251:, authored between 1822 and 1829, she both described and analyzed the events of the American Revolution, laying out some of the early groundwork for a political and theoretical understanding of its causes and achievements. It presented an ideological argument that combined political theory with tradition descriptive historical writing, with an appreciation of the significance of popular demonstrations and an egalitarian emphasis. For example, she located the sources for the Boston riots that protested the
235:...although there must be allowed some moral and physical distinction of the sexes agreeably to the order of nature, still the sentiment must predominate that the powers of the mind are equal in the sexes.... There can be no doubt that there is as much difference of the powers of each individual of the male sex as there is of the female; and if they received the same mode of education their improvement would be fully equal.
22:
173:. She inherited a portrait of the founder of the Mather dynasty. She was raised in a religious environment and had strong religious beliefs throughout her life. Her father was an educated man who believed in the importance of educating women, which lead to her passion for women's rights. She was extensively educated in languages, history, theology, and literature.
223:. Never published, it is a statement in the style of a pledge taken by a new member of a fraternal organization. It is thought to be designed to allow husbands of women who joined St. Anne's Lodge to commit themselves to certain principles within marriage. The title uses coded language a Mason would recognize.
239:
Her views remained in many respects traditional. She wrote, for example, that "It must be women's prerogative to shine in the domestic circle and her appropriate duty to teach and regulate the opening mind of her little flock.... The surest foundation to secure the female's right, must be in family
191:
and a captain in the
Revolutionary War. He was also an advocate for women's rights. They had ten children between 1780 and 1795. During her marriage she became involved in Freemasonry and worked to advance women's place in society by founding St. Anne's Lodge, an all-female organization guided by
255:
in the tradition of anti-Catholic parades, their ritual acts of violence and the burning of effigies. She wrote in the voice of a personal witness to provide the reader with a sense of immediacy. The manuscript was discovered among her papers after her death and acquired by the
230:
in Boston in 1818. She argued that men and women were equal in mental capacity, though allowed for different expressions according to gender. This view formed the basis of her advocacy of female education:
795:
770:
141:, on June 27, 1752. She was the daughter of Samuel Mather, a Congregationalist minister, and Hannah Hutchinson. She was a descendant of the Mather dynasty founded in New England by
180:, she recounted how as a young adult in 1775 she had hidden letters written by her father under her clothing, smuggled them out of British-occupied Boston, and delivered them to
199:. In 1812 she founded the School of Industry to provide instruction in vocational skills for "the female children of the poor in the Northern district of Boston". She died in
691:
228:
Observations on the Real Rights of Women, with Their
Appropriate Duties, Reminiscences and Traditions of Boston, Agreeable to Scripture, Reason and Common Sense
780:
775:
760:
257:
39:
370:
765:
125:
essayist and one of the first advocates of women's rights in
America, as well as a pioneer for women's participation in Freemasonry. Her
755:
710:
790:
605:
404:
105:
86:
516:
Rabinovitch, Eyal (November 2001). "Gender and the Public Sphere: Alternative Forms of
Integration in Nineteenth-Century America".
153:(1663-1728), all prominent Puritan ministers involved in the important religious and political issues of their era, including the
58:
65:
43:
473:
Botting, Eileen Hunt; Houser, Sarah L. (2006). ""Drawing the Line of
Equality": Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights".
316:
Botting, Eileen Hunt (2016). "Women
Writing War: Mercy Otis Warren and Hannah Mather Crocker on the American Revolution".
204:
166:
352:
729:
Observations on the Real Rights of Women, With Their
Appropriate Duties, Agreeable to Scripture, Reason and Common Sense
162:
72:
785:
727:
54:
32:
676:
Kidd, Karen (2011). "Hannah Mather
Crocker: Patriot, Founding Mother, Freemason". In Davis, Robert G. (ed.).
138:
288:
195:
She also wrote and became a well-known essayist and poet. Her political affiliation was always with the
750:
745:
241:
170:
79:
685:
576:
541:
533:
498:
490:
452:
444:
333:
200:
154:
621:
362:
706:
601:
559:
Zagarri, Rosemarie (April 1998). "The Rights of Man and Woman in Post-Revolutionary
America".
400:
394:
366:
337:
208:
641:
568:
525:
482:
436:
358:
325:
196:
188:
146:
142:
739:
545:
502:
456:
181:
158:
150:
663:, ed. Taryn Benbow-Pfalzgraf, vol. 1, 2nd ed. (Detroit: St. James Press, 2000), 241.
329:
700:
595:
203:, Massachusetts, on July 11, 1829, and was interred in the Mather family tomb in
192:
masonic principles to provide women with instruction in literature and science.
21:
594:
Crocker, Hannah Mather (2011). Botting, Eileen Hunt; Houser, Sarah L. (eds.).
486:
440:
529:
252:
122:
494:
580:
537:
448:
427:
Dresser, Louisa (July–October 1966). "Portraits in Boston, 1630-1720".
269:
The School of Reform; or, Seaman's Safe Pilot to the Cape of Good Hope
643:
The School of Reform: Or Seaman's Safe Pilot to the Cape of Good Hope
572:
129:(1818) was the first book on the rights of women by an American.
678:
Heredom: The
Transactions of the Scottish Rite Research Society
15:
187:
On 18 March 1779, she married Joseph Crocker, a graduate of
702:
Observations on the Real Rights of Women and Other Writings
699:
Crocker, Hannah Mather (2011). Post, Constance J. (ed.).
623:
A Series of Letters on Free Masonry by a Lady of Boston
287:
The School of Industry closed in 1819, replaced by the
121:(June 27, 1752 – July 11, 1829) was an
669:
Haunted Chambers: The Lives of Early Women Freemasons
351:
Franklin, Benjamin (2000). "Crocker, Hannah Mather".
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
796:People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution
468:
466:
233:
771:American spies during the American Revolution
659:L.W. Koengeter, “Crocker, Hannah Mather,” in
600:. New England Historic Genealogical Society.
244:, whom Boston society viewed as a libertine.
8:
690:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
399:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 251ff.
396:Dictionary of Early American Philosophers
363:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600382
311:
309:
307:
258:New England Historic Genealogical Society
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Observations on the Real Rights of Women
303:
280:
240:government." She included a defense of
683:
597:Reminiscences and Traditions of Boston
249:Reminiscences and Traditions of Boston
178:Reminiscences and Traditions of Boston
260:in 1879, which published it in 2011.
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
781:19th-century American women writers
776:18th-century American women writers
265:A Series of Letters on Free Masonry
14:
475:American Political Science Review
761:Women in the American Revolution
705:. University of Nebraska Press.
680:. Vol. 19. Washington, D.C.
429:Archives of American Art Journal
184:, a leader of the rebel forces.
20:
318:Massachusetts Historical Review
31:needs additional citations for
338:10.5224/masshistrevi.18.1.0088
330:10.5224/masshistrevi.18.1.0088
289:public school system of Boston
1:
167:Province of Massachusetts Bay
149:(1639–1723) and his grandson
145:(1596–1669), through his son
393:Shook, John R., ed. (2012).
159:vaccination against smallpox
766:People from colonial Boston
629:. Boston: John Eliot. 1815.
357:. Oxford University Press.
354:American National Biography
169:in the years preceding the
161:. Her mother's brother was
812:
756:Writers from Massachusetts
561:William and Mary Quarterly
205:Copp's Hill Burying Ground
487:10.1017/s0003055406062150
441:10.1086/aaa.6.3_4.1557036
263:Her other works include:
219:In 1787 she authored the
157:and the controversy over
791:American women essayists
530:10.1111/0735-2751.00145
55:"Hannah Mather Crocker"
661:American Women Writers
640:Crocker, H.M. (1816).
237:
139:Roxbury, Massachusetts
137:Hannah Mather born in
646:. Boston: John Eliot.
667:Kidd, Karen (2009).
40:improve this article
518:Sociological Theory
242:Mary Wollstonecraft
171:American Revolution
786:American essayists
654:Additional sources
221:North Square Creed
165:, Governor of the
155:Salem Witch Trials
372:978-0-19-860669-7
247:In her chronicle
163:Thomas Hutchinson
116:
115:
108:
90:
803:
716:
695:
689:
681:
672:
648:
647:
637:
631:
630:
628:
618:
612:
611:
591:
585:
584:
556:
550:
549:
513:
507:
506:
470:
461:
460:
424:
418:
417:
415:
413:
390:
384:
383:
381:
379:
348:
342:
341:
313:
292:
285:
197:Federalist Party
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
811:
810:
806:
805:
804:
802:
801:
800:
736:
735:
723:
713:
698:
682:
675:
666:
651:
639:
638:
634:
626:
620:
619:
615:
608:
593:
592:
588:
573:10.2307/2674382
558:
557:
553:
515:
514:
510:
472:
471:
464:
426:
425:
421:
411:
409:
407:
392:
391:
387:
377:
375:
373:
350:
349:
345:
315:
314:
305:
301:
296:
295:
286:
282:
277:
217:
189:Harvard College
147:Increase Mather
135:
133:Life and family
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
809:
807:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
738:
737:
734:
733:
732:(Boston, 1818)
722:
721:External links
719:
718:
717:
712:978-0803216150
711:
696:
673:
671:. Cornerstone.
664:
656:
655:
650:
649:
632:
613:
606:
586:
551:
508:
462:
419:
405:
385:
371:
343:
302:
300:
297:
294:
293:
279:
278:
276:
273:
226:She published
216:
213:
143:Richard Mather
134:
131:
119:Hannah Crocker
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
808:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
731:
730:
726:Excerpt from
725:
724:
720:
714:
708:
704:
703:
697:
693:
687:
679:
674:
670:
665:
662:
658:
657:
653:
652:
645:
644:
636:
633:
625:
624:
617:
614:
609:
607:9780880822534
603:
599:
598:
590:
587:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:(2): 203–30.
566:
562:
555:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:(3): 344–70.
523:
519:
512:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:(2): 265–78.
480:
476:
469:
467:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:(3/4): 1–34.
434:
430:
423:
420:
408:
406:9781441171405
402:
398:
397:
389:
386:
374:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:
347:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
298:
290:
284:
281:
274:
272:
270:
266:
261:
259:
254:
250:
245:
243:
236:
232:
229:
224:
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
190:
185:
183:
182:Joseph Warren
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Cotton Mather
148:
144:
140:
132:
130:
128:
124:
120:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
728:
701:
677:
668:
660:
642:
635:
622:
616:
596:
589:
564:
560:
554:
521:
517:
511:
478:
474:
432:
428:
422:
410:. Retrieved
395:
388:
376:. Retrieved
353:
346:
321:
317:
283:
268:
264:
262:
248:
246:
238:
234:
227:
225:
220:
218:
207:in Boston's
194:
186:
177:
175:
136:
126:
118:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
751:1829 deaths
746:1752 births
96:August 2018
740:Categories
412:August 29,
378:August 29,
324:: 88–118.
299:References
201:Dorchester
66:newspapers
686:cite book
546:145081705
503:144730126
457:192723477
253:Stamp Act
209:North End
495:27644349
215:Writings
123:American
581:2674382
538:3108600
449:1557036
80:scholar
709:
604:
579:
544:
536:
501:
493:
455:
447:
403:
369:
336:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
627:(PDF)
577:JSTOR
542:S2CID
534:JSTOR
499:S2CID
491:JSTOR
453:S2CID
445:JSTOR
334:JSTOR
275:Notes
87:JSTOR
73:books
707:ISBN
692:link
602:ISBN
414:2018
401:ISBN
380:2018
367:ISBN
267:and
59:news
569:doi
526:doi
483:doi
479:100
437:doi
359:doi
326:doi
176:In
42:by
742::
688:}}
684:{{
575:.
565:55
563:.
540:.
532:.
522:19
520:.
497:.
489:.
477:.
465:^
451:.
443:.
431:.
365:.
332:.
322:18
320:.
306:^
271:.
211:.
715:.
694:)
610:.
583:.
571::
548:.
528::
505:.
485::
459:.
439::
433:6
416:.
382:.
361::
340:.
328::
291:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
