31:
109:"The specific modification introduced by Mr. A.I. Clark, Attorney-General for Tasmania, is the provision devised by him for eliminating the element of chance in the selection and distribution of quota-excesses or surplus transfer votes." The provision described as "Clark's own" was the weighting-method (later also adopted in Ireland and Malta), to transfer all votes to 'next order of preference' (the next usable marked preference), rather than a random sample.
765:
779:
744:
When there are still vacancies, but all the remaining candidates are equal to or less than the quota, the candidate with the lowest current vote is excluded. The preferences of the excluded candidate is then distributed (based on next usable marked preference), at full value, and new candidate totals
724:
Any candidate exceeding quota through these transfers is declared elect and those surplus votes transferred as well. However this time only the transfer that gave the candidate quota is used as basis for the transfer value, such as 199/300 where the surplus votes number 199 and the last transfer is
185:
After a candidate reaches a quota and is elected, all of their ballot papers are redistributed to elect additional candidates based on the voters' next preferences indicated on each ballot paper. The redistributed votes have a reduced transfer value, which is determined by the relationship of the
333:
496:
197:, group voting tickets were used for Senate elections. This allowed parties to determine the order in which preferences would be distributed to other candidates. This option for voters to have their preferences determined by group voting tickets is still in use in
610:
189:
In cases where no candidates are initially elected, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and their preferences are distributed at full value. Ballot papers with non-transferable votes are set aside during this process.
170:, where the order candidates appeared on ballot papers is randomised, was introduced in 1980. This has the effect of reducing any advantage a candidate has by appearing at the top of a party list, so as to eliminate any influence of
687:
Candidate WOMBAT has 170 added to their total. To put it another way - the proportion of PLATYPUS voters who second preferenced WOMBAT multiplied by PLATYPUS' surplus votes equals the number of votes that are added to WOMBAT's old
273:
444:
132:
on 14 November 1907, just as the adoption of permanent proportional representation struggled through
Parliament and over a year before it was used for the first time throughout Tasmania at the
128:(to elect 4 MPs). This first 'Hare-Clark system', as it was immediately known, was renewed annually until suspended in 1902. Clark, never in robust health, died at his home 'Rosebank' in
681:
571:
422:
The number of votes in excess of the quota is a surplus of votes. The number of surplus votes is used to determine the transfer value of distributed preferences from the candidate.
1729:
1114:
39:
383:
Candidates who have more than the required quota of votes are declared elected. If there are still vacancies remaining, any surplus votes are distributed as outlined in
155:
1025:
1564:
753:
The count is complete if the number of candidates remaining is the same as remaining vacancies, at which time the remaining candidates are declared elected.
1332:
193:
The process of conducting the vote count in Hare-Clark and
Australian Senate style systems is largely similar, with only minor differences. Prior to the
201:. In contrast, under Hare-Clark, preferences are always explicitly determined by individual voters, and there is no "above the line" voting option.
1460:
1312:
1559:
1337:
1322:
1107:
969:
554:
The preferences from the elected candidate is tallied using all of their ballot papers, and is distributed at the rate of the transfer value.
166:
Features of Hare-Clark have evolved over time. Until 1942, candidates were listed in alphabetic order rather than grouped together by party.
1686:
1369:
328:{\displaystyle {\mbox{quota to be elected}}=\left({{\rm {\mbox{total valid votes}}} \over {\rm {\mbox{number of vacancies}}}+1}\right)}
947:
834:
1100:
95:
76:
1704:
1554:
1500:
194:
1681:
1480:
491:{\displaystyle {\mbox{transfer value}}=\left({{\rm {\mbox{surplus votes}}} \over {\rm {\mbox{last votes received}}}}\right)}
260:
The total count of valid votes is used to calculate the quota of votes required for a candidate to be declared elected (the
1724:
144:
133:
1523:
1508:
1327:
61:
222:
Any invalid votes are excluded (e.g. no boxes marked) and then the first preferences from each ballot paper is tallied.
1574:
1297:
1287:
1148:
140:
113:
53:
1015:
1734:
1539:
1230:
80:
186:
number of surplus votes received by the previously elected candidate compared to the total votes he or she holds.
1589:
1544:
1490:
1402:
605:{\displaystyle {\mbox{value of distributed preferences}}={\mbox{transfer value}}*{\mbox{number of preferences}}}
1579:
1465:
1423:
1342:
1267:
1203:
1161:
99:
49:
1198:
728:
when all surpluses have been transferred and if there are still vacant seats remaining, the count proceeds to
644:
1604:
1594:
1569:
1385:
1262:
129:
30:
1645:
1584:
1447:
1390:
117:
35:
1549:
1470:
1235:
148:
1619:
1188:
1020:
125:
1599:
1193:
977:
103:
84:
1059:
1640:
1250:
1208:
861:
1609:
1518:
1475:
1395:
1317:
1240:
1225:
1183:
406:
Candidate PLATYPUS receives 3,000 first preference votes, and is more than the quota of 2,501.
69:
1650:
1282:
1138:
1123:
784:
517:
Candidate PLATYPUS has 3,000 first preference votes, which is a 499 surplus above the quota.
205:
198:
177:
As well, district magnitude (the number of seats used in districts) has changed since 1896.
151:, the same system as is used to elect members of the Australian House of Representatives.)
136:. District magnitude was set at five in each district - each district elected five members.
1698:
1614:
1455:
1433:
1245:
1166:
1156:
1134:
830:
770:
167:
637:
as second preference. WOMBAT receives these votes but at the value of the transfer rate.
1513:
1218:
1178:
139:
Hare-Clark has been used continuously for
Tasmanian state elections since 1909 for the
64:. The method for the distribution of preferences is similar to other voting systems in
764:
1718:
1257:
890:
112:
In 1896, after several failed attempts, Clark was successful in getting a system of
1272:
1213:
941:
1655:
1418:
1357:
1277:
1173:
633:
Of the 3,000 first preference votes for
Candidate PLATYPUS, 1,000 had Candidate
261:
171:
106:(1848–1907) introduced the system to Tasmania with a modified counting method.
1428:
1364:
813:
Observations on the working results of the Hare System of
Election in Tasmania
792:
760:
208:
outside polling places on election day is prohibited in Hare-Clark elections.
1665:
1660:
65:
17:
1485:
57:
1347:
1635:
634:
121:
1092:
1077:
120:, but it was accepted only on a trial basis in the two main cities,
1087:
914:
241:
Of the total 10,500 votes cast by the electorate, 500 are invalid.
29:
1096:
1082:
1064:
735:
The count is complete if there are no remaining vacancies.
391:
The count is complete if there are no remaining vacancies.
98:(1806–91) is generally credited with the conception of the
353:
There are 10,000 valid votes and 3 vacancies to be filled.
1016:"Electoral laws passed after marathon Parliament sitting"
75:
The name is derived from the names of
English barrister
915:"The Hare-Clark System of Proportional Representation"
649:
596:
586:
576:
475:
466:
449:
305:
295:
278:
87:, who introduced a modified form to Tasmania in 1896.
1065:
Hare-Clark
Explained – Tasmanian Electoral Commission
1060:
Election 2014: Tasmania's Hare-Clark
Electoral System
976:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
647:
574:
447:
276:
1674:
1628:
1532:
1499:
1446:
1411:
1378:
1305:
1296:
1147:
921:. Proportional Representation Society of Australia
739:5. Remaining candidates have not reached the quota
675:
604:
490:
327:
40:2016 Australian Capital Territory general election
885:
883:
156:Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly
154:The Hare-Clark System has been used to elect the
712:The new candidate totals are counted (return to
34:A Hare-Clark ballot paper for the electorate of
1108:
8:
1730:Politics of the Australian Capital Territory
1565:Independence of Smith-dominated alternatives
855:
853:
851:
1302:
1115:
1101:
1093:
825:
823:
648:
646:
595:
585:
575:
573:
530:The transfer value from PLATYPUS is 0.17.
474:
473:
465:
464:
462:
448:
446:
304:
303:
294:
293:
291:
277:
275:
27:Proportional-representation voting system
891:"Legislative Council 2013 Annual Review"
620:
504:
393:
340:
228:
226:They are allocated to marked candidate.
1560:Independence of irrelevant alternatives
1338:Sequential proportional approval voting
970:"Review of Robson Rotation in Tasmania"
803:
676:{\displaystyle {\mbox{170}}=0.17*1,000}
408:Candidate PLATYPUS is declared elected.
243:There are 10,000 valid votes remaining.
369:The quota to be elected is 2501 votes.
1037:
1035:
1028:from the original on 16 October 2016.
868:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
251:Each candidate's total is announced.
7:
430:4a. The transfer value is determined
1370:Indirect single transferable voting
940:"Andrew Inglis Clark (1848–1907)".
83:, and Attorney-General of Tasmania
948:Australian Dictionary of Biography
831:"Founders of our Electoral System"
25:
1014:Borrello, Eliza (18 March 2016).
943:Clark, Andrew Inglis (1848 -1907)
860:Green, Antony (2 February 2006).
837:from the original on 15 May 2009
833:. Parliament of Tasmania. 2005.
777:
763:
578:value of distributed preferences
417:4. Candidates with surplus votes
195:2016 Australian federal election
542:4b. Distribution of preferences
378:3. Declaring candidates elected
1481:Mixed ballot transferable vote
1083:Tasmanian Electoral Commission
134:general election in April 1909
1:
968:Green, Antony (3 July 2008).
1682:Comparison of voting systems
1524:Satisfaction approval voting
1509:Single non-transferable vote
1328:Proportional approval voting
522:Transfer value(x)=(499/3000)
212:Counting method with example
62:Australian Capital Territory
1288:Graduated majority judgment
1044:Australian Electoral System
700:4c. Counting the new totals
114:proportional representation
79:, the original inventor of
54:proportional representation
1751:
1540:Condorcet winner criterion
1231:First-past-the-post voting
81:single transferable voting
1695:
1687:Voting systems by country
1590:Mutual majority criterion
1545:Condorcet loser criterion
1491:Vote linkage mixed system
1403:Largest remainders method
1130:
1580:Majority loser criterion
1466:Additional member system
1424:Hagenbach-Bischoff quota
1343:Single transferable vote
1268:Positional voting system
1204:Minimax Condorcet method
1162:Combined approval voting
1088:ACT Electoral Commission
1042:Farrell and McAllister.
811:Johnston, R. M. (1897).
255:2. Determining the quota
100:single transferable vote
50:single transferable vote
1605:Resolvability criterion
1595:Participation criterion
1570:Later-no-harm criterion
1386:Highest averages method
745:are counted (return to
358:quota to be elected(x)=
1646:First-preference votes
1585:Monotonicity criterion
1555:Independence of clones
1258:Simple majoritarianism
1078:Parliament of Tasmania
1001:Hare-Clark in Tasmania
862:"Hare-Clark Explained"
677:
606:
492:
329:
56:used for elections in
42:
1550:Consistency criterion
1471:Alternative vote plus
1236:Instant-runoff voting
678:
607:
598:number of preferences
493:
330:
149:Instant-runoff voting
124:(to elect 6 MPs) and
33:
1725:Politics of Tasmania
1620:Seats-to-votes ratio
1391:Webster/Sainte-Laguë
645:
572:
445:
274:
204:The distribution of
118:Tasmanian Parliament
52:electoral system of
1600:Plurality criterion
1199:Kemeny–Young method
1003:. pp. 298–299.
477:last votes received
307:number of vacancies
280:quota to be elected
145:Legislative Council
104:Andrew Inglis Clark
85:Andrew Inglis Clark
1641:Election threshold
1575:Majority criterion
1251:Supplementary vote
673:
653:
602:
600:
590:
580:
488:
479:
470:
453:
325:
309:
299:
282:
68:, such as for the
43:
1735:Electoral systems
1712:
1711:
1610:Reversal symmetry
1519:Cumulative voting
1501:Semi-proportional
1476:Mixed single vote
1442:
1441:
1318:Mixed single vote
1226:Exhaustive ballot
1189:Copeland's method
1184:Condorcet methods
1124:Electoral systems
1046:. pp. 60–61.
694:
693:
652:
599:
589:
579:
536:
535:
482:
478:
469:
452:
414:
413:
375:
374:
319:
308:
298:
297:total valid votes
281:
249:
248:
206:how-to-vote cards
141:House of Assembly
70:Australian Senate
16:(Redirected from
1742:
1651:Liquid democracy
1303:
1283:Two-round system
1194:Dodgson's method
1117:
1110:
1103:
1094:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1011:
1005:
1004:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
911:
905:
904:
902:
900:
895:
887:
878:
877:
875:
873:
857:
846:
845:
843:
842:
827:
818:
816:
808:
787:
785:Australia portal
782:
781:
780:
773:
768:
767:
682:
680:
679:
674:
654:
650:
621:
611:
609:
608:
603:
601:
597:
591:
587:
581:
577:
505:
497:
495:
494:
489:
487:
483:
481:
480:
476:
472:
471:
467:
463:
454:
450:
394:
341:
334:
332:
331:
326:
324:
320:
318:
311:
310:
306:
301:
300:
296:
292:
283:
279:
229:
217:1. Initial count
21:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1691:
1670:
1624:
1615:Smith criterion
1528:
1495:
1456:Parallel voting
1438:
1434:Imperiali quota
1407:
1374:
1292:
1246:Contingent vote
1209:Nanson's method
1167:Unified primary
1157:Approval voting
1143:
1126:
1121:
1074:
1056:
1054:Further reading
1051:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1013:
1012:
1008:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
980:on 18 July 2008
967:
966:
962:
953:
951:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
913:
912:
908:
898:
896:
893:
889:
888:
881:
871:
869:
859:
858:
849:
840:
838:
829:
828:
821:
810:
809:
805:
801:
783:
778:
776:
771:Politics portal
769:
762:
759:
643:
642:
570:
569:
458:
443:
442:
407:
361:
302:
287:
272:
271:
242:
214:
183:
168:Robson Rotation
164:
116:adopted by the
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:Limited voting
1511:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:Coombs' method
1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1219:Schulze method
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1179:Bucklin voting
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1153:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1072:External links
1070:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1031:
1006:
991:
960:
932:
906:
879:
847:
819:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
789:
788:
774:
758:
755:
751:
750:
722:
721:
720:
719:
718:
717:
705:
704:
703:
702:
692:
691:
684:
683:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
619:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
613:
612:
594:
588:transfer value
584:
560:
559:
558:
557:
556:
555:
547:
546:
545:
544:
534:
533:
527:
526:
523:
503:
502:
501:
500:
499:
498:
486:
461:
457:
451:transfer value
435:
434:
433:
432:
424:
423:
412:
411:
389:
388:
373:
372:
366:
365:
362:
359:
339:
338:
337:
336:
323:
317:
314:
290:
286:
266:
265:
247:
246:
224:
223:
213:
210:
182:
179:
163:
160:
147:is elected by
143:. (Tasmania's
92:
89:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1149:Single-winner
1146:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1024:. Australia.
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1002:
995:
992:
979:
975:
971:
964:
961:
949:
945:
944:
936:
933:
920:
916:
910:
907:
892:
886:
884:
880:
867:
863:
856:
854:
852:
848:
836:
832:
826:
824:
820:
814:
807:
804:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
775:
772:
766:
761:
756:
754:
748:
743:
742:
741:
740:
736:
733:
731:
726:
715:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
706:
701:
698:
697:
696:
695:
690:
689:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
641:
640:
639:
638:
636:
630:
629:
628:
623:
622:
592:
582:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
553:
552:
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
540:
539:
538:
537:
532:
531:
524:
521:
520:
519:
518:
514:
513:
512:
507:
506:
484:
468:surplus votes
459:
455:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
428:
427:
426:
425:
421:
420:
419:
418:
410:
409:
403:
402:
401:
396:
395:
392:
386:
382:
381:
380:
379:
371:
370:
363:
360:10000/(3+1)+1
357:
356:
355:
354:
350:
349:
348:
343:
342:
321:
315:
312:
288:
284:
270:
269:
268:
267:
263:
259:
258:
257:
256:
252:
245:
244:
238:
237:
236:
231:
230:
227:
221:
220:
219:
218:
211:
209:
207:
202:
200:
196:
191:
187:
180:
178:
175:
173:
169:
161:
159:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
130:Battery Point
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
107:
105:
101:
97:
90:
88:
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:is a type of
47:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1703:
1697:
1352:
1313:Mixed-member
1298:Proportional
1273:Score voting
1214:Ranked pairs
1133:Part of the
1132:
1043:
1019:
1009:
1000:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
973:
963:
952:. Retrieved
942:
935:
923:. Retrieved
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
870:. Retrieved
865:
839:. Retrieved
812:
806:
752:
746:
738:
737:
734:
729:
727:
723:
713:
699:
686:
685:
632:
631:
626:
625:
624:
541:
529:
528:
516:
515:
510:
509:
508:
429:
416:
415:
405:
404:
399:
398:
397:
390:
384:
377:
376:
368:
367:
352:
351:
346:
345:
344:
254:
253:
250:
240:
239:
234:
233:
232:
225:
216:
215:
203:
192:
188:
184:
176:
172:donkey votes
165:
158:since 1992.
153:
138:
111:
108:
94:
74:
45:
44:
1656:Spoilt vote
1419:Droop quota
1358:Schulze STV
1333:Rural–urban
1278:STAR voting
1174:Borda count
919:prsa.org.au
262:Droop quota
96:Thomas Hare
77:Thomas Hare
36:Brindabella
1719:Categories
1675:Comparison
1429:Hare quota
1379:Allocation
1365:Spare vote
1353:Hare-Clark
1323:Party-list
974:abc.net.au
954:2009-04-07
866:abc.net.au
841:2009-04-12
799:References
793:Hare quota
126:Launceston
46:Hare-Clark
18:Hare-Clark
1666:Unseating
1661:Sortition
1263:Plurality
1139:Economics
662:∗
593:∗
364:x = 2501
162:Evolution
66:Australia
1533:Criteria
1486:Scorporo
1135:politics
1026:Archived
1021:ABC News
999:Newman.
835:Archived
757:See also
627:Example:
525:(x)=0.17
511:Example:
400:Example:
347:Example:
235:Example:
199:Victoria
181:Counting
102:, while
60:and the
58:Tasmania
1705:Project
1396:D'Hondt
1348:CPO-STV
1306:Systems
1067:(video)
984:26 July
925:23 July
899:23 July
872:23 July
91:History
38:in the
1699:Portal
1636:Ballot
1412:Quotas
1141:series
950:. 1969
817:(p.13)
688:votes.
635:WOMBAT
387:below.
122:Hobart
1629:Other
1448:Mixed
894:(PDF)
725:300.
1137:and
986:2017
927:2017
901:2017
874:2017
659:0.17
1461:MMP
732:.
671:000
651:170
1721::
1702:—
1034:^
1018:.
972:.
946:.
917:.
882:^
864:.
850:^
822:^
749:).
716:).
335:+1
264:).
174:.
72:.
1116:e
1109:t
1102:v
988:.
957:.
929:.
903:.
876:.
844:.
815:.
747:3
730:5
714:3
668:,
665:1
656:=
583:=
485:)
460:(
456:=
385:4
322:)
316:1
313:+
289:(
285:=
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
