63:
288:
The current official
Hawaiian alphabet consists of 13 letters: five vowels (A a, E e, I i, O o, and U u) and eight consonants (H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, W w, and ʻ). Alphabetic order differs from the normal Latin order in that the vowels
205:
In 1826, the developers voted to eliminate some of the letters which represented functionally redundant interchangeable letters, enabling the
Hawaiian alphabet to approach the ideal state of one-symbol-one-sound, and thereby optimizing the ease with which people could teach and learn the reading and
293:(kahakō)– Ā ā, Ē ē, Ī ī, Ō ō, Ū ū – are not treated as separate letters, but are alphabetized immediately after unaccented vowels. The ʻokina is ignored for purposes of alphabetization, but is included as a consonant.
302:
The letter names were invented for
Hawaiian specifically, since they do not follow traditional European letter names in most cases. The names of M, N, P, and possibly L were most likely derived from
868:
172:. In his report, he wrote the name of the islands as "Owhyhee" or "Owhyee". In 1822, a writing system based on one similar to the new
770:
236:
to represent the glottal stop, but they did not make it a letter of the alphabet. In publishing the
Hawaiian Bible, they used the
318:
106:
88:
765:
827:
858:
863:
102:
98:
84:
256:('your'). It was not until 1864 that the ʻokina became a recognized letter of the Hawaiian alphabet.
62:
290:
269:
174:
149:
133:
121:
74:
228:
Due to words with different meanings being spelled alike, a separate letter to represent the
741:
137:
182:
missionary Elisha Loomis. The original alphabet included five vowels and seven consonants:
265:
303:
852:
779:
606:
229:
141:
806:
831:
683:
233:
191:
179:
161:
232:
became desirable. As early as 1823, the missionaries made limited use of the
202:
In addition, the letters F, G, S, Y, and Z were used to spell foreign words.
237:
129:
94:
272:
in making handwritten transcriptions of
Hawaiian vowels. The macron, or
169:
165:
145:
280:, was used to differentiate between short and long vowels.
216:
Interchangeable K/T/D. K was kept, T and D were dropped
213:
Interchangeable L/R/D. L was kept, R and D were dropped
289:
come first, then the consonants. The five vowels with
766:"The Historical Development of the Hawaiian Alphabet"
93:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
70:
55:
45:
37:
27:
21:
107:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
274:
250:
242:
219:Interchangeable V/W. V was dropped, W was kept
210:Interchangeable B/P. B was dropped, P was kept
8:
306:, and that for W from the deleted letter V.
264:As early as 1821, one of the missionaries,
801:
799:
797:
308:
61:
830:. Alternative-Hawaii.com. Archived from
477:
753:
16:Latin alphabet of the Hawaiian language
178:was developed and printed by American
140:in the early 19th century by American
18:
759:
757:
7:
186:A, E, I, O, U, H, K, L, M, N, P, W,
97:. For the distinction between ,
14:
771:Journal of the Polynesian Society
41:American Protestant missionaries
89:International Phonetic Alphabet
1:
869:1822 establishments in Hawaii
778:(3): 353–366. Archived from
82: This article contains
887:
198:AE, AI, AO, AU, EI, EU, OU
160:In 1778, British explorer
136:. It was adapted from the
728:= together, team, chorus
480:
80:
828:"Alternative-Hawaii.com"
764:Walch, David B. (1967).
164:made the first reported
275:
251:
243:
125:
85:phonetic transcriptions
206:writing of Hawaiian.
782:on February 14, 2018
687:= a Hawaiian staple
549:with lower offglide
175:New Zealand Grammar
59:Left-to-right
32:Alphabet
859:Hawaiian language
732:
731:
469:
468:
150:Hawaiian language
126:ka pīʻāpā Hawaiʻi
118:Hawaiian alphabet
114:
113:
75:Hawaiian language
22:Hawaiian alphabet
876:
843:
842:
840:
839:
824:
818:
817:
815:
814:
803:
792:
791:
789:
787:
761:
742:Hawaiian Braille
478:
309:
278:
254:
246:
138:English alphabet
110:
104:
100:
66:
65:
19:
886:
885:
879:
878:
877:
875:
874:
873:
864:Latin alphabets
849:
848:
847:
846:
837:
835:
826:
825:
821:
812:
810:
805:
804:
795:
785:
783:
763:
762:
755:
750:
738:
733:
533:= never-fading
476:
470:
459:
300:
286:
284:Modern alphabet
262:
240:to distinguish
226:
158:
81:
60:
48:
33:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
884:
883:
880:
872:
871:
866:
861:
851:
850:
845:
844:
819:
809:. Omniglot.com
807:"Omniglot.com"
793:
752:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
737:
734:
730:
729:
723:
714:
710:
709:
703:
693:
689:
688:
680:
670:
666:
665:
659:
656:
652:
651:
645:
630:
626:
625:
619:
616:
612:
611:
603:
593:
589:
588:
582:
568:
564:
563:
551:
539:
535:
534:
528:
519:
515:
514:
508:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
475:
472:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
436:
432:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
410:
409:
406:
403:
399:
398:
395:
392:
388:
387:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
370:
366:
365:
362:
359:
355:
354:
351:
348:
344:
343:
340:
337:
333:
332:
329:
326:
322:
321:
316:
313:
299:
296:
295:
285:
282:
261:
258:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
200:
199:
188:
187:
157:
154:
132:used to write
112:
111:
105:⟩, see
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
57:
53:
52:
49:
46:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
31:
29:
25:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
882:
881:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
834:on 2008-10-10
833:
829:
823:
820:
808:
802:
800:
798:
794:
781:
777:
773:
772:
767:
760:
758:
754:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
727:
724:
722:
718:
715:
712:
711:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
691:
690:
686:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
644:
643:
639:
634:
631:
628:
627:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
580:
576:
572:
569:
566:
565:
562:
560:
555:
552:
550:
547:
543:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
527:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
509:
506:
502:
499:
496:
495:
491:
489:Pronunciation
488:
485:
484:
479:
473:
464:
461:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
444:
440:
437:
434:
433:
429:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
412:
411:
407:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
390:
389:
385:
382:
379:
378:
374:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
338:
335:
334:
330:
327:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
307:
305:
298:Pronunciation
297:
294:
292:
283:
281:
279:
277:
271:
267:
266:Hiram Bingham
259:
257:
255:
253:
247:
245:
239:
235:
231:
223:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
207:
203:
197:
196:
195:
193:
185:
184:
183:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
108:
96:
92:
90:
86:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
58:
54:
50:
44:
40:
36:
30:
26:
20:
836:. Retrieved
832:the original
822:
811:. Retrieved
784:. Retrieved
780:the original
775:
769:
725:
720:
716:
705:
699:
695:
682:
676:
672:
661:
647:
641:
637:
635:
632:
621:
605:
599:
595:
584:
578:
574:
570:
558:
557:
553:
548:
545:
541:
530:
525:
521:
513:= sea water
510:
504:
500:
408:/l ~ ɾ ~ ɹ/
301:
287:
273:
268:, was using
263:
249:
248:('my') from
241:
230:glottal stop
227:
204:
201:
189:
173:
159:
142:missionaries
117:
115:
101:and ⟨
83:
51:1822–present
636:similar to
481:Diphthongs
144:to print a
47:Time period
28:Script type
853:Categories
838:2010-02-17
813:2010-02-17
748:References
650:= topmost
610:= garland
587:= I, I am
486:Diphthongs
474:Diphthongs
446:W w
435:P p
424:N n
413:M m
402:L l
391:K k
380:H h
369:U u
358:O o
347:I i
336:E e
325:A a
234:apostrophe
192:diphthongs
190:and seven
180:Protestant
168:voyage to
162:James Cook
658:oh-(w)eh
624:= lively
618:eh-(y)oo
492:Examples
71:Languages
56:Direction
736:See also
717:oo-(w)ee
633:ee-(y)oo
452:/w ~ v/
397:/k ~ t/
166:European
134:Hawaiian
130:alphabet
128:) is an
122:Hawaiian
99:/ /
95:Help:IPA
786:June 5,
708:= your
577:se or h
561:= town
556:= true
531:Maeʻole
291:macrons
270:macrons
170:Hawaiʻi
156:Origins
148:in the
87:in the
38:Creator
664:= you
462:ʻokina
312:Letter
276:kahakō
260:Kahakō
238:ʻokina
224:ʻOkina
103:
648:Wēkiu
622:ʻEleu
559:Kaona
554:Maoli
304:Greek
146:bible
91:(IPA)
788:2015
721:ooey
719:in g
698:in b
675:in v
640:in f
602:ght
573:in l
544:in h
465:/ʔ/
441:/p/
430:/n/
419:/m/
386:/h/
375:/u/
364:/o/
353:/i/
342:/e/
331:/a/
315:Name
244:koʻu
120:(in
116:The
726:Hui
713:ui
706:Kou
692:ou
684:Poi
679:ce
669:oi
662:ʻOe
655:oe
629:iu
615:eu
607:Lei
598:in
592:ei
581:se
567:au
538:ao
526:eye
524:or
518:ae
511:kai
507:ce
503:in
497:ai
319:IPA
252:kou
855::
796:^
776:76
774:.
768:.
756:^
702:l
700:ow
696:ow
677:oi
673:oi
642:ew
638:ew
600:ei
596:ei
585:Au
579:ou
575:ou
571:ou
546:ow
542:ow
449:wē
438:pī
427:nū
416:mū
405:lā
394:kē
383:hē
372:ʻū
361:ʻō
350:ʻī
339:ʻē
328:ʻā
194::
152:.
124::
841:.
816:.
790:.
522:I
505:i
501:i
458:ʻ
109:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
