1530:
29:
1516:
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China's
National Satellite Ocean Application Service owns three series of Haiyang-series satellites, Haiyang-1 (HY-1) are designed to measure ocean color, Haiyang-2 (HY-2) to study maritime environment dynamics, and Haiyang-3 (HY-3) to conduct ocean surveillance.
671:
Haiyang 1C and
Haiyang 1D also maintain an automatic identification system (AIS) payload, used to track and identify ship locations, to collect, store, and relay AIS messages globally. HY-1C and HY-1D's AIS system simultaneously operates on four bands:
3124:
2395:
609:(MSI). Sometimes referred to as the satellites' four-band CCD imager", CZI is intended to provide 250 m spatial resolution imagery over coastal regions in 36° (500 km) swaths. These bands are:
260:
when the satellites' solar panels are not exposed to the sun. Launched in June 2020, Haiyang 1D was the only satellite of the HY-1 series to be based on the CAST2000 bus instead of the CAST968 bus.
314:
All four
Haiyang 1 satellites (HY-1A through HY-1D) bear two maritime imaging sensors, the Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS) and the Coastal Zone Imagery (CZI). Developed by the
144:(CAST), Haiyang satellites carry a variety of ocean-imaging sensor payloads and are operated by the National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS), a subordinate agency of the
2032:
1974:
3244:
3732:
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developed and operated by the People's
Republic of China since 2002. As of October 2022, eight satellites have been launched with ten more planned. Built by the
668:
Both HY-1C and HY-1D are equipped with a satellite calibration spectrometer (SCS) which provides on-orbit radiometric calibration for COCTS and UVI sensor systems.
3712:
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322:(CAS), COCTS comprises a focal plane array (FPA), scanner, an electronics box, and a series of optics. The 50 kg sensor system collects 1.1 km
3625:
590:
Also aboard all four HY-1 satellites is a
Coastal Zone Imagery (CZI), developed by the Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity (BISME,
637:
imager, abbreviated UVI, providing twice-daily global coverage. Used in conjunction with COCTS and CZI, HY-1C and HY-1D have been used to identify
661:
with atmospheric correction. HY-1C and HY-1D's UVI images in two ultraviolet bands, 0.345 – 0.365 μm and 0.375 – 0.395 μm, both in the
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381:
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2006 Joint 31st
International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics
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Due to power issues, the CZI sensor aboard
Haiyang-1A lost functionality seventeen months after launch on 1 December 2003.
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109:
2031:
Xu, He-yu; Zhang, Li-ming; Huang, Wen-xin; Xu, Wei-wei; Si, Xiao-long; Chen, Xin Li; Song, Qing-jun (28 September 2020).
1915:
Suo, Ziyi; Lu, Yingcheng; Liu, Jianqiang; Ding, Jing; Xing, Qianguo; Yin, Dayi; Xu, Feifei; Liu, Jingchao (1 May 2022).
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of gathered payload data from the onboard COCTS and CZI instruments until it establishes communications with the
1897:
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1337:
133:
1753:"Phytoplankton Community Structure from Ocean Colour: Methods, Validation, Intercomparisons and Applications"
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2417:
2324:
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2033:"Onboard absolute radiometric calibration and validation of the satellite calibration spectrometer on HY-1C"
562:
225:
1973:
Suo, Ziyi; Lu, Yingcheng; Liu, Jianqiang; Ding, Jing; Yin, Dayi; Xu, Feifei; Jiao, Junnan (26 April 2021).
676:, 162.025 MHz, 156.775 MHz, and 156.825 MHz with a swath width of over 950 kilometers.
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0.52 – 0.60 μm to observe suspended sediments, pollutants, vegetation, sea ice, and wetlands
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2005:
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330:(eight in visible near infrared, VNIR, and two in thermal infrared, TIR) through a 200
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272:
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1975:"Ultraviolet remote sensing of marine oil spills: a new approach of Haiyang-1C satellite"
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The first three of a total four
Haiyang 1-series satellites are based on the CAST968
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For telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) communication, the HY-1A uses the
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aperture. COCTS rotates its imager ±35.2º, approximately 1400 km per swath.
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0.76 – 0.89 μm to observe soil and water vapor with atmospheric correction
3649:
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3408:
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3299:
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2207:
1932:
1845:"Achievements and Prospects of Space Optical Remote Sensing Camera Technology"
1793:
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433:
373:
331:
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1940:
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997:
658:
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214:
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2009:
1948:
1917:"HY-1C ultraviolet imager captures algae blooms floating on water surface"
3554:
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2338:
2258:
1849:
6th
International Symposium of Space Optical Instruments and Applications
646:
623:
0.61 – 0.69 μm to observe suspended sediments, soil, and water vapor
573:
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20:
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1851:. Space Technology Proceedings. Vol. 7. pp. 171–181.
1494:
613:
0.42 – 0.50 μm to observe pollutants, vegetation growth,
205:× 1.1m × 0.94m reaching a total length of 7.5 meters with its
318:
Institute of
Technical Physics (SITP), a subcomponent of the
1711:. National Satellite Ocean Application Service. 26 May 2020.
2095:
228:. The spacecraft maintain attitude to approximately a half-
32:
Animation of Haiyang - Polar view, Earth is not shown
338:
Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS) Bands
244:
are powered by two extended solar arrays providing 405
521:
High-concentration sediments, atmospheric correction
197:
in May 2002 into sun-synchronous orbit, the 367
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3539:
3522:
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3185:
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2607:
2546:
2465:
2373:
2347:
2317:
2226:
2144:
2689:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
1782:"Ten-Bands Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner"
1760:International Ocean Colour Science Meeting 2013
1689:"China launches Haiyang oceanography satellite"
306:(QPSK) at a rate of 5.32 megabits per second.
240:. The spacecraft's imaging, transmission, and
2657:
2122:
1708:HY-2 Series Satellite Status and Future Plans
279:rate of 4 kbit/s. HY-1A stores up to 80
8:
2102:eoPortal Directory Satellite Missions-H part
454:Chlorophyll, water depth, low-concentration
148:(SOA). Haiyang satellites are launched from
495:Fluorescence, high-concentration sediment,
127:
3279:
2926:
2912:
2708:
2684:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
2664:
2650:
2642:
2129:
2115:
2107:
633:Haiyang 1C and Haiyang 1D both carried an
181:, the same used three years prior for the
3733:Spacecraft launched by Long March rockets
3626:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
2699:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
1621:. Gunter's Space Page. 29 September 2020
1599:. Gunter's Space Page. 22 September 2020
683:
476:Chlorophyll, low-concentration sediment
336:
1665:. Gunter's Space Page. 10 December 2020
1566:
132:'ocean') is a series of marine
565:(SST), sea ice, cloud top temperature
248:(320 by end of life) and two packs of
209:extended. These satellites uses three
3713:Earth observation satellites of China
1968:
1966:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
7:
3693:. Failed missions marked with † sign
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1687:Clark, Stephen (22 September 2020).
1682:
1680:
1577:. Gunter's Space Page. 31 March 2021
584:SST, sea ice, cloud top temperature
1843:Chongling, Guo; Peng, Yang (2021).
16:Chinese ocean observation satellite
3530:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
1643:. Gunter's Space Page. 19 May 2021
298:to downlink the payload data over
14:
2473:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
1830:China Academy of Space Technology
1499:World Meteorological Organization
598:) under CAST. CZI is a four-band
142:China Academy of Space Technology
2423:Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
1528:
1514:
150:Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
1305:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1268:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1231:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1194:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1152:950.7 km × 967.4 km
1144:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1104:953.6 km × 964.6 km
1096:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1056:972.5 km × 974.5 km
1048:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
1008:975.0 km × 976.0 km
1000:, CMR, DORIS, LRA, MWRI, SCAT
890:782.6 km × 787.1 km
838:776.2 km × 793.5 km
786:787.7 km × 807.7 km
741:787.7 km × 801.4 km
595:
122:
113:
1:
3402:Space laboratories and cargos
2227:Communication and engineering
304:quadrature phase shift keying
3718:State Oceanic Administration
2900:(interplanetary exploration)
1857:10.1007/978-3-030-56488-9_15
1751:Bracher, Astrid (May 2013).
1555:State Oceanic Administration
326:maritime imagery within ten
146:State Oceanic Administration
2348:Satellite navigation system
2318:Data relay satellite system
1467:(Planned: Not yet launched)
1433:(Planned: Not yet launched)
1393:(Planned: Not yet launched)
1314:(Planned: Not yet launched)
1277:(Planned: Not yet launched)
1240:(Planned: Not yet launched)
1203:(Planned: Not yet launched)
974:(Planned: Not yet launched)
938:(Planned: Not yet launched)
3749:
3689:Future missions marked in
3392:List of Chinese astronauts
1483:
252:batteries that produce 23
189:. First launched aboard a
18:
3685:
2911:
2707:
2694:China Manned Space Agency
2679:
2628:
2096:Haiyang satellite program
1933:10.1016/j.hal.2022.102218
1794:10.1109/ICIMW.2006.368373
1465:
1431:
1391:
1312:
1275:
1238:
1201:
972:
936:
320:China Academy of Sciences
134:remote sensing satellites
3723:Oceanographic satellites
2374:Astronomical observation
1828:[Organization].
657:, and measure nearshore
540:Atmospheric correction,
224:and to conduct on-orbit
563:Sea surface temperature
242:thermal heating systems
3478:Tiangong space station
2339:Tianlian Constellation
578:11.40 – 12.50 μm
556:10.30 – 11.40 μm
534:0.845 – 0.885 μm
515:0.745 – 0.785 μm
501:atmospheric correction
489:0.660 – 0.680 μm
470:0.555 – 0.575 μm
448:0.510 – 0.530 μm
432:, pollutants, shallow
422:0.480 – 0.500 μm
400:0.433 – 0.453 μm
98:
3176:Space Solar Telescope
2917:Projects and missions
2673:Chinese space program
2630:Future spacecraft in
2547:Planetary exploration
1877:– via Springer.
600:charge-coupled device
359:Observation function
154:Sun-synchronous orbit
140:aerospace contractor
31:
3283:Uncrewed expeditions
2867:Exploration programs
639:harmful algae blooms
607:multispectral imager
3677:Lanyue Lunar Lander
2888:(lunar exploration)
2882:(human spaceflight)
2052:2020OExpr..2830015X
2046:(20): 30015–30034.
1994:2021OExpr..2913486S
1832:(in Chinese). 2020.
685:
339:
273:kilobits per second
185:and carry multiple
3540:Telecommunications
3319:Crewed expeditions
2138:Chinese spacecraft
1988:(9): 13486–13495.
1522:Spaceflight portal
1090:21 September 2020
684:
337:
324:spatial resolution
201:HY-1A measures 1.2
99:
19:For the city, see
3700:
3699:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3267:
3266:
3186:Earth observation
2930:Planetary science
2907:
2906:
2715:and landing sites
2639:
2638:
2466:Lunar exploration
2145:Earth observation
2060:10.1364/OE.402616
2002:10.1364/OE.423702
1866:978-3-030-56487-2
1814:– via IEEE.
1780:Feng, Qi (2006).
1769:– via IOCC.
1505:
1504:
1501:
1334:16 November 2023
820:7 September 2018
588:
587:
179:minisatellite bus
158:Long March-series
130:
3740:
3728:Satellite series
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3469:
3461:
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3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3280:
3260:
3250:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3171:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2949:
2941:
2927:
2913:
2839:(In development)
2833:(In development)
2709:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2430:(joint with ESA)
2154:(joint with ESA)
2131:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2080:
2079:
2037:
2028:
2022:
2021:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1879:
1878:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1748:
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1741:
1730:
1713:
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1703:
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1615:
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1593:
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1571:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1484:
1165:
1117:
1069:
1042:24 October 2018
1021:
903:
851:
799:
754:
686:
649:, detect marine
597:
382:Yellow substance
340:
222:attitude control
215:liquid hydrazine
131:
128:
124:
115:
97:
96: Haiyang-2B
95:
86:
85: Haiyang-2A
84:
75:
74: Haiyang-1D
73:
64:
63: Haiyang-1C
62:
53:
52: Haiyang-1B
51:
42:
41: Haiyang-1A
40:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3681:
3665:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3555:Chinasat Series
3549:
3535:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3397:
3314:
3274:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3181:
3169:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2947:
2939:
2918:
2903:
2894:(space station)
2862:
2753:Launch vehicles
2747:
2742:Siziwang Banner
2703:
2675:
2670:
2640:
2635:
2624:
2608:Microsatellites
2603:
2542:
2461:
2369:
2343:
2313:
2222:
2140:
2135:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2025:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1882:
1867:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1804:
1788:. p. 165.
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1716:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1693:Spaceflight Now
1686:
1685:
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1661:
1660:
1656:
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1644:
1639:
1638:
1634:
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1617:
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1612:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1454:(TBD 2025–2033)
1298:(TBD 2023–2028)
1261:(TBD 2025–2030)
1224:(TBD 2024–2029)
1187:(TBD 2023–2028)
1161:
1113:
1065:
1017:
994:15 August 2011
899:
847:
795:
750:
682:
386:water pollution
351:Spectral range
312:
310:Sensor payloads
271:data-rate of 2
226:station-keeping
175:
170:
93:
92:
82:
81:
71:
70:
60:
59:
49:
48:
38:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3746:
3744:
3736:
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3720:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3661:(2016–present)
3655:
3653:(1971–present)
3650:Shijian Series
3647:
3645:(2016–present)
3639:
3631:
3622:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3606:(2024–present)
3600:
3598:(2024–present)
3592:
3590:(2019–present)
3584:
3582:(2008–present)
3576:
3574:(2024–present)
3571:Tiandu 1 and 2
3568:
3566:(2018–present)
3560:
3558:(1994–present)
3552:
3550:(1994–present)
3543:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3506:(2022–present)
3500:
3498:(2022–present)
3492:
3490:(2021–present)
3483:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3249:(1999–present)
3238:
3236:(2006–present)
3230:
3228:(2016–present)
3222:
3220:(2002–present)
3217:Haiyang Series
3214:
3212:(2013–present)
3206:
3198:
3196:(2018–present)
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3162:
3154:
3149:Einstein Probe
3146:
3144:(2022–present)
3138:
3136:(2021–present)
3130:
3128:(2020–present)
3122:
3120:(2017–present)
3114:
3112:(2015–present)
3105:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3023:
3021:(2021–present)
3015:
3013:(2020–present)
3007:
3005:(2020–present)
2999:
2997:(2018–present)
2991:
2989:(2018–present)
2983:
2975:
2973:(2014–present)
2967:
2965:(2013–present)
2959:
2950:
2948:(2010–present)
2942:
2933:
2931:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:(landing site)
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2428:Einstein Probe
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2334:Tiandu 1 and 2
2331:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Dong Fang Hong
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2090:External links
2088:
2082:
2081:
2040:Optics Express
2023:
1982:Optics Express
1962:
1907:
1904:. 26 May 2020.
1880:
1865:
1835:
1817:
1802:
1772:
1743:
1740:. 30 May 2012.
1714:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1632:
1610:
1588:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1525:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1491:US Space Force
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
979:
976:
971:
966:
963:
958:
954:
953:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
927:
922:
918:
917:
914:
909:
904:
897:
894:
891:
888:
883:
873:
870:
866:
865:
862:
857:
852:
845:
842:
839:
836:
831:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
805:
800:
793:
790:
787:
784:
779:
776:
775:11 April 2007
773:
769:
768:
765:
760:
755:
748:
745:
742:
739:
734:
731:
728:
724:
723:
720:
717:
714:
708:
705:
702:
701:Orbital apsis
699:
696:
693:
690:
681:
678:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
571:
567:
566:
560:
557:
554:
549:
545:
544:
538:
535:
532:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
508:
504:
503:
499:, pollutants,
493:
490:
487:
482:
478:
477:
474:
471:
468:
463:
459:
458:
452:
449:
446:
441:
437:
436:
426:
423:
420:
415:
411:
410:
404:
401:
398:
393:
389:
388:
379:
376:
372:0.402 – 0.422
370:
365:
361:
360:
357:
352:
349:
344:
311:
308:
296:ground station
250:nickel-cadmium
218:monopropellant
174:
171:
169:
166:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3745:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3618:demonstrators
3613:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3547:Apstar Series
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3241:Ziyuan Series
3239:
3234:
3233:Yaogan Series
3231:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3209:Gaofen Series
3207:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3099:Astronomy and
3096:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3018:Zhurong rover
3016:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2910:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Long March 12
2846:
2844:
2843:Long March 11
2841:
2838:
2837:Long March 10
2835:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Long March 4C
2804:
2802:
2801:Long March 4B
2799:
2797:
2796:Long March 4A
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Long March 3C
2784:
2782:
2781:Long March 3B
2779:
2777:
2776:Long March 3A
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Harmful Algae
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1803:1-4244-0399-5
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1526:
1523:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:Long March 2C
1396:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:Long March 2C
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Long March 4B
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Long March 4B
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Long March 4B
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Long March 4B
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
989:
985:
983:
980:
977:
975:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
956:
955:
951:
949:
946:
944:
943:Long March 2C
941:
939:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:Long March 2C
905:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
878:
874:
872:10 June 2020
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Long March 2C
853:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
826:
822:
819:
816:
815:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:Long March 2C
801:
798:
794:
791:
788:
785:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:Long March 4B
756:
753:
749:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
679:
677:
675:
672:161.975
669:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:cyanobacteria
640:
636:
631:
625:
622:
619:
617:, and sea ice
616:
612:
611:
610:
608:
605:
601:
593:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
553:
550:
547:
546:
543:
539:
536:
533:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
512:
509:
506:
505:
502:
498:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
480:
479:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:
457:
453:
450:
447:
445:
442:
439:
438:
435:
431:
428:Chlorophyll,
427:
424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
412:
408:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
391:
390:
387:
383:
380:
377:
375:
371:
369:
366:
363:
362:
358:
356:
353:
350:
348:
345:
342:
341:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:(kbps) and a
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:and infrared
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
211:magnetorquers
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:Long March 4B
188:
184:
180:
173:Satellite bus
172:
167:
165:
161:
159:
156:(SSO) aboard
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
125:
119:
111:
107:
103:
90:
79:
68:
57:
46:
35:
30:
26:
22:
3690:
3253:
3174:
3164:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
2994:Yutu-2 rover
2970:Chang'e 5-T1
2831:Long March 9
2826:Long March 8
2821:Long March 7
2816:Long March 6
2811:Long March 5
2791:Long March 4
2771:Long March 3
2766:Long March 2
2761:Long March 1
2631:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2533:
2526:
2500:Chang'e 5-T1
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2405:
2098:(in Chinese)
2085:
2043:
2039:
2026:
1985:
1981:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1848:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1785:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:
1746:
1737:
1707:
1701:
1692:
1667:. Retrieved
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1569:
1536:China portal
1466:
1453:
1432:
1419:
1392:
1377:
1369:Operational
1313:
1297:
1276:
1260:
1239:
1223:
1202:
1186:
1178:Operational
1138:19 May 2021
1130:Operational
1082:Operational
1034:Operational
973:
960:
937:
924:
916:Operational
875:COCTS, CZI,
864:Operational
823:COCTS, CZI,
730:15 May 2002
719:Launch site
704:Inclination
670:
667:
632:
629:
596:北京空间机电一体化研究所
589:
313:
262:
254:ampere hours
238:Earth sensor
207:solar panels
193:rocket with
176:
162:
152:(TSLC) into
121:
105:
101:
100:
88:
77:
66:
55:
44:
33:
25:
3637:(1969–2006)
3634:FSW Program
3587:Tianlian II
3420:(2016–2019)
3412:(2011–2018)
3386:Shenzhou 18
3381:Shenzhou 17
3376:Shenzhou 16
3371:Shenzhou 15
3366:Shenzhou 14
3361:Shenzhou 13
3356:Shenzhou 12
3351:Shenzhou 11
3346:Shenzhou 10
3275:spaceflight
3201:Double Star
2981:(2013–2016)
2876:(cancelled)
2413:Longjiang-2
2152:Double Star
1765:16 November
1663:"HY 3A, 3B"
1641:"HY 2C, 2D"
1619:"HY 2A, 2B"
1597:"HY 1C, 1D"
1575:"HY 1A, 1B"
1450:Haiyang 3D
1416:Haiyang 3C
1374:Haiyang 3B
1331:Haiyang 3A
1294:Haiyang 2H
1257:Haiyang 2G
1220:Haiyang 2F
1183:Haiyang 2E
1135:Haiyang 2D
1087:Haiyang 2C
1039:Haiyang 2B
991:Haiyang 2A
957:Haiyang 1F
921:Haiyang 1E
869:Haiyang 1D
817:Haiyang 1C
778:COCTS, CZI
772:Haiyang 1B
733:COCTS, CZI
727:Haiyang 1A
635:ultraviolet
615:ocean color
542:water vapor
409:absorption
407:Chlorophyll
138:state-owned
3707:Categories
3616:Technology
3579:Tianlian I
3523:Navigation
3465:Tianzhou 6
3457:Tianzhou 5
3449:Tianzhou 4
3441:Tianzhou 3
3433:Tianzhou 2
3425:Tianzhou 1
3417:Tiangong 2
3409:Tiangong 1
3341:Shenzhou 9
3336:Shenzhou 7
3331:Shenzhou 6
3326:Shenzhou 5
3310:Shenzhou 8
3305:Shenzhou 4
3300:Shenzhou 3
3295:Shenzhou 2
3290:Shenzhou 1
2978:Yutu rover
2713:Spaceports
2304:Tsinghua-1
2299:Tiantong 1
2279:OlympicSat
1927:: 102218.
1898:"HY-1C_1D"
1561:References
1420:(TBD 2022)
1378:(TBD 2024)
961:(TBD 2024)
925:(TBD 2022)
680:Satellites
651:oil spills
434:topography
234:Sun sensor
195:Fengyun-1D
168:Spacecraft
3603:Queqiao 2
3204:(2003–07)
3101:cosmology
3085:Tianwen-3
3075:Tianwen-4
3065:Chang'e 8
3055:Chang'e 7
3045:Tianwen-2
3026:Chang'e 6
3010:Chang'e 5
3002:Tianwen-1
2986:Chang'e 4
2962:Chang'e 3
2953:Yinghuo 1
2945:Chang'e 2
2940:(2007–09)
2937:Chang'e 1
2858:Kaituozhe
2598:Tianwen-4
2591:Tianwen-3
2584:Tianwen-2
2564:Tianwen-1
2559:Chang'e 2
2554:Yinghuo-1
2535:Chang'e 8
2528:Chang'e 7
2522:Chang'e 6
2517:Chang'e 5
2505:Chang'e 4
2488:Chang'e 3
2483:Chang'e 2
2478:Chang'e 1
2329:Queqiao 2
2264:ChinaStar
2076:224939022
2018:233530917
1957:247426725
1941:1568-9883
1875:234166136
1495:CelesTrak
1485:Sources:
1163:2021-043A
1115:2020-066A
1067:2018-081A
1019:2011-043A
901:2020-036A
849:2018-068A
797:2007-010A
752:2002-024A
716:Launcher
695:Payloads
659:turbidity
655:Indonesia
604:pushbroom
183:Shijian 5
160:rockets.
3503:Mengtian
2892:Tiangong
2874:Shuguang
2853:Kuaizhou
2732:Wenchang
2615:Fengniao
2365:Beidou-3
2360:BeiDou-2
2355:BeiDou-1
2309:Xiwang 1
2259:ChinaSat
2173:Huanjing
2068:33114888
2010:33985080
1949:35550297
1902:eoPortal
1812:22220927
1738:eoPortal
1553:Chinese
1508:See also
1479:Planned
1471:Unknown
1458:Unknown
1445:Planned
1437:Unknown
1424:Unknown
1411:Planned
1326:Planned
1318:Unknown
1289:Planned
1281:Unknown
1252:Planned
1244:Unknown
1215:Planned
1207:Unknown
986:Planned
978:Unknown
965:Unknown
952:Planned
929:Unknown
812:Decayed
767:Decayed
647:Lake Tai
641:such as
497:aerosols
456:sediment
316:Shanghai
289:Hangzhou
281:megabits
277:downlink
267:with an
258:DC power
232:using a
187:payloads
3691:italics
3670:Related
3658:XPNAV 1
3595:Qianfan
3563:Queqiao
3495:Wentian
3480:modules
3166:Xuntian
3035:Shensuo
2923:Science
2898:Tianwen
2886:Chang'e
2737:Xichang
2727:Taiyuan
2722:Jiuquan
2632:italics
2577:Shensuo
2569:Zhurong
2449:Xuntian
2418:Queqiao
2325:Queqiao
2294:Sinosat
2289:Shijian
2284:Qianfan
2254:Asiasat
2208:Tianhui
2158:Fengyun
2048:Bibcode
1990:Bibcode
1734:"HY-1A"
1549:Fengyun
879:, SCS,
827:, SCS,
722:Status
692:Launch
665:range.
602:(CCD),
592:Chinese
430:sea ice
285:Beijing
123:Hǎiyáng
110:Chinese
102:Haiyang
21:Haiyang
3629:(2020)
3487:Tianhe
3468:(2023)
3460:(2022)
3452:(2022)
3444:(2021)
3436:(2021)
3428:(2017)
3259:(2025)
3225:TanSat
3170:(2026)
3160:(2024)
3152:(2023)
3089:(2030)
3079:(2029)
3069:(2028)
3059:(2026)
3049:(2025)
3039:(2024)
3029:(2024)
2957:(2011)
2620:Xinyan
2510:Yutu-2
2244:Apstar
2218:Ziyuan
2213:Yaogan
2203:Tansuo
2198:TanSat
2188:Shiyan
2163:Gaofen
2074:
2066:
2016:
2008:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1873:
1863:
1826:"组织机构"
1810:
1800:
1669:19 May
1647:19 May
1625:19 May
1603:19 May
1581:19 May
1544:Gaofen
1158:48621
1155:66.0°
1110:46469
1107:66.0°
1062:43655
1059:99.3°
1014:37781
1011:99.3°
896:45721
893:98.5°
844:43609
841:98.4°
792:31113
789:98.3°
747:27430
744:98.6°
711:COSPAR
698:Orbit
594::
300:X-band
291:, and
269:uplink
265:S-band
230:degree
120::
118:pinyin
112::
94:
89:·
87:
83:
78:·
76:
72:
67:·
65:
61:
56:·
54:
50:
45:·
43:
39:
34:·
3642:QUESS
3532:(BDS)
3273:Human
3255:SMILE
3245:CBERS
3141:ASO-S
3133:CHASE
3125:GECAM
3109:DAMPE
2456:SMILE
2407:Kuafu
2396:GECAM
2391:DAMPE
2386:CHASE
2381:ASO-S
2269:HKSTG
2183:Jilin
2072:S2CID
2036:(PDF)
2014:S2CID
1978:(PDF)
1953:S2CID
1871:S2CID
1808:S2CID
1756:(PDF)
1402:YZ-1S
1360:YZ-1S
689:Name
653:near
343:Band
328:bands
302:with
293:Sanya
246:Watts
91:
80:
69:
58:
47:
36:
3193:CSES
3157:SVOM
3117:HXMT
2493:Yutu
2442:SVOM
2401:HXMT
2327:and
2274:LGSP
2249:APMT
2239:FH-1
2193:SMMS
2064:PMID
2006:PMID
1945:PMID
1937:ISSN
1861:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1767:2022
1671:2021
1649:2021
1627:2021
1605:2021
1583:2021
1487:NASA
1475:TSLC
1441:TSLC
1407:JSLC
1365:JSLC
1322:TSLC
1285:TSLC
1248:TSLC
1211:TSLC
1174:TSLC
1126:TSLC
1078:TSLC
1030:TSLC
982:TSLC
948:TSLC
912:TSLC
860:TSLC
808:TSLC
763:TSLC
707:SCN
663:UV-A
581:N/A
559:N/A
537:415
530:VNIR
518:400
511:VNIR
492:390
485:VNIR
473:525
466:VNIR
451:560
444:VNIR
425:590
418:VNIR
403:600
396:VNIR
378:440
368:VNIR
220:for
213:and
129:lit.
2880:CMS
2435:SST
2168:FSW
2056:doi
1998:doi
1929:doi
1925:114
1853:doi
1790:doi
1462:SSO
1428:SSO
1388:SSO
1383:SAR
1343:SSO
1338:SAR
1309:SSO
1303:ALT
1272:SSO
1266:ALT
1235:SSO
1229:ALT
1198:SSO
1192:ALT
1148:SSO
1142:ALT
1100:SSO
1094:ALT
1052:SSO
1046:ALT
1004:SSO
998:ALT
969:SSO
933:SSO
886:SSO
881:AIS
877:UVI
834:SSO
829:AIS
825:UVI
782:SSO
737:SSO
713:ID
674:MHz
645:in
574:TIR
570:10
552:TIR
355:S/N
256:of
3709::
3247:)
2955:†
2178:HY
2070:.
2062:.
2054:.
2044:28
2042:.
2038:.
2012:.
2004:.
1996:.
1986:29
1984:.
1980:.
1965:^
1951:.
1943:.
1935:.
1923:.
1919:.
1900:.
1883:^
1869:.
1859:.
1847:.
1806:.
1796:.
1784:.
1758:.
1736:.
1717:^
1691:.
1679:^
1497:,
1493:,
1489:,
1400:/
1358:/
548:9
526:8
507:7
481:6
462:5
440:4
414:3
392:2
384:,
374:μm
364:1
347:IR
332:mm
287:,
199:kg
126:;
116:;
114:海洋
108:,
106:HY
3394:)
3390:(
3243:(
2665:e
2658:t
2651:v
2634:.
2130:e
2123:t
2116:v
2078:.
2058::
2050::
2020:.
2000::
1992::
1959:.
1931::
1855::
1792::
1695:.
1673:.
1651:.
1629:.
1607:.
1585:.
203:m
104:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
