Harz - Knowledge (XXG)

3481: 824: 800: 812: 2343: 149: 4101: 2689: 1907:). The peregrine, which is threatened with extinction here, needs steep rock outcrops with little vegetation. After its population had died out in the Harz, a breeding pair was re-established in the region. A crucial contribution has been made by extensive efforts to promote quiet areas in the ancestral breeding grounds of this shy species. Since 1980, a breeding pair has settled in the eastern Harz as the result of a wildlife reintroduction project. The ring ouzel prefers semi-open stone runs and lightly wooded transition zones between treeless 210: 4580: 3497: 757: 5573: 1439: 1111: 5674: 1745:). This shy and susceptible resident of richly diverse deciduous and mixed forest has become very rare in central Europe due to increasing disturbance of its habitat (caused by a lack of old trees and natural brooks). Through improvements to its habitat, including the renaturalisation of waterways and the creation of relatively undisturbed peaceful areas, the black stork population has now recovered. A typical mammal of such deciduous woods is the 2378:. Until the issue of this conservation order, there had only been an order for the protection of the forest, which had been issued by the ruling princes for real, practical considerations. But for the first time the 1668 cave order took ethical-aesthetic considerations into account. The year 1668 was the birth of classic nature conservation in the Harz. The order had been precipitated by the earlier, serious destruction of the cave's features by 4439: 845: 3489: 2543:, the Harz area became an important production site for the armaments industry. Many factories, important to the war effort, were located there and, as the war neared its conclusion, they were increasingly staffed with slave labour. As a result, the Harz was the location of several hundred forced labour camps and KZs at that time. KZ Dora near Nordhausen in the South Harz became particularly infamous. This camp, 5348: 456: 4568: 1584: 43: 4592: 4247: 3082: 2453:, near Thale under protection, because the inhabitants of neighbouring districts were using the rocks as a quarry. This protection order survived in spite of all protests from the local villages. Thus, a valuable natural monument was saved from destruction, and it is of note that the authorities felt that the 'romantic' reasons for its preservation were entirely justified. 2215: 4427: 3362: 2985: 599: 4278:. Both the B 4 and the B 6n have been upgraded almost to motorway standard. The B 4 crosses the Harz from Bad Harzburg on a north–south axis running through Torfhaus and Braunlage as far as Ilfeld on the edge of the South Harz. The rest of the Harz is also well served by federal roads. Important ones include the Harz high road ( 3803: 610: 448: 3090: 1042: 1753:), that has established a stable population in the Harz. It prefers the diverse wooded areas, which offer a rich variety of food. The animal kingdom of the mixed beech and spruce woods is also diverse. Species that thrive in mixed forest are especially at home. For example, the mixed mountain forest is the natural habitat of the 1845:, the pygmy owl had long since disappeared from the Harz, but returned in the 1980s of its own volition, as its ancestral homeland once again became more natural, so that there was sufficient food to support it (insects, small mammals and small birds) as well as standing dead wood (spruce trees with woodpecker holes). 3059:, for example, is well known in this regard. It was founded in 1996 on the initiative of the Harz National Park, Harz winter sport parishes, the cable car and lift operators, hotels and transport companies, and has the aim of promoting ski tourism in the Harz and looking after the interests of nature conservation. 2374:, that the cave should be permanently preserved by all those responsible as a special, natural wonder. It also stated that nothing should be spoiled or destroyed, and that groups of ordinary strangers should not be allowed to enter without prior arrangement. A resident mine worker was entrusted to oversee the 3184:, despite their sometimes heavy use by lorries, because in the whole of North Germany there is no other region with such long, and in places very steep, descents and ascents. In addition, there are a large number of railway connections on the edge of the Harz which allow bicycles to be taken on trains. 2675:

ran through the western third of the Harz. The Brocken plateau and other peaks near the border were part of a large military out-of-bounds area, which demonstrating walkers first entered on 3 December 1989. Tourism on the Brocken has since then become very intense – about 1.3 million people visit the

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range, that rises abruptly from the surrounding lowlands in the west and northeast and gradually dips towards the south. It is dissected by numerous deep valleys. North of the hills lie the Cretaceous layers of the sub-Hercynian depression in the rolling hills of the Harz Foreland; south of the Harz,

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visited the Harz several times and had a number of important lifetime experiences. These included his walks on the Brocken and his visit to the mines in Rammelsberg. Later, his observations of the rocks on the Brocken led to his geological research. His first visit to the Harz awakened in him a keen

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In America it has long become the business of the people, to create a sacrosanct haven for the native flora and fauna of the regions in national parks. North and South Germany have their heath and alpine parks. May the joint efforts of the royal authorities, the local police, the Wernigerode Nature

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of the forests and, from about 1700, to their outright destruction. There were no less than 30,000 charcoal piles in the Harz. In 1707, an order by Count Ernst of Stolberg forbade Brocken guides to take strangers or local folk to the Brocken without special permission, and the lighting of fires was

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The waterways, with their distinct mountain stream character, play an important role right across the Harz. In comparison with the other natural regions of Lower Saxony, they are still very natural and varied, and the water is very clean. As a result of the high water velocity of the Harz streams,

2486:(Verlag E. Appelhans u. Co., Braunschweig 1912), a brochure that has remained relatively unknown. The Harz played a special role in the life of the famous regional poet, naturalist and local patriot, undoubtedly not least because his second wife, Lisa Hausmann, came from Barbis in the South Harz. 1025:

As a result of the northern fault zone and the vertical or, sometimes even overfolded, geological strata, the geology of the Harz sometimes changes frequently within a relatively small area of just a few square kilometres. As a consequence of this it is also referred to as the "Classic Geological

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The Upper Harz dialect was used only in a few places. The best known are Altenau, Sankt Andreasberg, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Lautenthal and Hahnenklee. Today the dialect is heard only rarely in the Upper Harz in everyday life and it is mainly members of the older generations who still use it, so

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occur in the areas of weather-resistant rock in the high (alti-)montane and montane zones – these are extreme habitats for vegetation. Due to the lack of soil material, only weak, straggly, very open spruce woods thrive here. They have an especially high variety of trees and allow more room of

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Climatically a hill range has lower temperatures and higher levels of precipitation than the surrounding land. The Harz is characterised by regular precipitation throughout the year. Exposed to westerly winds from the Atlantic, heavy with rain, the windward side of the mountains has up to

2009:), which is found everywhere on Harz streams, occurs almost exclusively in the highlands. Its habitat is very fast-flowing, clear mountain streams with wooded banks. It can dive and run under water along the stream bed. It turns stones over in its search for food. The 1692:

A multitude of wild animals live in the beech forests of the Harz Mountains. Over 5,000 species, most of them insects, have their home in these woods. They include many species that help to decompose leaves and work them into the soil and ground cover, including

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The last mine in the Upper Harz – the Wolkenhügel Pit in Bad Lauterberg – closed its operations in June 2007 for economic reasons. Having formerly had 1,000 workers, the mine employed just 14 people towards the end, using the most modern technology to extract

2433:, and destroyed about 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of spruce forest and lasted about for 20 years. The woods were largely reforested with spruce. Continuous problems with bark beetle and storms were the negative side effects of mining in the Harz Mountains. 1841:) which is threatened with extinction and which lives in the submontane to subalpine zones within mixed and pine forests interspersed with open areas. They prefer spruce woods for breeding, but feed in more open stands of trees or on open moorland. Like the 1332:). Bog-spruce woods are found around the raised bogs on marshy and boggy soils. In these sorts of places spruce woods can, in exceptional cases, also form the natural woodland in lower down the mountains. These wet, moorland woods have a high proportion of 2653:. According to Sheeran, his unit was climbing the Harz when they came upon a mule train carrying supplies to German positions on the hillside. The Americans handed shovels to their prisoners, forced them to dig their own graves, then shot and buried them. 1915:. The Harz is home to one of its few, isolated breeding areas in central Europe. Its main distribution area extends across northwest Europe, including large parts of England and Scotland, as well as the high mountains of southern and eastern Europe. 519:

in the south. The districts of the Upper Harz are Goslar and Göttingen (both in Lower Saxony), whilst the Lower Harz is on the territory of Harz and Mansfeld-Südharz districts (both in Saxony-Anhalt). The Upper Harz is generally higher and features

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Conservation Society and individual friends of the Brocken also succeed now in central Germany, through caring nurture across the board, in establishing and preserving the Brocken too, as a small, but unique, nature reserve for the German people.

2305:), probably published around 1220/30 at Falkenstein Castle in the Selke valley, later made the imperial restriction clear: "Whoever rides through the Harz Forest, must unstring his bow and crossbow and keep dogs on a line – only crowned royalty ( 2413:). In 1777, Goethe climbed the Brocken, departing from Torfhaus. At that time, there was still no mass tourism on the Brocken; in the year 1779 only 421 walkers were recorded. Goethe described his feelings on the summit later, as follows: 756: 3055:) in the Harz. Their quality and features are ensured by the land owners, particularly in the Harz National Park, where snow is still relatively guaranteed during the winter months, and also by individual communities and societies. The 1848:

In addition to the many species of birds, there is a range of large butterflies in the various spruce woods that, outside of the Harz, are seriously endangered or simply non-existent. Two species will be mentioned here as examples.

1681: 2028:, and it has since fitted well into the ecology of the region. Through specific conservation measures in past years, the retreat of the bat population in the Harz has been halted. Amongst the mammals that may be hunted are the 632:

The 17 dams in the Harz block a total of twelve rivers. Because the Harz is one of the regions of Germany that experiences the most rainfall, its water power was used from early times. Today the dams are primarily used to

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competitions take place on the Oker below the Oker Dam. The white water on this stretch of river is partly a result of the raised levels of discharge from the Oker Reservoir and so is largely independent of the weather.

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This ban did not last forever. Mining, ironworks, water management, increasing settlement, woodland clearances, cattle driving, agriculture, and later tourism all undermined this imperial protection over the centuries.

2099:. The wealth of the region declined after these mines became exhausted in the early 19th century. People abandoned the towns for a short time, but prosperity eventually returned with tourism. Between 1945 and 1990, the 1919:

flowers rarely gain a foothold in the water. Even the animals in these streams need to be well suited to high velocities. Only a few species, such as fish, swim actively against the stream. The most common species are

1291:) spruce trees. Wood-reed spruce woods dominate. A well developed ground vegetation thrives on their moderately rocky and fresh, but certainly not wet, soils, characterised in appearance especially by grasses such as 2972:, as well as the historic towns on the edge of the Harz. Concepts like the Western town, Pullman City Harz, or the rock operas on the Brocken are intended to also be particularly attractive to foreign tourists. The 2787:

schist was mined until 1990. The early beginnings of this industry were first mentioned in 1199, and it was considered in its heyday, at the end of the 15th century, as the most important in Europe. In addition, at

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Brandt, Charles (2004). "I Heard You Paint Houses": Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran and the Inside Story of the Mafia, the Teamsters, and the Last Ride of Jimmy Hoffa. Hanover, New Hampshire: Steerforth Press. Page

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holes in old beeches, and needs, unlike the spruce woods, more open beech forest with its higher population of small mammals in its search for food. For cover, however, it prefers the darker, denser spruce trees.

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1,600 mm of rain annually (West Harz, Upper Harz, High Harz); in contrast, the leeward side only receives an average of 600 mm of precipitation per annum (East Harz, Lower Harz, Eastern Harz foothills).

579:. In the far east, the mountains merge into the East Harz foothills (Harz district, Saxony-Anhalt), which are dominated by the Selke Valley. Part of the south Harz lies in the Thuringian district of Nordhausen. 2879:– used today primarily for the manufacture of paint and in sound insulation – was extracted until July 2007 at the Wolkenhügel Pit, the last mine in the entire Harz. Furthermore, limestone is still mined at 2393:

forbidden. The first attempts at forest conservation in the Harz were centred on the Brocken, and began with a far-sighted nature conservation act over 275 years ago. In 1718, Count Christian Ernest of the

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At the start of the 19th century, the increasing changes to the natural landscape wrought by man and the extinction of large mammals like the bear, wolf and lynx raised awareness of the threat to nature.

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A large number of the animals that live in natural spruce forest are suited to the special conditions of life in the higher parts of the Harz. Typical residents amongst the bird population include the

2937:. A cause of this development was the mining history in the Harz region, with its high demand for wood and the consequent overuse and devastation of the stands of forest. In addition, there were the 2760:

lead ore for centuries. Mining heavily dominated the economic life of the Harz as well as its scenery. Miners created the famous engineering system for the management of water in the Upper Harz, the

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As early as 1224, monks who had settled in Walkenried bought extensive tracts of forest in the western Harz, to secure economically the one quarter of the Rammelsberg ore profits promised to them by

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with relatively easily managed and undemanding spruce trees since the middle of the 18th century was mainly due to the proposals of the Senior Forester and Master Hunter, Johann Georg von Langen.

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technology in Germany during the Second World War and, subsequently, in the United States, reportedly ordered blueprints of his work to be hidden in an abandoned mine shaft in the Harz range.

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Around 1800, large swathes of the Harz were deforested. The less resistant spruce monoculture, that arose as a consequence of the mining industry in the Upper Harz, was largely destroyed by a

1243:) and common beech would predominantly be found under natural conditions. However, apart from a few remnants, these were supplanted a long time ago by spruce stands as a result of deliberate 4520: 998:

period, the younger overlying strata were eroded and the underlying base rock left standing as low mountains. The most important uplift movements were during the sub-Hercynian phase (83

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in 1890. This was the first Alpine flower garden to be established on German soil. And, in terms of its scientific concept and scope, the Brocken Garden was the first of its type worldwide.

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The count's guest house on the Heinrichshöhe had become too small and suffered from overcrowding; in 1799 it burned down. In 1800, a new guest house was built on the Brocken to replace it.

1935:). Much richer in variety, by contrast, is the range of species in the system of crevices under the streambed. In addition to the insects and fish hatchlings that thrive here, may be found 369: 4203: 2482:) in light of the mass tourism that was beginning to affect the Brocken. By 1912, he effectively pressed for the establishment of a Harz national park, without calling it such, in 1307:). The soils in the higher regions are, as in most of the Harz, comparatively poor in nutrients and bases, so that only a few herbaceous plants occur here, such as heath bedstraw ( 2328:

in 1129. From that it can be deduced that there was already a shortage of wood then. From the 12th to the 14th centuries, large parts of the Harz were managed economically by the

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Spruce woods thrive in the highest locations from about 800 m to the tree line at around 1,000 m above sea level. These woods are also home to some deciduous trees such as rowan,

5372: 2864:– has declined markedly. However, the heavy metal residues in the soils of the Upper Harz, which in some cases are significant, represent a serious environmental hazard today. 2828:, came to an end. Bearing witness to the industry are cultural monuments as well as the negative consequences of mining for the environment such as e. g. pollution of the 5604: 2415:

So lonely, I say to myself, while looking down at this peak, will it feel to the person, who only wants to open his soul to the oldest, first, deepest feelings of truth.

4627: 4167:, Quedlinburg and Nordhausen. The Harz used to be served by a number of branch lines, some of which are still open. Those operating regular passenger services are the 823: 5750: 5365: 2363: 617:

Because of the heavy rainfall in the region the rivers of the Harz Mountains were dammed from an early date. Examples of such masonry dams are the two largest: the

625:. The clear, cool water of the mountain streams was also dammed by early mountain folk to form the various mountain ponds of the Upper Harz waterways, such as the 5745: 799: 5715: 1203:

formations, and they have a vegetation layer rich in variety and luxuriant growth. Here, too, the common beech dominates, mixed, for example, with sycamore,

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region, with 62 signed mountain bike routes and four bike parks with lift facilities in Braunlage, Hahnenklee, Schulenberg and Thale. The bike parks offer

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in the east, and a width of 35 kilometres (22 mi). It occupies an area of 2,226 square kilometres (859 sq mi), and is divided into the

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issued an ordinance in which destruction or damage to the forest on the Brocken would be severely punished. In 1736, Christian Ernest also built the

4124:), a narrow (metre)-gauge steam and diesel-powered railway network is a very popular mode of transport, especially with tourists. The railways link 1865: 1227:). As a result of the increasingly continental climate on the eastern edge of the Harz, the common beech gives way to mixed forests of sessile oak. 2676:

summit of the Brocken annually. The former out-of-bounds area today has many habitats worth protecting and, as a result, it is being turned into a

2471:. For example, the botanist, Bley, wanted to prevent trains from climbing the Brocken, because it he felt it would threaten the Brocken's flora. 1163:) may be found growing in wetter places. During times of decay and rejuvenation when there is plenty of light, light-dependent pioneers such as 5597: 2650: 2064:. Settlement within the mountains began only 1000 years ago, as in ancient times dense forests made the region almost inaccessible. The suffix 649:, which was built between 1928 and 1931. The dams of the Upper Harz lakes are some of the oldest dams in Germany that are still in operation. 5705: 2197:

move from Africa into Europe, including to the Harz region, where they appear to have ousted the Neanderthals and subsequently settled here.

1311:). For that reason it is more the ferns, mosses, lichens and fungi that, in addition to spruce trees, characterise these woods. Boulders and 4620: 4168: 3480: 2277:, a suffix that is first discernable in the Harzgau from the mid-9th century. Where the founders of these villages came from is unknown. 253: 5725: 5700: 5288: 2429:

outbreak and a storm of hurricane proportions in November 1800. This largest known bark beetle infestation in the Harz was known as the

4207: 2317:. There were three restricted forests, so described, in the state of Saxony, where there was no longer unfettered access for everyone. 5770: 5710: 4960: 2899: 5730: 5590: 4391: 4350: 4299: 1667: 126: 590:

covers the Brocken and surrounding wilderness area. Approximately 600,000 people live in towns and villages of the Harz Mountains.

2339:, and a systematic resettlement of mining villages in the Upper Harz did not take place until the first half of the 16th century. 321:

oldest rock > 560 million years (Ecker gneiss-educt), youngest pre-quaternary rocks c. 290 million years (Brocken granite)

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forests, whilst the Lower Harz gradually descends into the surrounding area and has deciduous forests interspersed with meadows.

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runs along the southwestern perimeter of the Harz via Osterode to Bad Lauterberg. In addition there is a good federal road (the

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is very important to the Harz, although the prevalence of cheap air travel has led to a decline in recent years. There are many

2638:. Not until 7 May 1945 did the last formations of the 11th Army and Waffen SS in the Harz surrender. Several units of 1961:, or can only live in the reduced water velocities on the bed of the stream or on stones by having flat body shapes, e. g. 766:

Panorama in the Harz Mountains. From left to right: the peaks of the Rehberg, the Achtermannshöhe, the Brocken and the Wurmberg.

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were produced. The slave labourers at the Dora camp were subjected to brutal conditions, which led to more than 20,000 deaths.

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In the 1930s, national park planning in Germany became specific again. There were concrete plans for the national parks of the

5760: 4798: 1605: 1386:) woods only occur in small areas. In these places the common beech gives way to hardier deciduous species such as sycamore, 64: 4235: 4211: 3468:

in St. Andreasberg also served as a training mine until the 20th century and is today, preserved true to the original, as a

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in the southern Harz, and went to advance northwards, it met with resistance, especially in the hills around the towns of

2558: 2190: 774: 512: 4558: 2649:, admitted to having participated in a massacre of German POWs in the Harz area. At the time, Sheeran was serving in the 4100: 1003: 246: 148: 4227: 4172: 2902:. In addition to the classical disciplines of mining and metallurgy, many engineering and science subjects, as well as 2688: 2332:. As well as agriculture and fishing, they also controlled the silver mining industry in the Upper Harz and in Goslar. 1398:

is similar to that of the better-nourished beech woods. Notable species amongst the plant communities here include the

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Urte Dally (2004), Harald Meller (ed.), "Heilige Waffen im Harz – die Keule von Thale und der Zinken von Welbsleben",

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valleys are the best known. A representative cross-section of all the Harz rocks is displayed on the Jordanshöhe near

1356:) are also typical of this type of woodland habitat. The characteristic species of fungi in natural spruce woods are 5673: 5572: 4176: 3066:

on the cross-country routes, the toboggan slopes, footpaths, alpine ski pistes and rough terrain is provided by the

5271: 4714: 4456: 4215: 4113: 3162: 3008:, there are plenty of winter sport facilities. Of particular note are the villages and towns of Altenau (including 2623: 2527:

prevented these national park plans from being taken forward; nevertheless, in 1937, an Upper Harz Nature Reserve (

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in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of

107: 4290:, which runs from Goslar in the north over the Upper Harz (Clausthal-Zellerfeld) as far as Osterode in the south. 4231: 1594: 53: 5775: 4076: 4016: 3976: 1620: 79: 5121: 2436:

In 1818, a mounted forester, Spellerberg, from Lautenthal, killed the last lynx in the Harz on the Teufelsberg.

209: 5720: 5025: 4757: 4649: 3449: 3166: 2741: 2111:(East Germany). Today the Harz forms a popular tourist destination for summer hiking as well as winter sports. 1002:), when the northern edge was steeply tilted. This formed a fault zone on the northern border of the Harz (the 655: 362: 5507: 5437: 4525: 3579: 3401: 3199:

The mountains of the Harz were used in former times for long walks (e. g. by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,

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are derived, means forest or forested mountains, and the Harudes were the residents or dwellers in the Harud.

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from Saxony and Bohemia, that went back to the settlement of mining folk from that area in the 16th century.

2964:, and almost every village in the Harz and Harz Foreland caters to tourists. Well-known destinations are the 2335:

In the middle of the 14th century, the settlements in the Harz became heavily depopulated as a result of the

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and to supply water in times of scarcity. Modern dam-building began in the Harz with the construction of the

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plays an important economic role, as do the associated wood-working industries. In the first millennium AD,

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occurs in old, open wood-reed spruce forest, sometimes in connection with stone runs or bog spruce forests;

1627: 1423: 560: 492:) in the east which is up to around 400 m high and whose plateaus are capable of supporting arable farming. 86: 3237:, with 222 checkpoints and a range of walking badges that may be earned for various levels of achievement. 2313:

which, for centuries, formed the basis on which German law was administered, described the Harz as a place

5312: 5300: 5216: 5044: 4762: 3534: 3216: 3108: 2871:. The last centres of mining were the Rammelsberg near Goslar (closed 1988) and the Hilfe Gottes Pit near 978:. They were, however, heavily eroded due to their height (up to 4 km) and were later covered over by 634: 532: 504: 2921:) were predominant on the higher ground – typical of a natural highland forest. Hence one spoke of going 5283: 5157: 4820: 4450: 4129: 3931: 3683: 3496: 3310: 2776:

output, silver mining in the Harz would never have been able to attain its major economic significance.

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In 1588, the Nordhausen doctor, Johannes Thal, published the first book on regional flora in the world,

1601: 1415: 60: 31: 5276: 5204: 4953: 3613: 3430: 3340:). Unlike the Lower Saxon, Eastphalian and Thuringian dialects of the surrounding region, this was an 2992:

Although winter sport in the Harz does not have the significance of other mountain areas, such as the

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about 10,000 years ago. A significant proportion of the vegetation on these raised bogs is made up of

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on the Brocken massif. Its highest peak is the Brocken (1,141 m), its subsidiary peaks are the

434:(971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony. 5643: 5557: 5497: 5467: 4287: 4283: 4263: 4192: 4188: 4137: 3897: 3688: 3564: 2672: 2445: 2100: 1559: 1451: 1438: 1288: 896: 484:) in the northwest, which is up to 800 m high, apart from the 1,100 m high Brocken massif, and the 419: 316: 5133: 5537: 5407: 5175: 4852: 4809: 4149: 4121: 4084: 4030: 3988: 3960: 3554: 3416:, they were explored very early on by the mining industry. The mines have often been turned into 3348:

occasional articles in the local papers are printed in "Upper Harz", which helps to preserve it.

3330: 3233: 3228: 3212: 2965: 2880: 2772:(with a volume of 8 million cubic metres) are still used today. Without using their considerable 2765: 2605: 2181:

in the Einhorn Cave in the southern Harz (100,000 years ago) and in the Rübeland Caves. Finds of

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in the Harz are some of the best preserved in central Europe. They were formed at the end of the

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routes. Both the signed cycle paths and the bike parks are suitable for every level of cyclist.

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Shortly before his death in 2003, American Second World War veteran and organized crime figure,

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larvae. In the calmer parts of the stream, behind stones or in blankets of moss, there are also

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light-loving species such as silver birch, rowan, sycamore, willow and dwarf bushes such as the

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Around the Harz a number of railway lines form a ring. They are, clockwise from the north, the

3191:) service also operates in summer, rescuing people involved in accidents on difficult terrain. 1721:. Characteristic breeding birds in the beech woods, with their abundance of dead wood, are the 5633: 5512: 5492: 5259: 5104: 4888: 4828: 4815: 4793: 4387: 4346: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4062: 4004: 3992: 3964: 3787: 3722: 3673: 3500: 3393: 3029: 2993: 2804:

mines and, in the vicinity of Röblingen, geological waxes were extracted by a mining concern.

2725: 2677: 2656: 2508: 2394: 2367: 1928: 1762: 1567: 1407: 1387: 1287:. In spite of the near-natural habitat there are only a few, indigenous, genetically adapted ( 1244: 1110: 971: 959: 944: 4431: 3115:

is permitted and, on a number of rivers originating in the Harz, there are opportunities for

543:(Lower Harz). Only on the southeastern perimeter of the Upper Harz, which is also called the 5477: 5442: 5247: 5186: 5116: 4972: 4965: 4912: 4857: 4781: 4584: 4255: 4196: 4038: 3996: 3968: 3952: 3831: 3807: 3693: 3648: 3638: 3589: 3524: 3465: 3436: 3369: 2903: 2769: 2721: 2589: 2524: 2389: 2375: 2329: 1892: 1826: 1790: 1770: 1746: 1722: 1399: 1395: 1349: 983: 686: 556: 500: 426:

is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above

415: 309: 5527: 5080: 5020: 4840: 4684: 4673: 4636: 4515: 4375: 4223: 4080: 4072: 3956: 3827: 3737: 3623: 3413: 3381: 3278: 3037: 2705: 2464: 2227: 2174: 2069: 2061: 1802: 1737:). An indication of the natural state of the beech woods in the Harz is the return of the 1523: 1375: 1212: 987: 928: 844: 572: 431: 292: 5357: 4689: 4678: 3867: 3146:

The Harz offers a range of climbing areas like, the Oker valley, with its rock outcrops (

2475: 4438: 2185:

near Aschersleben on the northern edge of the Harz point to the use of this prehistoric

1872:), which only occurs in Lower Saxony in the Harz, and is endangered in Germany, and the 5502: 5427: 5422: 4989: 4917: 4905: 4744: 4709: 4654: 4596: 4021: 4011:. In historical times, high ridges and spurs were used as sites for fortified castles ( 3927: 3653: 3633: 3314: 3302: 3294: 3200: 3101: 3013: 2942: 2545: 2457: 2293: 2200:

Many discoveries in the Harz, such as the bronze club of Thale, which was found by the

1531: 1363: 1256: 1164: 1062: 975: 730: 706: 638: 603: 587: 508: 459: 285: 4286:), which crosses the Harz in an east–west direction (from Seesen to Mansfeld) and the 3488: 5695: 5689: 5663: 5658: 5617: 5552: 5487: 5128: 5068: 5032: 5008: 4845: 4510: 4464: 4383: 4058: 4054: 3935: 3668: 3341: 3158: 3033: 2997: 2946: 2934: 2780: 2757: 2646: 2520: 2516: 2134: 2126: 2021: 1971: 1685: 1292: 1191:

beech woods are found in the few places where there is an abundance of nutrients and

940: 867: 738: 734: 710: 694: 690: 674: 642: 387: 379: 232: 5347: 2844:

The booming mining industry of bygone centuries in the Harz region – especially for

2095:, ore from this region was exported along trade routes to far-flung places, such as 2076:, to stub) denotes a place where woodland had been cleared to develop a settlement. 5457: 5396: 5331: 5227: 5211: 5061: 4864: 4774: 4661: 4046: 4008: 4000: 3972: 3909: 3877: 3772: 3717: 3544: 3529: 3469: 3397: 3257: 3181: 3136: 3112: 3001: 2918: 2833: 2601: 2490: 2121: 2104: 2091:

became established in the following centuries throughout the mountains. During the

2010: 1966: 1754: 1495: 1180: 1172: 1132: 1083: 912: 862: 856: 849: 742: 722: 670: 622: 383: 227: 5037: 4833: 4274:) from Goslar to Braunlage. The North Harz Foreland benefits from the newly built 3987:

The high elevation of many places in the Harz has been used to advantage to erect

3847: 2388:

The steadily increasing consumption of wood by the pits and smelting works led to

2202: 1641: 1340:). The ground vegetation may also have a rich proliferation of low bushes such as 466:

The Harz has a length of 110 kilometres (68 mi), stretching from the town of

455: 100: 4410: 3313:

in a north–south direction. There is also a 25 km route from Wernigerode to

2177:

and other animals in the Harz region. Tools used by Neanderthals were discovered

1235:

At intermediate heights of between 700 and 800 m above sea level, mixed woods of

563:(1,023 m) to the southwest. Other prominent hills in the Harz are the Acker- 527:

The dividing line between Upper and Lower Harz follows approximately a line from

5562: 5542: 5522: 5472: 5452: 5307: 5097: 5073: 5049: 4940: 4924: 4769: 4572: 4408:

Bergbauinduzierte Schwermetallkontaminationen und Bodenplanung in der Harzregion

4160: 4133: 4125: 4042: 3923: 3913: 3905: 3889: 3767: 3702: 3658: 3628: 3549: 3457: 3306: 3224: 3177: 3140: 3120: 3032:

and Oderbrück) and Schierke. Due to the high altitude and length of their runs,

3025: 3017: 2930: 2886: 2813: 2753: 2740:– and around 30 other villages within and on the edge of the Harz can thank the 2512: 2451:"a rock outcrop famous as an object of folklore and as a rare natural curiosity" 2426: 2336: 2280: 2231: 2182: 2138: 2096: 2092: 2057: 1941: 1920: 1842: 1778: 1738: 1583: 1503: 1471: 1324:). Mosses and ferns are also common here. One unusual species is the Carpathian 1260: 1148: 1140: 1014: 781: 718: 702: 678: 42: 4449: 5653: 5517: 5412: 5324: 5319: 5295: 5013: 4984: 4869: 4726: 4721: 4246: 4026: 3901: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3839: 3762: 3618: 3539: 3453: 3448:

show mine in Netzkater. Others have been turned into mining museums, like the

3421: 3389: 3220: 3100:

In summer, the main activity in the Harz, by far, is walking. In recent years

3081: 3021: 2793: 2773: 2729: 2717: 2709: 2618: 2582: 2578: 2566: 2162: 2150: 2130: 1950: 1908: 1900: 1861: 1730: 1694: 1447: 1312: 1204: 1124: 999: 955: 932: 924: 476: 427: 4605: 4195:

is only used by goods traffic at present, but there are plans to run it as a

2812:. With the closure of this facility, mining operations that had begun in the 2419:

On 23 March 1798, the last wolf was killed in the Harz near the Plessenburg.

2315:

where wild animals are guaranteed protection in the king's restricted forests

268: 255: 17: 5482: 5432: 5417: 5392: 5336: 5252: 4929: 4893: 4804: 4749: 4738: 4567: 4545: 4153: 3893: 3881: 3757: 3747: 3559: 3424:

was for a long time the deepest mine in the world. Other show mines are the

3417: 3409: 3385: 3208: 3207:). An extensive network of footpaths is maintained today, especially by the 3170: 3068: 2872: 2829: 2737: 2713: 2613: 2570: 2154: 2037: 1995: 1936: 1888: 1881: 1786: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1491: 1455: 1358: 1333: 1317: 1220: 1192: 1128: 1071:

Altimontane zone: highest areas (except the Brocken summit) between 850 and

916: 904: 884: 872: 626: 576: 564: 528: 391: 341: 331: 237: 5582: 5199: 3265:

or the Feuerstein near Schierke, among several) that are used by climbers.

3036:

is very popular. International winter sport competitions take place on the

2214: 4426: 3971:

are found mainly on the edge of the Harz. In Hahnenklee there is a wooden

1558:), which is rust-red in the autumn. One fascinating moorland plant is the 5152: 5056: 4996: 4935: 4702: 4442: 4050: 3948: 3885: 3855: 3835: 3777: 3727: 3712: 3678: 3663: 3599: 3594: 3506:

The following towns and villages are found in or around the Harz region:

3274: 3241: 3116: 3041: 3009: 2961: 2914: 2910: 2868: 2745: 2540: 2298: 2243: 2186: 2170: 2033: 2029: 1976: 1962: 1818: 1702: 1487: 1341: 1196: 1156: 995: 991: 979: 920: 915:. The landscapes of the Harz are characterised by steep mountain ridges, 714: 662: 618: 551:) (Goslar, Göttingen and Harz districts), does the mountain range exceed 471: 30:

This article is about the mountain range in Germany. For other uses, see

3361: 5628: 5532: 5191: 5180: 5169: 5164: 5140: 5092: 4881: 4697: 4067: 3843: 3584: 3519: 3514: 3290: 3286: 3132: 2984: 2969: 2957: 2733: 2635: 2565:

mainly in the tunnel excavation and nearby underground stations of the

2379: 2223: 2158: 2142: 2041: 1608: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1551: 1019: 951: 892: 888: 726: 598: 423: 345: 304: 164: 4492: 3802: 3305:

which is 51 kilometres (32 mi) long and crosses the Harz between

3301:) which takes place on the last Saturday of April. The main run is an 1680: 1478:) are home to different species of flora. In the flarks, for example, 1033:

There is a room devoted to geology in the Harz Museum in Wernigerode.

5613: 5388: 5235: 5085: 4529: 3823: 3782: 3732: 3707: 3643: 3608: 3461: 3377: 2876: 2853: 2845: 2817: 2809: 2801: 2789: 2784: 2749: 2660: 2631: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2002: 1958: 1912: 1873: 1860:

Only a few animals are able to survive the extreme conditions of the

1284: 1272: 1236: 1200: 1188: 908: 900: 467: 171: 2929:

its name. Today, however, the commercially managed areas are mainly

1534:(Calluna vulgaris) grows on the drier hummocks and occasionally the 1502:) is a relict of the ice age. Other such ice age plants include the 970:, numerous high mountains appeared in Western Europe, including the 609: 447: 4500: 4319: 4159:

Main line railways serve the major towns around the Harz including

3089: 2608:. Amongst the formations mobilised were divisions belonging to the 1041: 875:

rocks. The most common rocks lying on the surface are argillaceous

4733: 4245: 4164: 4099: 3801: 3752: 3742: 3495: 3487: 3479: 3373: 3360: 3124: 3088: 3080: 2983: 2687: 2341: 2239: 2213: 2166: 2146: 1718: 1698: 1679: 1463: 1437: 1325: 1131:

beech woods on locations poorly supplied with nutrients where the

1109: 1040: 876: 843: 698: 682: 608: 597: 536: 454: 446: 337: 1949:). Other species of animals cling fast to the stones, e. g. 1486:. The blanket of peat moss is penetrated by dwarf bushes such as 1139:) is often the only tree species. In lower, drier locations the 4900: 4065:. In addition to these defensive structures, palatial castles ( 3336:

A feature of the Upper Harz is, or was, the Upper Harz dialect (

3005: 2976:(HVV) is responsible for the marketing of the Harz to tourists. 2861: 2857: 2849: 2825: 2821: 2496:

The Wernigerode rector, W. Voigt, wrote, in 1926, in his famous

1280: 936: 666: 540: 5586: 5361: 4609: 2385:

In 1705, the last bear was killed in the Harz, on the Brocken.

4948: 3131:

Several hills provide a base for airborne activities, such as

2816:

and had continued unbroken since the 16th century, extracting

2467:

began service in 1899, against the already strong concerns of

2443:

In 1852, the district administrator of Quedlinburg placed the

1577: 1570:(Vaccinium uliginosum) grows on the drier margins of the bog. 1098:

Colin zone: areas around the edge of the Harz between 250 and

521: 36: 2708:

in the Harz has its origins about 3,000 years ago during the

1279:). Conditions of high humidity foster an environment rich in 4472: 2800:). In the North Thuringian mining area, there were numerous 2752:, too, whose splendour depended on the ore treasures of the 891:

intrusions in the shape of two large igneous rock masses or

3317:

and a 28 km course from Benneckenstein to Nordhausen.

3157:

The Harz has also developed in recent years into a popular

3085:

The Oker with white water. A footpath is on the right bank.

2562: 2206:, could indicate an earlier Celtic occupation of the Harz. 2017:) also uses the rich food supplies of the mountain brooks. 4537: 2478:

uttered his famous cry "More Protection for the Brocken" (

2359:, in which he described the flowers specific to the Harz. 1769:) may also be found here. It breeds almost exclusively in 966:, about 350 to 250 million years ago. At that time in the 4484: 2867:

Copper workings are still important today in the area of

2273:

Of more recent origin are settlements whose names end in

1054:

The vegetation of the Harz mountains is divided into six

1022:

sediments lie flat on southwest-dipping Palaeozoic beds.

2230:, from the year 814, in which it was referred to by its 954:

of the Harz hills began during a prominent phase of the

4546:

Adventure Harz - (tourist homepage for the Harz region)

782:

List of rock formations (crags, tors, etc.) in the Harz

4460:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. pp. 507–508. 2796:

mine in the Harz, the former Rabenstein Gallery Mine (

1530:) may also be seen amongst those bearing black fruit. 899:, which is widespread in the Harz, consists mainly of 535:, which roughly separates the catchment areas for the 4556: 4250:

The B 4/B 242 Harz high road near Braunlage

3297:

of Germany organised by the Wernigerode Skiing Club (

2226:

itself was first mentioned in a deed by the Emperor,

2141:

entered the stage about 250,000 years ago and hunted

1550:), known for its bright, white clusters of fruit and 4501:

Harzer Schmalspurbahnen (Harz Narrow Gauge Railways)

2925:("into the hardwood forest"), a term which gave the 2659:, one of the leading figures in the development of 2642:troops fought on against the Americans during May. 1857:is a native of the bilberry-rich bog spruce woods. 325: 315: 303: 298: 284: 245: 220: 201: 193: 185: 180: 170: 160: 155: 141: 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2346:Prospecte des Hartzwalds (View of the Harz Forest) 2283:declared the Harz a restricted imperial forest or 4183:lines. All the branch lines in Lower Saxony (the 990:times the Harz was uplifted in a single block by 2103:ran through the Harz, the west belonging to the 1482:is found, whereas the hummocks are preferred by 1247:. Sycamore trees are also found in these woods. 1077:Mean montane zone: higher areas between 750 and 903:. Well-known and economically important are the 4345:(in German), Stuttgart: Theiss, pp. 108f, 2401:("Little House in the Clouds") on the Brocken. 2309:) are allowed to hunt here". Eike von Repkow's 2242:annals of 852, the Harzgau was occupied by the 721:) flow into the Bode. The Wipper is fed by the 3412:. Because the older formations contained many 1833:). Special mention should be made here of the 414:derives from a Celtic name and could refer to 5598: 5373: 4621: 4136:and the Brocken. Prior to the closure of the 4019:, where Eike von Repkow probably drew up the 1092:Submontane zone: lower areas between 300 and 871:, although it is overwhelmingly dominated by 8: 3231:), as well as a trans-regional project, the 2748:for their boom. The former imperial town of 2588:In February/March 1945 the SS Reichsführer, 2364:Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2189:by Neanderthals about 50,000 years ago. The 4473:Homepage of the Harz Regional Association ( 3408:and, on the southern edge of the Harz, the 681:in the south. The Innerste merges into the 5605: 5591: 5583: 5380: 5366: 5358: 4628: 4614: 4606: 4262:in the south. A four-lane motor road, the 3456:Mining Museum with its pit railway or the 2909:The extensive woods of the Harz mean that 1982:Occasionally the golden-ringed dragonfly ( 1688:– once again found living wild in the Harz 729:and the Oder; the latter being fed by the 138: 3325:The main dialects of the Harz region are 3240:The Harz is also home to Germany's first 2366:granted the first conservation order for 1891:are important habitat components for the 1668:Learn how and when to remove this message 1123:From the edge of the Harz to 700 m above 499:) fall wholly or partly within the Harz: 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 4519:) is being considered for deletion. See 2404:As a young man, the famous German poet, 2382:. The first Harz 'rangers' were formed. 1542:) may be found. Typical grasses are the 559:(1,044 m) to the southeast and the 4563: 4311: 3372:processes have led to the formation of 994:movements and, particularly during the 895:. The Gießen-Harz surface layer of the 795: 661:The largest rivers in the Harz are the 5751:Forests and woodlands of Saxony-Anhalt 4140:the present-day network was joined at 3699: 3605: 3511: 3460:Mining Museum near Goslar, which is a 2712:. The seven Upper Harz mining towns – 1998:, can be seen by streams in the Harz. 1086:: medium height areas between 525 and 27:Low mountain range in northern Germany 5746:Forests and woodlands of Lower Saxony 2898:). Another important employer is the 2024:was successfully reintroduced by the 1884:which is threatened with extinction. 1127:beech woods dominate, especially the 1028:Klassischen Quadratmeile der Geologie 361: 214:Topographic map of the Harz Mountains 7: 5716:Mountains and hills of Saxony-Anhalt 2906:courses, are taught and researched. 1606:adding citations to reliable sources 907:deposits around Elbingerode and the 65:adding citations to reliable sources 4049:, as well as the ruined castles of 3255:near Thale, there are rocks on the 3047:Also worth mentioning are the many 2125:hunted in and around the Harz near 2119:About 700,000 to 350,000 years ago 2107:(West Germany) and the east to the 418:, but has also been applied to the 197:2,226 km (859 sq mi) 5756:Forests and woodlands of Thuringia 3123:sections. International canoe and 2900:Clausthal University of Technology 2875:(closed 1992). In Bad Lauterberg, 2409:interest in science (see Goethes: 2079:The year 968 saw the discovery of 25: 4523:to help reach a consensus. › 3211:. In addition, there are several 3104:has become increasingly popular. 2592:, established the Harz Fortress ( 2561:. Its prisoners were used by the 2535:Nazi Germany and Second World War 2493:population in the Harz died out. 1330:Betula pubescens subsp. carpatica 705:all discharge into the Oker. The 5672: 5571: 5346: 4590: 4578: 4566: 4437: 4425: 4152:), which ran from Walkenried to 3040:ski jump near Braunlage and the 2052:The Harz was first mentioned as 1582: 822: 810: 798: 755: 208: 147: 41: 4465:Harz at Encyclopædia Britannica 4003:, the observation tower on the 3979:which was consecrated in 1908. 3501:Castle and abbey of Quedlinburg 3057:Förderverein Loipenverbund Harz 3028:, Sankt Andreasberg (including 1593:needs additional citations for 1073:1,000 m above NN 1067:1,000 m above NN 947:near the car park (see photo). 553:1,000 m above NN 52:needs additional citations for 4208:Halberstadt–Vienenburg railway 3176:Roads in the Harz are used by 2779:In the eastern Harz Foreland ( 2511:, Bavarian – Bohemian Forest, 2330:Cistercian Abbey of Walkenried 2193:, about 40,000 years ago, saw 1522:) bloom from May to June. The 176:1,141.2 m (3,744 ft) 1: 4258:motorway in the west and the 4116:), colloquially known as the 4015:). In the Harz these include 3812:626 m above NN 3452:in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, the 3093:Former climbing areas on the 2798:Bergwerk Rabensteiner Stollen 2600:from the western allies. Its 2559:Buchenwald concentration camp 2191:Upper Palaeolithic Revolution 2115:Pre-history and early history 1100:300 m above NN 1094:525 m above NN 1088:750 m above NN 1079:850 m above NN 725:. The Rhume is joined by the 717:(whose main tributary is the 5706:Mountain ranges of Thuringia 4445:travel guide from Wikivoyage 4204:Heudeber–Danstedt–Vienenburg 3444:show mine in Ilfeld and the 2764:, of which 70 kilometres of 2529:Naturschutzgebietes Oberharz 1864:. Examples of these are the 1004:Northern Harz Boundary Fault 685:and its tributaries are the 586:is located in the Harz; the 336:and magmatic rocks – mainly 4071:) were also built, such as 3983:Towers, palaces and castles 2651:45th U.S. Infantry Division 2480:Mehr Schutz für den Brocken 2370:. The ducal decree stated, 2105:Federal Republic of Germany 960:Hercynian mountain building 515:in the north and east, and 5792: 5726:Natural regions of Germany 5701:Mountain ranges of Germany 5272:Thuringian Slate Mountains 4254:The Harz is grazed by the 4216:Berlin-Blankenheim Railway 4114:Harz Narrow Gauge Railways 3798:Towns in the Harz Foreland 3388:layers of the Harz. These 3251:In the Oker Valley and at 3187:The Harz Mountain Rescue ( 3154:being especially popular. 2883:in three large open pits ( 2667:Former Inner German border 2456:Albert Peter laid out the 2109:German Democratic Republic 2083:deposits near the town of 958:era, in the course of the 854: 29: 5771:Climbing areas of Germany 5711:Mountains of Lower Saxony 5670: 5624: 5569: 5403: 5344: 5248:Teutoburg Forest (Osning) 4644: 4485:Official tourist homepage 4475:Regionalverband Harz e.V. 4236:Vienenburg–Goslar railway 4212:Halle–Halberstadt railway 3977:Gustav Adolf Stave Church 3464:world heritage site. The 3365:Rammelsberg Mining Museum 2622:. When the United States 1925:Salmon trutta forma fario 1394:), Scots elm or ash. The 775:List of hills in the Harz 745:all flow into the Helme. 495:The following districts ( 451:Map of the Harz mountains 206: 146: 5731:Regions of Saxony-Anhalt 4758:Elbe Sandstone Mountains 4650:Anterior Bavarian Forest 4521:templates for discussion 4300:Hiking trails in Germany 4191:) have been closed. The 3450:Upper Harz Mining Museum 3299:Skiklub Wernigerode 1911 3044:facility at Sonnenberg. 2783:and Sangerhäuser Mulde) 2700:Historic mining industry 1975:) and small shrimp-like 1114:Spruce woods in the Harz 656:List of dams in the Harz 567:ridge (927 m), the 410:(hill forest). The name 334:sedimentary, metamorphic 189:110 km (68 mi) 5736:Regions of Lower Saxony 4538:Blog on the Harz region 4457:Encyclopædia Britannica 4343:Der Geschmiedete Himmel 4320:"Das Luchsprojekt Harz" 4228:Herzberg–Seesen railway 4185:Innerste Valley Railway 4169:Halberstadt–Blankenburg 4110:Harzer Schmalspurbahnen 3806:Carlshaus Tower on the 3484:Old town of Wernigerode 3205:Hans Christian Andersen 3064:mountain rescue service 3016:, Braunlage (including 2762:Upper Harz Water Regale 2351:16th century until 1933 1428:Phegopteris connectilis 1400:Alpine blue-sow-thistle 1065:: Brocken summit, over 462:at the summit in winter 5045:North Palatine Uplands 4451:"Harz Mountains" 4251: 4177:Klostermansfeld–Wippra 4105: 3815: 3535:Bad Lauterberg im Harz 3503: 3493: 3485: 3431:Drei Kronen & Ehrt 3366: 3282: 3246:Harzer Naturistenstieg 3109:reservoirs in the Harz 3097: 3086: 2989: 2988:View of the Upper Harz 2974:Harzer Verkehrsverband 2696: 2484:Der Harzer Heimatspark 2347: 2219: 2073: 2056:in an 814 deed by the 1870:Somatochlora alpestris 1689: 1443: 1115: 1046: 1008:Harznordrandverwerfung 865:diverse of the German 852: 614: 606: 463: 452: 416:other mountain forests 5761:Carboniferous Germany 5508:Oldenburg Münsterland 5284:Upper Palatine Forest 5158:Geiersberg (Breitsol) 4727:(Prussian) Velmerstot 4249: 4232:Goslar–Seesen railway 4181:Berga-Kelbra–Stolberg 4103: 4025:, the most important 3805: 3499: 3491: 3483: 3364: 3092: 3084: 2987: 2691: 2411:Wahrheit und Dichtung 2345: 2297:), the oldest German 2217: 1984:Cordulegaster boltoni 1839:Glaucidium passerinum 1683: 1484:Sphagnum magellanicum 1441: 1420:Polystichum aculeatum 1368:Tricholomopsis decora 1346:Vaccinium vitis-idaea 1297:Calamagrostis villosa 1113: 1044: 861:The Harz is the most 847: 677:in the east; and the 612: 602:Reservoir behind the 601: 571:(925 m) and the 458: 450: 32:Harz (disambiguation) 5741:Regions of Thuringia 5313:Paschenburg Mountain 4882:Brocken (Blocksberg) 4434:at Wikimedia Commons 4220:Halle-Kassel Railway 4104:Narrow gauge railway 4037:near Neustadt/Harz, 3995:. These include the 3575:Clausthal-Zellerfeld 3446:Rabensteiner Stollen 3406:Iberg Dripstone Cave 3342:Ore Mountain dialect 3321:Dialects of the Harz 3195:Walking and climbing 3119:and other sports on 3049:cross-country skiing 2694:Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2581:and the flying bomb 2557:), was a subcamp of 2326:Frederick Barbarossa 2137:(Lower Saxony). The 1988:beautiful demoiselle 1799:Regulus ignicapillus 1602:improve this article 1564:Drosera rotundifolia 1548:Eriophorum vaginatum 1544:sheathed cottongrass 1382:) and river source ( 968:history of the Earth 964:Carboniferous period 835:Geology and pedology 817:Braunlage (windward) 635:generate electricity 470:in the northwest to 61:improve this article 4763:Großer Zschirnstein 4189:Oder Valley Railway 4138:Inner German border 4041:near Stecklenberg, 3943:Abbeys and churches 3689:Oberharz am Brocken 3420:. For example, the 3352:Tourist attractions 3217:Harz Witches' Trail 3213:long-distance paths 2746:smelting industries 2673:Inner German border 2612:, divisions of the 2246:and after whom the 2238:. According to the 2101:Inner German border 1945:) and water mites ( 1855:Enthephria caesiata 1560:round-leaved sundew 1520:Vaccinium oxicoccus 1500:Andromeda polifolia 1480:Sphagnum cuspidatum 1322:Vaccinium myrtillus 1161:Acer pseudoplatanus 897:Rhenohercynian zone 848:Gabbro Quarry near 443:Location and extent 420:geology of the Harz 374:), also called the 265: / 5766:Cretaceous Germany 5538:South Lower Saxony 5448:County of Bentheim 5408:Achim-Verden Geest 5277:Großer Farmdenkopf 5176:Lusatian Mountains 4853:Gladenbach Uplands 4821:Sieben-Linden-Berg 4493:Harz National Park 4406:Friedhart Knolle: 4252: 4150:South Harz Railway 4122:Trans-Harz Railway 4106: 4085:Wernigerode Castle 4077:Blankenburg Castle 4031:German Middle Ages 4017:Falkenstein Castle 3993:observation towers 3816: 3504: 3494: 3486: 3476:Towns and villages 3367: 3338:Oberharzer Mundart 3244:hiking trail, the 3234:Harzer Wandernadel 3229:Selke Valley Trail 3098: 3087: 2990: 2966:Harz National Park 2697: 2692:Mining archive in 2531:) was designated. 2431:Große Wurmtrocknis 2348: 2220: 2026:Harz National Park 1815:Certhia familiaris 1690: 1556:Scirpus cespitosus 1536:cross-leaved heath 1512:few-flowered sedge 1444: 1392:Tilia platyphyllos 1364:prunes and custard 1359:Phellinus viticola 1209:Fraxinus excelsior 1116: 1047: 952:geological folding 950:The formation and 919:, relatively flat 853: 829:Mansfeld (leeward) 805:Brocken (windward) 673:in the north; the 615: 607: 584:Harz National Park 575:(971 m) near 464: 453: 400:Middle High German 156:Highest point 5681: 5680: 5639:Chemical Triangle 5634:Anhalt-Wittenberg 5580: 5579: 5355: 5354: 5260:Thuringian Forest 5105:Rothaar Mountains 4954:Lauensteiner Kopf 4889:Hildesheim Forest 4829:Franconian Forest 4794:Fichtel Mountains 4430:Media related to 4173:Quedlinburg–Thale 3795: 3794: 3723:Sankt Andreasberg 3674:Niedersachswerfen 2994:Thuringian Forest 2941:of the so-called 2742:Upper Harz mining 2726:Sankt Andreasberg 2657:Wernher von Braun 2515:, Höllengebirge, 2489:Around 1920, the 2395:House of Stolberg 2015:Motacilla cinerea 1878:Aeshna subarctica 1851:Gnophos sordarius 1831:Loxia curvirostra 1767:Aegolius funereus 1727:Dryocopus martius 1678: 1677: 1670: 1652: 1568:northern bilberry 1408:perennial honesty 1388:large-leaved lime 1350:purple moor grass 1305:Avenella flexuosa 1245:forest management 1155:) occur as well. 1056:altitudinal zones 972:Fichtel Mountains 945:Sankt Andreasberg 927:and long, narrow 539:(Upper Harz) and 398:derives from the 363:[haːɐ̯ts] 351: 350: 269:51.750°N 10.633°E 247:Range coordinates 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 5783: 5776:Horsts (geology) 5676: 5644:Elbe-Börde Heath 5607: 5600: 5593: 5584: 5575: 5558:Wümme Depression 5478:Innerste Uplands 5468:Hildesheim Börde 5382: 5375: 5368: 5359: 5350: 5187:Zittau Mountains 5117:Saalhausen Hills 4973:Kaufungen Forest 4782:Elster Mountains 4630: 4623: 4616: 4607: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4583: 4582: 4581: 4571: 4570: 4562: 4550: 4542: 4534: 4505: 4497: 4489: 4481: 4469: 4461: 4453: 4441: 4429: 4413: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4376:Cadbury, Deborah 4372: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4316: 4197:heritage railway 4193:Rübeland Railway 4039:Lauenburg Castle 4035:Hohnstein Castle 3832:Bad Salzdetfurth 3813: 3694:Osterode am Harz 3639:Herzberg am Harz 3590:Falkenstein/Harz 3509: 3508: 3414:mineral deposits 3370:Geomorphological 2939:climatic changes 2904:business studies 2671:Until 1990, the 2590:Heinrich Himmler 2573:, situated near 2525:Second World War 2521:Kurische Nehrung 2469:conservationists 2390:overexploitation 2376:natural monument 2307:gekrönte Häupter 2175:forest elephants 1992:Calopteryx virgo 1905:Turdus torquatus 1897:Falco peregrinus 1893:peregrine falcon 1874:Subarctic darner 1807:Carduelis spinus 1771:black woodpecker 1759:Tetrao urogallus 1751:Felis silvestris 1747:European wildcat 1723:black woodpecker 1673: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1610: 1586: 1578: 1518:). Cranberries ( 1516:Carex pauciflora 1416:hard shield fern 1412:Lunaria rediviva 1404:Cicerbita alpina 1396:herbaceous layer 1354:Molinia caerulea 1293:shaggy wood-reed 1269:Betula pubescens 1217:Carpinus betulus 1169:Sorbus aucuparia 1101: 1095: 1089: 1080: 1074: 1068: 984:Early Cretaceous 982:rocks. From the 929:V-shaped valleys 826: 814: 802: 759: 643:prevent flooding 594:Rivers and lakes 554: 513:Mansfeld-Südharz 373: 372: 371: 365: 360: 288: 280: 279: 277: 276: 275: 270: 266: 263: 262: 261: 258: 212: 151: 139: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5721:Central Uplands 5686: 5685: 5682: 5677: 5668: 5620: 5611: 5581: 5576: 5567: 5528:Schaumburg Land 5399: 5386: 5356: 5351: 5342: 5265:Großer Beerberg 5241:Großer Feldberg 5081:Palatine Forest 5021:Lenne Mountains 4841:Franconian Jura 4685:Bavarian Forest 4674:Bohemian Forest 4640: 4637:Central Uplands 4634: 4603: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4565: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4540: 4532: 4524: 4503: 4495: 4487: 4479: 4467: 4448: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4405: 4401: 4394: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4296: 4244: 4224:South Harz Line 4163:, Wernigerode, 4098: 4093: 4081:Stolberg Castle 4073:Herzberg Castle 3985: 3945: 3828:Bad Gandersheim 3811: 3800: 3624:Hattorf am Harz 3478: 3440:show mine, the 3359: 3357:Mines and caves 3354: 3323: 3271: 3197: 3111:, a variety of 3079: 2982: 2955: 2892:Werk Kaltes Tal 2842: 2706:mining industry 2702: 2686: 2669: 2598:central Germany 2555:Nordhausen-Dora 2537: 2465:Brocken Railway 2353: 2252:Harudorum pagus 2228:Louis the Pious 2212: 2117: 2062:Louis the Pious 2050: 2007:Cinclus cinclus 1795:Regulus regulus 1783:Parus cristatus 1674: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1611: 1609: 1599: 1587: 1576: 1528:Empetrum nigrum 1524:black crowberry 1436: 1424:long beech fern 1309:Galium saxatile 1301:wavy hair-grass 1253: 1233: 1187:) play a role. 1153:Quercus petraea 1137:Fagus sylvatica 1121: 1108: 1099: 1093: 1087: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1052: 1039: 988:Late Cretaceous 931:, of which the 859: 842: 837: 830: 827: 818: 815: 806: 803: 790: 769: 768: 767: 765: 760: 751: 647:Söse Valley Dam 596: 569:Achtermannshöhe 552: 445: 440: 368: 367: 366: 358: 335: 293:Central Uplands 286: 273: 271: 267: 264: 259: 256: 254: 252: 251: 216: 215: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5789: 5787: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5688: 5687: 5679: 5678: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5587: 5578: 5577: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5513:Osnabrück Land 5510: 5505: 5503:Oldenburg Land 5500: 5495: 5493:Lüneburg Heath 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5428:Calenberg Land 5425: 5423:Brunswick Land 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5292: 5280: 5268: 5256: 5244: 5232: 5208: 5196: 5161: 5149: 5137: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5089: 5077: 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4957: 4945: 4921: 4918:Kasseler Kuppe 4909: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4865:Goshawk Forest 4861: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4745:Volcanic Eifel 4730: 4722:Egge Mountains 4718: 4710:Ebbe Mountains 4706: 4694: 4670: 4658: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4625: 4618: 4610: 4600: 4599: 4587: 4575: 4552: 4551: 4543: 4535: 4508: 4506: 4498: 4490: 4482: 4470: 4462: 4446: 4435: 4421: 4420:External links 4418: 4415: 4414: 4399: 4392: 4367: 4357: 4351: 4332: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4292: 4280:Harzhochstraße 4243: 4240: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4022:Sachsenspiegel 4005:Großer Knollen 3984: 3981: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3928:Heringen/Helme 3917: 3871: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3654:Kleinleinungen 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3634:Herrmannsacker 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3477: 3474: 3402:Hermann's Cave 3394:Baumann's Cave 3392:caves include 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3322: 3319: 3315:Benneckenstein 3303:ultra marathon 3295:Harz mountains 3270: 3267: 3201:Heinrich Heine 3196: 3193: 3189:Bergwacht Harz 3139:, notably the 3102:Nordic walking 3078: 3075: 3014:Benneckenstein 2981: 2978: 2954: 2951: 2943:Little Ice Age 2917:trees (mainly 2841: 2838: 2701: 2698: 2685: 2682: 2668: 2665: 2551:Dora-Mittelbau 2546:Mittelbau-Dora 2536: 2533: 2517:Neusiedler See 2509:Lüneburg Heath 2458:Brocken Garden 2399:Wolkenhäuschen 2368:Baumann's Cave 2357:Silva hercynia 2352: 2349: 2311:Sachsenspiegel 2294:Sachsenspiegel 2285:Reichsbannwald 2211: 2208: 2116: 2113: 2049: 2046: 1866:Alpine emerald 1763:Tengmalm's owl 1676: 1675: 1658:September 2020 1590: 1588: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1540:Erica tetralix 1532:Common heather 1460:Sphagnum spec. 1435: 1432: 1338:Sphagnum spec. 1265:Betula pendula 1252: 1249: 1232: 1229: 1177:Betula pendula 1157:Sycamore trees 1120: 1117: 1107: 1106:Types of woods 1104: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1063:Subalpine zone 1051: 1048: 1038: 1035: 1026:Square Mile" ( 1013:The Harz is a 976:Rhenish Massif 841: 838: 836: 833: 832: 831: 828: 821: 819: 816: 809: 807: 804: 797: 789: 786: 762: 761: 754: 753: 752: 750: 747: 639:drinking water 604:Wendefurth Dam 595: 592: 588:protected area 533:Bad Lauterberg 460:Sender Brocken 444: 441: 439: 436: 376:Harz Mountains 349: 348: 329: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 307: 301: 300: 296: 295: 290: 282: 281: 274:51.750; 10.633 249: 243: 242: 241: 240: 235: 230: 222: 218: 217: 213: 207: 204: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 178: 177: 174: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 153: 152: 144: 143: 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5788: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5684: 5675: 5665: 5664:Saale-Unstrut 5662: 5660: 5659:Mansfeld Land 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5619: 5618:Saxony-Anhalt 5615: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5574: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5553:Weser Uplands 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5488:Leine Uplands 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5378: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5349: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192:Lausche (Luž) 5189: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5181:Lausche (Luž) 5178: 5177: 5172: 5171: 5170:Lausche (Luž) 5167: 5166: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5134:Großer Ölberg 5131: 5130: 5129:Siebengebirge 5126: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5069:Ore Mountains 5066: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5033:Lippe Uplands 5030: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4913:Hoher Meißner 4910: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4638: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4547: 4544: 4539: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4499: 4494: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4395: 4393:0-00-721299-2 4389: 4385: 4384:BBC Worldwide 4381: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4352:3-8062-1907-9 4348: 4344: 4336: 4333: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4248: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3997:Carlshaushöhe 3994: 3990: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3937: 3936:Sondershausen 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3874:Saxony-Anhalt 3872: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3809: 3808:Carlshaushöhe 3804: 3797: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3669:Neustadt/Harz 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3482: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3466:Roter Bär Pit 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3437:Röhrigschacht 3433: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293:event in the 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3182:touring bikes 3179: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:mountain bike 3155: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3143:near Goslar. 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3096: 3091: 3083: 3077:Summer sports 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034:Nordic skiing 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2998:Ore Mountains 2995: 2986: 2980:Winter sports 2979: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2947:reforestation 2944: 2940: 2936: 2935:Norway spruce 2932: 2928: 2924: 2923:in die Harten 2920: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2896:Werk Hornberg 2893: 2889: 2888: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2840:Economy today 2839: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2781:Mansfeld Land 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2758:argentiferous 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2674: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2647:Frank Sheeran 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2350: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2258:, from which 2257: 2254:) was named. 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2216: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2129:(Thuringia), 2128: 2127:Bilzingsleben 2124: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020:In 2000, the 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1994:), a type of 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1972:Hydrophilidae 1968: 1967:water beetles 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1947:Hygrobatoidea 1944: 1943: 1939:, flatworms ( 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743:Ciconia nigra 1740: 1736: 1735:Columba oenas 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1687: 1686:Eurasian lynx 1682: 1672: 1669: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: – 1618: 1614: 1613:Find sources: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1591:This section 1589: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1442:Torfhaus Moor 1440: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1348:). Clumps of 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289:autochthonous 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261:downy birches 1258: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195:, e. g. over 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:Quercus robur 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1112: 1105: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1049: 1043: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1023: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 869: 868:Mittelgebirge 864: 858: 851: 846: 839: 834: 825: 820: 813: 808: 801: 796: 794: 787: 785: 784: 783: 777: 776: 764: 758: 748: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 693:. The rivers 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 659: 658: 657: 650: 648: 644: 640: 637:, to provide 636: 630: 628: 624: 620: 611: 605: 600: 593: 591: 589: 585: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:Heinrichshöhe 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 518: 514: 510: 507:in the west, 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478: 473: 469: 461: 457: 449: 442: 437: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 388:Saxony-Anhalt 385: 381: 380:highland area 377: 370: 364: 356: 347: 343: 339: 333: 330: 328: 324: 320: 318: 314: 311: 308: 306: 302: 297: 294: 291: 289: 283: 278: 250: 248: 244: 239: 236: 234: 233:Saxony-Anhalt 231: 229: 226: 225: 223: 219: 211: 205: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 175: 173: 169: 166: 163: 159: 154: 150: 145: 140: 131: 128: 120: 117:February 2017 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: – 77: 73: 72:Find sources: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 18:Harz Foreland 5683: 5648: 5498:Middle Weser 5462: 5458:Land Wursten 5397:Lower Saxony 5335: 5332:Wiehen Hills 5330: 5323: 5318: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5275: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5228:Hoher Randen 5226: 5221: 5215: 5212:Swabian Jura 5210: 5203: 5198: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5151: 5144: 5139: 5132: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5067: 5062:Katzenbuckel 5060: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5019: 5012: 5007: 5000: 4995: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4971: 4964: 4959: 4952: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4923: 4916: 4911: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4868: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4832: 4827: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4803: 4797: 4792: 4787:Kapellenberg 4785: 4780: 4775:Eilumer Horn 4773: 4768: 4761: 4756: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4732: 4725: 4720: 4713: 4708: 4701: 4696: 4690:Großer Arber 4688: 4683: 4679:Großer Arber 4677: 4672: 4665: 4662:Black Forest 4660: 4653: 4648: 4602: 4553: 4549:(in English) 4514: 4496:(in English) 4488:(in English) 4474: 4468:(in English) 4455: 4407: 4402: 4379: 4370: 4360: 4342: 4335: 4323:. Retrieved 4314: 4279: 4253: 4201: 4158: 4145: 4118:Harzquerbahn 4117: 4109: 4107: 4066: 4047:Stecklenburg 4020: 4012: 4009:Josephskreuz 4001:Trautenstein 3989:transmission 3986: 3973:stave church 3961:Michaelstein 3946: 3919: 3910:Sangerhausen 3898:Oschersleben 3878:Aschersleben 3873: 3868:Wolfenbüttel 3820:Lower Saxony 3819: 3773:Westerhausen 3718:Sangerhausen 3565:Breitenstein 3545:Bad Suderode 3530:Bad Harzburg 3505: 3470:visitor mine 3445: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3398:Unicorn Cave 3368: 3346: 3337: 3335: 3324: 3298: 3272: 3263:Höllenklippe 3262: 3258:Hohneklippen 3256: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3232: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3178:racing bikes 3175: 3156: 3152:Adlerklippen 3151: 3147: 3145: 3137:hang-gliding 3130: 3113:water sports 3106: 3099: 3094: 3067: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3004:or even the 3002:Black Forest 2991: 2973: 2956: 2931:monocultures 2926: 2922: 2919:common beech 2908: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2866: 2843: 2834:heavy metals 2806: 2797: 2792:is the only 2778: 2703: 2670: 2655: 2644: 2639: 2617: 2602:headquarters 2596:) to defend 2593: 2587: 2577:, where the 2554: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2528: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2495: 2491:capercaillie 2488: 2483: 2479: 2476:Hermann Löns 2473: 2462: 2455: 2450: 2446:Teufelsmauer 2444: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2398: 2387: 2384: 2371: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2334: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2289:Saxon Mirror 2288: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2235: 2221: 2201: 2199: 2195:Homo sapiens 2194: 2178: 2139:Neanderthals 2122:Homo erectus 2120: 2118: 2078: 2065: 2053: 2051: 2019: 2014: 2011:grey wagtail 2006: 2000: 1991: 1983: 1981: 1970: 1954: 1946: 1940: 1933:Cottus gobio 1932: 1924: 1917: 1904: 1896: 1886: 1877: 1869: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1838: 1830: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1782: 1776: 1766: 1758: 1755:capercaillie 1750: 1742: 1734: 1726: 1691: 1664: 1655: 1645: 1638: 1631: 1624: 1612: 1600:Please help 1595:verification 1592: 1563: 1555: 1547: 1539: 1527: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1499: 1496:Bog-rosemary 1483: 1479: 1475: 1467: 1459: 1452:last ice age 1445: 1427: 1419: 1411: 1403: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1372:Schluchtwald 1371: 1367: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1337: 1329: 1321: 1308: 1304: 1296: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1251:Spruce woods 1240: 1234: 1225:Ulmus glabra 1224: 1216: 1208: 1185:Salix caprea 1184: 1181:pussy willow 1176: 1173:silver birch 1168: 1160: 1152: 1144: 1136: 1133:common beech 1122: 1084:Montane zone 1053: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1012: 1007: 949: 913:Bad Harzburg 881:geschieferte 880: 866: 863:geologically 860: 857:Harz granite 850:Bad Harzburg 791: 779: 772: 770: 660: 653: 651: 631: 623:Rappbode Dam 616: 581: 548: 544: 526: 496: 494: 489: 485: 481: 475: 465: 411: 407: 403: 395: 384:Lower Saxony 375: 354: 352: 327:Type of rock 287:Parent range 228:Lower Saxony 123: 114: 104: 97: 90: 83: 71: 59:Please help 54:verification 51: 5563:Zeven Geest 5543:Stade Geest 5523:East Frisia 5453:Land Hadeln 5308:Weser Hills 5289:Kreuzfelsen 5146:Große Blöße 5098:Wasserkuppe 5074:Fichtelberg 5050:Donnersberg 4990:Wüstegarten 4961:Kaiserstuhl 4941:Ellerspring 4906:Bloße Zelle 4655:Einödriegel 4541:(in German) 4533:(in German) 4509:‹ The 4504:(in German) 4480:(in German) 4161:Halberstadt 4156:and Tanne. 4146:Südharzbahn 4134:Quedlinburg 4126:Wernigerode 4043:Plessenburg 3965:Quedlinburg 3924:Bleicherode 3906:Quedlinburg 3890:Halberstadt 3768:Wernigerode 3703:Questenberg 3659:Langelsheim 3580:Dietersdorf 3555:Blankenburg 3550:Ballenstedt 3458:Rammelsberg 3327:Eastphalian 3307:Wernigerode 3283:Harzquerung 3225:Karst Trail 3141:Rammelsberg 3121:white water 3107:On several 3026:Hasselfelde 2881:Elbingerode 2814:Middle Ages 2754:Rammelsberg 2606:Blankenburg 2594:Harzfestung 2539:During the 2513:High Tauern 2498:Brockenbuch 2427:bark beetle 2337:Black Death 2281:Charlemagne 2232:High German 2210:Middle Ages 2183:birch pitch 2097:Mesopotamia 2093:Middle Ages 2058:Carolingian 1955:Trichoptera 1942:Turbellaria 1921:brown trout 1909:raised bogs 1868:dragonfly ( 1862:raised bogs 1843:black stork 1811:treecreeper 1779:crested tit 1739:black stork 1697:, oribatid 1695:springtails 1508:Betula nana 1504:dwarf birch 1456:peat mosses 1448:raised bogs 1434:Raised bogs 1370:). Ravine ( 1334:peat mosses 1277:Salix spec. 1241:Picea abies 1231:Mixed woods 1189:Melic grass 1149:sessile oak 1141:English oak 1119:Beech woods 1015:fault-block 925:raised bogs 719:Zillierbach 394:. The name 317:Age of rock 272: / 5690:Categories 5654:Eastphalia 5518:Eastphalia 5438:Elbe–Weser 5413:Altes Land 5393:landscapes 5325:Fuchskaute 5320:Westerwald 5296:Vogelsberg 5110:Langenberg 5014:Kulpenberg 5009:Kyffhäuser 4985:Kellerwald 4978:Hirschberg 4870:Hohes Gras 4846:Dürrenberg 4799:Schneeberg 4639:of Germany 4380:Space Race 4306:References 4288:B 241 4284:B 242 4264:B 243 4130:Nordhausen 4063:Scharzfels 4059:Königsburg 4027:legal code 3969:Walkenried 3951:abbeys of 3932:Nordhausen 3902:Osterwieck 3864:Vienenburg 3860:Salzgitter 3852:Hildesheim 3840:Duderstadt 3763:Walkenried 3684:Nordhausen 3619:Harzgerode 3570:Breitungen 3540:Bad Sachsa 3454:Lautenthal 3442:Lange Wand 3426:Büchenberg 3422:Samson Pit 3418:show mines 3331:Thuringian 3311:Nordhausen 3221:Kaiser Way 3030:Sonnenberg 3022:Hahnenklee 3020:), Goslar- 2794:stone coal 2774:hydropower 2730:Lautenthal 2718:Zellerfeld 2710:Bronze Age 2678:green belt 2640:Volkssturm 2628:Nordhausen 2624:First Army 2619:Volkssturm 2583:V-1 rocket 2579:V-2 rocket 2575:Nordhausen 2567:Mittelwerk 2372:inter alia 2303:Rechtsbuch 2248:Harudengau 2236:Hartingowe 2179:inter alia 2151:brown bear 2135:Schöningen 2131:Hildesheim 2054:Hartingowe 1951:caddis fly 1937:protozoons 1901:ring ouzel 1889:stone runs 1887:Rocks and 1823:Parus ater 1731:stock dove 1715:earthworms 1711:millipedes 1707:roundworms 1628:newspapers 1566:). Bog or 1470:) and the 1313:stone runs 1045:Bode Gorge 956:Palaeozoic 933:Bode Gorge 923:with many 917:stone runs 885:greywackes 855:See also: 613:Bode Gorge 561:Königsberg 517:Nordhausen 486:Lower Harz 477:Upper Harz 181:Dimensions 87:newspapers 5483:Kehdingen 5433:Eichsfeld 5418:Ammerland 5337:Heidbrink 5301:Taufstein 5253:Barnacken 5205:Hohe Egge 5038:Köterberg 5002:Eisenberg 4966:Totenkopf 4930:Erbeskopf 4894:Griesberg 4858:Angelburg 4834:Döbraberg 4805:Steinwald 4750:Ernstberg 4739:Hohe Acht 4715:Nordhelle 4585:Mountains 4276:B 6n 4154:Braunlage 4091:Transport 4068:Schlösser 3957:Ilsenburg 3920:Thuringia 3894:Hettstedt 3882:Derenburg 3848:Göttingen 3758:Wildemann 3748:Uftrungen 3649:Ilsenburg 3560:Braunlage 3525:Bad Grund 3410:Heimkehle 3390:dripstone 3386:limestone 3253:Roßtrappe 3209:Harz Club 3171:fourcross 3095:Roßtrappe 3069:Bergwacht 2962:spa towns 2873:Bad Grund 2830:ecosystem 2738:Wildemann 2722:Bad Grund 2714:Clausthal 2614:Waffen SS 2610:11th Army 2571:Kohnstein 2569:Ltd., in 2474:In 1907, 2362:In 1668, 2218:Harz 1852 2203:Roßtrappe 2155:cave bear 2038:wild boar 1996:damselfly 1977:amphipods 1882:damselfly 1835:pygmy owl 1827:crossbill 1791:firecrest 1787:goldcrest 1552:deergrass 1492:blueberry 1468:Schlenken 1384:Quellwald 1318:blueberry 1221:Scots elm 1129:wood-rush 1125:sea level 986:and into 905:limestone 879:, slaty ( 873:base-poor 627:Oderteich 577:Braunlage 565:Bruchberg 545:High Harz 529:Ilsenburg 505:Göttingen 490:Unterharz 438:Geography 428:sea level 392:Thuringia 342:grauwacke 332:Paleozoic 310:Hercynian 238:Thuringia 202:Geography 172:Elevation 5548:Wendland 5473:Hümmling 5153:Spessart 5057:Odenwald 4936:Soonwald 4925:Hunsrück 4816:Kohlwald 4667:Feldberg 4511:template 4378:(2005). 4325:22 March 4294:See also 4272:B 4 4268:B 6 4234:and the 4051:Harzburg 3949:medieval 3914:Staßfurt 3886:Eisleben 3856:Northeim 3836:Bockenem 3778:Wienrode 3738:Stolberg 3728:Schwenda 3679:Nordharz 3664:Mansfeld 3614:Hainrode 3600:Gittelde 3595:Gernrode 3492:Stolberg 3382:dolomite 3275:Harz Run 3242:naturist 3167:downhill 3163:freeride 3117:canoeing 3042:biathlon 3038:Wurmberg 3018:Hohegeiß 3010:Torfhaus 2968:and the 2915:hardwood 2911:forestry 2887:Rübeland 2869:Mansfeld 2756:, mined 2626:reached 2616:and the 2541:Nazi era 2299:law book 2187:adhesive 2171:reindeer 2159:mammoths 2034:roe deer 2030:red deer 1963:stonefly 1953:larvae ( 1929:bullhead 1819:coal tit 1703:woodlice 1488:cowberry 1472:hummocks 1376:riparian 1342:cowberry 1213:hornbeam 1197:dolerite 996:Tertiary 992:tectonic 980:Mesozoic 921:plateaus 741:and the 715:Holtemme 713:and the 689:and the 669:and the 663:Innerste 621:and the 619:Oker Dam 573:Wurmberg 549:Hochharz 482:Oberharz 472:Eisleben 432:Wurmberg 412:Hercynia 224:Germany 5629:Altmark 5614:Regions 5533:Solling 5443:Emsland 5389:Regions 5217:Lemberg 5165:Sudetes 5141:Solling 5122:Himberg 4698:Deister 4597:Germany 4559:Portals 4513:below ( 4144:to the 4029:of the 4007:or the 3953:Drübeck 3844:Einbeck 3585:Ellrich 3520:Altenau 3515:Allrode 3376:in the 3291:walking 3287:fun run 3285:) is a 3269:Running 3150:); the 3148:Klippen 3133:gliding 2970:Brocken 2958:Tourism 2953:Tourism 2770:'ponds' 2768:and 68 2734:Altenau 2684:Economy 2636:Ellrich 2604:was at 2380:Vandals 2244:Harudes 2224:Harzgau 2143:aurochs 2048:History 2042:mouflon 1913:forests 1761:). 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