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147:, sending the empire into chaos. Numerous Assyrian dependencies saw opportunity in the resultant political instability and rebelled against Assyrian rule. Philistia was no exception, and Hanunu joined the other kings of Philistia in rebelling against Sargon. Despite facing concurrent rebellions in other parts of the empire, Sargon II was able to decisively crush each revolt against Assyria. By 711 BC,
127:
Assyrians had completely conquered
Philistia, and Hanunu eventually returned to Gaza, where Tiglath-Pileser III reinstated him as king. Why Hanunu returned is unclear, Tiglath-Pileser's annals record he returned because he was "overwhelmed" by the "terrifying splendor" of the Assyrian patron deity
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During the conquest, Philistia attempted to withstand the
Assyrian invasion, to little success. In 734 BC, as Tiglath-Pileser III marched through the Philistine pentapolis, Hanunu realized Gaza would not hold against the Assyrian armies, and he fled to Egypt. With Gaza's capture and sacking, the
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131:, in reality it might have been that he had expected aid from the Egyptians due to Gaza's position in their trade network, and returned once it became clear that no help was coming.
143:, continued to spread the Empire's borders through the Middle East, eventually destroying Israel in 720 BC. During this time, Shalmaneser V was suddenly deposed by
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Under
Assyrian rule, Gaza remained a lucrative trading station, and brought Assyria's borders against Egypt's. Tiglath-Pileser's successor,
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was annexed, many cities in Israel were captured, reducing the kingdom to a rump state, and Judah became a tributary to
Assyria.
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from the Neo-Assyrian Empire, began forming powerful alliances with its neighboring nations, including the
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27:. The conquest of Gaza, among other nations, is described in the surrounding inscriptions.
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trampling an enemy king, sometimes identified as Hanunu, in a relief from his palace in
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102:. Fearing the threat posed by an Israel with Syrian military backing, the king of
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159:. Following Gaza's capture, Hanunu was put in bondage and brought to
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A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state
Cultures: An Investigation
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24:
114:, and appealed to him to invade the Levant. In the ensuing war,
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253:(3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969) 283.
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during the 8th century BC. During Hanunu's reign, much of the
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had been conquered, and Hanunu and his armies were routed at
281:', Assyrian empire builders, University College London, 2012
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Ancient Near
Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
238:
Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?
208:. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp. 136–.
279:Gaza, Ashdod and the other Philistine kingdoms
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277:Karen Radner & Silvie Zamazalová, '
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110:, paid homage to the Neo-Assyrian king
267:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
191:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
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240:(New York: T&T Clark, 2007): 134
202:Mogens Herman Hansen, ed. (2000).
82:, during the mid-8th century BCE,
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263:Q003455 / Tiglath-pileser III 42
74:Assyrian conquest of the Levant
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1:
54:, was the Philistine king of
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249:James B. Pritchard, ed.,
135:Rebellion against Assyria
66:, was controlled by the
303:8th-century BC monarchs
163:, his fate is unknown.
122:Hanunu's return to Gaza
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313:8th-century BC rebels
180:Hanunu (KING OF GAZA)
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151:had been destroyed,
50:), sometimes called
112:Tiglath-Pileser III
68:Neo-Assyrian Empire
21:Tiglath-Pileser III
236:Lester L. Grabbe,
185:2022-11-06 at the
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100:Kingdom of Israel
78:According to the
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298:Philistine kings
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46:: 𒄩𒀀𒉡𒌑𒉡
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92:buffer state
80:Hebrew Bible
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62:, including
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48:ḫa-a-nu-ú-nu
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96:Middle East
292:Categories
224:1000873699
167:References
86:, king of
38:: 𐤇𐤍𐤍 *
36:Philistine
308:Gaza City
145:Sargon II
64:Philistia
183:Archived
44:Akkadian
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212:
153:Ashdod
60:Levant
32:Hanunu
161:Assur
157:Rafah
129:Aššur
104:Judah
84:Rezin
52:Hanno
40:Ḥanūn
25:Kalhu
220:OCLC
210:ISBN
149:Gath
108:Ahaz
56:Gaza
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34:(
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