203:, have all condemned forced HIV testing actions as infringements on human rights and conflicting with proven public health measures that are successful in preventing HIV transmission. Sex workers in Malawi and Greece have been forced to undergo HIV testing and those who tested HIV-positive were criminalized. Stigmatizing measures discourage HIV-positive people from seeking voluntary and confidential counseling, testing and treatment.
33:
292:
spent the next four years celibate," while an ICW member in the United
Kingdom found that she preferred the use of condoms and "in some ways has made me more assertive sexually." It is vital to note that a positive diagnosis of the disease does not only affect illegal drug users or promiscuous individuals and that their basic sexual desires do not fade.
323:, helped counteract stigma towards those living with HIV and made the topic less taboo. As HIV advocate Gary Bell claims: "I remember there was quite a buzz about it. I think the good news was that it got people talking about HIV in a way that they really weren't, because HIV was always that thing we really didn't want to talk about."
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there is a need for service providers to understand women's relationships impact on their ability to access treatment and other health services. In many cases, HIV-positive realities include husbands or partners who have not or are unwilling to be tested for HIV forcing their HIV-positive spouse into
210:
Emma Bell and Luisa Orza argue HIV and sexual and reproductive health programmes and policies fail to recognize the complexity of HIV-positive people's lives and the context in which their sexual and reproductive choices are situated. Services do not prepare people for the consequences of a positive
291:
Each individual deals with an HIV diagnosis and their post-diagnosis sexual activity in different ways. Some individuals with HIV may decide to practice abstinence, while others may continue to have sex. An ICW member from
Zimbabwe stated at a session in Toronto that her "relationship ended, and I
271:
that accompany the diagnosis in most societies, a large number of support groups have been formed. In these groups, the term most often applied to people who are HIV-positive is "People Living With HIV/AIDS". This is often abbreviated as "PLWHA" or "PLHIV". Recently, "People Living
Positively" has
219:
Diagnosis and gender play corresponding roles in recognizing the lives of those who live with HIV/AIDS. Women have not been diagnosed as early as men because their symptoms were not as obvious and doctors were not as likely to search for the disease in them as they are for men. This has also been
287:
For women who are HIV-positive and also in relationships, sexual expression and communication may become an issue of conflict. Their natural human desires of love, trust and intimacy might go unrecognized in programs such as ABC (Abstinence, Being faithful, Condom use) and as a member of the ICW
259:, those who can maintain very low levels of viral loads, there have been reports of cases of individuals who have undetectable levels. Loreen Willenberg from USA was announced as the first such case in 2019 and in 2021 another case from Argentina dubbed "the Esperanza patient".
166:(UNAIDS), 38.4 million people were infected with HIV at the end of 2021. That same year, some 1.5 million people became newly infected, and 650,000 died of AIDS-related causes, including 98,000 children. More than two-thirds of new HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
220:
based on the fact that far more men than women participated in clinical trials and women were therefore under-represented. Barbara Ogur has pointed out that the stigma of illegal drug use and multiple partners has also led to a lack of care and noticeability for women.
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Stigma attached with the disease makes it particularly harder for children living with HIV and their caregivers. Caregiving goes beyond the child-caregiver dynamic, and is intertwined with the local community and the healthcare and support system structures.
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from the bone marrow of a donor who was immune to AIDS due to a genetic mutation. Since then also has been confirmed as a 3rd patient, a woman who received an umbilical cord transplant from a donor with immunity.
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Turk, Gabriela; Seiger, Kyra; Lian, Xiaodong; Sun, Weiwei; Parsons, Elizabeth M.; Gao, Ce; Rassadkina, Yelizaveta; Polo, Maria Laura; Czernikier, Alejandro; Ghiglione, Yanina; Vellicce, Alejandra (2021-11-16).
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Jiang, Chenyang; Lian, Xiaodong; Gao, Ce; Sun, Xiaoming; Einkauf, Kevin B.; Chevalier, Joshua M.; Chen, Samantha M. Y.; Hua, Stephane; Rhee, Ben; Chang, Kaylee; Blackmer, Jane E. (26 August 2020).
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920:: international organisation militating against all legal discriminations of travel and residence in the world against people infected by HIV or in AIDS diseases.
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result of an HIV test. In many cases, service users are not taken into account and are forced to undergo an AIDS test without prior consent.
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As of April 2020, there have been two reported cases of individuals being completely cured of this disease. The first case was
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Among the women who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the United States in 2009, 64% were Black, 18% were
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247:, known as "The London Patient", who was cured in March 2020. Both of these patients were cured with
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890:"Two Decades Ago, Tom Hanks and 'Philadelphia' Prompted Changing Attitudes Toward HIV-AIDS"
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576:"Loreen Willenberg's HIV seems to have disappeared. Is this good news for the rest of us?"
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The largest and oldest of the worldwide networks of people infected with HIV is the
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450:"Greek Sex Workers Face Forced HIV Tests; Malawi Workers Fight Back - Ms. Magazine"
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810:"First ever needs assessment study by PLWHA to formulate a strategic intervention"
717:"A Possible Sterilizing Cure of HIV-1 Infection Without Stem Cell Transplantation"
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231:. Far more women contract the disease through heterosexual contact than men.
634:"Distinct viral reservoirs in individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1"
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956:: website of an association fighting discriminations against VIH holders.
934:: information portal on AIDS and the associated legislations in the world
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Das, Aritra; Detels, Roger; Javanbakht, Marjan; Panda, Samiran (2017).
839:
Das, Aritra; Detels, Roger; Javanbakht, Marjan; Panda, Samiran (2017).
243:, known as "The Berlin Patient", who was cured in 2007. The second was
526:"UK man becomes second person cured of HIV after 30 months virus-free"
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319:, which followed the story of a gay, HIV-positive lawyer played by
184:. As of 2021, 85% of all people living with HIV knew their status.
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The
International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS website
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Survey about discriminations against people living with HIV, 2005
601:"A Woman May Have Been Cured of H.I.V. Without Medical Treatment"
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European and
Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
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The yearly information report for travellers with HIV/AIDS.
782:"A woman's own body may have cured her of HIV, study finds"
931:
551:"HIV: First woman in world believed to be cured of virus"
279:(GNP+), which has affiliate networks on every continent.
1144:
WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
129:
People infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
2112:
List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
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List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
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President's
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
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Joint United
Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
690:"Rare case of woman's body ridding itself of HIV"
477:"I Am the Berlin Patient: A Personal Reflection"
1095:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
394:"Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet"
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277:Global Network of People living with HIV/AIDS
201:Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS
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1187:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
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1420:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
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164:Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
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297:Understanding Positive Women's Realities,
295:According to Emma Bell and Luisa Orza in
208:Understanding Positive Women's Realities,
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
827:Understanding Positive Women's Realities
463:Women's Lives: Multicultural Perspective
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189:Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS
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180:Infection with HIV is determined by an
1456:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
404:from the original on 11 February 2023
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481:AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
430:from the original on 5 February 2023
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1575:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
888:Gordon, Elana (December 20, 2013).
524:Rettner, Rachael (March 10, 2020).
197:Global Network of Sex Work Projects
151:which if untreated may progress to
780:Iati, Marisa (November 16, 2021).
599:Mandavilli, Apoorva (2020-08-26).
475:Brown, Timothy (January 1, 2015).
267:Over the years of coping with the
153:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
25:
1161:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
229:Native Alaskan or Native American
1622:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1182:AIDS-defining clinical condition
31:
968:Gywn Kirk and Margo Okazawa-Rey
829:(2006) Emma Bell and Luisa Orza
42:needs additional citations for
227:, 15% were White, and 1% were
158:According to estimates by the
1:
1491:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
1471:International AIDS Conference
1425:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
1368:Discrimination against people
990:10.1080/09540121.2016.1227059
857:10.1080/09540121.2016.1227059
143:are people infected with the
1351:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
1232:HIV Drug Resistance Database
300:giving them their ARV dose.
145:human immunodeficiency virus
1652:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
1486:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
1415:List of HIV-positive people
721:Annals of Internal Medicine
336:List of HIV-positive people
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1552:Reports from the Holocaust
1476:International AIDS Society
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1227:Tuberculosis co-infection
1090:disease progression rates
650:10.1038/s41586-020-2651-8
269:stigma and discrimination
160:World Health Organization
1237:Innate resistance to HIV
1207:Neurocognitive disorders
945:SIDA Information Service
257:long-term nonprogressors
141:people who live with HIV
1558:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
1541:Gay Men's Health Crisis
1217:Opportunistic infection
808:Venugopal G, Pillai A.
235:Seronegative conversion
1385:HIV-affected community
1325:HIV and homosexual men
18:People living with HIV
1565:Silence=Death Project
1363:Criminal transmission
1283:Multiple sex partners
493:10.1089/aid.2014.0224
249:stem cell transplants
193:Amnesty International
176:Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
170:Testing and awareness
66:"HIV-positive people"
2133:People with HIV/AIDS
1887:United Arab Emirates
1358:Circumcision and HIV
1315:City of Hope Patient
1075:structure and genome
924:HIV/AIDS Regulations
215:Gender and diagnosis
51:improve this article
1435:AIDS Memorial Quilt
1247:HIV-positive people
787:The Washington Post
283:Relationship issues
137:seropositive people
133:HIV-positive people
2012:Dominican Republic
1395:HIV/AIDS denialism
1320:Women and HIV/AIDS
1310:The London Patient
1177:Signs and symptoms
1085:CDC classification
605:The New York Times
367:"HIV and Language"
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1501:The SING Campaign
1390:HIV/AIDS activism
1378:Cost of treatment
1300:Timothy Ray Brown
1295:World AIDS Museum
644:(7824): 261–267.
241:Timothy Ray Brown
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1877:Taiwan (ROC)
1867:Saudi Arabia
1717:South Africa
1550:
1536:Larry Kramer
1278:Epidemiology
1246:
981:
977:
965:
944:
897:. Retrieved
893:
883:
848:
844:
834:
826:
822:
814:the original
803:
791:. Retrieved
785:
775:
724:
720:
709:
698:. Retrieved
696:. 2021-11-16
693:
684:
641:
637:
627:
616:. Retrieved
604:
594:
583:. Retrieved
579:
570:
559:. Retrieved
557:. 2022-02-16
554:
545:
533:. Retrieved
530:Live Science
529:
519:
484:
480:
470:
462:
458:
444:
432:. Retrieved
418:
406:. Retrieved
397:
374:. Retrieved
370:
361:
325:
315:Philadelphia
314:
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296:
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104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2085:New Zealand
1957:El Salvador
1862:Philippines
1832:North Korea
1785:China (PRC)
1750:Afghanistan
1440:Product Red
1341:AIDS orphan
1197:Nephropathy
1132:vaccination
951:(in French)
938:(in French)
793:January 12,
580:aidsmap.com
434:15 February
408:15 February
2127:Categories
1797:East Timor
1770:Bangladesh
1760:Azerbaijan
1682:Mozambique
1667:Madagascar
1400:Red ribbon
1242:Serostatus
1170:Conditions
1122:prevention
1112:management
1070:Lentivirus
700:2021-11-16
618:2021-11-16
585:2021-11-16
561:2022-02-20
487:(1): 2–3.
376:2021-03-18
353:References
347:Serostatus
191:(UNAIDS),
149:retrovirus
77:newspapers
2080:Australia
2034:Argentina
1994:Caribbean
1972:Nicaragua
1962:Guatemala
1872:Sri Lanka
1807:Indonesia
1590:Locations
1531:"Free Me"
1257:Pregnancy
1252:Nutrition
1107:diagnosis
978:AIDS Care
899:April 20,
845:AIDS Care
767:244131565
741:0003-4819
658:1476-4687
613:0362-4331
535:April 20,
465:Chapter 5
321:Tom Hanks
147:(HIV), a
2138:HIV/AIDS
2049:Colombia
1967:Honduras
1882:Thailand
1857:Pakistan
1842:Malaysia
1780:Cambodia
1732:Zimbabwe
1712:Tanzania
1637:Ethiopia
1632:Eswatini
1617:Botswana
1506:Solidays
1405:Safe sex
1346:Religion
1290:Timeline
1212:Pruritus
1149:Children
1127:research
1102:HIV/AIDS
1080:subtypes
1008:27608501
947:, France
918:ILGA.org
875:27608501
759:34781719
694:BBC News
676:32848246
555:BBC News
511:25328084
428:Archived
402:Archived
330:See also
225:Hispanic
199:and the
182:HIV test
155:(AIDS).
2073:Oceania
2064:Uruguay
2039:Bolivia
2007:Jamaica
1925:Ukraine
1897:Vietnam
1765:Bahrain
1755:Armenia
1707:Senegal
1697:Nigeria
1687:Namibia
1662:Lesotho
1449:Culture
1430:HIV.gov
1273:History
1266:History
999:5344765
932:AIDSmap
866:5344765
750:9215120
667:7837306
502:4287108
426:. WHO.
91:scholar
2054:Guyana
2044:Brazil
1952:Mexico
1947:Canada
1920:Russia
1907:Europe
1892:Turkey
1827:Jordan
1790:Yunnan
1775:Bhutan
1727:Zambia
1722:Uganda
1702:Rwanda
1672:Malawi
1647:Guinea
1607:Angola
1599:Africa
1546:ACT UP
1334:Social
1052:topics
1006:
996:
873:
863:
765:
757:
747:
739:
674:
664:
656:
638:Nature
611:
509:
499:
398:UNAIDS
317:(1993)
304:Stigma
255:Among
195:, the
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2002:Haiti
1852:Nepal
1822:Japan
1802:India
1692:Niger
1657:Kenya
1642:Ghana
1627:Egypt
1612:Benin
763:S2CID
424:"HIV"
343:(PWA)
98:JSTOR
84:books
2059:Peru
1837:Laos
1817:Iraq
1812:Iran
1742:Asia
1677:Mali
1580:Ayds
1137:PrEP
1050:AIDS
1004:PMID
901:2020
871:PMID
795:2022
755:PMID
737:ISSN
672:PMID
654:ISSN
609:ISSN
537:2020
507:PMID
436:2023
410:2023
187:The
70:news
1065:HIV
1058:HIV
1046:HIV
994:PMC
986:doi
861:PMC
853:doi
745:PMC
729:doi
725:175
662:PMC
646:doi
642:585
497:PMC
489:doi
371:POZ
206:In
139:or
53:by
2129::
1002:.
992:.
982:29
980:.
976:.
943:–
892:.
869:.
859:.
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385:^
369:.
135:,
1048:/
1038:e
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1024:v
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114:(
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105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
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20:)
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