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162:) had been produced by the Polish codebreakers in their successful breaking of Enigma before 1939. It was, however, useful only as long as the Germans continued with particular weaknesses in operating procedure, which they gradually tightened up, so that the Polish success rate diminished dramatically.
189:
Keen was approached to turn these ideas into a working reality. The first bombe, which was based on Turing's original design, was installed in Hut 1 at
Bletchley Park on 18 March 1940 and was named "Victory". The second bombe, named
205:
During 1940, 178 messages were broken on the two machines, nearly all successfully. Because of the danger of bombes at
Bletchley Park being lost if there were to be a bombing raid, five bombe outstations were established, at
106:. Two years later, he was appointed head of the Experimental Department, and his innovations there gained him the reputation as the leading British innovator of punched-card technology; Keen was granted more than sixty
226:. The bombe was referred to by Group Captain Winterbotham as a "Bronze Goddess" because of its colour. The devices were more prosaically described by operators as being "like great big metal bookcases".
563:
132:
museum. Each of the rotating drums simulates the action of an Enigma rotor. There are 36 Enigma-equivalents and, on the right hand end of the middle row, three
23:
493:
475:
373:
245:
182:
79:
514:
178:
and had been used to a limited extent by the Poles, e.g., the
Germans' use of "ANX" — German for "To," followed by "X" as a spacer.
306:
137:
568:
403:
172:, that cryptanalysts could predict was likely to be present at a defined point in the message. This technique is termed a
235:
141:
52:
523:
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202:. It was installed on 8 August 1940; "Victory" was later returned to Letchworth to have a diagonal board fitted.
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designed the
British bombe on a more general principle, the assumption of the presence of text, called a
47:. He was known as "Doc" Keen because of his habit of carrying tools and paperwork in a case resembling a
558:
553:
241:
153:
194:", later shortened to "Agnes", or "Aggie", was equipped with an important additional feature, the
502:
253:— the research director of the project to design and manufacture the US Navy version of the Bombe
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510:
489:
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381:
98:. In 1919 he returned to BTM and married an Eva Burningham. In 1921, Keen moved with BTM to
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129:
44:
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547:
463:
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83:
71:
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36:
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who produced the engineering design, and oversaw the construction of, the
British
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163:
186:
99:
63:
316:
529:
244:— detailing the intelligence gained from cryptanalysis of the Enigma and
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led the 'Phoenix' team that built this. It was officially switched on by
28:
446:
207:
107:
95:
91:
67:
468:
British
Intelligence in the Second World War: Volume 3, Part 2: v. 3
123:
119:
32:
488:(2 ed.), Kidderminster, England: M. & M. Baldwin,
525:
CANTAB: BTM - British
Tabulating Machine Company Ltd.
336:
82:(BTM), established to import and assemble American
441:Mary Stewart, 'Bombe' Operator, interviewed in "
486:Harold 'Doc' Keen and the Bletchley Park BOMBE
8:
445:", UKTV History Channel documentary series "
429:
564:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
238:— detailing the part played by Harold Keen
90:and was assigned to the ground staff of a
470:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
466:; Ransom, C.F.G.; Knight, R.C.C. (1988),
110:. In the 1930s he became Chief Engineer.
263:
43:to read German messages sent using the
312:The British Bombe: The Rebuild Project
86:technology. In 1916, Keen joined the
7:
293:
281:
270:
70:in 1894. By age 18 he had moved to
51:. After the war he was awarded the
405:Enigma and the Eastcote connection
246:cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
183:British Tabulating Machine Company
80:British Tabulating Machine Company
14:
337:Hinsley, Ransom & Knight 1988
62:Keen was born in the borough of
350:"Outstations - A Brief History"
1:
128:The working rebuilt bombe at
114:World War II – British bombes
374:"Outstations from the Park"
236:Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
585:
443:The Men Who Cracked Enigma
198:that had been designed by
117:
58:Career before World War II
27:(1894–1973) was a British
181:As chief engineer at the
146:British Computer Society
78:. In 1912 he joined the
447:Heroes of World War II
175:known plaintext attack
149:
76:Electrical Engineering
20:Harold Hall "Doc" Keen
569:Bletchley Park people
378:Bletchley Park Jewels
354:Bletchley Park Jewels
152:A machine called the
127:
94:squadron in northern
484:Keen, John (2012) ,
402:Toms, Susan (2005),
242:Ultra (cryptography)
160:bomba kryptologiczna
509:, Orion Books Ltd,
384:on 13 December 2009
74:and began studying
532:on 1 December 2010
503:Winterbotham, F.W.
412:on 4 December 2008
150:
88:Royal Flying Corps
495:978-0-947712-48-8
477:978-0-521-35196-6
430:Winterbotham 2001
576:
540:
539:
537:
528:, archived from
519:
507:The ULTRA Secret
498:
480:
450:
439:
433:
427:
421:
420:
419:
417:
408:, archived from
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393:
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391:
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380:, archived from
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364:
363:
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346:
340:
334:
328:
327:
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315:, archived from
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297:
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285:
279:
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155:cryptologic bomb
148:on 17 July 2008.
144:, patron of the
142:the Duke of Kent
39:machine used in
26:
16:British engineer
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305:
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296:, pp. 9–14
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200:Gordon Welchman
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17:
12:
11:
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319:on 16 May 2016
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239:
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196:diagonal board
130:Bletchley Park
118:Main article:
115:
112:
59:
56:
45:Enigma machine
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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570:
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516:0-7528-3751-6
512:
508:
504:
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487:
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479:
473:
469:
465:
464:Hinsley, F.H.
461:
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411:
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355:
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339:, p. 954
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104:Hertfordshire
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42:
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34:
30:
25:
21:
534:, retrieved
530:the original
524:
506:
485:
467:
437:
432:, p. 15
425:
414:, retrieved
410:the original
404:
397:
386:, retrieved
382:the original
377:
368:
357:, retrieved
353:
344:
332:
321:, retrieved
317:the original
311:
307:Harper, John
301:
289:
284:, p. 64
277:
266:
251:Joseph Desch
204:
195:
191:
180:
173:
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154:
151:
133:
84:punched card
72:Kentish Town
61:
49:doctor's bag
41:World War II
37:codebreaking
19:
18:
559:1973 deaths
554:1894 births
164:Alan Turing
138:John Harper
548:Categories
536:23 January
457:References
187:Letchworth
100:Letchworth
64:Shoreditch
505:(2001) ,
294:Keen 2012
282:Keen 2012
271:Keen 2012
192:Agnus dei
158:(Polish:
134:indicator
416:16 April
388:16 April
309:(2008),
230:See also
224:Eastcote
220:Stanmore
216:Wavendon
212:Gayhurst
66:in east
29:engineer
449:", 2003
323:11 July
208:Adstock
136:drums.
108:patents
513:
492:
474:
222:, and
96:France
92:bomber
68:London
53:O.B.E.
359:1 May
258:Notes
120:Bombe
33:bombe
538:2010
511:ISBN
490:ISBN
472:ISBN
418:2010
390:2010
361:2010
325:2011
169:crib
35:, a
185:at
102:in
24:OBE
550::
376:,
352:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
190:"
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