441:
42:
660:. If the virus has a low set-point viral load, the host will live longer, and there is a greater probability that the virus will be transmitted to another individual. If the virus has a high set-point viral load, the host will live for a shorter amount of time and there is a lower probability that the virus will be transmitted to another individual. HIV has evolved to maximize the number of infections to other hosts, and this tendency for selection to favor intermediate strains shows that HIV undergoes stabilizing selection.
433:
629:
dependent on which virus was contracted first. HIV-1 tends to out compete HIV-2 for disease progression. Co-infection seems to be a growing problem globally as time progresses, with most cases being identified in West
African countries, as well as some cases in the USA. A study found that individuals who contract HIV-2 before HIV-1 tend to have a slower rate of disease progression, suggesting that the immune response to HIV-2 may limit the proliferation of HIV-1.
73:
664:
towards a population level. Another includes the slow evolution of viral load due to viral load mutations being neutral within the host. The last mechanism focuses on the virus' preference to transmit founding viral strains stored during the early stages of infection. This preference of the virus to transmit its stored genome copies explains why HIV evolves more quickly within the host than between hosts.
625:
evaluated. Combination regimens of the above listed therapies are being looked into as well, also showing variable effect depending on the types of therapies combined. While the mechanisms are not clearly understood for HIV-1 and HIV-2, it is known that they use different pathways and patterns, making the algorithms used to evaluate HIV-1 resistance-associated mutations irrelevant to HIV-2.
572:
HIV-2 diagnosis can be made when a patient has no symptoms but positive blood work indicating the individual has HIV. The
Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test is currently the only FDA approved method for such differentiation between the two viruses. Recommendations for the screening and diagnosis of HIV
469:
The O ("Outlier") group has infected about 100,000 individuals located in West-Central Africa and is not usually seen outside of that area. It is reportedly most common in
Cameroon, where a 1997 survey found that about 2% of HIV-positive samples were from Group O. Its zoonotic origin is SIVgor, which
652:
The rapid evolution of HIV can be attributed to its high mutation rate. During the early stages of mutation, evolution appears to be neutral due to the absence of an evolutionary response. However, when examining the virus in several different individuals, convergent mutations can be found appearing
323:
HIV-1 is the most common and most pathogenic strain of the virus. As of 2022, approximately 1.3 million such infections occur annually. Scientists divide HIV-1 into a major group (group M) and two or more minor groups, namely groups N, O and possibly a group P. Each group is believed to represent an
643:
If a pregnant mother is exposed, screening is performed as normal. If HIV-2 is present, a number of perinatal ART drugs may be given as a prophylactic to lower the risk of mother-to-child transmission. After the child is born, a standard six-week regimen of these prophylactics should be initiated.
624:
Choice of initial and/or second-line therapy for HIV-2 has not yet been defined. HIV-2 appears to be resistant to NNRTIs intrinsically, but may be sensitive to NRTIs, though the mechanism is poorly understood. Protease inhibitors have shown variable effect, while integrase inhibitors are also being
596:
HIV-2 has been found to be less pathogenic than HIV-1. The mechanism of HIV-2 is not clearly defined, nor the difference from HIV-1, however the transmission rate is much lower in HIV-2 than HIV-1. Both viruses can lead to AIDS in infected individuals and both can mutate to develop drug resistance.
581:
testing, must be performed to distinguish which infection is present. According to the NIH, a differential diagnosis of HIV-2 should be considered when a person is of West
African descent or has had sexual contact or shared needles with such a person. West Africa is at the highest risk as it is the
420:
The spatial movement of these subtypes moved along the railways and waterways of the DRC from
Kinshasa to these other areas. These subtypes are sometimes further split into sub-subtypes such as A1 and A2 or F1 and F2. In 2015, the HIV strain CRF19, a recombinant of subtype A, subtype D, and subtype
679:
and genetic mutations, which have been tracked and analyzed. The
Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database and the International AIDS Society publish lists of the most important of these; first year listing 80 common mutations, and the latest year 93 common mutations, and made available through the
553:
There are six additional known HIV-2 groups, each having been found in just one person. They all seem to derive from independent transmissions from sooty mangabeys to humans. Groups C and D have been found in two people from
Liberia, groups E and F have been discovered in two people from Sierra
663:
The virus has also evolved to become more infectious between hosts. There are three different mechanisms that allow HIV to evolve at a population level. One includes the continuous battle to evolve and overcome the immune system which slows down the evolution of HIV and shifts the virus’ focus
482:
In 2009, a newly analyzed HIV sequence was reported to have greater similarity to SIVgor, than SIVcpz. The virus had been isolated from a
Cameroonian woman residing in France who was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 2004. The scientists reporting this sequence placed it in a proposed Group P
628:
Each virus can be contracted individually, or they can be contracted together in what is referred to as co-infection. HIV-2 seems to have lower mortality rates, less severe symptoms and slower progression to AIDS than HIV-1 alone or the co-infection. In co-infection, however, this is largely
384:
Subtype B is the dominant form in Europe, the
Americas, Japan, and Australia. In addition, subtype B is the most common form in the Middle East and North Africa. It may have been exported from Africa when Haitian professionals visited Kinshasa in the 1960s and brought it to Haiti in
453:
The 'N' stands for "non-M, non-O". This group was discovered by a Franco-Cameroonian team in 1998, when they identified and isolated the HIV-1 variant strain, YBF380, from a
Cameroonian woman who died of AIDS in 1995. When tested, the YBF380 variant reacted with an
348:
With 'M' for "major", this is by far the most common type of HIV, with more than 90% of HIV/AIDS cases caused from infection with HIV-1 group M viruses. This major HIV virus, which was the source of pre-1960 pandemic viruses, originated in the 1920s in
2723:
2160:
394:
Subtype E was originally used to describe a strain that is now accounted for as the combined strain CRF01_AE. This means the original, singular, E strain has disappeared, but we know it existed, as it is visible in this combined strain
2718:
2005:"Simian immunodeficiency virus infection in free-ranging sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys) from the TaĂŻ Forest, CĂ´te d'Ivoire: implications for the origin of epidemic human immunodeficiency virus type 2"
527:. Group A is found mainly in West Africa, but has also spread to Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, India, Europe, and the US. Despite the presence of HIV-2 globally, Group B is mainly confined to West Africa.
3030:
2168:
2994:
2713:
3085:
470:
infects gorillas (rather than the more common source, SIVcpz). The group caused some concern because it could not be detected by early versions of the HIV-1 test kits. More advanced
3681:
718:
1019:
Bobkov AF, Kazennova EV, Selimova LM, Khanina TA, Ryabov GS, Bobkova MR, et al. (October 2004). "Temporal trends in the HIV-1 epidemic in Russia: predominance of subtype A".
573:
has always been to use enzyme immunoassays that detect HIV-1, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2. When screening the combination, if the test is positive followed by an indeterminate HIV-1
4086:
542:
show that the virus most closely related to the two strains of HIV-2 which spread considerably in humans (HIV-2 groups A and B) is the SIVsmm found in the sooty mangabeys of the
3676:
2730:
1874:
But P appears to have crossed over from a gorilla; it was discovered only last year, and in only one woman, who was from Cameroon, where lowland gorillas are hunted for meat.
461:
from SIVcpz rather than with those of Group M or Group O, indicating it was indeed a novel strain of HIV-1. As of 2015, fewer than 20 Group N infections have been recorded.
3191:
493:
HIV-2 is mostly found in Africa, and therefore less recognized elsewhere in the world. The first identification of HIV-2 occurred in 1985 in Senegal by microbiologist
2664:
2205:
Nyamweya S, Hegedus A, Jaye A, Rowland-Jones S, Flanagan KL, Macallan DC (July 2013). "Comparing HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection: Lessons for viral immunopathogenesis".
1781:
Plantier JC, Leoz M, Dickerson JE, De Oliveira F, Cordonnier F, Lemée V, et al. (August 2009). "A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas".
3065:
1472:
Tebit, Denis M.; Patel, Hamish; Ratcliff, Annette; Alessandri, Elodie; Liu, Joseph; Carpenter, Crystal; Plantier, Jean-Christophe; Arts, Eric J. (2016-07-01).
2937:
2756:
2706:
2654:
407:
Subtype I was originally used to describe a strain that is now accounted for as CRF04_cpx, with the cpx for a "complex" recombination of several subtypes.
3050:
268:
HIV-1 viruses can be further stratified into groups M, N, O, and P. Among these, HIV-1 group M viruses are the most prevalent, infecting nearly 90% of
497:
and his collaborators. The first case in the United States was in 1987. The first confirmed case of HIV-2 was a Portuguese man who was treated at the
377:
between viruses of different subtypes which are in addition each given a number. CRF12_BF, for example, is a recombination between subtypes B and F.
2864:
2057:"Serial human passage of simian immunodeficiency virus by unsterile injections and the emergence of epidemic human immunodeficiency virus in Africa"
2776:
2606:
667:
HIV is evolving toward a milder form, but it is still "an awfully long way" from no longer being deadly, with severe variants still appearing.
3714:
3025:
2570:
1746:
1084:
498:
554:
Leone, and groups G and H have been detected in two people from the Ivory Coast. Each of these HIV-2 strains, for which humans are probably
3456:
444:
Geographic distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs), and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Africa, 2015–2020
3144:
3581:
2821:
4091:
3004:
2894:
1933:
Bryceson A, Tomkins A, Ridley D, Warhurst D, Goldstone A, Bayliss G, et al. (July 1988). "HIV-2-associated AIDS in the 1970s".
2751:
558:, is most closely related to SIVsmm strains from sooty mangabeys living in the same country where the human infection was found.
610:
602:
440:
3723:
3484:
2746:
2552:
205:
198:
1403:
1976:
3546:
3060:
3040:
2771:
2659:
1293:
325:
246:
type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). These subtypes have distinct genetic differences and are associated with different
226:
54:
3792:
3659:
2932:
2920:
2801:
2761:
1857:
681:
358:
3127:
4018:
3972:
3431:
3055:
2984:
2942:
2686:
2644:
597:
Disease monitoring in patients with HIV-2 includes clinical evaluation and CD4 cell counts, while treatment includes
373:, called subtypes, that are also given a letter. There are also "circulating recombinant forms" or CRFs derived from
72:
3121:
3045:
3035:
2766:
2599:
737:
Although ICTV lists HIV-1 and HIV-2 as distinct species from SIV, they do cladistically fall into the group of SIV.
329:
1911:
1102:"Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in the Middle East and North Africa"
4060:
3707:
3595:
3563:
3551:
3504:
3080:
2109:
905:
3756:
3436:
3286:
3159:
2847:
2806:
1217:
703:
614:
644:
Breast milk may also contain viral particles of HIV-2; therefore, breastfeeding is strictly advised against.
3773:
3654:
3526:
3401:
3319:
3221:
2786:
2781:
2191:
R Kannangai, S David, G Sridharan. "Human immunodeficiency virus type 2-A milder, kinder virus: An update".
1474:"HIV-1 Group O Genotypes and Phenotypes: Relationship to Fitness and Susceptibility to Antiretroviral Drugs"
598:
1356:"CRF19_cpx is an Evolutionary fit HIV-1 Variant Strongly Associated With Rapid Progression to AIDS in Cuba"
3821:
3366:
3339:
3329:
3251:
3236:
3134:
2954:
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591:
510:
299:
269:
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3649:
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3541:
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3441:
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2947:
2915:
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574:
567:
539:
374:
292:
41:
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3536:
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3411:
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3301:
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3206:
3201:
3186:
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2859:
2495:
2374:
2315:
1853:
1824:
1702:
1594:
1113:
975:
812:
708:
1354:
Kouri V, Khouri R, Alemán Y, Abrahantes Y, Vercauteren J, Pineda-Peña AC, et al. (March 2015).
432:
388:
Subtype C is the dominant form in Southern Africa, Eastern Africa, India, Nepal, and parts of China.
3768:
3752:
3745:
3633:
3608:
3576:
3494:
3466:
3416:
3334:
3324:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3231:
2842:
2816:
1298:
934:
698:
606:
333:
303:
2304:"Variation in HIV-1 set-point viral load: epidemiological analysis and an evolutionary hypothesis"
1757:
3809:
3797:
3623:
3613:
3521:
3516:
3489:
3476:
3461:
3446:
3396:
3359:
3344:
3296:
3291:
3271:
3241:
3216:
3176:
3168:
3100:
3095:
2964:
2889:
2791:
2531:
2464:
2230:
1958:
1806:
1728:
1671:
1274:
1076:
1044:
838:
693:
262:
253:
HIV-1 exhibits a genetic relation to viruses indigenous to chimpanzees and gorillas that inhabit
67:
2579:
429:. This is not thought to be a complete or final list, and further types are likely to be found.
4081:
3948:
3571:
3421:
3391:
3371:
3354:
3261:
3226:
3211:
3196:
3181:
2959:
2869:
2826:
2696:
2567:
2523:
2456:
2402:
2361:
Payne R, Muenchhoff M, Mann J, Roberts HE, Matthews P, Adland E, et al. (December 2014).
2343:
2279:
2222:
2086:
2034:
2003:
Santiago ML, Range F, Keele BF, Li Y, Bailes E, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al. (October 2005).
1950:
1798:
1720:
1663:
1622:
1560:
1511:
1493:
1454:
1385:
1336:
1266:
1192:
1141:
1080:
1036:
1001:
887:
830:
781:
713:
676:
638:
506:
169:
50:
1640:
Peeters M, Gueye A, Mboup S, Bibollet-Ruche F, Ekaza E, Mulanga C, et al. (March 1997).
3628:
3406:
3386:
3381:
3311:
3246:
2989:
2513:
2503:
2448:
2392:
2382:
2363:"Impact of HLA-driven HIV adaptation on virulence in populations of high HIV seroprevalence"
2333:
2323:
2269:
2261:
2214:
2076:
2068:
2024:
2016:
1942:
1832:
1790:
1710:
1653:
1612:
1602:
1550:
1542:
1501:
1485:
1444:
1434:
1375:
1367:
1326:
1256:
1182:
1174:
1131:
1121:
1028:
991:
983:
877:
869:
820:
771:
763:
618:
494:
277:
2482:
Wymant C, Bezemer D, Blanquart F, Ferretti L, Gall A, Hall M, et al. (February 2022).
3904:
3139:
2879:
2574:
1886:
962:
Faria NR, Rambaut A, Suchard MA, Baele G, Bedford T, Ward MJ, et al. (October 2014).
362:
307:
285:
133:
121:
109:
1069:
523:
There are eight known HIV-2 groups, designated A to H. Of these, only groups A and B are
350:
3692:
2499:
2443:
Guglielmi G (February 2022). "Highly virulent HIV variant found circulating in Europe".
2378:
2319:
2061:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1706:
1689:
Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, Neel C, Bailes E, Keele BF, Liu W, et al. (November 2006).
1598:
1261:
1244:
1117:
979:
964:"HIV epidemiology. The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations"
816:
3841:
3090:
2874:
2397:
2362:
2338:
2303:
2274:
2249:
2081:
2056:
2029:
2020:
2004:
1862:
1617:
1582:
1555:
1530:
1506:
1473:
1449:
1422:
1380:
1355:
1187:
1162:
1136:
1101:
996:
963:
882:
857:
776:
751:
555:
531:
455:
337:
258:
1946:
1581:
D'arc M, Ayouba A, Esteban A, Learn GH, Boué V, Liegeois F, et al. (March 2015).
4075:
3914:
3909:
3070:
2979:
2535:
2468:
2234:
1658:
1641:
1245:"Global and regional distribution of HIV-1 genetic subtypes and recombinants in 2004"
514:
502:
354:
273:
1962:
1810:
1732:
1675:
1048:
842:
4032:
3998:
3934:
3105:
2796:
2250:"Estimating the mutational fitness effects distribution during early HIV infection"
1278:
247:
145:
1126:
675:
Isolates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 with resistance to antiretroviral drugs arise through
1984:
505:
where he lived between 1956 and 1966. His pathological diagnosis at the time was
410:
Subtype J is primarily found in North, Central and West Africa, and the Caribbean
4037:
3943:
3919:
3009:
2910:
2701:
1423:"Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in African Countries: A Comprehensive Overview"
1371:
1331:
1314:
1100:
Sallam M, Şahin GÖ, Ingman M, Widell A, Esbjörnsson J, Medstrand P (July 2017).
767:
547:
254:
2452:
2367:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2308:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1587:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
501:
and later died in 1987. He was believed to have been exposed to the disease in
4056:
4013:
3984:
3979:
3866:
3858:
2969:
2811:
2639:
873:
657:
656:
HIV evolution within a host influences factors including the virus' set-point
578:
543:
295:
than HIV-1 M group viruses, although HIV-2 is also known to still cause AIDS.
215:
181:
157:
1497:
1439:
538:) (SIVsmm), a monkey species inhabiting the forests of Littoral West Africa.
398:
Subtype F has been found in central Africa, South America and Eastern Europe.
4051:
3780:
3740:
2508:
2483:
2387:
2328:
2302:
Fraser C, Hollingsworth TD, Chapman R, de Wolf F, Hanage WP (October 2007).
1607:
987:
471:
281:
97:
2527:
2460:
2421:
2406:
2347:
2283:
2226:
2090:
2072:
2038:
1802:
1724:
1626:
1564:
1515:
1458:
1389:
1340:
1270:
1196:
1145:
1040:
1005:
891:
785:
17:
1954:
1667:
1489:
834:
401:
Subtype G (and the CRF02_AG) have been found in Africa and central Europe.
369:
strain, which infects chimpanzees. The M group is subdivided further into
3889:
3833:
3804:
3732:
3075:
2974:
2671:
2619:
2580:
Geographic distribution of subtyped sequences in the GenBank HIV Database
1828:
1546:
935:"In-Silico Identification of New Genes in HIV-1 by ORF Prediction Method"
524:
422:
2518:
2265:
1977:"Donor Screening Assays for Infectious Agents and HIV Diagnostic Assays"
425:, was found to be strongly associated with rapid progression to AIDS in
3871:
2999:
1919:
825:
800:
458:
1178:
1032:
3955:
3115:
2556:
2218:
2117:
864:. Vaccines • Special Section on Evolutionary and systems immunology.
366:
2561:
2161:"HIV-2 is Deadlier Than Thought, Despite Slower Progression to AIDS"
1794:
1715:
1690:
1221:
291:
HIV-2 viruses are generally considered to be less virulent and less
2484:"A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands"
328:(SIV) into humans, excluding subtypes within a specific group. The
3881:
2584:
1583:"Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas"
370:
84:
1421:
Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Parolin C, Borsetti A (December 2020).
257:, while HIV-2 viruses are affiliated with viruses present in the
3149:
3110:
1691:"Human immunodeficiency viruses: SIV infection in wild gorillas"
745:
743:
426:
3696:
2588:
2568:
3D macromolecular structures of HIV-1 at the EM Data Bank(EMDB)
2141:
391:
Subtype D is generally only seen in Eastern and central Africa.
3894:
2634:
2615:
1642:"Geographical distribution of HIV-1 group O viruses in Africa"
243:
58:
3031:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
298:
One of the prevailing challenges in the pursuit of effective
1576:
1574:
474:
have now been developed to detect both Group O and Group N.
1315:"Virology. Early AIDS virus may have ridden Africa's rails"
357:, today known as Kinshasa, which is now the capital of the
276:. Group M can be further subdivided into subtypes based on
2714:
WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
1243:
Hemelaar J, Gouws E, Ghys PD, Osmanov S (October 2006).
1531:"Non-M variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1"
3682:
List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
719:
Discovery and development of CCR5 receptor antagonists
942:
International Research Journal of Biological Sciences
483:"pending the identification of further human cases".
280:
data. Certain subtypes are known for their increased
1157:
1155:
3995:
3880:
3857:
3832:
3731:
3677:
List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
3642:
3594:
3562:
3503:
3475:
3310:
3167:
3158:
3066:
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
3051:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
3018:
2903:
2835:
2739:
2627:
2116:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from
1983:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
214:
189:
66:
34:
2146:New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
1858:"Precursor to H.I.V. Was in Monkeys for Millennia"
1068:
520:Many test kits for HIV-1 will also detect HIV-2.
1218:"Introduction to HIV types, groups and subtypes"
2665:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
1998:
1996:
1994:
611:non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
517:in 1987 found that he was infected with HIV-2.
381:Subtype A is common in West and Central Africa.
2297:
2295:
2293:
1075:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
906:"UNAIDS Global HIV statistics fact sheet 2023"
799:Robertson DL, Hahn BH, Sharp PM (March 1995).
682:Stanford HIV RT and Protease Sequence Database
340:(RFs), but only a few of them are functional.
3708:
2600:
2142:"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2)"
1294:"First New HIV Strain in 19 Years Identified"
413:Subtype K is limited to the DRC and Cameroon.
8:
4087:Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
2187:
2185:
2055:Marx PA, Alcabes PG, Drucker E (June 2001).
1981:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
1893:. Boston, MA: Harvard University. 2018-06-29
1529:Mourez T, Simon F, Plantier JC (July 2013).
957:
955:
288:to different medications used to treat HIV.
27:Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus
2757:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
2050:
2048:
933:Dhar DV, Amit P, Kumar MS (November 2012).
756:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
603:nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
530:HIV-2 is closely related to SIV endemic in
3715:
3701:
3693:
3509:
3164:
2990:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
2607:
2593:
2585:
2248:Bons E, Bertels F, Regoes RR (July 2018).
1062:
1060:
1058:
653:in these viral populations independently.
40:
31:
2517:
2507:
2396:
2386:
2337:
2327:
2273:
2080:
2028:
1714:
1657:
1616:
1606:
1554:
1505:
1448:
1438:
1379:
1330:
1260:
1186:
1135:
1125:
995:
881:
824:
775:
218:included but traditionally excluded taxa
2136:
2134:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
439:
431:
730:
404:Subtype H is limited to central Africa.
250:patterns and clinical characteristics.
2104:
2102:
2100:
752:"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic"
3026:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
2193:Indian Journal of Medical Micobiology
1912:"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2"
913:UNAIDS 2023 epidemiological estimates
499:London Hospital for Tropical Diseases
7:
1478:AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
1167:Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy
1163:"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)"
750:Sharp PM, Hahn BH (September 2011).
242:include two main subtypes, known as
3145:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
1262:10.1097/01.aids.0000247564.73009.bc
272:and are responsible for the global
2021:10.1128/JVI.79.19.12515-12527.2005
856:Gary EN, Weiner DB (August 2020).
25:
4019:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
2731:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
2422:"HIV evolving 'into milder form'"
858:"DNA vaccines: prime time is now"
3192:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2752:AIDS-defining clinical condition
1659:10.1097/00002030-199704000-00013
513:, but an analysis of his stored
436:HIV-1 subtype prevalence in 2002
416:Subtype L is limited to the DRC.
332:of HIV-1 contains a total of 39
71:
4061:Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
3724:Sexually transmitted infections
1887:"The Senegal Sex Workers Study"
1292:Weintraub K (6 November 2019).
801:"Recombination in AIDS viruses"
336:(ORFs) across all six possible
35:Human immunodeficiency viruses
1220:. 3 March 2008. Archived from
805:Journal of Molecular Evolution
613:(NNRTIs) with the addition of
206:Human immunodeficiency virus 2
199:Human immunodeficiency virus 1
1:
3061:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
3041:International AIDS Conference
2995:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
2938:Discrimination against people
2420:Gallagher J (December 2014).
2159:Baltic S (11 December 2018).
1947:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92325-2
1747:"Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay"
1535:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1127:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00352
1071:Viral Sex; The Nature of AIDS
862:Current Opinion in Immunology
326:simian immunodeficiency virus
227:Simian immunodeficiency virus
3793:Mycoplasma hominis infection
2921:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
2802:HIV Drug Resistance Database
615:CCR5 co-receptor antagonists
577:, a follow-up test, such as
359:Democratic Republic of Congo
324:independent transmission of
3222:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
3056:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
2985:List of HIV-positive people
2207:Reviews in Medical Virology
1825:"New HIV strain discovered"
1372:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.01.015
1332:10.1126/science.346.6205.21
1021:Journal of Medical Virology
768:10.1101/cshperspect.a006841
4108:
3122:Reports from the Holocaust
3046:International AIDS Society
3036:Elton John AIDS Foundation
2453:10.1038/d41586-022-00317-x
636:
589:
565:
302:is the virus's pronounced
3672:
3512:
3081:Treatment Action Campaign
2797:Tuberculosis co-infection
2660:disease progression rates
874:10.1016/j.coi.2020.01.006
671:Drug resistance mutations
222:
194:
68:Scientific classification
48:
39:
4092:Infraspecific virus taxa
3757:lymphogranuloma venereum
2807:Innate resistance to HIV
2777:Neurocognitive disorders
1440:10.3390/pathogens9121072
1404:"What are HIV and AIDS?"
1313:Cohen J (October 2014).
1173:(3): 203–222. May 2016.
704:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
330:complete genome sequence
3774:Klebsiella granulomatis
3128:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
3111:Gay Men's Health Crisis
2787:Opportunistic infection
2509:10.1126/science.abk1688
2388:10.1073/pnas.1413339111
2329:10.1073/pnas.0708559104
1891:Harvard AIDS Initiative
1608:10.1073/pnas.1502022112
988:10.1126/science.1256739
599:anti-retroviral therapy
3822:Ureaplasma urealyticum
2955:HIV-affected community
2895:HIV and homosexual men
2073:10.1098/rstb.2001.0867
1856:(September 16, 2010).
592:Management of HIV/AIDS
445:
437:
270:people living with HIV
265:West African primate.
3968:Molluscum contagiosum
3847:Trichomonas vaginalis
3786:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
3762:Chlamydia trachomatis
3135:Silence=Death Project
2933:Criminal transmission
2853:Multiple sex partners
2195:, (2012) 30(1): 6–15.
2110:"Clinical Guidelines"
1490:10.1089/aid.2015.0318
582:origin of the virus.
568:Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
540:Phylogenetic analyses
511:enterovirus infection
443:
435:
375:genetic recombination
3928:Human papillomavirus
3817:Ureaplasma infection
3457:United Arab Emirates
2928:Circumcision and HIV
2885:City of Hope Patient
2645:structure and genome
1922:on 18 February 2009.
1547:10.1128/cmr.00012-13
1224:on 13 September 2008
709:Timeline of HIV/AIDS
536:Cercocebus atys atys
421:G, with a subtype D
3746:Haemophilus ducreyi
3005:AIDS Memorial Quilt
2817:HIV-positive people
2500:2022Sci...375..540T
2379:2014PNAS..111E5393P
2373:(50): E5393–E5400.
2320:2007PNAS..10417441F
2314:(44): 17441–17446.
2015:(19): 12515–12527.
2009:Journal of Virology
1707:2006Natur.444..164V
1599:2015PNAS..112E1343D
1593:(11): E1343–E1352.
1299:Scientific American
1118:2017Heliy...300352S
1067:Goudsmit J (1997).
980:2014Sci...346...56F
817:1995JMolE..40..249R
699:History of HIV/AIDS
607:protease inhibitors
334:open reading frames
304:genetic variability
3810:Treponema pallidum
3798:Mycoplasma hominis
3582:Dominican Republic
2965:HIV/AIDS denialism
2890:Women and HIV/AIDS
2880:The London Patient
2747:Signs and symptoms
2655:CDC classification
2573:2020-08-08 at the
826:10.1007/BF00163230
694:HIV superinfection
446:
438:
4069:
4068:
3961:HSV-1 & HSV-2
3949:Hepatitis B virus
3690:
3689:
3668:
3667:
3590:
3589:
3071:The SING Campaign
2960:HIV/AIDS activism
2948:Cost of treatment
2870:Timothy Ray Brown
2865:World AIDS Museum
2494:(6580): 540–545.
2266:10.1093/ve/vey029
2067:(1410): 911–920.
1916:HIV/AIDS Workshop
1179:10.1159/000445852
1086:978-0-19-509728-3
1033:10.1002/jmv.20177
714:HIV/AIDS research
677:natural selection
639:HIV and pregnancy
619:fusion inhibitors
507:cryptosporidiosis
300:management of HIV
236:
235:
230:(subgroups i, ii)
171:Orthoretrovirinae
62:
51:Phylogenetic tree
16:(Redirected from
4099:
4048:
4029:
4010:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3694:
3660:Papua New Guinea
3510:
3165:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2586:
2540:
2539:
2521:
2511:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2299:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2219:10.1002/rmv.1739
2202:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2167:. Archived from
2156:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2106:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1918:. Archived from
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1833:Associated Press
1821:
1815:
1814:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1756:. Archived from
1754:Abbott Molecular
1751:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1718:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1661:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1264:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1074:
1064:
1053:
1052:
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
959:
950:
949:
939:
930:
924:
923:
921:
920:
910:
902:
896:
895:
885:
853:
847:
846:
828:
796:
790:
789:
779:
747:
738:
735:
495:Souleymane Mboup
278:genetic sequence
190:Groups included
76:
75:
49:
44:
32:
21:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4044:
4025:
4006:
3997:
3991:
3935:Genital warts (
3876:
3853:
3828:
3727:
3721:
3691:
3686:
3664:
3638:
3586:
3558:
3499:
3471:
3417:Myanmar (Burma)
3306:
3154:
3140:Day Without Art
3086:The Global Fund
3014:
2943:Economic impact
2899:
2831:
2735:
2687:pathophysiology
2623:
2613:
2575:Wayback Machine
2549:
2544:
2543:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2301:
2300:
2291:
2254:Virus Evolution
2247:
2246:
2242:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1987:on 11 May 2009.
1975:
1974:
1970:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1866:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1795:10.1038/nm.2016
1783:Nature Medicine
1780:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1716:10.1038/444164a
1688:
1687:
1683:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1325:(6205): 21–22.
1312:
1311:
1307:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1255:(16): W13–W23.
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1204:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1018:
1017:
1013:
974:(6205): 56–61.
961:
960:
953:
937:
932:
931:
927:
918:
916:
908:
904:
903:
899:
855:
854:
850:
798:
797:
793:
749:
748:
741:
736:
732:
727:
690:
673:
650:
641:
635:
594:
588:
570:
564:
532:sooty mangabeys
491:
480:
467:
451:
363:zoonotic origin
346:
321:
316:
308:viral evolution
286:drug resistance
248:epidemiological
240:subtypes of HIV
135:Revtraviricetes
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4003:
4001:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3956:Herpes simplex
3953:
3941:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3842:Trichomoniasis
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3750:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:United Kingdom
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3098:
3096:YAA/Youthforce
3093:
3091:World AIDS Day
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:Berlin Patient
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:Superinfection
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Cardiomyopathy
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2724:Teens / Adults
2721:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2565:
2559:
2548:
2547:External links
2545:
2542:
2541:
2474:
2435:
2412:
2353:
2289:
2240:
2197:
2181:
2151:
2130:
2096:
2044:
1990:
1968:
1925:
1903:
1878:
1863:New York Times
1845:
1816:
1789:(8): 871–872.
1773:
1738:
1681:
1652:(4): 493–498.
1632:
1570:
1541:(3): 448–461.
1521:
1484:(7): 676–688.
1464:
1413:
1408:Be in the KNOW
1395:
1366:(3): 244–254.
1346:
1305:
1284:
1235:
1202:
1151:
1092:
1085:
1054:
1027:(2): 191–196.
1011:
951:
925:
915:. UNAIDS. 2023
897:
848:
811:(3): 249–259.
791:
762:(1): a006841.
739:
729:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
689:
686:
672:
669:
649:
646:
637:Main article:
634:
631:
590:Main article:
587:
584:
566:Main article:
563:
560:
556:dead-end hosts
490:
487:
479:
476:
466:
463:
456:viral envelope
450:
447:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
382:
345:
342:
338:reading frames
320:
317:
315:
312:
259:sooty mangabey
234:
233:
232:
231:
220:
219:
212:
211:
210:
209:
202:
192:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
143:
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
123:Artverviricota
119:
115:
114:
107:
103:
102:
95:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4104:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4062:
4058:
4055:
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4047:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3994:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3887:
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3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3596:South America
3593:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3552:New York City
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:United States
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:North America
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:Sex education
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:Lipodystrophy
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:(2): vey029.
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:(4): 221–40.
2212:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2171:on 2019-04-19
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2120:on 2016-11-07
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:(8604): 221.
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1763:on 2007-09-21
1759:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1701:(7116): 164.
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
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1522:
1517:
1513:
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1475:
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1465:
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1436:
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1369:
1365:
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1209:
1207:
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1194:
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1184:
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1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
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1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:(7): e00352.
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
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1012:
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1003:
998:
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973:
969:
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907:
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875:
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867:
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840:
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769:
765:
761:
757:
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740:
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731:
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720:
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712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
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685:
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670:
668:
665:
661:
659:
654:
647:
645:
640:
632:
630:
626:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
593:
585:
583:
580:
576:
569:
561:
559:
557:
551:
549:
546:, in western
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
521:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:Guinea-Bissau
500:
496:
488:
486:
484:
477:
475:
473:
464:
462:
460:
457:
448:
442:
434:
430:
428:
424:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Belgian Congo
352:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
318:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
293:transmissible
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:AIDS pandemic
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
229:
228:
224:
223:
221:
217:
216:Cladistically
213:
208:
207:
203:
201:
200:
196:
195:
193:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4045:
4033:Epididymitis
4026:
4007:
3999:inflammation
3983:
3971:
3947:
3936:
3927:
3893:
3845:
3820:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3760:
3744:
3447:Taiwan (ROC)
3437:Saudi Arabia
3287:South Africa
3120:
3106:Larry Kramer
2848:Epidemiology
2649:
2564:at Avert.org
2519:1887/3502598
2491:
2487:
2477:
2444:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2415:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2311:
2307:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:the original
2164:
2154:
2145:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:the original
2113:
2064:
2060:
2012:
2008:
1985:the original
1980:
1971:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1920:the original
1915:
1906:
1895:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1873:
1867:. Retrieved
1861:
1848:
1837:. Retrieved
1835:. 2009-08-03
1819:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1753:
1741:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1590:
1586:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1433:(12): 1072.
1430:
1426:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1363:
1360:eBioMedicine
1359:
1349:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1297:
1287:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1170:
1166:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1070:
1024:
1020:
1014:
971:
967:
945:
941:
928:
917:. Retrieved
912:
900:
865:
861:
851:
808:
804:
794:
759:
755:
733:
674:
666:
662:
655:
651:
642:
627:
623:
595:
575:western blot
571:
552:
535:
529:
522:
519:
492:
485:
481:
468:
452:
419:
351:LĂ©opoldville
347:
322:
297:
290:
267:
252:
239:
237:
225:
204:
197:
182:
170:
159:Retroviridae
158:
147:Ortervirales
146:
134:
122:
111:Pararnavirae
110:
98:
91:
81:(unranked):
29:
4038:Prostatitis
3944:Hepatitis B
3895:HIV-1/HIV-2
3769:Donovanosis
3655:New Zealand
3527:El Salvador
3432:Philippines
3402:North Korea
3355:China (PRC)
3320:Afghanistan
3010:Product Red
2911:AIDS orphan
2767:Nephropathy
2702:vaccination
948:(7): 52–54.
548:Ivory Coast
361:(DRC). Its
314:Major types
255:West Africa
166:Subfamily:
18:HIV subtype
4076:Categories
4057:Urethritis
4014:Cervicitis
3985:Zika virus
3980:Zika fever
3867:Crab louse
3367:East Timor
3340:Bangladesh
3330:Azerbaijan
3252:Mozambique
3237:Madagascar
2970:Red ribbon
2812:Serostatus
2740:Conditions
2692:prevention
2682:management
2640:Lentivirus
2424:. BBC News
2175:2018-12-28
2124:2014-10-24
1897:2020-06-18
1869:2010-09-17
1839:2009-08-03
1767:2008-05-18
919:2023-09-19
725:References
658:viral load
609:(PI), and
586:Treatments
579:amino acid
544:Tai forest
306:and rapid
263:vulnerable
183:Lentivirus
4052:Proctitis
3937:condyloma
3859:Parasitic
3834:Protozoal
3781:Gonorrhea
3753:Chlamydia
3741:Chancroid
3733:Bacterial
3650:Australia
3604:Argentina
3564:Caribbean
3542:Nicaragua
3532:Guatemala
3442:Sri Lanka
3377:Indonesia
3160:Locations
3101:"Free Me"
2827:Pregnancy
2822:Nutrition
2677:diagnosis
2562:HIV Types
2536:246530612
2469:246530234
2235:206448956
1854:McNeil DG
1498:0889-2229
1427:Pathogens
868:: 21–27.
648:Evolution
633:Pregnancy
605:(NRTIs),
562:Diagnosis
472:HIV tests
282:virulence
106:Kingdom:
99:Riboviria
4082:HIV/AIDS
3905:cervical
3805:Syphilis
3619:Colombia
3537:Honduras
3452:Thailand
3427:Pakistan
3412:Malaysia
3350:Cambodia
3302:Zimbabwe
3282:Tanzania
3207:Ethiopia
3202:Eswatini
3187:Botswana
3076:Solidays
2975:Safe sex
2916:Religion
2860:Timeline
2782:Pruritus
2719:Children
2697:research
2672:HIV/AIDS
2650:subtypes
2571:Archived
2553:HIV/AIDS
2528:35113714
2461:35115695
2407:25453107
2348:17954909
2284:30310682
2227:23444290
2165:Medscape
2091:11405938
2039:16160179
1963:32378074
1829:CBC News
1811:76837833
1803:19648927
1733:27475571
1725:17093443
1676:24238394
1627:25733890
1565:23824367
1516:26861573
1459:33371264
1390:26137563
1341:25278591
1271:17053344
1197:27403093
1146:28725873
1049:33267610
1041:15332265
1006:25278604
892:32259744
843:19728830
786:22229120
688:See also
525:pandemic
423:protease
154:Family:
118:Phylum:
3996:General
3901:Cancer
3872:Scabies
3643:Oceania
3634:Uruguay
3609:Bolivia
3577:Jamaica
3495:Ukraine
3467:Vietnam
3335:Bahrain
3325:Armenia
3277:Senegal
3267:Nigeria
3257:Namibia
3232:Lesotho
3019:Culture
3000:HIV.gov
2843:History
2836:History
2496:Bibcode
2488:Science
2428:20 July
2398:4273423
2375:Bibcode
2339:2077275
2316:Bibcode
2275:6172364
2114:AidInfo
2082:1088484
2030:1211554
1955:2899693
1703:Bibcode
1668:9084797
1618:4371950
1595:Bibcode
1556:3719493
1507:4931737
1450:7766877
1381:4484819
1319:Science
1279:7354033
1188:4924471
1137:5506879
1114:Bibcode
1106:Heliyon
997:4254776
976:Bibcode
968:Science
883:7195337
835:7723052
813:Bibcode
777:3234451
601:(ART),
478:Group P
465:Group O
459:antigen
449:Group N
365:is the
344:Group M
178:Genus:
142:Order:
130:Class:
61:viruses
53:of the
4046:either
4008:female
3915:penile
3910:vulvar
3624:Guyana
3614:Brazil
3522:Mexico
3517:Canada
3490:Russia
3477:Europe
3462:Turkey
3397:Jordan
3360:Yunnan
3345:Bhutan
3297:Zambia
3292:Uganda
3272:Rwanda
3242:Malawi
3217:Guinea
3177:Angola
3169:Africa
3116:ACT UP
2904:Social
2622:topics
2557:Curlie
2534:
2526:
2467:
2459:
2445:Nature
2405:
2395:
2346:
2336:
2282:
2272:
2233:
2225:
2089:
2079:
2037:
2027:
1961:
1953:
1935:Lancet
1809:
1801:
1731:
1723:
1695:Nature
1674:
1666:
1625:
1615:
1563:
1553:
1514:
1504:
1496:
1457:
1447:
1388:
1378:
1339:
1277:
1269:
1228:25 May
1195:
1185:
1144:
1134:
1083:
1047:
1039:
1004:
994:
890:
880:
841:
833:
784:
774:
371:clades
367:SIVcpz
353:, the
3930:(HPV)
3882:Viral
3726:(STI)
3572:Haiti
3422:Nepal
3392:Japan
3372:India
3262:Niger
3227:Kenya
3212:Ghana
3197:Egypt
3182:Benin
2532:S2CID
2465:S2CID
2231:S2CID
1959:S2CID
1807:S2CID
1761:(PDF)
1750:(PDF)
1729:S2CID
1672:S2CID
1275:S2CID
1077:51–58
1045:S2CID
938:(PDF)
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