
119:
118:
117:
111:
109:
107:
102:
100:
96:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
63:
60:
58:
54:
50:
49:West syndrome
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
612:Tonic–clonic
372:
328:cite journal
314:
292:(2): 100–4.
289:
285:
279:
246:
242:
236:
227:
221:
186:
182:
172:
151:
144:
115:
103:
98:
94:
91:
69:
68:
604:Generalised
145:The "H" in
46:cryptogenic
27:Other names
831:Categories
627:Automatism
474:Management
164:References
75:interictal
189:(8): 64.
99:petit mal
95:petit mal
62:Neurology
57:Specialty
565:Epilepsy
545:Seizures
426:epilepsy
422:Seizures
306:12075493
271:39542946
263:14734931
213:26933601
379:D013036
204:4747135
433:Basics
304:
269:
261:
211:
201:
538:Focal
267:S2CID
817:(UK)
806:(UK)
800:(US)
789:(UK)
783:(US)
424:and
374:MeSH
341:help
302:PMID
259:PMID
209:PMID
294:doi
251:doi
199:PMC
191:doi
106:REM
97:or
833::
377::
332::
330:}}
326:{{
300:.
290:33
288:.
265:.
257:.
247:20
245:.
207:.
197:.
187:29
185:.
181:.
160:.
89:.
414:e
407:t
400:v
366:D
343:)
339:(
308:.
296::
273:.
253::
215:.
193::
125:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
