1066:, "The receipt of your communication, dated the 17th instant, inclosing a copy of proclamation issued on the same day, informing me that for reasons set forth in said proclamation the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a Provisional Government established, which is now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and requesting me on behalf of H. I. J. M.'s Government to recognize said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, pending the receipt of instructions from H. I. J. M.'s Government, to whom advices of your action and of the position which I have taken in relation thereto have been despatched."
288:
ticket the "Committee of Nine" was formed
January 14, 1883, to assume the leadership position of the Independent Party. The Committee of Nine were staunchly loyal to the Missionary Party, having social and economic philosophies that reflected the Missionary values. The Independent Party won 13 seats and was the minority party in the Hawaii legislature. For the following elections of 1886 the committee reconvened, this time calling themselves the "Committee of Thirteen" due to the change in members. Their intent was to make the Independent Party the majority party in the legislature. At the end of the elections the Independents won ten seats, a net loss of three seats.
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Countries recognizing the new
Provisional Government included Chile, Austria-Hungary, Mexico, Russia, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Spain, Japan, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Denmark, Belgium, China, Peru, and France. When the Republic of Hawaii was declared on July 4, 1894, immediate recognition was given by every nation with diplomatic relations with Hawaii, except for Britain, whose response came in November.
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fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself." Due to the Queen's desire "to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life" for her subjects and after some deliberation, at the urging of advisers and friends, the Queen ordered her forces to surrender. The
Honolulu Rifles took over government buildings, disarmed the Royal Guard, and declared a
227:
1103:"The provisional government, whatever its faults, had had little difficulty in obtaining recognition, even from Cleveland, and it was not considered likely that the republic would have any foreign problems. Recognition came even more quickly than it had in 1893, for at least there was no question of a revolution's having taken place or of the government's control of the domestic situation."
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499:, refused to accede to the Provisional Government's demands that he strike the colors of the Kingdom, but later lowered the colors on order of the Japanese Government. Along with every other international legations in Honolulu, the Japanese Consulate-General, Suburo Fujii, quickly recognized the Provisional Government as the legitimate successor to the monarchy.
287:
The
Committee of Safety originated from a leadership group when members of the Missionary Party began to run as Independent Party candidates. For the elections of 1884 the Missionary Party strictly ran all candidates as Independent Party candidates. To ensure that Missionaries were on the Independent
515:
The
Committee of Safety, formally the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety, was a 13-member group of the Hawaiian League also known as the Annexation Club. Henry E. Cooper, chairman, Theodore F. Lansing, Henry Waterhouse, Lorrin A. Thurston, Ed Suhr, F.W. McChesney, John Emmeluth, Wm. R. Castle, Wm.
412:
in
Honolulu Harbor came ashore well-armed but under orders of neutrality. The sailors and marines did not enter the Palace grounds or take over any buildings, and never fired a shot, but their presence served to intimidate royalist defenders. Historian William Russ states, "the injunction to prevent
380:
The
Revolution ignited on January 17 when a policeman was shot and wounded while trying to stop a wagon carrying weapons to the Honolulu Rifles. The Committee of Safety feared the shooting would bring government forces to rout out the conspirators and stop the coup before it could begin. The Rifles
353:
The precipitating event leading to the overthrow was the attempt by Queen Liliʻuokalani to promulgate a new constitution which would have strengthened the power of the monarch relative to the legislature in which Euro-American business elites held disproportionate power, a political situation that
502:
Every government with a diplomatic presence in Hawaii recognized the
Provisional Government within 48 hours of the overthrow, including the United States, although the recognition by the United States government and its further response is detailed in the section above on "American Response".
312:) drafted the group's constitution. The group was headed by an executive committee of lawyers and businessmen mostly of non-aboriginal non-indigenous naturalized United States citizens. Membership grew through the year, including some German and British citizens, and a few
316:. Although the politicians changed the name of their party from "Missionary" to "Reform", many wanted to become part of the United States, not just reform the monarchy. This was why the Hawaiian League was also called the Annexation Club, although not often in public.
1019:
Kinzer, S. (2006) America's
Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. p. 30. "certainly overstepped his authority when he brought troops ashore, especially since he knew that the 'general alarm and terror' of which the Committee of Safety had complained was a
369:, the requests were repeatedly denied, fearing if approved, the arrests would escalate the situation. After a failed negotiation with Thurston, Wilson began to collect his men for the confrontation. Wilson and Captain of the
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for the control and management of public affairs and the protection of public peace is hereby established, to exist until terms of union with the United States of
America have been negotiated and agreed upon".
407:
and two companies of U.S. sailors to land on the Kingdom and take up positions at the U.S. Legation, Consulate, and Arion Hall on the afternoon of January 16, 1893. 162 sailors and marines aboard the USS
1999:
1192:
WHO WERE THE PARTIES THAT ASKED FOR AMERICAN AID. Six of them were Hawaiians, one English, and one German; five were Americans, but residents of Honolulu; a majority alien to us.
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was a direct result of the 1887 constitution. The conspirators' stated goals were to depose the queen, overthrow the monarchy, and seek Hawaii's annexation to the United States.
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As these events were unfolding, the Committee of Safety expressed concern for the safety and property of American residents in Honolulu. United States Government Minister
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to appeal to the US and promote annexation. The flag was raised over ʻIolani Palace by Stevens on January 17, 1893. The flag was eventually lowered by
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was tipped off to the imminent planned coup. Wilson requested warrants to arrest the 13-member Committee of Safety, and put the Kingdom under
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1206:"Remembering the Committee of Safety: Identifying the Citizenship, Descent, and Occupations of the Men Who Overthrew the Monarchy"
852:"Remembering the Committee of Safety: Identifying the Citizenship, Descent, and Occupations of the Men Who Overthrew the Monarchy"
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185:. The group was composed of mostly Hawaiian subjects of American descent and American citizens who were members of the
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Six Hawaiian subjects, five American citizens, a German subject, and a British subject signed the January 16 letter:
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Taking Hawaii : How Thirteen Honolulu Businessmen Overthrew the Queen of Hawaii in 1893, With a Bluff
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came to power in 1891, she attempted to restore power to the throne. This caused the group to act again.
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Westervelt, William Drake, "Hawaiian Historical Legends", Forgotten Books Easy Reading Series, 2008.
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The Committee of Safety issued the following proclamation, read aloud on January 17 by its chairman
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Henry Waterhouse, naturalized Hawaiian subject of Tasmanian birth, came to Hawaiʻi 1851, member
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Thomas A. Bailey, "The United States and Hawaii during the Spanish–American War"
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that April for spreading a false presumption that the US had taken control.
1403:
432:"First – The Hawaiian monarchial system of government is hereby abrogated.
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Charles L. Carter, American, naturalized Hawaiian subject, member, son of
685:, Hawaiian subject, born on Kauaʻi 1838 of American missionaries, member
205:
government was thwarted in this goal by the administration of President
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Overthrow of the government of Hawaii, annexation by the United States
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691:, Hawaiian subject, born in Hawaii of American grandparents, member
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Crister Bolte, naturalized Hawaiian subject of German birth, member
516:
O. Smith, J.A. McCandless, C. Bolte, W.C. Wilder, and Andrew Brown.
510:
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called the Hawaiian League. No official records were kept, but
220:
1187:
Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the Congress
327:. In June 1887, the Hawaiian League used the Rifles to force
2116:
People associated with the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
697:
William C. Wilder, naturalized Hawaiian subject, brother of
424:
to a large crowd assembled in front of the royal residence
197:
on January 17, 1893. The goal of this group was to achieve
1321:"Hawaiian Kingdom – Registry of Naturalized Subjects – W"
1270:"Hawaiian Kingdom - Registry of Naturalized Subjects - B"
487:
During the overthrow, the Japanese Imperial Navy gunboat
1294:"Hawaiian Kingdom – Registry of Denizens (c. 1840–1893)"
1150:"Death of Captain Henry Wentworth Mist - Newspapers.com"
495:, who later commanded the Japanese battleship fleet at
917:"James H. Blount, the South, and Hawaiian Annexation"
491:
was docked at Pearl Harbor. The gunboat's commander,
544:(1841–1910) Business partner of his printer father
296:In January 1887 the Committee of Thirteen formed a
150:
138:
126:
116:
106:
92:
84:
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62:
54:
1091:. The University Press of Colorado. p. 147.
1216:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 31–54.
978:Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, the Kalakaua Dynasty
862:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 31–54.
724:Frederick W. McChesney, American citizen, member
169:long advocated annexation by the United States
1385:Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani
1168:"Death of Henry F. Glade Occurs in Fatherland"
1034:. Associated University Presses. p. 350.
2062:
1204:Kam, Ralph Thomas; Lyons, Jeffrey K. (2019).
850:Kam, Ralph Thomas; Lyons, Jeffrey K. (2019).
718:Theodore F. Lansing, American citizen, member
471:The Hawaiian League unofficially adopted the
319:The Hawaiian League came into control of the
8:
721:John A. McCandless, American citizen, member
37:
1009:. Silver, Burdett and company. p. 333.
981:. Vol. 3. University of Hawaii Press.
255:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
189:, as well as some foreign residents in the
2069:
2055:
1440:
1416:Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter?
967:
965:
963:
961:
784:1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii
357:On January 16, the Marshal of the Kingdom
201:by the United States. The new independent
43:
36:
1229:
1190:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1894.
875:
275:Learn how and when to remove this message
193:. The group planned and carried out the
1975:
1454:
815:
715:John Emmeluth, American citizen, member
304:(the grandson of American missionaries
1132:"Body Comes on Sierra-James A. Hopper"
773:, Scottish, named minister of interior
2121:Secret societies in the United States
1315:
1313:
389:and waited for the Queen's response.
7:
2131:Organizations disestablished in 1893
2101:1890s coups d'état and coup attempts
2091:1880s coups d'état and coup attempts
789:Reform Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom
732:Others who assisted in the overthrow
253:adding citations to reliable sources
179:Citizen's Committee of Public Safety
112:Elite business and political leaders
32:Committee of Safety (disambiguation)
30:For other Committees of Safety, see
915:McWilliams, Tennant S. (Feb 1988).
727:Edward Suhr, German citizen, member
617:(1883–1894) German consul to Hawaii
195:overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
349:Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
25:
2126:Organizations established in 1887
2111:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1032:The Hawaiian Revolution (1893–94)
2106:1893 disestablishments in Hawaii
2027:
1464:
794:Provisional Government of Hawaii
335:which limited his power. After
225:
1861:State Constitutional Convention
1210:The Hawaiian Journal of History
947:from the original on 2016-02-16
856:The Hawaiian Journal of History
181:, was a 13-member group of the
1114:"In Memoriam, William W. Hall"
1076:The Morgan Report, p 1103-1111
712:Andrew Brown, Scottish, member
1:
2096:1887 establishments in Hawaii
1490:
1064:The Morgan Report, p1106-1107
1881:Occupation of Iolani Palace
1569:French invasion of Honolulu
1388:. Boston: Lee and Shepard.
2147:
1803:Honouliuli Internment Camp
1619:Rebellions and revolutions
1030:William Adam Russ (1992).
824:American Historical Review
346:
29:
1418:. Honolulu: Goodale Pub.
1348:Collins, Stephen (2014).
921:Pacific Historical Review
826:36#3 (1931), pp. 552–560
660:Hawaiian Kingdom subjects
507:Members of the committees
448:Executive council of the
42:
1501:Battle of Kealakekua Bay
1486:Discovery and settlement
1087:Andrade, Ernest (1996).
973:Ralph Simpson Kuykendall
1891:Honolulu molasses spill
1325:www.hawaiiankingdom.org
1298:www.hawaiiankingdom.org
1274:www.hawaiiankingdom.org
1172:The Honolulu Advertiser
1089:The Unconquerable Rebel
748:1895 counter-revolution
670:William Richards Castle
385:across the street from
49:The Committee of Safety
1851:Kalama Valley protests
1783:Attack on Pearl Harbor
605:Benjamin F. Dillingham
517:
483:International response
468:
450:Provisional Government
442:
437:Provisional Government
415:Provisional Government
170:
144:Committee of Thirteen,
68:Provisional Government
1951:Red Hill water crisis
1941:George Floyd protests
1813:Democratic Revolution
1539:Unification of Hawaii
1412:Twigg-Smith, Thurston
1222:10.1353/hjh.2019.0002
1007:Hawaii and its people
868:10.1353/hjh.2019.0002
699:Samuel Gardner Wilder
579:Committee of Thirteen
514:
447:
430:
371:Royal Household Guard
199:annexation of Hawaiʻi
165:
2015:Timeline of Honolulu
2005:Sovereignty movement
1841:Hawaii Admission Act
1733:Hawaiian Organic Act
1609:Bayonet Constitution
1138:. December 21, 1900.
1136:The Hawaiian Gazette
804:Territory of Hawai'i
333:Bayonet Constitution
249:improve this section
211:Territory of Hawaiʻi
1911:False missile alert
1723:Territory of Hawaii
1657:Leper War on Kauaʻi
1174:. January 29, 1902.
1156:. October 25, 1895.
765:Peter Cushman Jones
706:Non-subject Members
677:Henry Ernest Cooper
652:Committee of Safety
337:Queen Liliʻuokalani
203:Republic of Hawaiʻi
175:Committee of Safety
146:Committee of Safety
66:1893 (succeeded by
39:
38:Committee of Safety
1695:Counter-Revolution
1685:Republic of Hawaii
1599:Reciprocity Treaty
1579:American Civil War
1529:Kamehameha dynasty
1003:Twombly, Alexander
799:Republic of Hawaii
753:Samuel Mills Damon
746:, died during the
740:Henry A. P. Carter
689:Lorrin A. Thurston
683:William Owen Smith
641:Lorrin A. Thurston
585:Joseph B. Atherton
527:Joseph B. Atherton
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302:Lorrin A. Thurston
191:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
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167:Lorrin A. Thurston
133:Lorrin A. Thurston
118:Official language
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2010:Sugar plantations
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1743:Oahu sugar strike
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1457:History of Hawaii
1425:978-0-9662945-0-7
1395:978-0-548-22265-2
1363:978-1-4976-3808-2
1118:The Hawaiian Star
988:978-0-87022-433-1
600:William R. Castle
595:William H. Bailey
532:William R. Castle
521:Committee of Nine
452:(left to right):
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325:Volney V. Ashford
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314:part-Hawaiians
310:Lorrin Andrews
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99:Oʻahu, Hawaii
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53:
46:
41:
33:
19:
1995:LGBT history
1990:Legal status
1935:2020–present
1901:TMT protests
1773:World War II
1763:Massie Trial
1445:
1415:
1384:
1380:Liliuokalani
1349:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
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949:. Retrieved
927:(1): 25–36.
924:
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636:John H. Paty
568:John H. Paty
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398:U.S. Marines
391:
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306:Asa Thurston
295:
286:
271:
265:January 2022
262:
247:Please help
235:
182:
178:
174:
172:
151:Affiliations
108:Membership
27:Organization
1725:(1898–1959)
1687:(1894–1898)
1649:(1893–1894)
1647:Provisional
1521:(1795–1893)
1231:10524/63187
877:10524/63187
564:(1833–1895)
553:(1831–1900)
466:P. C. Jones
462:W. O. Smith
435:Second – A
381:garrisoned
363:martial law
2085:Categories
1705:Annexation
1667:Black Week
1478:(pre–1795)
1330:2021-10-26
1303:2021-10-26
1279:2021-10-26
951:2014-10-08
810:References
631:Thomas May
347:See also:
140:Main organ
1807:1943–1946
1777:1939–1945
1671:1893–1894
1629:Overthrow
1623:1887–1895
1593:1874–1893
1583:1861–1865
1533:1795–1874
1434:607514169
1372:874921510
1256:212795443
1240:2169-7639
1020:fiction."
902:212795443
886:2169-7639
675:Chairman
402:USS
400:from the
343:Overthrow
236:does not
217:Formation
63:Dissolved
55:Formation
1985:Big Five
1955:2021–now
1905:2014–now
1447:a series
1444:Part of
1414:(1998).
1382:(1898).
1248:60626541
1005:(1900).
975:(1967).
945:Archived
894:60626541
778:See also
701:, member
497:Tsushima
93:Location
2041:Commons
1404:2387226
941:3639673
832:1837915
257:removed
242:sources
122:English
85:Purpose
2034:Portal
1976:Topics
1450:on the
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489:Naniwa
410:Boston
404:Boston
1252:S2CID
937:JSTOR
898:S2CID
828:JSTOR
1965:2023
1945:2020
1925:2018
1915:2018
1895:2013
1885:2008
1875:1999
1865:1978
1855:1971
1845:1959
1817:1954
1797:1941
1787:1941
1767:1932
1757:1924
1747:1920
1737:1900
1709:1898
1699:1895
1661:1893
1633:1893
1613:1887
1603:1875
1573:1849
1563:1943
1553:1839
1543:1810
1505:1779
1430:OCLC
1420:ISBN
1400:OCLC
1390:ISBN
1368:OCLC
1358:ISBN
1244:OCLC
1236:ISSN
1093:ISBN
1036:ISBN
983:ISBN
890:OCLC
882:ISSN
464:and
308:and
240:any
238:cite
173:The
75:Type
58:1887
1226:hdl
1218:doi
929:doi
872:hdl
864:doi
835:doi
251:by
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1491:c.
1428:.
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278:)
272:(
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263:(
259:.
245:.
70:)
34:.
20:)
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