210:
Of the four principal subclades, E1b and E2a are found mainly in
Maritime Southeast Asia, while only E1a and E2b are also found in Taiwan. E2b has low diversity within Taiwan, suggesting that it arrived there about 5,000 years ago. The most common E subclade, E1a1a, has highest diversity in Taiwan,
2140:
Scholes, Clarissa; Siddle, Katherine; Ducourneau, Axel; Crivellaro, Federica; Järve, Mari; Rootsi, Siiri; Bellatti, Maggie; Tabbada, Kristina; Mormina, Maru; Reidla, Maere; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas; Lahr, Marta
Mirazon; Migliano, Andrea Bamberg (2011). "Genetic Diversity and Evidence for
2206:
Soares, Pedro A.; Trejaut, Jean A.; Rito, Teresa; Cavadas, Bruno; Hill, Catherine; Eng, Ken Khong; Mormina, Maru; Brandão, Andreia; Fraser, Ross M.; Wang, Tse-Yi; Loo, Jun-Hun; Snell, Christopher; Ko, Tsang-Ming; Amorim, António; Pala, Maria; Macaulay, Vincent; Bulbeck, David; Wilson, James F.;
2170:
Soares, Pedro; Trejaut, Jean Alain; Loo, Jun-Hun; Hill, Catherine; Mormina, Maru; Lee, Chien-Liang; Chen, Yao-Ming; Hudjashov, Georgi; Forster, Peter; Macaulay, Vincent; Bulbeck, David; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Lin, Marie; Richards, Martin B. (2008).
2022:
Liu, Chang; Wang, Sha-Yan; Zhao, Mian; Xu, Zhi-Yong; Hu, Yu-Hua; Chen, Feng; Zhang, Ruan-Zhang; Gao, Guo-Feng; Yu, Yue-Sheng; Kong, Qing-Peng (2011). "Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Gelao ethnic group residing in
Southwest China".
138:
off the southeast China coast, was found to belong to
Haplogroup E, with two of the four mutations characteristic of the E1 subgroup. From this, Ko and colleagues argue that Haplogroup E arose 8,000 to 11,000 years ago near the north
1992:
Li, Binbin; Zhong, Fuguang; Yi, Hongsheng; Wang, Xianran; Li, Liangfang; Wang, Lilan; Qi, Xiaolan; Wu, Lifu (2007). "Genetic
Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA in Dong, Gelao, Tujia, and Yi Ethnic Populations from Guizhou, China".
1859:
Hill, Catherine; Soares, Pedro; Mormina, Maru; Macaulay, Vincent; Meehan, William; Blackburn, James; Clarke, Douglas; Raja, Joseph Maripa; Ismail, Patimah; Bulbeck, David; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Richards, Martin (2006).
1905:
Hill, Catherine; Soares, Pedro; Mormina, Maru; Macaulay, Vincent; Clarke, Dougie; Blumbach, Petya B.; Vizuete-Forster, Matthieu; Forster, Peter; Bulbeck, David; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Richards, Martin (2007).
111:
Two contrasting proposals have been made for the location and time of the origin of
Haplogroup E. One view is that the clade was formed over 30,000 years ago, around the time of the
2250:
Tabbada, Kristina A.; Trejaut, Jean; Loo, Jun-Hun; Chen, Yao-Ming; Lin, Marie; Mirazón-Lahr, Marta; Kivisild, Toomas; De Ungria, Maria
Corazon A. (2010).
163:. It is nearly absent from mainland East Asia, where its sister group M9a (also found in Japan) is common. In particular, it is found among speakers of
2531:"Reduced-Median-Network Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial DNA Coding-Region Sequences for the Major African, Asian, and European Haplogroups"
1949:
Ko, Albert Min-Shan; Chen, Chung-Yu; Fu, Qiaomei; Delfin, Frederick; Li, Mingkun; Chiu, Hung-Lin; Stoneking, Mark; Ko, Ying-Chin (2014).
1391:
92:
2285:
Trejaut, Jean A.; Kivisild, Toomas; Loo, Jun Hun; Lee, Chien Liang; He, Chun Lin; Hsu, Chia Jung; Lee, Zheng Yuan; Lin, Marie (2005).
2052:
Peng, Min-Sheng; Quang, Huy Ho; Dang, Khoa Pham; Trieu, An Vu; Wang, Hua-Wei; Yao, Yong-Gang; Kong, Qing-Peng; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2010).
1403:
2671:
2572:
Ingman, M.; Kaessmann, H.; Pääbo, S.; Gyllensten, U. (2000). "Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans".
143:
coast, travelled to Taiwan with
Neolithic settlers 6,000 years ago, and from there spread to Maritime Southeast Asia with the
167:, and it is rare even in Southeast Asia among speakers of other language families. It has been detected in populations of
2373:
Vilar, Miguel G.; Chan, Chim W.; Santos, Dana R.; Lynch, Daniel; Spathis, Rita; Garruto, Ralph M.; Lum, J. Koji (2013).
1381:
84:
876:
1419:
1036:
2486:
Ballinger, S.W.; Schurr, T.G.; Torroni, A.; Gan, Y.Y.; Hodge, J.A.; Hassan, K.; Chen, K.H.; Wallace, D.C. (1992).
1298:
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup E subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and
Manfred Kayser
962:
160:
2450:
211:
followed by the
Philippines and Sulawesi. Moreover, other branches of E1a1 are largely confined to Taiwan.
2456:
164:
144:
2462:
2444:
2375:"The Origins and Genetic Distinctiveness of the Chamorros of the Marianas Islands: An mtDNA Perspective"
1633:
1628:
1595:
1502:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1371:
2488:"Southeast Asian Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Reveals Genetic Continuity of Ancient Mongoloid Migrations"
2438:
147:
dispersal. Soares et al caution against over-emphasizing a single sample, and maintain that a constant
2581:
2100:
2054:"Tracing the Austronesian Footprint in Mainland Southeast Asia: A Perspective from Mitochondrial DNA"
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1621:
1613:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1507:
1492:
1487:
526:
112:
100:
1386:
2605:
2361:
2287:"Traces of Archaic Mitochondrial Lineages Persist in Austronesian-Speaking Formosan Populations"
2648:
2597:
2560:
2517:
2404:
2353:
2318:
2273:
2238:
2207:
Gusmão, Leonor; Pereira, Luísa; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Lin, Marie; Richards, Martin B. (2016).
2194:
2158:
2128:
2075:
2040:
2010:
1980:
1937:
1893:
1604:
1415:
1376:
902:
823:
96:
2638:
2630:
2589:
2550:
2542:
2507:
2499:
2394:
2386:
2343:
2308:
2298:
2263:
2228:
2220:
2184:
2150:
2118:
2108:
2065:
2032:
2002:
1970:
1962:
1927:
1919:
1883:
1873:
1218:
1088:
1040:
717:
196:
20:
2252:"Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia?"
2480:
1062:
713:
499:
477:
347:
320:
247:
204:
200:
148:
2089:"Tracing the legacy of the early Hainan Islanders – a perspective from mitochondrial DNA"
2585:
2104:
2643:
2618:
2512:
2487:
2399:
2374:
2313:
2286:
2233:
2208:
2123:
2088:
1975:
1950:
1932:
1907:
1166:
932:
571:
2555:
2530:
2474:
2006:
19:
This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see
2665:
2332:"Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation"
1433:
1114:
660:
455:
425:
259:
135:
2609:
2365:
1580:
1300:
Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation
1244:
1140:
1010:
984:
796:
770:
766:
375:
131:
124:
2634:
2503:
2303:
2036:
958:
872:
548:
451:
172:
1966:
123:). In this model, the haplogroup was dispersed by rising sea levels during the
2224:
192:
2268:
2251:
2189:
2172:
2113:
2070:
2053:
1878:
1861:
1266:
928:
846:
740:
664:
652:
176:
116:
46:
2601:
2564:
2408:
2357:
2322:
2277:
2242:
2198:
2162:
2132:
2079:
2044:
2014:
1984:
1941:
1897:
2652:
2521:
151:
implies the earlier date (and more southerly origin) remains more likely.
1222:
1196:
1170:
1118:
1092:
988:
398:
324:
294:
282:
180:
2619:"Geographic Variation in Human Mitochondrial DNA from Papua New Guinea"
2390:
2348:
2331:
2154:
936:
880:
850:
774:
744:
629:
602:
351:
1888:
130:
In 2014, the mitochondrial DNA of an 8,000-year-old skeleton found on
2593:
1270:
1144:
1066:
1014:
906:
668:
598:
575:
447:
290:
286:
255:
188:
168:
140:
120:
50:
2087:
Peng, Min-Sheng; He, Jun-Dong; Liu, Hai-Xin; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2011).
2546:
2173:"Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia"
1923:
1192:
656:
625:
503:
402:
184:
2468:
1862:"Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians"
819:
691:
298:
251:
1831:
1829:
1681:
1679:
1677:
2617:
Stoneking, M.; Jorde, L.B.; Bhatia, K.; Wilson, A.C. (1990).
2209:"Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations"
1713:
1711:
1396:
2529:
Herrnstadt, C.; Elson, J.L.; Fahy, E.; et al. (2002).
2427:
1908:"A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia"
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
2141:
Population Admixture in Batak Negritos from Palawan".
1698:
1696:
1694:
73:
65:
57:
41:
33:
28:
1612:
1609:
1455:
1717:
369:E1a1a=18, E2(xE2b)=5, E1(xE1a1a, E1a2, E1b)=1
1951:"Early Austronesians: into and out of Taiwan"
1847:
1772:
1760:
1052:
729:
515:
488:
363:
336:
8:
1835:
1748:
1685:
1808:
1404:human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
918:
271:
2330:van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred (2008).
1820:
1796:
1784:
1736:
1282:
1234:
1208:
1182:
1156:
1130:
1104:
1078:
1026:
1000:
892:
862:
835:
756:
703:
680:
641:
614:
587:
560:
537:
467:
437:
414:
387:
310:
93:human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup
2642:
2554:
2511:
2398:
2347:
2312:
2302:
2267:
2232:
2188:
2143:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2122:
2112:
2069:
1974:
1931:
1887:
1877:
1256:
2025:Forensic Science International: Genetics
1702:
974:
948:
808:
786:
213:
1673:
1955:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1544:
1496:
1463:
1458:
1440:
1437:
1424:
1414:
25:
1491:
1486:
472:E1a=14, E2=5, E1b=3, E1(xE1a, E1b)=1
315:E1a=42, E1b=9, E2=7, E1(xE1a, E1b)=5
7:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1617:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1450:
1445:
1432:
1427:
1411:
685:E1a=6, E1b=4, E1(xE1a, E1b)=1, E2=1
1392:Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
1302:and subsequent published research.
521:E1a1a=14, E1b=5, E2(xE2b)=2, E2b=1
2535:American Journal of Human Genetics
1912:American Journal of Human Genetics
215:Frequencies of MtDNA Haplogroup E
16:Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
14:
2479:FamilyTreeDNA's mtDNA Haplotree:
2379:American Journal of Human Biology
195:of peninsular Malaysia), coastal
159:Haplogroup E is found throughout
1995:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
2256:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2177:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2058:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1866:Molecular Biology and Evolution
708:E1a=3, E1b=1, E1(xE1a, E1b)=1
77:3027, 3705, 7598, 13626, 16390
1:
2007:10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60091-5
392:E1(xE1a, E1b)=3, E1a=2, E2=2
2304:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030247
2037:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.04.007
1382:Human mitochondrial genetics
494:E1a1a=5, E2(xE2b)=2, E1a2=1
342:E1a1a=10, E2(xE2b)=4, E1b=1
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
115:, on the northeast coast of
85:human mitochondrial genetics
2688:
2635:10.1093/genetics/124.3.717
2504:10.1093/genetics/130.1.139
1967:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.003
1718:van Oven & Kayser 2008
1399:
18:
2225:10.1007/s00439-015-1620-z
1247:(Daozhen County, Guizhou)
799:(Daozhen County, Guizhou)
2093:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1620:
199:, and especially in the
42:Possible place of origin
2672:Human mtDNA haplogroups
2114:10.1186/1471-2148-11-46
963:Tianzhu County, Guizhou
161:Maritime Southeast Asia
34:Possible time of origin
165:Austronesian languages
99:. It is a subgroup of
2269:10.1093/molbev/msp215
2190:10.1093/molbev/msn068
2071:10.1093/molbev/msq131
1879:10.1093/molbev/msl124
1402:Phylogenetic tree of
1372:Genealogical DNA test
145:Austronesian language
113:Last Glacial Maximum
2586:2000Natur.408..708I
2105:2011BMCEE..11...46P
1387:Population genetics
419:E1b=6, E1a=1, E2=1
216:
37:35,000 to 8,000 YBP
2426:Mannis van Oven's
2391:10.1002/ajhb.22349
2349:10.1002/humu.20921
2155:10.1002/ajpa.21544
1848:Tabbada et al 2010
1775:, pp. 24, 28.
1773:Tabbada et al 2010
1761:Trejaut et al 2005
1053:Scholes et al 2011
730:Scholes et al 2011
527:Taiwan (aborigine)
516:Tabbada et al 2010
489:Tabbada et al 2010
364:Tabbada et al 2010
337:Tabbada et al 2010
214:
74:Defining mutations
2580:(6813): 708–713.
2064:(10): 2417–2430.
1872:(12): 2480–2491.
1836:Soares et al 2008
1749:Soares et al 2016
1686:Soares et al 2008
1666:
1665:
1607:
1416:Mitochondrial Eve
1377:Genetic genealogy
1291:
1290:
570:East Indonesian (
547:East Indonesian (
397:East Indonesian (
374:East Indonesian (
281:East Indonesian (
97:Malay Archipelago
81:
80:
2679:
2656:
2646:
2613:
2594:10.1038/35047064
2568:
2558:
2541:(5): 1152–1171.
2525:
2515:
2451:Haplogroup E1a1b
2412:
2402:
2369:
2351:
2342:(2): E386–E394.
2326:
2316:
2306:
2281:
2271:
2246:
2236:
2202:
2192:
2183:(6): 1209–1218.
2166:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2083:
2073:
2048:
2018:
1988:
1978:
1945:
1935:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1809:Vilar et al 2013
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1603:
1397:
919:Vilar et al 2013
822:, incl. 36 from
276:E2a=68, E1a2=29
272:Vilar et al 2013
217:
197:Papua New Guinea
95:typical for the
26:
21:Haplogroup E-M96
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2662:
2661:
2616:
2571:
2528:
2485:
2457:Haplogroup E1a2
2420:
2415:
2372:
2329:
2284:
2249:
2205:
2169:
2139:
2086:
2051:
2021:
1991:
1948:
1904:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1838:, p. 1213.
1834:
1827:
1821:Peng et al 2011
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1797:Hill et al 2006
1795:
1791:
1785:Peng et al 2010
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1737:Hill et al 2007
1735:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1692:
1688:, p. 1215.
1684:
1675:
1671:
1368:
1296:
1283:Peng et al 2011
1235:Hill et al 2006
1209:Hill et al 2006
1183:Hill et al 2006
1157:Peng et al 2011
1131:Hill et al 2006
1105:Hill et al 2006
1079:Peng et al 2011
1027:Peng et al 2011
1001:Hill et al 2006
897:E1a1a=1, E2a=1
893:Peng et al 2010
863:Hill et al 2006
836:Hill et al 2007
757:Hill et al 2006
704:Hill et al 2007
681:Hill et al 2007
642:Hill et al 2006
615:Hill et al 2006
588:Hill et al 2007
561:Hill et al 2007
538:Peng et al 2011
468:Hill et al 2007
438:Hill et al 2006
415:Hill et al 2007
388:Hill et al 2007
311:Hill et al 2007
205:Mariana Islands
157:
149:molecular clock
109:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2629:(3): 717–733.
2614:
2569:
2547:10.1086/339933
2526:
2498:(1): 139–152.
2483:
2477:
2471:
2467:YFull MTree's
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2418:External links
2416:
2414:
2413:
2385:(1): 116–122.
2370:
2336:Human Mutation
2327:
2282:
2247:
2219:(3): 309–326.
2213:Human Genetics
2203:
2167:
2137:
2084:
2049:
2031:(1): PE4–E10.
2019:
2001:(9): 800–811.
1989:
1961:(3): 426–436.
1946:
1924:10.1086/510412
1902:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1722:
1707:
1690:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:Liu et al 2011
1254:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1006:
1003:
998:
995:
992:
981:
980:
977:
972:
969:
966:
955:
954:
951:
946:
943:
940:
933:Hezhang County
925:
924:
921:
916:
913:
910:
899:
898:
895:
890:
887:
884:
869:
868:
865:
860:
857:
854:
842:
841:
838:
833:
830:
827:
815:
814:
811:
806:
803:
800:
793:
792:
789:
784:
781:
778:
763:
762:
759:
754:
751:
748:
736:
735:
732:
727:
724:
721:
710:
709:
706:
701:
698:
695:
687:
686:
683:
678:
675:
672:
648:
647:
644:
639:
636:
633:
621:
620:
617:
612:
609:
606:
594:
593:
590:
585:
582:
579:
567:
566:
563:
558:
555:
552:
544:
543:
540:
535:
532:
529:
523:
522:
519:
513:
510:
507:
496:
495:
492:
486:
483:
480:
474:
473:
470:
465:
462:
459:
444:
443:
440:
435:
432:
429:
421:
420:
417:
412:
409:
406:
394:
393:
390:
385:
382:
379:
371:
370:
367:
361:
358:
355:
344:
343:
340:
334:
331:
328:
317:
316:
313:
308:
305:
302:
278:
277:
274:
269:
266:
263:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
191:, but not the
156:
153:
108:
105:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2684:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:Haplogroup E2
2460:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:Haplogroup E1
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2434:Haplogroup E
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1850:, p. 29.
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:Ko et al 2014
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
986:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:Li et al 2007
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:Li et al 2007
947:
944:
941:
938:
934:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
904:
901:
900:
896:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
878:
874:
871:
870:
866:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
848:
844:
843:
839:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
821:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:Li et al 2007
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
794:
790:
788:
787:Li et al 2007
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
768:
765:
764:
760:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
742:
738:
737:
733:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
689:
688:
684:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
627:
623:
622:
618:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
600:
596:
595:
592:E1b=3, E1a=1
591:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
573:
569:
568:
565:E1a=3, E1b=2
564:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
546:
545:
541:
539:
536:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
471:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:Kota Kinabalu
453:
449:
446:
445:
441:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
422:
418:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
400:
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:
345:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
322:
319:
318:
314:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
275:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
218:
212:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
137:
136:Matsu Islands
134:, one of the
133:
128:
126:
122:
119:(near modern
118:
114:
106:
104:
102:
101:haplogroup M9
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2626:
2622:
2577:
2573:
2538:
2534:
2495:
2491:
2481:Haplogroup E
2475:Haplogroup E
2469:Haplogroup E
2461:Ian Logan's
2455:Ian Logan's
2449:Ian Logan's
2443:Ian Logan's
2439:Haplogroup E
2437:Ian Logan's
2382:
2378:
2339:
2335:
2294:
2291:PLOS Biology
2290:
2262:(1): 21–31.
2259:
2255:
2216:
2212:
2180:
2176:
2149:(1): 62–72.
2146:
2142:
2096:
2092:
2061:
2057:
2028:
2024:
1998:
1994:
1958:
1954:
1918:(1): 29–43.
1915:
1911:
1869:
1865:
1843:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1512:
1401:
1400:
1299:
1297:
845:Indonesian (
818:Indonesian (
771:Yanhe County
739:Indonesian (
690:Indonesian (
651:Indonesian (
624:Indonesian (
597:Indonesian (
518:, p. 24
491:, p. 24
424:Indonesian (
366:, p. 24
339:, p. 24
295:Ujung Padang
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
209:
158:
155:Distribution
132:Liang Island
129:
125:Late Glacial
110:
89:haplogroup E
88:
82:
29:Haplogroup E
2297:(8). e247.
452:Banjarmasin
297:, & 38
285:, incl. 89
183:(including
173:Philippines
66:Descendants
2473:MITOMAP's
2099:(46): 46.
1889:1885/23220
1669:References
903:Carolinian
877:Bình Thuận
258:, & 6
221:Population
193:Orang Asli
2428:Phylotree
1294:Subclades
847:Pekanbaru
741:Palembang
665:Palembang
653:Pekanbaru
454:& 68
226:Frequency
201:Chamorros
177:Indonesia
117:Sundaland
47:Sundaland
2666:Category
2623:Genetics
2610:52850476
2602:11130070
2565:11938495
2492:Genetics
2423:General
2409:23180676
2366:27566749
2358:18853457
2323:15984912
2278:19755666
2243:26781090
2199:18359946
2163:21796613
2133:21324107
2080:20513740
2045:20494640
2015:17884690
1985:24607387
1942:17160892
1898:16982817
1366:See also
1223:Malaysia
1197:Malaysia
1171:Malaysia
1119:Malaysia
1093:Malaysia
989:Malaysia
714:Filipino
667:, &
500:Filipino
478:Filipino
399:Waingapu
348:Filipino
325:Mindanao
321:Filipino
283:Sulawesi
248:Chamorro
241:Subtypes
181:Malaysia
127:period.
58:Ancestor
2653:1968873
2644:1203963
2582:Bibcode
2522:1346259
2513:1204787
2400:4335639
2314:1166350
2234:4757630
2124:3048540
2101:Bibcode
1976:3951936
1933:1876738
1618:
1610:
1600:
1550:
1527:
1497:
1467:
1464:
1456:
1441:
1428:
1425:
1412:
1219:Semelai
1089:Mendriq
1041:Palawan
937:Guizhou
881:Vietnam
851:Sumatra
824:Tengger
775:Guizhou
745:Sumatra
718:Palawan
630:Sumatra
603:Sumatra
572:Mataram
352:Visayas
203:of the
2651:
2641:
2608:
2600:
2574:Nature
2563:
2556:447592
2553:
2520:
2510:
2407:
2397:
2364:
2356:
2321:
2311:
2276:
2241:
2231:
2197:
2161:
2131:
2121:
2078:
2043:
2013:
1983:
1973:
1940:
1930:
1896:
1605:pre-JT
1321:E1a1a1
1318:E1a1a
1271:Hainan
1145:Hainan
1115:Temuan
1067:Hainan
1063:Lingao
1015:Hainan
907:Saipan
840:E1b=1
734:E1a=1
669:Padang
661:Bangka
599:Padang
576:Lombok
448:Borneo
426:Bangka
291:Toraja
287:Manado
256:Saipan
236:Source
189:Borneo
171:, the
169:Taiwan
141:Fujian
121:Borneo
107:Origin
69:E1, E2
51:Fujian
2606:S2CID
2362:S2CID
1438:L1–6
1315:E1a1
1276:0.000
1250:0.000
1245:Gelao
1228:0.000
1202:0.000
1193:Senoi
1176:0.000
1167:Jahai
1150:0.000
1141:Danga
1124:0.000
1098:0.000
1072:0.000
1046:0.000
1037:Batak
1020:0.000
994:0.000
985:Batek
968:0.000
942:0.000
912:0.000
886:0.012
856:0.019
829:0.022
802:0.032
797:Gelao
780:0.034
767:Tujia
750:0.036
723:0.050
697:0.061
674:0.067
657:Medan
635:0.071
626:Medan
608:0.083
581:0.091
554:0.111
542:E=77
531:0.120
509:0.124
504:Luzon
482:0.125
461:0.146
431:0.147
408:0.160
403:Sumba
381:0.163
376:Ambon
357:0.214
330:0.214
304:0.266
293:, 46
289:, 64
265:0.924
254:, 14
231:Count
185:Sabah
91:is a
53:coast
45:east
2649:PMID
2598:PMID
2561:PMID
2518:PMID
2405:PMID
2354:PMID
2319:PMID
2274:PMID
2239:PMID
2195:PMID
2159:PMID
2129:PMID
2076:PMID
2041:PMID
2011:PMID
1981:PMID
1938:PMID
1894:PMID
1355:E2b2
1352:E2b1
1349:E2b
1336:E1b1
1333:E1b
1328:E1a2
1312:E1a
959:Dong
873:Cham
867:E=1
820:Java
813:E=1
791:E=1
761:E=1
692:Bali
646:E=3
619:E=2
549:Alor
450:(89
442:E=5
299:Palu
260:Rota
252:Guam
250:(85
2639:PMC
2631:doi
2627:124
2590:doi
2578:408
2551:PMC
2543:doi
2508:PMC
2500:doi
2496:130
2395:PMC
2387:doi
2344:doi
2309:PMC
2299:doi
2264:doi
2229:PMC
2221:doi
2217:135
2185:doi
2151:doi
2147:146
2119:PMC
2109:doi
2066:doi
2033:doi
2003:doi
1971:PMC
1963:doi
1928:PMC
1920:doi
1884:hdl
1874:doi
1346:E2a
1343:E2
1309:E1
1279:346
1253:102
1011:Cun
889:168
677:180
534:640
512:177
464:157
360:112
307:237
268:105
187:of
83:In
49:or
2668::
2647:.
2637:.
2625:.
2621:.
2604:.
2596:.
2588:.
2576:.
2559:.
2549:.
2539:70
2537:.
2533:.
2516:.
2506:.
2494:.
2490:.
2403:.
2393:.
2383:25
2381:.
2377:.
2360:.
2352:.
2340:30
2338:.
2334:.
2317:.
2307:.
2293:.
2289:.
2272:.
2260:27
2258:.
2254:.
2237:.
2227:.
2215:.
2211:.
2193:.
2181:25
2179:.
2175:.
2157:.
2145:.
2127:.
2117:.
2107:.
2097:11
2095:.
2091:.
2074:.
2062:27
2060:.
2056:.
2039:.
2027:.
2009:.
1999:34
1997:.
1979:.
1969:.
1959:94
1957:.
1953:.
1936:.
1926:.
1916:80
1914:.
1910:.
1892:.
1882:.
1870:23
1868:.
1864:.
1828:^
1725:^
1710:^
1693:^
1676:^
1634:JT
1629:HV
1596:R0
1503:CZ
1481:L6
1476:L5
1471:L4
1460:L3
1452:L2
1447:L1
1434:L0
1422:)
1306:E
1287:-
1267:Li
1261:-
1239:-
1231:61
1213:-
1205:52
1187:-
1179:51
1161:-
1153:40
1135:-
1127:33
1109:-
1101:32
1083:-
1075:31
1057:-
1049:31
1031:-
1023:30
1005:-
997:29
979:-
971:28
953:-
945:20
935:,
929:Yi
923:-
915:17
879:,
859:52
849:,
832:46
805:31
783:29
773:,
753:28
743:,
726:20
700:82
663:,
659:,
655:,
638:42
628:,
611:24
601:,
584:44
574:,
557:45
485:64
434:34
411:50
401:,
384:43
333:70
207:.
179:,
175:,
103:.
87:,
61:M9
2655:.
2633::
2612:.
2592::
2584::
2567:.
2545::
2524:.
2502::
2411:.
2389::
2368:.
2346::
2325:.
2301::
2295:3
2280:.
2266::
2245:.
2223::
2201:.
2187::
2165:.
2153::
2135:.
2111::
2103::
2082:.
2068::
2047:.
2035::
2029:5
2017:.
2005::
1987:.
1965::
1944:.
1922::
1900:.
1886::
1876::
1823:.
1811:.
1799:.
1787:.
1763:.
1751:.
1739:.
1720:.
1705:.
1661:T
1656:J
1651:V
1646:H
1639:K
1622:U
1614:P
1591:F
1586:B
1581:Z
1576:C
1569:Y
1564:X
1559:W
1554:I
1546:R
1541:S
1536:A
1531:O
1523:Q
1518:G
1513:E
1508:D
1493:N
1488:M
1420:L
1418:(
1273:)
1269:(
1225:)
1221:(
1199:)
1195:(
1173:)
1169:(
1147:)
1143:(
1121:)
1117:(
1095:)
1091:(
1069:)
1065:(
1043:)
1039:(
1017:)
1013:(
991:)
987:(
965:)
961:(
939:)
931:(
909:)
905:(
883:)
875:(
853:)
826:)
777:)
769:(
747:)
720:)
716:(
694:)
671:)
632:)
605:)
578:)
551:)
506:)
502:(
458:)
428:)
405:)
378:)
354:)
350:(
327:)
323:(
301:)
262:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.