31:
389:
261:
380:
The firm changed its name briefly to
Pressman, Witt & Cammer after Lee Pressman joined in 1948, But Pressman became caught up in the Hiss Case. HUAC began investigating Pressman and Witt (also a member of the group) and the stress began to wear Pressman down, even causing him to become paranoid
516:
president Joseph Ryan. In many cases, he represented union members and others who had been accused of being members of the CPUSA or harboring communist views. In 1968, Cammer played a different role in labor union issues. He served as the New York City Public
Schools trial examiner in a case
667:
Cammer married the former
Florence Glantz on January 25, 1936; the couple had two children, Robert and Margaret, who was New York State Acting Supreme Court Judge and former Deputy Administrative Judge of the New York City Civil Court, as well as spouse of American painter
465:
307:
376:, Nathan Witt and John Abt, each of whom, in succession, had been its head. Witt and Abt were now law partners in New York City. Each was accompanied at his hearing by an attorney, Mr. Harold Cammer, a partner in the law firm of Nathan, Witt and Cammer.
497:
122:
Boudin & Wittenberg (1932–1933), Zalkin & Cohen (1933–1936), Liebman, Robbins, Pressman & Leider (1936–1941), Witt & Cammer (1941-1948), fPressman, Witt & Cammer (1948–1949), Witt & Cammer, Cammer &
381:
to a degree. Pressmen left the firm peremptorily in 1949. Testifying again before HUAC in 1950, Pressman named Witt as a member of the CPUSA and the Ware group. Cammer represented Witt and fellow attorney
554:
1625:
675:
Harold I. Cammer died age 86 on
October 21, 1995, at his home in Mamaroneck, New York; he was survived by his wife, son, daughter, grandson, and two great-granddaughters.
334:
After the war, Cammer returned to the firm of Witt & Cammer. (On
November 24, 1947, the address for "Witt & Cammer, Esqs." was 9 East 40th Street, New York, NY.)
372:
On August 10th, a trio of witnesses collectively more interesting than
Collins appeared before the Committee. They were Lee Pressman, who had been a member of the
684:
424:. The communists were accused of charged conspiring to "teach and advocate violent overthrow" of the government. The other lawyers were: Abraham L. Pomerantz,
577:
493:
1267:
Labor
Relations Reference Manual: The Law of Labor Relations Including Statutes, Opinions of the Courts, and Decisions of the National Labor Relations Board
513:
1635:
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655:. In 1965, they wrote a widely circulated memorandum entitled "American Policy Vis-a-Vis Vietnam" which concluded that American involvement in the
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508:. In 1945, he also helped represent the Seamen's Joint Action Committee, a CIO-backed insurgent group which allied with three CIO
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in June 1954 for sending a questionnaire to potential grand jurors in the case. Although Cammer lost his appeal, a unanimous
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1046:. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 256–257 (Pressman paranoia and departure), 313–314 (Pressman joins).
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283:& Wittenberg from 1932 to 1933, and Zalkin & Cohen from 1933 to 1936. In 1936, he joined his long-time friend
576:
In 1978-1979, Cammer & Shapiro were working for the Joint Board, Fur, Leather & Machine
Workers Union (see
521:
agreement with the United
Federation of Teachers. His involvement was part of the circumstances which led to the
199:, civil rights, peace and justice issues, and freedom of speech cases; in particular, defending those accused of
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505:
420:
In 1951, Cammer joined more than half a dozen other lawyers in defending 17 Communist Party members, including
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in the firm of
Liebman, Robbins, Pressman & Leider, and stayed with the firm until 1941. After his friend,
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and an organization dedicated to achieving economic, racial, and social justice through the legal system.
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306:(CIO); the Joint Board, Fur, Leather & Machine Workers Union; the Brewery Workers' Union (now
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Cammer interrupted his legal career to serve in the United States military during World War II.
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From the Palmer Raids to the Patriot Act: A History of the Fight for Free Speech in America
1401:
From the Palmer Raids to the Patriot Act: A History of the Fight for Free Speech in America
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International Union of United Brewery, Flour, Cereal, Soft Drink and Distillery Workers
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faced each other publicly for the first time. Chambers described the day as follows:
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during the 1950s and 1960s. He also defended nearly 700 students arrested during the
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The Movement for Community Control of New York City's Schools, 1966-1970: Class Wars
1160:
The Movement for Community Control of New York City's Schools, 1966-1970: Class Wars
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Success Without Victory: Lost Legal Battles and the Long Road to Justice in America
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The Eyes of Willie McGee: A Tragedy of Race, Sex, and Secrets in the Jim Crow South
1363:
Success Without Victory: Lost Legal Battles and the Long Road to Justice in America
1346:
The Eyes of Willie McGee: A Tragedy of Race, Sex, and Secrets in the Jim Crow South
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Cammer was chief defense counsel for Fur and Leather Workers' Union President
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651:. Cammer and his son, Robert Cammer (also an attorney) were members of the
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Cammer's legal practice focused on labor law. Among his clients were the
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The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties
1139:
The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties
976:"Hearings Regarding Communist Espionage in the United States Government"
1173:
Buder, Leonard (24 January 1969). "State Unit Backs Teachers' Charge".
484:
for being communist-dominated and which, in the 1950s, belonged to the
356:, less than a week before on the famous "Confrontation Day" hearing of
1320:"Joint Board, Fur, Leather & Machine Workers Union Records # 5685"
637:
Cammer was interested in more than labor law issues. He worked as a
557:, Ralph Shapiro (November 10, 1916 – January 9, 2014), a graduate of
188:
1203:"Ben Gold's Lawyer Loses on Contempt". Associated Press. 6 May 1955.
553:
In 1955, when Witt left the firm to become full-time counsel to the
295:
following accusations in December 1940 that he was a member of the
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299:(CPUSA), Cammer formed the law firm of Witt & Cammer in 1941.
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to Harry and Anne (Boriskin) Cammer, Jewish immigrants from the
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Power and the Public Interest: The Memoirs of Joseph C. Swidler
1384:
Power and the Public Interest: The Memoirs of Joseph C. Swidler
591:
Cammer retired from an active legal practice in the mid-1980s.
1466:
Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer
1074:
Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer
1214:"Lawyer to Get Hearing". Associated Press. 11 October 1955.
847:"Harold Cammer". Jewish Currents. January 1995. p. 6.
337:
During 1948, Pressman formed Pressman, Witt & Cammer.
1531:
Pursuing Justice: Lee Pressman, the New Deal, and the CIO
1241:"Nathan Witt, Labor Lawyer; Ex-Secretary of the N.L.R.B."
1044:
Pursuing Justice: Lee Pressman, the New Deal, and the CIO
1386:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 243.
777:"Harold Cammer, 86, Champion of Labor and Rights Lawyer"
1300:. National Lawyers Guild - New York City Chapter: 9–10
1143:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. pp.
817:
Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
532:
after Gold was accused of lying when he submitted his
1560:
Swidler, Joseph Charles; Henderson, A. Scott (2002).
1382:
Swidler, Joseph Charles; Henderson, A. Scott (2002).
1057:"Pressman Names Three in New Deal As Reds With Him".
555:
International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers
490:
International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers
1076:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 173.
653:
Lawyers Committee on American Policy Towards Vietnam
517:involving several teachers disciplined outside the
267:(center), Cammer's future partner, with NLRB Chair
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956:. New York State Court of Appeals. 1949. p. 2
599:In 1937, Cammer was one of the co-founders of the
536:-required anti-communist oath. Cammer was held in
1572:. New York: L. R. Hamersly Co. 1947. p. 155.
906:"Split in Two-Man Board Balks NLRB Resignation".
895:. New York: L. R. Hamersly Co. 1947. p. 155.
35:Cammer speaking at a rally in Atlantic City, N.J.
1270:. Bureau of National Affairs. 1955. p. 1480
504:, the United Public Workers of America, and the
1367:. New York: New York University Press. p.
211:Cammer was born in June 1909 in the borough of
685:Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives
1533:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
1162:. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press. p. 324.
1087:"Judge Relieves Defense Aides In Red Trial".
953:New York Court of Appeals: Records and Briefs
578:International Fur & Leather Workers Union
494:International Fur & Leather Workers Union
480:(a local union which had been ejected by the
279:Cammer began practicing law with the firm of
8:
1481:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
1579:The New York City Teachers Union, 1916-1964
1564:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
1339:
1337:
1107:The New York City Teachers Union, 1916-1964
1109:. New York: Humanities Press. p. 248.
936:"NLRB Employees Deny Any Communist Ties".
842:
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813:"Guide to the Harold Cammer Papers TAM.18"
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184:(June 18, 1909 – October 21, 1995) was an
29:
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1626:American people of Russian-Jewish descent
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613:The National Lawyers Guild was branded a
498:Bakery, Confectionery and Tobacco Workers
396:, shown here (center) in 1913 photo with
887:
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775:Van Gelder, Lawrence (25 October 1995).
514:International Longshoremen's Association
195:. He was known for his participation in
1468:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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344:On August 20, 1948, Cammer represented
1555:. New York: New York University Press.
1120:"Jansen Questions Six More Teachers".
861:
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731:House Un-American Activities Committee
627:House Un-American Activities Committee
7:
1570:Who's Who in New York City and State
1225:"High Court Voids Contempt Charge".
893:Who's Who in New York City and State
649:Columbia University protests of 1968
502:International Woodworkers of America
462:Congress of Industrial Organizations
304:Congress of Industrial Organizations
1322:. Cornell University - Kheel Center
1004:. New York: Random House. pp.
623:United States Department of Justice
239:on a full scholarship, receiving a
1291:"From the Archives: Ralph Shapiro"
542:Supreme Court of the United States
385:before HUAC in the 1950 hearings.
14:
1421:"Margaret Cammer and Joan Snyder"
1511:. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press.
1405:. Boston: Beacon Press. p.
1348:. New York: Harper. p. 159.
683:Cammer's papers are held at the
486:United Public Workers of America
440:. Later, they were relieved by
1636:Activists from New York (state)
1606:City College of New York alumni
619:Federal Bureau of Investigation
482:American Federation of Teachers
432:, Michael Begun, Mary Kaufman,
1516:Finan, Christopher M. (2007).
1397:Finan, Christopher M. (2007).
565:Law, as well as member of the
293:National Labor Relations Board
271:(left) and NLRB Chief Counsel
175:Robert Cammer, Margaret Cammer
1:
1631:20th-century American lawyers
1621:American civil rights lawyers
1581:. New York: Humanities Press.
544:overturned his conviction in
523:Ocean Hill-Brownsville strike
474:United Federation of Teachers
1577:Zitron, Celia Lewis (1969).
1486:Chambers, Whittaker (1952).
1105:Zitron, Celia Lewis (1969).
996:Chambers, Whittaker (1952).
921:"Witt Ends Work With NLRB".
512:unions to challenge corrupt
348:members Witt, Pressman, and
225:New York City public schools
1124:. 25 April 1950. p. 3.
1091:. 9 August 1951. p. 2.
16:American lawyer (1909–1995)
1652:
1494:. New York: Random House.
341:started her career there.
1611:Harvard Law School alumni
1529:Gall, Gilbert U. (1999).
1042:Gall, Gilbert U. (1999).
28:
559:City College of New York
506:Amalgamated Meat Cutters
316:Amalgamated Meat Cutters
1524:. Boston: Beacon Press.
1289:Brower, Bonnie (2014).
1188:"Gold's Lawyer Fined".
663:Personal life and death
550:, 350 U.S. 399 (1956).
547:Cammer v. United States
476:of New York City), the
302:Clients included: the
1616:Lawyers from Manhattan
1507:Edgell, Derek (1998).
1449:. New York University.
1447:"Harold Cammer Papers"
1158:Edgell, Derek (1998).
726:National Lawyers Guild
601:National Lawyers Guild
571:National Lawyers Guild
563:University of Michigan
466:United Brewery Workers
422:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
417:
394:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
378:
276:
193:National Lawyers Guild
158:National Lawyers Guild
1547:Lobel, Jules (2003).
1473:Bell, Daniel (2000).
1464:Abt, John J. (1994).
1359:Lobel, Jules (2003).
1135:Bell, Daniel (2000).
1072:Abt, John J. (1994).
645:civil rights movement
603:, the nation's first
519:collective bargaining
472:(a forerunner to the
391:
370:
263:
1538:Heard, Alex (2010).
1344:Heard, Alex (2010).
567:American Labor Party
398:Paterson silk strike
291:, resigned from the
231:degree in 1929 from
82:Mamaroneck, New York
1542:. New York: Harper.
940:. 24 December 1940.
925:. 12 December 1940.
910:. 21 November 1940.
689:New York University
605:racially integrated
191:who co-founded the
1298:New York City News
1246:. 20 February 1982
819:. 25 November 2019
721:Whittaker Chambers
625:, and (later) the
450:Osmond K. Fraenkel
418:
366:Whittaker Chambers
277:
237:Harvard Law School
95:Harvard Law School
1061:. 29 August 1950.
860:Missing or empty
538:contempt of court
430:Victor Rabinowitz
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534:Taft-Hartley Act
426:Carol Weiss King
392:Cammer's client
269:J. Warren Madden
229:Bachelor of Arts
182:Harold I. Cammer
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74:October 21, 1995
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1192:. 16 June 1954.
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51:June 18, 1909
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595:Associations
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456:Later career
419:
414:Bill Haywood
406:Carlo Tresca
379:
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285:Lee Pressman
278:
273:Charles Fahy
241:Juris Doctor
233:City College
210:
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152:Notable work
141:Lee Pressman
131:defender of
105:City College
76:(1995-10-21)
1601:1995 deaths
1596:1909 births
981:18 November
823:25 November
786:25 November
706:Nathan Witt
670:Joan Snyder
657:Vietnam War
586:Henry Foner
500:union, the
468:union, the
464:(CIO), the
444:, gangster
339:Bella Abzug
310:, New York
289:Nathan Witt
265:Nathan Witt
247:) in 1932.
156:Co-founder
137:Nathan Witt
119:Employer(s)
1590:Categories
862:|url=
737:References
716:Alger Hiss
374:Ware Group
362:Alger Hiss
346:Ware Group
207:Background
203:leanings.
133:Ware Group
111:Occupation
47:1909-06-18
1431:4 October
408:left and
360:in which
245:cum laude
213:Manhattan
201:communist
197:labor law
90:Education
55:Manhattan
1500:52005149
1304:7 August
1014:52005149
960:29 March
853:cite web
711:John Abt
695:See also
640:pro bono
633:Pro Bono
629:(HUAC).
582:Ben Gold
530:Ben Gold
400:leaders
383:John Abt
350:John Abt
256:New Deal
243:degree (
186:American
172:Children
145:John Abt
135:members
63:New York
1490:Witness
1326:30 July
1274:30 July
1250:20 July
1145:198–199
1000:Witness
617:by the
488:), the
352:before
318:union.
123:Shapiro
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679:Legacy
621:, the
496:, the
492:, the
436:, and
314:, and
281:Boudin
251:Career
189:lawyer
164:Spouse
114:Lawyer
84:, U.S.
65:, U.S.
1294:(PDF)
416:right
1496:LCCN
1433:2020
1328:2020
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1276:2020
1252:2020
1010:LCCN
983:2012
962:2020
866:help
825:2010
788:2010
569:and
561:and
412:and
404:and
364:and
358:HUAC
354:HUAC
322:WWII
71:Died
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